London Borough of Brent Wembley Regeneration Area Energy Masterplan
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Intended for London Borough of Brent Document type Report Date 26th June 2013 Wembley Regeneration Area Energy Masterplan LONDON BOROUGH OF BRENT WEMBLEY REGENERATION AREA ENERGY MASTERPLAN LONDON BOROUGH OF BRENT Revision Final Version 3 Date 2013/06/26 Made by Anthony Riddle / Olof Jangsten /Mairead Kennedy/ Jens Moller Checked by Pernille M Overbye, Anthony Riddle Approved by Crispin Matson Description Wembley Regeneration Area Energy Masterplan Ref Report 12199431512-141-001 Ramboll Hannemanns Allé 53 DK-2300 Copenhagen S Denmark T +45 5161 1000 F +45 5161 1001 www.ramboll.com Ramboll Energy 60 Newman Street London W1T 3DA T +44 (0)20 7631 5291 CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 8 1. Introduction 10 1.1 Introduction, Background and Context 10 1.2 Study Objectives 10 1.2.1 Evidence Base 11 1.2.2 Decentralised Energy System 11 1.2.3 Energy from Waste 11 2. Energy Demand Assessment 12 2.1 Methodology 12 2.3 Heating Demands in Existing Buildings 14 2.4 Heating Demands in new Developments 14 2.5 Cooling Demands 17 2.6 Cooling Demands in Existing Buildings 21 2.7 Cooling Demands in new Developments 21 3. Evidence Base 22 3.1 Methodology 22 3.2 Quantitative Analysis of Options 23 3.2.1 Building Emission Rates and Residual Compliance Requirements 24 3.2.2 Compliance Using Solar PV as a Proxy 29 3.2.3 Low and Zero Carbon Technology Investment Costs 33 3.3 Installed Capacity of Heating Plant Assets 34 3.4 Forfeited Lease Value of Heating Plant Assets 35 3.4.1 Cost of Heat production 35 3.4.2 Carbon Content of Heat delivered 37 3.5 Conclusions and Recommendations 38 4. Energy From Waste Analysis 40 4.1 Introduction 40 4.2 Resource Appraisal 40 4.3 Technology Appraisal 42 4.3.1 Anaerobic Digestion 42 4.3.2 Thermal treatment by combustion technology 44 4.3.3 Thermal treatment by gasification technology 45 4.4 Review of Small Scale Technologies 47 4.5 SENECA Facility 47 4.6 Technology Review In relation to Calculated Waste Arisings 50 4.7 Summary of Conclusions for Waste Volumes and Timescales 55 4.8 Conclusion and Recommendations 56 5. Decentralised Energy Opportunity 58 5.1 Introduction 58 5.2 Identification of Indicated Buildings to be connected to the Decentralised Energy Opportunity 58 5.3 Supply Side Technology Proposals 61 5.3.1 Option A – Primary supply via waste heat from 2.5 MWe Seneca Biomass Facility 61 Page 3 5.3.2 Option B – Gas-Fired CHP 62 5.4 Energy centre location options 63 5.5 Network Phasing Strategy 65 5.6 Economic and Carbon Appraisal of Identified Opportunities 70 5.7 Sensitivity Analysis for Economic Parameters 73 5.8 Carbon Appraisal 75 5.9 Network Route Appraisal 75 5.10 Conclusions 77 6. District Cooling 80 6.1 Introduction to District Cooling 80 6.2 Summary of Opportunity 80 6.3 Technology Proposals 81 6.4 Energy Centre Location 82 6.5 Network Route and Phasing 83 6.6 Economic Appraisal of Opportunity 83 6.7 Sensitivity Analysis 84 6.8 Carbon Appraisal 85 6.9 Network Route Appraisal 86 6.10 Conclusions and Recommendations 86 7. Next Steps and Implementation Plan 88 7.1 Planning Policy Recommendations 88 7.2 Adoption of Local Development Order 91 7.3 Ensuring Correct Design Standards are adopted 91 7.4 Proactive Involvement in the Identified District Heating Opportunity91 7.5 Safeguarding for Waste to Energy Opportunities 92 8. References 93 Page 4 APPENDICES APPENDIX 1 Energy Demand Appraisal APPENDIX 2 Multifactor Analysis for Technology Options Appraisal APPENDIX 3 Evidence Base Modelling Assumptions APPENDIX 4 Waste Resource Appraisal APPENDIX 5 Waste To Energy Technology Appraisal APPENDIX 6 Investment And Carbon Modelling Assumptions For Decentralised Energy Modelling TABLES Table 1 Assumed Year of Introduction of Energy Benchmarks ...................................................... 13 Table 2 Calculated building emission rates, dwelling emission rates and target emission rates to achieve BREEAM compliance and Dwelling Compliance ............................................................... 27 Table 3 Calculated Compliance requirements based on £50/TCO2 ................................................. 28 Table 4 PV area requirement and associated cost of delivering Compliance on site for 2010 ............ 29 Table 5 PV area requirement and associated cost of delivering Compliance on site for 2013 ............ 30 Table 6 PV area requirement and associated cost of delivering Compliance on site for 2016 ............ 31 Table 7 Cost of Residual Compliance after on site PV for 2010 ..................................................... 31 Table 8 Cost of Residual Compliance after on site PV for 2013 ..................................................... 32 Table 9 Cost of Residual Compliance after on site PV for 2016 ..................................................... 