32466 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 19, 1985 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS APPROACHING THE SUMMIT sians is another. And the U.S. is prepared to eign Affairs some cautionary words: "This is SOBERLY go on pretending SALT II is a real agree­ a long struggle with no end in sight. What­ ment, however much abuse it gets from the ever their faults, the Soviets will be finn, Russian side. patient and consistent in pursuing their for­ HON. JIM COURTER In short, the Washington community, by eign policy goals. We must match them in OF NEW JERSEY merely following its own instincts, is once that respect." IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES again setting the president up to have his A good way to match them will be for Mr. pockets picked. Mr. Reagan's Strategic De­ Tuesday, November 19, 1985 Reagan to go to the summit, complain as he fense Initiative is being negotiated and re­ intends about Soviet aggressions and abuses Mr. COURTER. Mr. Speaker, as the two negotiated on Mr. Gorbachev's behalf. The of human rights and make no promises. And following articles indicate, America must president is being urged to rush back, as tonight will not be too soon to start damp­ sober up and approach the first Reagan­ Richard Nixon once did, to dramatically ing down the mindless euphoria that has present some "breakthrough" to a joint ses­ overtaken pre-summit Washington. Gorbachev meeting with the kind of clear­ sion of Congress. Word is going around, as it eyed skepticism that such an occasion war­ always does, that the Soviet leader is in CLEAR UP ABM TREATY CONFUSION rants. Specifically, the President must "go deep trouble and will be eager to make to the summit, complain as he intends deals. Excerpts from a letter to the president by about Soviet aggressions and abuses of Mr. Reagan has tried to discourage such Sen. Malcolm Wallop and Rep. nonsense. He has wisely rejected the idea of Jack Kemp : human rights and make no promises." On Dear Mr. President: Soon you will be trav­ the matter of the ADM Treaty, the Presi­ a post-summit communique, for example, saying that you don't promise a communi· eling to Geneva to meet with Mr. Gorba· dent should follow the lead set by my col­ que when all you are doing is having a little chev. We join with all Americans in sending leagues JACK KEMP and MALCOLM get-acquainted session. He has discouraged our best wishes to you as you prepare for WALLOP; that is, to stop viewing the ADM the notion that there will be any "agree­ that meeting. At the same time. the confu­ Treaty as sacred icon, the Old Testament, ments." But even for a president with Mr. sion surrounding the U.S. government's atti· or the Magna Carts-characterizations Reagan's keen understanding of what the tude toward the ABM Treaty particularly made by prominent U.S. statesmen and U.S.-Soviet relationship is and must be, demands public clarification. On Oct. 14, Secretary Shultz explained an senior allied officials, and to press on with there are dangers of being trapped. Arms control is, as always, the biggest area of approach to the ABM Treaty that raises the achievement of the noble objective of danger. more questions than it answers. Whereas rendering nuclear weapons useless and, ul­ The policy of abiding by SALT II, which your administration had said previously timately, nonexistent. The President has Mr. Shultz seems prepared to continue. that the treaty prevents us from doing a va­ the opportunity to make this the only hasn't made much sense. Consider the just­ riety of things to protect ourselves against United States-Soviet summit ever to published "Military Balance" report of Lon­ ballistic missiles, Secretary Shultz now achieve enduring, positive results, but only don's well-respected International Institute made clear that we refrain from doing those if he follows his instincts and does not suc­ for Strategic Studies. It says the Soviets things not because the treaty forbids us, but because we choose not to do them. cumb to Soviet propaganda, and Congres­ have increased their supply of long-range nuclear warheads by 37 percent in just ONE NEED ONLY LOOK sional hand-wringing. It's a tall order, but three years. They now enjoy a 2.4-to-one ad· the President has faced tougher challenges vantage over the U.S. in land submarine This peculiar self-denial, as Secretary in his time and emerged unbowed and un­ based megatonnage. That's mutual re­ Shultz pointed out, is not required by the straint? ABM Treaty. Nor does technology impose scathed. such excessive restraint. To see this, one TIME TO SOBER UP U.S. soft-liners want the president to promise that the U.S. will not over the next need only look at the things the Soviets are Let's hope President Reagan's presummit five years exercise its option to withdraw. doing. Five out of the six Pechora-class TV address tonight will sober up the Wash· on one year's notice, from the 1972 anti-bal· large phased array battle management ington community, which is suffering from listie missile treaty. That treaty also has not radars are perfectly legal. as is the seventh, a terminal case of silliness over its hopes placed much restraint on the Soviets. The even more capable radar at Push kino . Contributing to the air of unreality are search even while they attack the U.S. The mass-production of the other compo­ tales of White House gnomes delivering tons effort. A Pentagon report sent to the White nents of the ground-based ABM system, the of briefing papers to the Oval Office and House Tuesday cites a series of serious Flat-Twin engagement radar, the SH-4 and setting up projectors to show the president Soviet ABM treaty violations. So while Mr. SH-8 interceptors, all easily transportable, the Gorbachev-Mitterand game films. News­ Reagan temporizes and generously offers to does not violate any part of the ABM paper Style sections this Sunday will de­ make future U.S. defense technology avail· Treaty. The mass-production of the mobile scribe in infinite detail what Nancy will able to all comers, the Russians are actually SA-12 system transcends the ABM from the budgetary chaos he presides over the president from Rep. Kemp and Sen. Treaty because it performs both anti-air· on Capitol Hill to make the outrageous Wallop excerpted nearby. craft and antimlssile functions in the same claim that Congress has given the president People often ask why the Russians have "mode." the support he needs for a summit "suc­ invested so much in weapons of mass de· No one has suggested that when the Sovi­ cess." struction while living standards in the ets test their space laser weapon soon we On a more serious level, George Shultz Soviet Union are, on the whole, only slight· will consider that to be a violation of the has been treating with the Soviets since his ly above Third World levels. The summit ABM Treaty, even though all knowledgea­ meeting with Andrei Gromyko last January, ballyhoo in the U.S. provides the obvious ble persons would agree that any of our mis­ laying the summit groundwork. Without answer. They want to be feared. They sur­ siles which flew within 1,000 kilometers of knowing the game plan. it's impossible to round themselves in mystery so that Ameri· such a weapon would be vulnerable to de· assess how well Mr. Shultz is doing. But we can congressmen, permitted an audience struction. mostly have been hearing about gifts the with the Great Gorbachev, will come away The Defense Department's publication State Department might like to lay before awed by having been spoken to in English or "Soviet Military Power" describes how the Mr. Gorbachev. Surrender of the U.S. claim fixed with his steely gaze. Showmanship of Soviet Union is building prototypes of a va­ to Wrangell Island is one possibility. An offer to Richard Nixon, who has had some experi· community tells us about the Soviets' mas­ pool fusion energy research with the Rus- ence with summits, wrote in the latest For- sive building program associated with stra-

e This "bullet" symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by the Member of the Senate on the floor. Boldface type indicates words inserted or appended, rather than spoken, by a Member of the House on the floor. November 19, 1985 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 32467 tegic defense. Since no one in the adminis­ Yes, it is possible to do some things to [From the Times, Nov. 14. tration is calling these things treaty viola­ defend against ballistic missiles. But, no, it 19851 tions, we presume they are not. We are not is not possible to do others. The Pentagon's AlaRICA MUST BE PREPARED To Do MORE IN even mentioning the deployment of rapidly all-too-familiar tradition is to substitute re­ PHILIPPINES reloadable launchers-equipped with who search for action. Yet, tomorrow, just like knows how many SH-8s, around Moscow. today and yesterday, someone must decide The actual existence of these weapons is a what action our predicament requires. Two weeks after telling an American tele­ tiny part of the problem, compared with the Is that decision really to be to postpone vision audience that his people had rejected open Soviet production lines that keep on any decision on ballistic missile defense a snap presidential election because there disgorging antimissile equipment. until the 1990s even as antimissile devices would be nothing to gain, Philippine Presi­ So even without considering the activities continue to roll of Soviet production lines? dent Ferdinand E. Marcos said that he is that your administration has called viola­ As two of your staunchest friends and sup­ ready to hold such an election in January, tions, the Soviets' approach to strategic de­ porters in Congress, we strongly urge you to well ahead of the scheduled mid-1987 vote. fense is diametrically opposed to the self-de­ address publicly certain important questions In another turnabout the presidential nying "extra miles" approach your adminis­ before you or our negotiators talk seriously palace announced that the vice presidency, tration is pursuing. But why this disparity? with the Soviets about the ABM Treaty. which has been vacant for 13 years, also Some may argue that in order to "restore If our objective, as you have expressed it, would be contested because the focus of op­ the integrity of the ABM Treaty" we must is to move to a strategic environment that position criticism "has changed from eschew any capacity for intercepting mis­ incorporates stabilizing strategic defenses, Marcos to that of his entire administration siles for the foreseeable future, while we try why are we imposing unilateral self-re­ and his entire program of government." to draw the Soviet Union into doing the straints required neither by treaty nor tech­ It remains to be seen whether the frag­ same. But does this make sense? We can nology? mented democratic opposition will be able only presume that when you labeled your Given that the first megawatt-class Soviet to mount an effective challenge to the in­ own purpose as "restoring the integrity of laser weapon will be in orbit in this decade, cumbent on such short notice-if. in fact. the ABM Treaty" you meant to confirm why is it prudent for us to wait 10 years the election takes place. your administration's very effective policy before even deciding whether or not to build But it is clear that pressure from the of cleansing the Defense Department of just one? United States has already succeeded in fo­ such a future capacity for intercepting mis­ What options will remain to us if in this cusing attention on the crucial issues of suc­ siles. while we try to draw the Soviets into century an undefended America should face cession and institutional change, and that denying the same. But does this make a Soviet Union whose defenses actually pro­ more can be accomplished if U.S. policy­ sense? vide protection for the capability of a dis­ makers are not afraid to use our leverage We see little reason to believe that the So­ arming nuclear first strike? both with the Philippines and with other viets might reverse their approach to de­ PATH TO A NE"N HOPE countries in the region who depend on fense and adopt the unilateral U.S. ap­ As we see it, the noble goal of protecting, American aid and trade. proach of self-denial beyond the terms of rather than avenging, lives is precisely op­ Marcos' corrupt government has made the the treaty. Moreover, as we see it, this unila­ posite to what has been called "the integrity Philippines the only non-communist coun­ taral new approach is wholly incompatible of the ABM Treaty," when that "integrity" try in East Asia with a negative growth rate. with the strategic direction you have indi­ presumes the defenselessness of the Ameri­ The economic mess and the increasing cated for our country. can people. We question whether it is rea­ strength of the Marxist insurgent New Peo­ Several times since March 23, 1983, you sonable to pursue such wholly contradicting ple's Army, which is now active in nearly all have spoken so eloquently of the need to ends at the same time, or whether it is pos­ the country's 73 provinces, pose a growing protect the American people against Soviet sible to pursue them simultaneously with­ threat to important political, economic and missiles. Your secretary of defense and his out discrediting both. strategic interests that are shared by all undersecretary for policy have described de­ Sir, you showed us a path to a new hope free nations. fense against ballistic missiles as "the very which is available in sufficient measure now For several reasons. the burden of defend­ core" of our strategic policy. We find this and in its totality soon. We stand ready to ing these interests falls largely on the not just morally attractive, but strategically help you to the fullest extent of our abili­ United States. The Philippines is the only indispensable. ties to achieve that protection for our nation that we have ever governed as our Contrary to popular misconceptions, the nation and our allies. In that spirit, we re­ colony. Private U.S. banks and international strategic imbalance to which you pointed lending institutions to which we are a prin­ when you first sought the presidency has spectfully address this plea to you: Let the cipal contributor hold a majority of the not been eliminated. Indeed. even if every era of MAD come to its logical end. You Philippine external debt. Most important, program you proposed to Congress had been have shown us the way to ensure our pro­ U.S. bases there have become strong links in fully funded, the Soviet Union's edge over tection through our own resources, rather a security chain that protects the Western us in counterforce weapons would continue than through Soviet forbearance. America Pacific and supports our policy objectives in to grow indefinitely. By 1988 our relative and the Free World will be safer when you Asia and the Middle East. Except for Viet­ strategic position is projected to be worse have achieved your goal. nam, no country in East Asia wants the than it was in 1980. The Soviets are now de­ United States out of these bases. ploying mobile missile systems unlike any­ PROSPECTS IN THE PHILIPPINES In 1982 President Reagan warmly wel­ thing we ever plan to build. As Soviet strate­ comed Marcos and his wife on a state visit gic forces become mobile, the tasks demand­ to Washington. Subsequently Reagan tried ed of our few counterforce weapons, due in HON. ROBERT GARCIA using gentle persuasion to coax reforms the late 1980s and 1990s, will become ever OF NEW YORK from Marcos. Now, in view of the rapidly de­ more difficult. In other words, under IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES teriorating economic and political situation present plans. defending the U.S. against in the islands, Reagan is letting his spokes­ Soviet missiles is the only opportunity we Tuesday, November 19, 1985 men hint at the bleak scenarios that have have of preventing Soviet strategic superior­ Mr. GARCIA. Mr. Speaker, our colleague long prevailed in the intelligence communi­ ity from becoming permanent. If anyone in from Oklahoma, Representative DAVE ty. Assistant secretaries of state and defense your administration has any other sugges­ McCURDY, wrote an op-ed lut week for the are warning of imminent security threats if tion, we have not heard it. vigorous reforms are not undertaken; our Therefore we find it difficult to under­ Los Angeles Times. In It, he discusses the ambassador in Manila has criticized egre­ stand why the people actually in charge of need for the United States to be prepared gious human-rights violations by the these matters postponed at least until early to do more for the Philippines. Marcos government, and the International 1990s the question of how we are to deal Certainly, it Is my hope that the people Monetary Fund, with the Reagan Adminis­ with our strategic predicament. Current of the Philippines will be able to handle tration's support, is withholding $453 mil­ SDI planning contains no options for early their own difficulties, but It Is foolish to be· lion in loans because of Marcos' failure to deployment of antimissile devices. Instead, lieve that we can sit by passively and let carry out economic reforms. they have proposed that all of our SDI re­ events unfold. We do have innuence that These are steps in the right direction, but we must be prepared to do even more. Since sources be devoted to research to answer we can and should use. As Representative the question of whether defenses against 1972, when martial law was declared in the ballistic missiles are possible. MCCURDY states in his article, "This is the Philippines, four U.S. administrations have Not surprisingly, the answer to this ques­ time and place to take some risks." looked the other way while Marcos disman­ tion is the same today as it was 10 years ago, I submit his thoughtful essay for my col· tled democratic institutions and consolidat­ and as it will be 10 years from now, namely: leagues' perusal. ed his personal rule. It is time for Reagan to 32468 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 19, 1985 step up direct public pressure on the Philip­ The same "captive" insurance company proposals are being explored by savings and pine president for a return to pre-martial would also provide banks with blanket bond­ loan industry executives and by some big, law institutions, including an independent ing coverage to protect them against fraud money-center banks. According to banking judiciary, and to hold him to his pledge that and other wrongdoing by employees. sources, the big banks may decide to form American observers will be allowed to help The proposal to form the insurance com­ their own insurance company because their monitor the presidential election. We pany was made public here today during a potential exposure from lawsuits is well should begin using our considerable influ­ risk seminar at the annual convention of above what the A.B.A.-sponsored insurer ence-independently of the Marcos govern­ the American Bankers Association. Al­ could likely handle. ment, if necessary-to help rebuild demo­ though details must still be worked out, the cratic institutions that will ensure badly current plan is for the insurance company needed military reforms, free elections and to be formed by the association itself, with MANUAL ARTS HIGH SCHOOL basic human rights. coverage made available to all 12,000 COMMEMORATES ITS 75TH DI­ Congress will undoubtedly make funds member banks. AMOND ANNIVERSARY available to improve security at Clark Air The insurer would have as much as $30 Base and Subic Bay Navy Base, but nothing million in initial capital, said Ronald C. approaching the $1.3 billion multiyear Summerville, a consultant on the project to HON.AUGUSTUSF.HA~NS figure that has been floating around Capitol the association who spoke at today's forum. OF Hill. Only about two hours' flight time from Where that money will come from remains the Philippines is the huge Soviet naval to be determined, but one possibility being IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES base at Cam Ranh Bay, which was built by considered is for each association member Tuesday, November 19, 1985 the United States during the War. bank to make annual contributions to the In exploring alternatives to our present insurer, Mr. Summerville said. Other Mr. HAWKINS. Mr. Speaker, on Decem· basing arrangements, however, we must not sources familiar with the project indicated ber 13 and 14 of this year. Manual Arts give the impression that we are prepared to that a formal proposal to create an insurer High School in Los Angeles will be cele­ abandon the Philippines. We can always re­ could go to the association's board of direc­ brating its 75th diamond anniversary. locate our military facilities, but restoring tors early next year. The school has a rich and distinguished our credibility if we pull out may be impos­ If the association does form an insurer, an history as is evidenced by some of its nota· sible. outcome that many bankers think is ex­ ble graduates, including Gen. James H. It is a rare occasion when the intelligence tremely likely, it will be because, for grow­ community is out front with virtually no ing numbers of banks, directors' and offi­ Doolittle: former Governor Goodwin disagreement on an issue of this impor­ cers' liability insurance and bonding insur­ Knight; opera singer and actress Kathryn tance, when members of Congress offer bi­ ance have become either unavailable or pro­ Grayson; actor Paul Winfield: Congress· partisan support, or when historical and se­ hibitively costly. The number of underwrit­ woman Yvonne Braithwaite Burke: movie curity commitments and a reservoir of good ers offering bank bonding converage, for ex­ producer Frank Capra; artist Jackson Pol­ will toward the United States argue so con­ ample, has shrunk to six, from 40 in 1983. lack; and a number of other individuals in vincingly that we must stand up for the The number of insurers offering the liabil­ various fields. values we believe in. This may well be the ity coverage has also fallen to about a hand­ One of the highlights of this event will be test that shows whether democracy has a ful, from 20 two years ago. Premium in­ chance to flourish in the Third World. creases on policy renewals have been as the dedication and naming of one of the This is the time and place to take some high as 500 percent. And insurance industry school buildings as the Gen. James H. Doo· risks. A corrupt dictator and Marxist experts say that, on certain types of bank little Building. gunmen cannot be allowed to prevent the policies, insurance losses have been nearly In its 75 years, Manual Arts High School rebirth of democracy in the Philippines be­ 200 percent of premium income. has proudly boasted new buildings. high cause we were unwilling to help while there The reasons for the problems are many. L. academic honors, State and national recog· was still a chance to do so. Patton Kline, vice chairman of the insur­ nition of its programs, and superior athlet· ance brokerage firm of Marsh & McLennan ic achievements. Mr. Speaker, I would like and one of today's speakers, said insurers TROUBLES IN BANKING AND had become wary of banks in recent years to submit a brief summary of the history of INSURANCE INTERACT because of the rising-tide of bank failures. Manual Arts High School, which is without He also said insurers were deferred by the question one of the finer schools in Los HON. JAMES J. FLORIO fact that bank regulatory agencies, such as Angeles, and in our country. the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, MANUAL ARTS HIGH ScHOOL, 1910-85 OF NEW JERSEY had begun suing bank management after IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The year 1985 is a diamond year for failures, creating a new avenue for potential Manual Arts High School as it celebrates Tuesday, November 19, 1985 insurer payouts. and reflects on seventy-five years of tradi­ Mr. FLORIO. Mr. Speaker, I am insert· SOUR MARKET SEEN tion and spirit. ing in the RECORD an article from the New And, most troubling to the insurers, Mr. In 1909, there were two high schools in York Times indicating that difficulties in Kline said, some banks have begun suing the city-Los Angeles High School, the first their own employees to try to recover insur­ and the oldest, and the new Polytechnic banking and insurance are beginning to ance. He was apparently referring to recent High School. Both these schools were over­ interact. decisions by the Chase Manhattan Bank crowded, and so 350 students waited and The article reports on plans in the bank· and the Continental Illinois Bank and Trust studied patiently in a shabby abandoned ing industry to create an industry-run in­ Company to take legal action against some grammar school on Olive Street. it was obvi­ surance company to deal with the problem of their employees following losses at the ous that a new school had to be built: and of unavailability and unaffordability of in· banks. by September of 1910, a new school did open surance from traditional sources. "The insurance market, especially for fi· on Vermont Avenue-Manual Arts High The article suggests that some observers nancial institutions, has turned very sour in School. Dr. Albert E. Wilson, the first Prin­ 1985," Mr. Kline said. "Just about gone are cipal, moved his faculty and students to the attribute the trouble banks are having find· the three-year Insurance policies that you new location and thus began the grand his­ ing insurance to "the rising tide of bank are accustomed to in the financial indus­ tory of the school at its present location. failures." Testimony in hearings before my try." Pride, excellence in achievement, and a subcommittee also indicates that the insur· "The directors' and officers' insurance spirit of adventure have marked the endeav­ ance capacity crunch may be attributable problem will get worse," said Donald T. or of the Manual Arts "Toilers". to insurance industry financial weakness. Brown, a group vice president at the First The decade of the thirties is often re­ The possible spread of instability within Atlanta Corporation, an Atlanta-based ferred to as the "Golden Era" of Manual our financial services industries is ominous banking company. Mr. Brown, who moderat­ Arts High School. The earthquake of 1933 ed the seminar, added, "Some banks see crumpled tradition-filled buildings, but not and deserves the attention of all Members. themselves going barer as far as D.& 0. in­ the spirit of the teachers and students who BANKERS WEIGHING OWN INSURANCE UNIT surance is concerned." inaugurated new buildings. It was during NEW ORLEANS, Oct. 22.-The banking in­ Although the idea of forming an insur­ this time that the "Manual Arts Daily" was dustry is considering forming its own insur­ ance company has been bandied about in born, the only daily high school newspaper ance company to combat the dwindling banking circles for some time, today's events west of the Mississippi. The foreign lan­ supply and soaring prices of insurance for provided the clearest indication that cre­ guage classes were acclaimed as the best in directors and officers. ation of such an entity was nearing. Similar the state. The Theatre Arts Department November 19, 1985 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 32469 was widely recognized; and at the same Mr. Greenberg's article clearly brings been able to establish space experimental time, the athletic teams swept to many city into focus the effects of this defense bias in research groups in the past decade." championships. The crowning glory was the our national research budget. We have At a recent meeting between university completion of the new school, which was heads and the chief of the Star Wars pro­ considered one of the most attractive high skewed our research resources toward gram, Lt. Gen. James A. Abrahamson. the schools in the entire state. "mega-science" so much that we have left issue of Star Wars' fiscal gluttony was gin­ When World War II came, the students little for other efforts, especially as he gerly raised by Dale Corson, president emer­ extended their activities beyond the points out, for campus-based engineering itus of Cornell University. "There just isn't campus: they supported their own Jimmie research centers tying universities and in­ enough money going around to sustain the Doolittle by helping to raise three million dustry together in research as well as edu­ health of the research enterprise," Mr. dollars for "Bombers for Doolittle"; this car­ cation. These "other efforts" have to Corson said, adding that "it's inevitable that rying Manual's name around the world by scratch for nickels and dimes in our Feder­ there will be a decline in the kind of science naming three planes. that's been with us for the last 40 years, the During the Korean War, Manual Arts al budget, yet they are no less than the first investigator-initiated research project, in adopted an orphanage in memory of line of defense in our national security as which the ideas are coming from the scien­ "Toiler" Kenny Kaiser, first California we move into the 21st century. tists themselves." That's not the general's Gold Star. Mr. Speaker, one of these days we are problem, and he offered no consolation. The fifties and sixties brought multicul­ going to wake up and discover that our dis­ The fiscal crush of mega-projects is also tural enrichment to Manual Arts High investment in non-defense research, par­ evident in the sparse funding available for School as students representing many na­ ticularly as it applies to advanced engineer­ one of the government's most applauded tionalities, races, and creeds were welcomed ing technologies, is a national disgrace. I and promising research Innovations­ and included in school life. campus-based centers where scientists and The sixties also witnessed major social just hope it won't be too late. engineers and their students' work with in· changes with the Inception of the Civil [From the Journal of Commerce, Oct. 25, dustry on basic engineering problems. Last Rights movement and the charismatic influ­ 19851 year, 140 schools, with proposals totaling $2 ence of Martin Luther King, Jr. The Air A CASE OF MEGA-BUCKS AND MEGA-SciENCE billion, applied to take part. The govern­ Force Academy accepted its first Black can­ ment eventually picked six to share in the didate, Maurice Econg, a Manual Arts grad­ $20 million a year available for the program. uate. WASHINGTON.-Last year, as White House The president's science adviser, Dr. By the mid-seventies. Manual Arts High budget planners proposed to spend $26 bil­ George A. Keyworth II. recently described School and its surrounding community had lion on Star Wars research, they displayed the engineering program as "the single most become predominantly Black; the strength vintage Reaganite frugality by snipping a important initiative in the Reagan adminis· of Martin Luther King's influence was ap­ couple of hundred million dollars from the tration's science policy," and urged that it parent in the school with its increased em­ government's medical research budget. be elevated to $500 million a year. phasis on Black pride and success. The They also wiped out a mere $1 million There's no chance of that. These centers, "Toilers" won scholarships, awards, and item for university studies of ethical prob­ designed to provide technical underpinnings athletic championships. lems in science and technology. and held for improved industrial competitiveness. are Thus far the eighties not only have back on spending over $50 million available small stuff, costing just a few million a year. brought recognition to Manual Arts High for remedying the decrepit condition of sci­ The irony is that, in the era of the mega­ School, but also have witnessed rapid ence education in elementary and high project, they cost too little to rate high. changes in the ethnic make-up of the schools. All the while, though, planning pro­ school. Immigrants and refugees from sever­ al Central American countries have settled ceeded for a manned space station, with a in the community. Black and Hispanic price tag loosely calculated at $8 billion, and TOM BETHELL ON PROPERTY "Toilers" have, triumphantly, shared in the an atom smasher-60 miles in circumfer­ RIGHTS IN UNDERDEVELOPED glories of a city championship in basketball ence-estimated to cost at least $4 billion. NATIONS and two consecutive years as city champion The pattern that emerges is billions for in football. They have also shared in the the scientific mega-project and parsimony pride of being named the Ambassador High for other parts of the research enterprise, HON. JIM COURTER School for the 1984 Olympics. Academic particularly for the mom-and-pop segments OF NEW JERSEY successes are enthusiastically recognized, as of scientific research. Referred to in the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES graduates gain admission to prestigious uni­ business as "little science" the latter lives versities. win scholarships, and accept spe­ on government grants ranging from a few Tuesday, November 19, 1985 cial awards. thousand to a few hundred thousand dollars per year, mostly for campus laboratories, Mr. COURTER. Mr. Speaker, Tom Beth­ where student scientists learn on the job. ell's recent article in the National Review, CAMPUS-BASED RESEARCH CEN­ Generally lacking the dramatic photo "How To Start a Revolution Without TERS VICTIMS OF ADMINIS­ appeal of mega-science, little science tends Really Trying," November 15, 1985, dis­ TRATION FRUGALITY to be inconspicuous. Nonetheless, it is the cusses the frequently neglected importance intellectual backbone of the system that of security of ownership for developing na­ HON. BOB EDGAR produces the majority of the highly trained tions. Mr. Bethell cites numerous examples people who advance basic scientific knowl· of the way in which the constant threat of OF PENNSYLVANIA edge, staff industrial research labs, and edu­ expropriation in Third World countries has IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cate coming generations of scientists and en­ gineers. But. Increasingly, this style of sci· effectively destroyed the right of property Tuesday, November 19, 1985 ence is facing hard times, as anti-deficit pol· in those nations. Mr. EDGAR. Mr. Speaker, in the spirit of lUes presses against all federal spending and In many of these countries, governments' furthering the continuing debate on our the proponents of monumental ventures attempts to use land reform as an excuse to Nation's budget priorities, I am submitting grab for a bigger slice of the federal re­ destabilize political rivals or landowners an article by Daniel S. Greenberg, entitled search and development budget. whose wealth is threatening-through the The most appalling Instance of mega­ expropriation of lands owned by "absentee "A Case of Mega-Bucks and Mega-Science,'' projects trampling little science is the Space which was published in the Journal of Shuttle, built on politically alluring but landlords"-have actually resulted in the Commerce on October 25, 1985. I recom­ false promises of economical operations­ seizing of the plots of middle-class small­ mend it to my colleagues. and then financed with the help of money holden who for a variety of reasons were This Nation will spend about $107 billion stripped from NASA's scientific research unable to till their land and therefore for research and development this year­ programs. The consequences were recently leased it to farmers. more than the combined R&D spending of spelled out in congressional testimony by Once seized, the land is typically redis­ Great Britain, France, West Germany, and Professor Eugene Levy, director of the tributed to the peasants, although in El Lunar and Planetary Laboratory at the Unl· Salvador, Mexico, and other underdevel­ Japan. Almost a third of this amount will versity of . Mr. Levy noted that be· be devoted to defense. In the area of ad­ cause NASA has cut back on sending aloft oped nations the new owners are prohibited vanced technologies alone, 85 percent of the scientific satellites that carry small ex­ from selling or renting out the land. With­ Federal R&D funds will be spent for mili­ periments, "There Is a startling lack of out these basic rights of ownership, the tary purposes. young scientists-ages 30 to 40-who have new owners are clearly no more than serfs -

32470 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 19, 1985 and property rights are further weakened. Freedom of speech was a civil liberty; the cerns knew more about working the land By contrasting these cases with successful security of ownership was not. The Times than his own Iranians. the Shah soon land reform in Japan and Taiwan, Tom here made explicit what we all know: The stripped the peasants of their short-lived claims of property are often suspect to edu­ holdings. Miss Goodell, whose book about Bethell demonstrates that the necessary cated elites. Even though we may enjoy the Iran. "The Elementary Structure of Politi­ element is an assurance that the land, once security of property and take it for granted cal Life," will be published by Oxford Uni­ redistributed, will not again be subject to in our own lives, its general advocacy and versity Press next year, regards land reform arbitrary expropriation or use limitations. application are intensely controversial. Ex­ as "the state's Trojan horse for its own pen­ Only if this right of property is conveyed plicit support of the security of property by etration and domination of the country­ with the land, will those who own the prop­ the economics profession would entail a re­ side." But. as the Shah found, it is a danger­ erty be willing to invest in its improvement. pudiation of the statist ideology by which it ous weapon. creating an embittered and per­ has been guided for fifty years, and such a haps revolutionary middle class that sees I commend the complete article to the at­ change is too painful to contemplate, no tention of my colleagues. itself. probably correctly, as having been matter what the evidence may be. wrongfully dispossessed. In much the same [From the National Review, Nov. 15, 19851 A year later, in October 1973, embarrass­ way, Ngo Dinh Diem and Nguyen Van How To START A REVOLUTION WITHOUT ing details about the Philippine land reform Thieu destabilized South Vietnam with REALLY TRYING were published by . American-backed land reforms in the early The reform was facing a "major roadblock." and late 1960s. Tens of thousands of middle-class small­ "If the law itself commits the act that it is holders were unexpectedly scheduled for ex­ TILLERS AT THE TILL supposed to suppress. I say this is still plun­ propriation. Half the plots eligible for plun­ The Philippine fiasco was largely financed der and, as far as society is concerned, plun­ der were 25 acres or less. They were owned, by the World Bank. which shelled out at der of an even graver kind." FrMeric Bas­ Tillman Durdin reported, by businessmen, least $50 million to the Marcos government tiat, "The Law" <1850> retired military officers, teachers, and other I pointed professionals who have put their savings reward political allies>. The U.S. Agency for out that the international debt crisis would into small rural properties that they have International Development was also not soon go away, because the indebted regarded as providing basic security for involved in a small way, spending about $2 countries have been unable to create prop­ themselves and their heirs. Tenants culti­ million on various studies and surveys. But erty rights, which are indispensable if new vate their lands while they live in towns and AID soon withdrew. apparently having rec­ wealth is to be created. And without new collect as rent their share of what the ten­ ognized its dangerous features. By 1975 the wealth, debts cannot be repaid. Moreover, I ants make." proposed new "owners" were downgraded to suggested, certain American elites have The Secretary of Agrarian Reform was "leaseholders" in AID documents. leaving sometimes worked to obstruct the emer­ quoted as saying: "These are the very the Philippine middle class, one may guess, gence of property rights abroad, whether or people, a part of the middle class, whose more secure and less rebellious. not they knew they were doing so. support the president needs. They will be Roy Prosterman, the land-reform expert Property rights depend on the rule of law: very bitter if they have to give up their from the University of Washington Law the establishment and acceptance of the lands." School, testified in 1975 before the Senate idea that the law must apply to all, includ­ Oh dear. somebody had goofed. Marcos Subcommittee on Foreign Assistance that ing those who administer it; and had been persuaded that ownership was the he had been "very close to the processes of that there sits human rights of ownership great bulwark against Communism. There­ development of the land reform there [the and exchange, the security of which it is the fore, if you took land from "absentee land­ Philippines], and I have been very disap­ duty of governments to protect. Today, the lords" and gave it to the tillers, ownership pointed to see the failure of the Phllippine central problem of economic philosophy is would increase and Communism would find land-reform program. It was initiated as a simply this: How is the rule of law to bees­ no foothold. But the absentee landlords program to transfer land ownership to a tablished in those countries-the great ma­ turned out to be teachers-Marcos' own bu­ mlllion families of tenant farmers, and with jority-that do not enjoy it? Not only has reaucrats!-who had bought a little land as a form of pension plan: something literally respect to that goal they have achieved only this not been answered in contemporary 1 percent of what was intended over a economic discourse. It has scarcely been to live on after retirement. And now Marcos thirty-month period." asked. For example, Professor P.T. Bauer of wanted to seize it from them. Adding insult to injury, the New York Times . perhaps the leading critic of main­ writers secure in Scarsdale> had given its blessing. Vietnam ("successful ln achieving Its Imme­ stream "development" economics, does not diate objectives," Prosterman wrote ln the raise the question of property rights and Much of this planned plunder was fore­ stalled. Nevertheless, Marcos weakened his Summer 1981 issue of International Securi­ how they are to be established in undevel­ ty>. and he also played a major advisory role oped countries. own country with land reform, which pro­ vided him with the rationale for seizing the a decade later in the land-to-the-tiller phase Let us now embark on a brief excursion, of the Salvadoran land reform that was es­ beginning with the Philippines. Citing a property of political opponents , there­ tablished ln the final year posed martial law there in September 1972. by contributing to a general insecurity. Fur­ thermore, when the rule of law ls subverted, of the Carter Administration. Subsequently, Political opposition and press freedom were President Reagan's political appointees to curtailed. And land reform was instituted. corruption Invariably takes Its place. If a landowner's property was unexpectedly not AID have been surprised to find that the This, Marcos said, "would eliminate land­ most unpopular and destabilizing feature of lordism in the Philippines and give land to taken, then his neighbors would suspect him of buying off the Agrarian Reform sur­ the Philippine reform was repeated ln El the tillers everywhere in the country." Salvador: Land was eligible for expropria­ Marcos has simply seized the power to ex­ veyors even if he had not. New owners cannot possibly feel secure in tions on the grounds that its owners were propriate rural property, with the added absent, but these turned out in many cases provision that the tillers, or renters, of the such a climate of mounting despotism. This key defect of land reform has been pointed to be middle-class professionals in San Sal­ land were in some cases declared to be its vador, not millionaires in Miami. Many of new "owners." out by the anthropologist Grace Goodell, now at Johns Hopkins' School for Advanced these people soon found that, instead of a The New York Times reacted to Marcos's patch of land to retire to. they had worth· martial law with telltale ambivalence. It was International Studies. Miss Goodell did her field work in Iran, where ln the 1960s the less bonds stamped by the El Salvador Insti­ predictably concerned about the "repression tute for Agrarian Transformation. Later the of civil liberties" and the "suspension of Shah had unwisely taken American and World Bank advice, imposed a draconian State Department democratic institutions." But it relished the land reform, expropriated the mullahs. "re­ concluded that there was a connection be­ "genuine reform" of expropriation, which warded" the peaseants with the stolen land, tween this injustice and what came to be deserved "open encouragement." This might and in the end, as we know. paid the penalty called "right-wing death squads." take the form of "generous economic assist­ In some cases, AID and State Department ance for programs to help the majority of himself. "If the Shah can take all this land away officials were dismayed to find, "absentee Filipinos." peasants said to Miss Goodell, ''how much phans, and yes, handicapped persons, whose LAND TO THE TILLERS! easier it wlll be for him to take lt away from crippled or aged condition prevented them The truth was that Marcos deserved con­ us some day." from tilling the soil themselves, but who demnation on all counts. But the Times saw This happened, and it didn't take long. had enterprisingly found others to rent the partial merit in his version of martial law: Persuaded that American agribusiness con- land from them. No matter! Expropriate the November 19, 1985 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 32471 expropriaters! In some of the more pathetic to be among de la Madrid's "short-term suc­ China> Commission on Rural Reconstruc­ cases, apparently, the intended beneficiaries cesses." Due process at home and socialism tion imposed the new property arrangement refused to accept the land. sity-educated Americans. mosans, and the rule of law established. It turned out that the new owners could Owners, that is, could sell deterred from improving it. Moreover, the new owners "still continuing." Indeed it is.> tural to more highly valued industrial use. weren't allowed to rent out "their" land Foreign eligibility for U.S. aid is deter­ Land-reform zealots are usually opposed to either, because if they did they would mined by GNP-per-capita statistics compiled such permissiveness because, they believe, it become .. . absentee landlords! And subject by the World Bank. When they lose their will "dispossess" the peasants. One can only to expropriation in turn. This destructive eligibility, successful countries are said to reply that where there are doctrinaire land­ and tyrannical provision, also a feature of ··graduate." Three countries that graduated reformers there will always be peasants. life in rural Mexico, effectively returns a years ago are Japan, South Korea, and Where there are property rights, peasantry country to serfdom. Consider the effect on Taiwan. They are of great interest and im­ will soon disappear. industry if the owners of buildings were not portance because they all experienced land How odd that the great guru of land allowed to rent them out. reform of a sort and they are repeatedly reform, Wolf Ladejinsky, a Ukrainian immi­ In Phase I of the Salvadoran land reform, cited in the land-reform literature as great grant to the U.S. who worked for ten years all farms larger than 1,235 acres were expro­ success stories, proving that land reform at the Department of Agriculture before priated, and those who nad worked the really does work. And critics of land reform joining MacArthur's staff in 1945, never un­ fields were told that the collectively owned must concede that economic progress in derstood why land reform had worked in the land. But each individual could not sell these countries has been perhaps unrivaled Japan. In later years he traipsed disconso­ his share nor could the collective as a whole anywhere since World War II. What did this lately about Asia, conducting unsuccessful sell the property. Rather than "extending" success have to do with land reform? agrarian experiments in different countries, property rights. such edicts destroy them Again, the great problem with land reform becoming increasingly disgrun­ completely. They also destroy the incentive is this: The government that imposes it en­ larges its own power over citizens' lives. tled and radical. Shortly before his death he to work, because the individual who multi­ told a World Bank seminar: "If we are to plies his effort can only marginally increase However well intended, this represents a wait until the peasantry of India-or for his reward, if indeed he can increase it at step away from the rule of law. A ruler who that matter a number of other Asian coun­ all. This "reform·· repeated in El Salvado can change the pattern of ownership with tries-decide to take the law into their own the collectivits system imposed by the Car­ the stroke of a pen is more tyrant than law­ hands and fight for an out-and-out radical denas administrations in Mexico in 1934, giver. If he can do it once, he can do it agrarian revolution, I think we would have when a sizable percentage of Mexican farm­ again. No property is then secure, as we saw to wait for a long, long time." land was "reformed" into the ejido system­ in Iran, as we see today in Mexico, and of But the Japanese peasants didn't take the one that denied the peasants the right to course in the Communist countries. law into their own hands. The law was given sell their share of the land . decree of General Douglas MacArthur in A POLITICAL TOOL December 1945-along with a new constitu­ HUGO MORALES: A GREAT The Aid Administrator, Peter McPherson, tion and elections. The Japanese were not AMERICAN has in recent months publicly criticized this merely defeated, they were willing to accept provision of the law and has tried to get "the American way" as the price of defeat. President Duarte to change it, so far with­ They could surely see that MacArthur was HON. ROBERT GARCIA out success. Duarte is far more wedded to not seizing power for himself. He was not es­ OP' NEW YORK socialist principles than is generally real­ tablishing a tyranny for his own benefit, but IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES was intervening under circumstances that ized, and he is most unlikely to comply. In Tuesday, November 19, 1985 addition, a collectivized farm is a convenient would not be repeated. Whereas Marcos, political tool, useful for granting favors or Duarte, and the Shah went some way Mr. GARCIA. Mr. Speaker, I want to take withholding them nor will Durate feel the toward undermining the rule of law in their a moment to pay tribute to a dear friend of economic pinch that might encourage him countries, MacArthur imposed it on Japan. mine, Dr. Hugo Morales. Dr. Morales has to change so long as he is cushioned by U.S. The Japanese accepted it, no doubt because they could see that the new system was de­ been a pillar of New York's Dominican dollars-one of P. T. Bacer's favorite argu­ community for almost three decades. This ments against foreign aid. signed to obstruct the arbitrary exercise of Fiscal 1986 U.S. aid for El Salvador is $483 power. so that the future was likely to be past year, he was given the honor of being million-including $46 million in food aid to more secure, thus encouraging the people to elected president of the Bronx County Med­ make up for the sharp agricultural decline go about their business in a spirit of hope­ ical Society for 1984-85. On November 17, that has set in since land reform was imple­ fulness. Furthermore, the system had evi­ he was honored at a dinner in New Ro­ mented in 1980. The foreign-aid request for dently served the Americans well enough to chelle, NY. the Philippines this year is $279 million, in­ defeat the hitherto invincible Japanese! I will not try to list the many accom­ cluding $35 million in food aid. Two coun­ PEASANTS FOREVER plishments of Dr. Morales. He has done so tries that do not receive U.S. aid, incident­ It was the same in South Korea, formerly many things so well. I would like to men­ ally, even though they are eligible for it, are a Japanese colony, with about 15 percent of Mexico and Nigeria. They are, one AID offi­ its land owned by Japanese.

51-059 Q-87-30 (Pt. 23) 32484 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 19, 1985 much less complex chapter 13 of the U.S to remember and honor their Now, Lorraine Montenegro serves as exec­ Bankruptcy Code by raising the debt ceil­ heroes and heroines. tive director of United Bronx Parents at its ing eligibility level of present law. Gov. Cuomo was one of the myriad of po­ headquarters at 773 Prospect Ave., once a Simply stated, Mr. Speaker, a farmer liticans who knew her. Speaking recently at Head Start center and later a bilingual a construction workers' topping-off party public school satellite. may not have to give up his farm if this for the $85 million 13-story Fordham Plaza, In 1965, Antonetty was PTA president at legislation is enacted. In fact, depending on Cuomo said, "There was a marvelous woman Public School 5 when the school erupted individual circumstances, a farmer may be who stood for all sorts of things virtuous with reports that a teacher had sexually able to reschedule the payment of his debt and even heroic. Her name was Dr. Evelina abused some students. and extend the repayment period for up to Lopez-Antonetty." Antonetty led the battle to investigate the 10 years, instead of the 5 years present law Although she never finished college, Man­ charges and subsequently fought to have allows. hattan College awarded her an honorary the teacher ousted from the school, along doctorate degree in humane letters. with the district superintendent who re­ H.R. 2211 is by no means the answer to At his request, Cuomo said, the open area fused to investigate the parents' initial com­ all farm problems, but it affords U.S. farm­ around the new building will be named Dr. plaints. Along the way toward getting a re­ ers an opportunity to deal with their finan­ Evelina Lopez-Antonetty Mall. luctant Board of Education to move, she cial problems in a reasonable and fair "That for all time here at Fordham Plaza, had enlisted the help of local businessmen manner, while maintaining their dignity. her memory will be revered, and her works and other community groups. Because the other body has yet to act, recalled and serve always as an inspiration When that battle ended, Antonetty recog­ H.R. 2211 has not become law. With time to the rest of us" nized the strength of the diverse group that running out for many U.S. farmers, I urge Antonetty, undoubtedly, also will be re­ had rallied to address the school issue and membered by her people on future Puerto sought to preserve that community coali­ my colleagues in the other body to act Rican Discovery Days. tion of concerned parents, neighborhood promptly on this legislation. Let's give our Her daughter, Lorraine Montenegro, who businessmen and other community groups. farmers a fighting chance. also is a community activist, followed the Local businessmen had not only given do­ governor to the microphone. The crowd nations, but also helped plan strategy in packing the construction site at Third Ave. dealing with the problem. IN HONOR OF DR. EVELINA and Fordham Road listened as she read an "They realized that together they could LOPEZ-ANTONETTY open letter to the governor: accomplish something," her daughter said. "There are great men and women in our So, in 1965, Antonetty founded United history, but those who have impressed me Bronx Parents. HON. ROBERT GARCIA most have been those that have dared to "Her biggest concern was what kind of OF NEW YORK stand alone, those who dared to be first. education the kids were getting. We had IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES One such great person was Vito Marcan­ school problem centers-storefronts with tonio, who, although he was not Hispanic, workers who answered parents' problems Tuesday, November 19, 1985 was admired as a champion of civil rights in and acted as advocates for them, especially Mr. GARCIA. Mr. Speaker, last Novem­ the Hispanic community. when there was a language barrier. ber 19, Dr. Evelina Lopez-Antonetty passed "Dr. Evelina Lopez-Antonetty once was "The workers would go to the school with away. Recently, she was honored by Gov. one of his tireless youth workers." them and get the other side of the story and Mario Cuomo of New York, when he re­ That was where it had all started for her try to work things out." mother, a native of Salinas, Puerto Rico, It was the time of President Johnson's quested that the open area around the new who came to Manhattan's El Barrio as a Great Society policies and federal money Fordham Plaza be called the Dr. Evelina saucer-eyed 9-year-old. As a teenager, she was available for a wide range of programs Lopez-Antonetty Mall. got a job working for Marcantonio, a fire­ aimed at fighting poverty. United Bronx She was a true community leader, found­ brand politician of the 1930s and 1940s who Parents started writing proposals and put -ing in 1965, the United Bronx Parents, an was known as a champion of the underdog. together programs for the elderly, for teen­ organization concerned with the quality of Montenegro continued, "No words would agers, for housing and welfare and drug re­ education of Bronx children. She was by be adequate to describe the honor you have habilitation. no means demure. If there was a fight to be given my mother, her family and her com­ Antonetty started a day care center for munity. I believe that this is the first time a working mothers which is currently at 888 fought in the side of right, she would not major site in the Bronx, in New York City, Westchester Ave. Other programs provided shrink away from it. She was a community in New York State and, possibly, in the adult bilingual education, distributed feder­ activist in the true sense of the word. nation has been named after a Puerto Rican al surplus food and prepared hot meals for Dr. Evelina Lopez-Antonetty is missed by woman." 100 people. her community, but perhaps not as much Antonetty met and married draftsman And what does the Puerto Rican commu­ as she might have been had she not left her Binaldo Montenegro in 1941 and moved to nity think of the honor bestowed on one of daughter, Lorraine Montenegro, behind to an apartment in a frame brownstone-type their own, their Evelina? Her daughter said, follow in her footsteps. I am submitting a building at 625 Jackson Ave. in the South "The people are very proud." Bronx. Her husband is now retired. Lorraine November 14 article from the Daily News was their only child. on Evelina so that my colleagues will have Antonetty often relaxed by strolling TRIBUTE TO NAPPER H. HESTER an opportunity to learn more about this through malls and plazas, her daughter III fine woman. said. [From the Daily News, Nov. 14, 1985] "It is almost poetic justice that she should HON. WILLIAM H. GRAY III Gov. HAILS PuERTO RICAN HEROINE have one named after her ... I want to give you humble thanks from the hearts of her OF PENNSYLVANIA

- November 19, 1985 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 32489 bring a quartet or quintet to town, although by Fred Briggs in his NBC Nightly News ble disease." He stresses the positive contri­ these fees are sometimes waived. Admission report-and the orchestra's commemorative bution therapeutic communities can have receipts are split between the orchestra and history laments the fact that "this necessar­ each town, with the town using the money ily deprives Vermonters and their children in curtailing drug abuse. He tells us that: for nonprofit community projects. for the World Day of Peace: cause they just don't care about their Among today's tense threats against the people and won't lose a bit of sleep if they young, and against society as a whole, drugs Some of you may be tempted to take are placed first as a danger that is all the flight from responsibility in the fantasy carry out what they're threatening. more insidious since it is less visible and not worlds of alcohol and drugs. Put yourselves My bill would amend the gas guzzler tax yet adequately evaluated according to the on guard against the fraud of a world that law so that any imports-those cars for full extent of its gravity. wants to exploit or misdirect your energetic which more than 25 percent of the value What is most striking is the observation and powerful search for happiness and added comes from sources outside the that despite the sight of the sad spectacles meaning. (Letter to the Youth of the World, March 31, 1985.) United States and Canada-produced by or which drug addiction places before every. . for American corporations, which exceed one's eyes in the daily news, the infection I have spoken of a new, essentially posi­ spreads rapidly, progressively extending its tive mentality. This should be deeply impor­ the total number produced by any of those tentacles from the centers, from the richest tant... to all persons of good will who are corporations in the year ending November and most industrialized nations, to the truly sensitive to spirtual values. 1, 1985, and which would violate the gas Third World... To cultivate these values is the secret of guzzler restrictions, would be subject to an On the basis of the experience that pa­ removing soil from the weed of drug abuse. additional tax equal to the amount of the tients can be brought back again to a As I said in a homily to the members of penalty they would have been subject to normal life, the positive nature of the re­ the Italian Solidarity Center, "man has an sponse consists in the factual observation extreme need to know if it is worthwhile to under the CAFE standards that they are that drug addiction is not an irreversible be born, to live, to struggle, to suffer and trying to evade. My bill imposes no addi­ disease. The increasing requests to enter die, if it is worthwhile to commit oneself to tional or outrageous penalties on these therapeutic communities are proof of this. some ideal superior to material and contin­ companies-it merely forces them to obey The results already achieved constitute gent interests, if, in a word, there is a 'why' the laws that the Congress has set. Ford the experimental basis of hope for a com­ that justifies his earthly existence." with the administration granting a tempo­ The way to bring about a return from the rary rollback to 26 mile per gallon. I hallucinating world of narcotics is to have recourse to the personal commitment of the HARDBALL TACTICS BY FORD fought against that rollback because I one concerned, his will to revive and his ca­ MOTOR CO. MUST BE STOPPED thought it was contrary to the long-run in­ pacity to start again. terests of this country but I lost. Now, Ford It is the common opinion of worthy ob­ HON. FORTNEY H. (PETE) STARK has indicated that they're not satisfied with servers that the holding power of drugs over their success. They want to take more, a lot OF CALIFORNIA the young mind lies in disappointment with more. Let me briefly go over some of the life, fallen ideals and fear of the future. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES issues in this case so I can demonstrate Lacking a perspective of the great values, Tuesday, November 19, 1985 how bankrupt are the arguments of Ford. the human person, especially if he is still in the springtime of life, when he has no Mr. STARK. Mr. Speaker, today I am in­ According to the auto companies, forcing reason for living or for thinking construc­ troducing legislation to protect American them to comply with the fuel economy tively of the future, tries to run away from workers from the hardball negotiating tac­ standards would cost jobs in the industry. the present by taking refuge in substitutes tics of the Ford Motor Co. In an act bor­ In the very short run, this might be true or in nothingness. dering on blackmail, Ford has threatened but in the longer run, failure to comply The therapeutic community, by again pro­ the Reagan administration that it would with the standards will cost more jobs. If posing true values, provides the energy ca­ American companies never learn to manu­ pable of helping one to live one's own life, turn two of its big classic American cars striving joyfully to build or rebuild the into imports if the Government does not facture small cars, they will never be able person, of enabling him to face life and the grant a long-term reduction in Federal fuel to compete with foreign car makers. Will uncertainties of the future.

suit. crunch now but oil is basically a non­ Keeping the objective, "the value of Remember the days of, "what's good for renewable energy source and at some point man," constantly in mind, the therapeutic General Motors is good for America?" we will run out of it. In addition, there is communities, even in their diversity, have Well, now Ford has told the American no guarantee that the Governments of shown that they are an effective system. In fact, they have proved thexnselves to be people that the size of its bottom line is Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Mexico will solid means producing solid results, if com­ more important to America than are jobs remain stable and friendly-remember pared with the ever-impending grave diffi­ in the auto industry, jobs in the automotive Iran? If they do not, we could face drasti­ culties. parts industry, industrial competitiveness, cally reduced fuel supplies, a half-empty Neither alarmism nor oversimplification energy conservation efforts and the respon­ strategic petroleum reserve and a lot of serves to confront drug abuse. Rather, what sibility of the Government to protect the huge cars sucking down gas at an amazing is effective is an effort to know the individ­ long-term interests of the entire citizenry. rate. ual and understand his interior world; to And do you know what, Mr. Speaker? If we Do we think that because oil prices have lead him to the discovery, or rediscovery, of his own dignity as a person; to help him to don't do something quickly, they just might fallen that we're less dependent on foreign revive and nurture those personal resources get away with it. oil? In 1984, our oil imports rose for the that drugs have buried, by reactivating the They might get away with it because first time since 1975. One-third of our mechanisms of the will and directing them they're facing down the administration demand for liquid petroleum is met by for- November 19, 1985 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 32491 eign imports, and that figure is projected to EXPECTATIONS OF SUMMIT years of preparation, negotiation, and pa­ jump to 40 percent in the next 4 years. RESULTS MUST BE REALISTIC tience-certainly not possible in a 2-day That'g not energy independence. What summit meeting. We should not assume would be our alternatives in an oil crisis? HON. STEVE GUNDERSON that useful agreements come only from We could either cut back drastically on the OF WISCONSIN summits. amount that we drive or drive a lot more IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Though the stakes are high and the ob­ stacles to success countless, we should all small cars. But if our auto producers never Tuesday, November 19, 1985 have to learn how to make small cars, we'll be supportive of President Reagan who has Mr. GUNDERSON. Mr. Speaker, as they have to buy them from overseas. Either heeded the words of President Eisenhower sit at the negotiation table in Geneva this who once said, "I will go anywhere, at any option would cost hundreds of thousands week, President Reagan and Soviet Secre­ of jobs throughout our economy. time, to meet with any government in the tary General Gorbachev are replaying a cause of peace." The second lame argument advanced is scene that has occurred from the earliest that these companies do not have the days of our country. Since the days of money to do the necessary reinvestment. George Washington, American Presidents PRAISING THE WAYS AND How, then, did Chrysler, up to its neck in have directed American foreign policy, MEANS COMMITTEE WITH RE­ debt, manage? That company has a com­ written to and talked with foreign leaders, SPECT TO THE TAXATION OF plete line of competitive cars and should received them in Washington, and visited PROFESSIONAL SERVICE PRO­ reap the benefits of its courage and fore­ them abroad. VIDERS sight for years to come. Ford and GM have But what can we expect from this week's made a lot of money recently-$13 billion summit? over the past 2 years between them, in fact. Early in his first term, the President HON. JOSEPH J. DioGUARDI What have they done with it all? Well, GM made it clear that he would look unfavor­ OF NEW YORK has been buying into the electronics, de­ ably upon a proposed summit unless there IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES existed prospects for success in issues of fense and financial services industries, and Tuesday, November 19, 1985 Ford has been buying financial institutions substance and concern to the United States. Critics argued that agreements and procla­ and is planning to get into the computer Mr. DIOGUARDI. Mr. Speaker, I rise to mations were not imperative; that simply commend the House Ways and Means Com­ business. Maybe if these companies would meeting with Gorbachev would be achieve­ mittee for the judicious decision they concentrate on their own business, they ment enough. Then, as the summit ap­ reached concerning the taxation of profes­ could run their own businesses and make a proached, those same critics sang another sional service providers. This action was larger car that gets decent mileage. We song and placed enormous pressures upon one that was needed by the American don't need Renaissance men in the board­ the President to come home with an arms public. rooms of Ford and GM, we need auto men. control agreement, resolution of regional Under the proposal sent to the Ways and In addition to those arguments, we must conflicts, or substantive advances on the Means Committee by the administration, consider ones that haven't been raised­ front of human rights. professional service providers were to be concern for the future and environmental Expectations have been raised to an un­ taxed by the accrual method. Such a protection, for example. Oil is not a renew­ reasonable level. It is naive to think that 9 change in long standing and well consid­ able, income asset, it is a capital asset. As hours of discussion can solve United ered Federal tax law would have created we deplete it, we need to find ways to re­ States-Soviet disagreements, and that havoc in those sectors of the economy af­ place it, just as businesses set aside depre­ Reagan will be able to solve the enormous fected by the provision. It has always been ciation funds to replace their machinery. differences and problems that exist between the Federal Government's position that Reckless overuse of this capital asset with­ the United States and the Soviet Union. professional service providers should be out regard for finding replacements will Agreements may come out of the summit, taxed by the cash method because that leave future generations immeasurably but let us not have false hopes. Let us more clearly reflects income. Nothing has poorer. By taxing large cars, we are taxing return to the recognition that a degree of changed that should provoke a reconsider­ excessive consumption of oil, and those success is achieved by the meeting of ation of that position. The contemplated revenues can help us seek the necessary re­ Reagan and Gorbachev and the reaffirma­ change would have placed an unfair placements. Also, the concerted zeal with tion that discussion and dialog have a valu­ burden on that sector of the economy in an which we are mining the Earth of its fossil able role to play in United States-Soviet re­ ill-considered effort to raise revenues. I am pleased that the Ways and Means Commit­ fuels is upsetting the ecological balance in lations. By arguing that we must not have unre­ tee, in its collective wisdom, chose to retain some areas. Government should not be en­ alistic expectations regarding the summit, I the cash method. couraging this behavior by allowing it to do not mean to infer that the American I have worked extensively for 22 years occur without regard for its true costs. people should not continue to assert their with the Federal Tax Code. No one appreci­ I believe the choice we face is clear. Will political will or communicate their hopes ates more the need for its reform. This we allow ourselves to boc! bullied and black­ as they relate to our relations with the So­ change, however, fails the flrst test that mailed into accepting a hazardous, coun­ viets. Americans have made it clear that any such change should be subjected to­ terproductive strategy that is driven by an they want arms control. Our allies in fairness. If we in Government knowingly obsession with short-run profits and a lack NATO have communicated the same desire. subject sectors of the economy to taxes that of concern for other people and for our de­ But, we must be aware that Gorbachev has do not reflect income, are we reforming the scendants? