Busca De Extratos E Compostos Ativos Com Potencial Herbicida E Inseticida Nas Espécies Davilla Elliptica St

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Busca De Extratos E Compostos Ativos Com Potencial Herbicida E Inseticida Nas Espécies Davilla Elliptica St UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SÃO CARLOS CENTRO DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS E DA SAÚDE PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ECOLOGIA E RECURSOS NATURAIS Busca de extratos e compostos ativos com potencial herbicida e inseticida nas espécies Davilla elliptica St. Hill e Ocotea pulchella Nees & Mart. Lafayette Pereira Candido São Carlos-SP 2016 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SÃO CARLOS CENTRO DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS E DA SAÚDE PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ECOLOGIA E RECURSOS NATURAIS Busca de extratos e compostos ativos com potencial herbicida e inseticida nas espécies Davilla elliptica St. Hill e Ocotea pulchella Nees & Mart. Lafayette Pereira Candido Tese apresentada ao programa de pós- graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais do Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde da Universidade Federal de São Carlos, como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do título de Doutor em Ciências, área de concentração Ecologia e Recursos Naturais. Orientadora: Profª. Drª. Sonia Cristina Juliano Gualtieri São Carlos-SP 2016 Dedico esse trabalho a minha mãe, Maria do Carmo Pereira por toda força, fé e apoio nos momentos mais difíceis. Obrigado por suas orações e pelo amor a mim dedicado. AGRADECIMENTOS Seja qual for o nome, agradeço a esse ser divino pelas oportunidades que surgiram no meu caminho, pela perseverança que me concede para enfrentar os obstáculos, pela fé, humildade e companheirismo. A minha MÃE, por ser a pessoa mais especial na minha vida, que sempre me apoiou em todos os momentos e é indubitavelmente a grande responsável por essa vitória. A todos meus irmãos: Ana Carolina, Anibale Carracce, Marinalva, Luiz e a Suzana pelo apoio, incentivo, carinho e torcida para que eu pudesse chegar ao fim de mais uma etapa na minha vida profissional. A minha orientadora a Profª. Drª. Sonia Cristina Juliano Gualtieri pela oportunidade, pelos conhecimentos, pela confiança e pelo carinho e amizade. Aos professores Drª Rosa Maria Varela, Drª Ascención Torres, Dr. Francisco M. Macias e Dr. José M. G. Molinillo do Instituto de Biomoléculas da Universidade de Cádiz-Espanha pela oportunidade, coorientação, paciência, espaço fisico e por todo o conhecimento sobre o isolamento e atividade de compostos vegetais. Aos meus colegas do laboratório de ecofisiologia de sementes: Simoni Anese, Patricia Umeda, Viviane Pereira, Maria Augusta, Sadao Matsumoto, Leandro Takao e Luciana Jatobá pelo coleguismo, respeito, conhecimentos e pelos momentos de descontração. As técnicas de laboratório Maristela Imatomi (UFSCar) e Renata Leandro (UEPB), pela amizade, carinho e por toda contribuição nesse trabalho de pesquisa. A minha amiga Maria Augusta Machado pelo apoio, ajuda e companheirismo nos momentos de solidão e dificuldades durante nossa estadia na Espanha. A minha amiga Wanessa Porto Tito pelo carinho, incentivo, ajuda e pela força nos momentos difíceis. Ao professor Eduardo Barbosa Bezerra da Universidade Estadual da Paraiba pela coorientação, espaço físico, amizade e por toda contribuição nesse trabalho de pesquisa. Aos meus grandes amigos: Wallyson, Genaildo, Celina e em especial a Advaldo Araujo pela força, pela fé e pelo carinho a me concedido sempre nos momentos de desanimo e solidão. A Universidade Federal de São Carlos e a todo corpo docente do programa de pós-graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais pelos ensinamentos repassados e experiências compartilhadas. A minha família de São Carlos; Andreia Nasser, Maria Clara, Renata Vilar, Aline Zafani, Cássia Villela, Lucas Marcon e a Tainá pelo companheirismo, amizade, descontração, pelo apoio e pela força em todos os momentos. E claro a uma pessoa de quatro patas; a Bela ou Belinha, um cão pessoa, por seu carinho e companhia. A Banca examinadora: Maristela Imatomi, Simoni Anese, Silmara Fanti e o Moacir Rossi por terem aceitado o convite, e pelas contribuições na melhoria desse trabalho de pesquisa. À CAPES pela bolsa de estudo e ao CNPq pelo suporte financeiro na compra de materiais. E a todos que de forma direta ou indireta contribuíram para realização desse sonho. Muito Obrigado!!!! SUMÁRIO SUMÁRIO DE FIGURAS ....................................................................................... 9 SUMÁRIO DE TABELAS .................................................................................... 14 LISTA DE SÍMBOLOS E ABREVIATURAS...................................................... 16 RESUMO GERAL ................................................................................................. 17 ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................... 18 INTRODUÇÃO GERAL ....................................................................................... 19 REFERENCIAS ..................................................................................................... 35 CAPÍTULO 1 ......................................................................................................... 47 Fitotoxicidade de extratos de Davilla elliptica St. Hill (DILLENIACEAE) e Ocotea pulchella Nees & Mart. (LAURACEAE) sobre espécies infestantes RESUMO ............................................................................................................... 48 ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................... 49 1. INTRODUÇÃO ................................................................................................. 50 2. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS ............................................................................... 52 2.1 Coleta e produção dos extratos .................................................................. 52 2.2 Bioensaios de fitotoxicidade ...................................................................... 53 2.2.1 Bioensaios com coleóptilos de trigo ...................................................... 53 2.2.2 Bioensaios de germinação ....................................................................... 54 2.2.3 Bioensaios de crescimento ...................................................................... 54 2.2.4 Bioensaios de anatomia em raízes de Euphorbia heterophylla .............. 55 2.3 Análises estatísticas .................................................................................... 56 3. RESULTADOS .................................................................................................. 56 4. DISCUSSÃO ..................................................................................................... 70 5. CONCLUSÕES ................................................................................................. 74 6. REFERENCIAS ................................................................................................. 75 CAPÍTULO 2 ......................................................................................................... 82 Evaluation of the phytotoxic potential of leaf, stem and root extracts of Ocotea pulchella Nees et Mart RESUMO ............................................................................................................... 83 ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................... 83 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. 84 2. MATERIAL AND METHODS ......................................................................... 86 2.1 General Experimental Procedures ............................................................. 86 2.2 Chemicals .................................................................................................. 87 2.3 Preparation of extracts and isolation of compounds ................................. 87 2.4 Coleoptile Bioassay ................................................................................... 89 2.5 Germination and growth bioassay ............................................................. 90 2.6 Statistical analysis ..................................................................................... 91 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ........................................................................ 91 4. CONCLUSIONS .............................................................................................. 101 5. REFERENCES ................................................................................................. 102 CAPÍTULO 3 ....................................................................................................... 107 Efeito dos extratos de Davilla elliptica St. Hill (DILLENIACEAE) na germinação e no crescimento de Euphorbia heterophylla L. e Panicum maximum Jacq CV. RESUMO ............................................................................................................. 108 ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................... 109 1.INTRODUÇÃO ................................................................................................ 110 2. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS ............................................................................. 110 2.1 Coleta e produção dos extratos ............................................................... 110 2.2 Bioensaios de fitotoxicidade ................................................................... 112 2.2.1 Bioensaio de germinação ..................................................................... 112 2.2.2 Bioensaio de crescimento ..................................................................... 113 2.2.3 Bioensaio de anatomia em raízes de Euphorbia heterophylla ............
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