33 Table 10 Calculated investment costs in LZC technologies 2010 ................................................... 33 Table 11 Calculated investment costs in LZC technologies 2016 ................................................... 33 Table 12 Calculated investment costs in LZC technologies 2016 ................................................... 34 Table 13 Low and zero carbon technology capacities 2016 .......................................................... 34 Table 14 Forfeited lease value of heating plant assets in 2016 ..................................................... 35 Table 15 Calculated Cost of Heat Production 2010 ...................................................................... 35 Table 16 Calculated Cost of Heat Production 2013 ...................................................................... 36 Table 17 Calculated Cost of Heat Production 2016 ...................................................................... 36 Table 18 Assumed heat prices for Scenario 6 as new customers to district heating network ............ 37 Table 19 Carbon Content of Heat Delivered for 2016 .................................................................. 38 Table 20 – Assessment of Anaerobic Digestion Technology .......................................................... 44 Table 21 – Assessment of Combustion Technology ..................................................................... 45 Table 22 Assessment of gasification Technology ........................................................................ 47 Table 23 Technology Options Summary for Anaerobic Digestion Plant Option to treat Organic Waste 52 Table 24 Technology Options Summary for Thermal Treatment Options to treat Non Organic Waste Streams ............................................................................................................................... 54 Table 25 Economic Indicators .................................................................................................. 71 Table 26: Carbon Emission for Decentralised Energy Options compared to Business as Usual ......... 75 Table 27 Economic headline summary ...................................................................................... 83 Table 28 Carbon Dioxide Summary .......................................................................................... 85 Table 29 Energy Demand and Consumption Values for Identified Developments and Existing Buildings ........................................................................................................................................... 97 Table 30 Shortlisting of Technology Options ............................................................................ 103 Table 31: Solar PV .............................................................................................................. 105 Table 32: Biomass Heating................................................................................................... 108 Page 5 Table 33: Air and Ground Source Heating/Cooling ................................................................... 112 Table 34: Natural Gas CHP ................................................................................................... 116 Table 35: District Heating .................................................................................................... 120 Table 36 Floor Area Assumptions – Non Residential Buildings .................................................... 121 Table 37 Floor Area Assumptions – Residential Developments ................................................... 121 Table 38 Low and Zero Carbon Technology Sizing assumptions.................................................. 122 Table 39 Energy Price Assumptions ........................................................................................ 122 Table 40 LZC Technology Cost and Footprint Assumptions ........................................................ 124 Table 41 Lease Value Assumptions ......................................................................................... 125 Table 42 Fabric Efficiency Standard –Residential Buildings ........................................................ 127 Table 43 Fabric Efficiency Assumptions for Non Residential Buildings .......................................... 127 Table 44 Carbon Emission Factor Assumptions for Scenarios 1 to 5 ............................................ 129 Table 45 Calculated Carbon Emission Factors for Scenario 6 ...................................................... 129 Table 46 Tabulated Waste Resource Analysis ........................................................................... 133 Table 47: Heat Tariff Assumptions ......................................................................................... 143 Table 48: Coolth