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Annonaceae of the Asia-Pacific Region: Names, Types and Distributions

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Annonaceae of the Asia-Pacific Region: Names, Types and Distributions Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 70 (1): 409–744. 2018 409 doi: 10.26492/gbs70(2).2018-11 Annonaceae of the Asia-Pacific region: names, types and distributions I.M. Turner Singapore Botanical Liaison Officer, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AE, U.K. [email protected] Singapore Botanic Gardens, National Parks Board, 1 Cluny Road, 259569, Singapore ABSTRACT. A list of the Annonaceae taxa indigenous to the Asia-Pacific Region (including Australia) is presented, including full synonymy and typification with an outline of the geographic distribution. Some 1100 species in 40 genera are listed. A number of nomenclatural changes are made. The species of Artabotrys from Java previously referred to as Artabotrys blumei Hook.f. & Thomson is described here as Artabotrys javanicus I.M.Turner, because A. blumei is shown to be the correct name for the Chinese species generally known as A. hongkongensis Hance. The type of Uvaria javana Dunal is a specimen of U. dulcis Dunal. The new combination Uvaria blumei (Boerl.) I.M.Turner based on U. javana var. blumei Boerl. is therefore proposed as the correct name for the species known for many years as U. javana. Other new combinations proposed are Fissistigma parvifolium (Craib) I.M.Turner, Friesodielsia borneensis var. sumatrana (Miq.) I.M.Turner, Sphaerocoryne touranensis (Bân) I.M.Turner and Uvaria kontumensis (Bân) I.M.Turner. The replacement name Sphaerocoryne astiae I.M.Turner is provided for Popowia gracilis Jovet-Ast. Melodorum fruticosum Lour. is reduced to a synonym of Uvaria siamensis (Scheff.) L.L.Zhou et al. Many new lectotypes and neotypes are designated. Keywords. Artabotrys, Fissistigma, list, Sphaerocoryne, tropical, typification,Uvaria Introduction The Annonaceae are an important family of woody angiosperms in terms of evolution, ecology and economics (Kessler, 1993; Heywood, 2007; Chatrou et al., 2012a; Byng, 2014). They are particularly well represented in the humid tropics throughout the Equatorial belt. The Asia-Pacific region is certainly no exception to this, with a high representation of Annonaceae species in the flora and a marked abundance among the woody life forms found in lowland rain forests from India and Sri Lanka to the islands of the Western Pacific. For instance, in the flora of Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore the Annonaceae ranked eighth in terms of number of species per family (Turner, 1997), and in large-scale inventories of trees in lowland forest plots, Annonaceae typically come in the top ten familes in Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo and the Philippines (Kochummen et al., 1990; Lee et al., 2002; Slik et al., 2003; Co et al., 2006) whether 410 Gard. Bull. Singapore 70 (2) 2018 measured in terms of species representation, stem number or basal area. As woody climbers (lianas), the Annonaceae may be even more important (Appanah et al., 1993; DeWalt et al., 2006; Mohd-Ridzuwan et al., 2014). The purpose of this paper is to present a listing of the currently accepted taxa of native Annonaceae for the Asia-Pacific region, including full synonymy and typification, with a summary of distribution. The list is presented in alphabetical order by genus, and then by species within genera. The accepted name is given (including an indication of the epithet’s derivation) with any recognised synonyms. Types are cited for all names. An outline of the known distribution, in terms of both political state and major geographical units, is also provided. The following are the units for the regional distribution: South Asia (mainland India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan and Bangladesh), East Asia (China, Taiwan and Japan), Mainland Southeast Asia (Myanmar, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore), Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Lesser Sunda Islands, Sulawesi, Philippines, Moluccas, New Guinea, Australia, Pacific. Names not accepted as correct are included at the end of each list of current species for a genus. The = sign after each entry then indicates which name or appended section (incertae sedis, nomina excludendae or nomina nuda) to refer to for further information. The only previous published attempt to list the Annonaceae taxa for the Asia- Pacific region was by Kessler et al. (1995). But as the title of the work implies, this was a provisional compilation and there have been very considerable changes made to the classification of the family, including its Asian members, in recent years. The generic organisation followed here largely adheres to that given by Chatrou et al. (2012b), incorporating more recent developments. The delimitation of species within genera typically follows recent revisions where available. These are indicated as ‘Important revisions’ at the beginning of the genus. For genera without recent revisions, species recognition largely follows local floras, references to which are given at the start of the list. Further remarks One use to which a compiled list of Annonaceae species for the Asia-Pacific Region can be put is a quantitative analysis of the history of taxonomic description for the group. I did this using all published names and only currently accepted names (Figure 1). For both groups, about 50% of names were published before 1910 and about 50% after. There was a notable decline in the rate of description of new taxa from 1940 to the end of the twentieth century – only 11% of names (all names or accepted names) were published in this period. Presumably this reflects the disruptive influence of World War II on taxonomic output, which was followed by a prolonged period of restructuring as colonial rule was replaced with independence over much of the region. The twenty- first century has seen a marked increase in the number of new species being described, with annual rates reaching the levels achieved in the period 1850–1940 (for all taxa: 1850–1940 = 12.0 spp. per year, 2000–2016 = 12.6 spp. per year). There is certainly Asia-Pacific Annonaceae names and types 411 Fig. 1. Cumulative percentage of species names validated over time for Asia-Pacific Annonaceae. The two lines represent all published names and currently accepted names. no evidence that rates of description of new taxa of Annonaceae in the region are in decline, or even slowing down. The conclusion is that there are still many species waiting to be described, though habitat destruction may well be exterminating species before they can be collected and named. Annonaceae of the Asia-Pacific region Important local accounts of the family: Pakistan: Khatoon (1985); India: Mitra (1993), Karthikeyan et al. (2009); Sri Lanka: Huber (1985); Nepal: Kurmi (2011); Bhutan: Grierson (1984); Bangladesh: Khanam & Rahman (2002); Myanmar: Kress et al. (2003); Andaman & Nicobar Islands: Rao (1999); Indo-Burmese Region: Kundu (2006), Turner (2015); China: Li & Gilbert (2011); Taiwan: Liao (1996); Vietnam: Bân (2000); Indo-China: Finet & Gagnepain (1906); Thailand: Craib (1925); Peninsular Malaysia: Sinclair (1955), Kochummen (1972); Java: Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink (1963); Borneo: Turner (2011a, 2012, 2014); Brunei: Bygrave (1996); Philippines: Merrill (1923); New Guinea: Diels (1912); Australia: Jessup (2007); Fiji: Smith (1981); Pacific Region: Turner & Utteridge (2017). 1. Alphonsea Hook.f. & Thomson Fl. Ind. 152 (1855). – TYPE: Alphonsea ventricosa (Roxb.) Hook.f. & Thomson (lectotype designated by Pfeiffer, Nom. 1: 118 (1872)). 412 Gard. Bull. Singapore 70 (2) 2018 Important revision. Kessler (1996). Eponymy. Alphonse L.P.P. de Candolle (1806–1893), Swiss botanist. 1.1 Alphonsea boniana Finet & Gagnep. Bull. Soc. Bot. France 53(Mém. 4): 162 (1906). – TYPE: Vietnam, Tonkin, in collibus Bàn Phết, 7 July 1887, H.F. Bon 3432 (holotype P [P00411012]; isotypes P [P00411013, P00411014]). Alphonsea squamosa Finet & Gagnep., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 53(Mém. 4): 161 (1906). – TYPE: Vietnam, Tonkin, mont Voi pres Bút-són, NE de Ninh-binh, 23 September 1884, H.F. Bon 2734 (holotype P [P00411015]; isotypes P [P00411016, P00411017]). Alphonsea glabrifolia Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1913: 65 (1913). – TYPE: Thailand, Mê K’Mi near Rawng Karang, 14 February 1912, A.F.G. Kerr 2370 (lectotype K [K000596017, K000596018], designated by Kessler, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 118: 86 (1996); isolectotypes BM [BM000946063], E [E00393112]). Alphonsea pallida Craib, J. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam 6: 45 (1923). – TYPE: Thailand, Khao Rum, February 1911, E.G. Smith 622 (holotype K [K000574893]; isotype ABD). Eponymy. Père Abbé Henri-François Bon (1844–1894), French missionary in Vietnam who collected plants. Distribution. National: China, Vietnam, Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia. Regional: East Asia, Mainland Southeast Asia. 1.2 Alphonsea borneensis I.M.Turner Gard. Bull. Singapore 61: 185 (2009). – TYPE: Borneo, Kalimantan, Central Kalimantan, Sintang, HPH km 83–87, along old logging road east of camp, 6 May 1994, A.C. Church et al. 1344 (holotype K [K000580481]; isotypes A[×3], BO, K, L[×2]). Etymology. Of Borneo. Distribution. National: Malaysia, Indonesia. Regional: Borneo. 1.3 Alphonsea curtisii King J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 61(1): 127 (1892). – TYPE: Peninsular Malaysia, Penang, Muka Head, March 1888, C. Curtis 1410 (lectotype CAL [CAL0000004695], designated by Kessler, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 118: 87 (1996); isolectotypes K [K000574905], SING[×2]). Asia-Pacific Annonaceae names and types 413 Eponymy. Charles Curtis (1853–1928), English plant collector and first superintendent of the Waterfall Gardens in Penang. Distribution. National: Malaysia. Regional: Mainland Southeast Asia. 1.4 Alphonsea cylindrica King J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 61(1): 127 (1892). – TYPE: Peninsular Malaysia, Perak, Ulu Bubong, July 1886, King’s Collector [H.H. Kunstler] 10633 (lectotype CAL [CAL0000004699], first step designated by Kessler, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 118: 88 (1996), second step designated by Turner, Gard. Bull. Singapore 68: 66 (2016); isolectotypes A, BM [×2 but mounted on same sheet], BO, CAL [CAL0000004700], DD, G, K [K000574904], L, WU). Alphonsea pallescens Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1925: 14 (1925). – TYPE: Thailand, Pattani, Banang Sta, 31 July 1923, A.F.G. Kerr 7425 (lectotype K [K000595840], designated by Kessler, Bot Jahb.
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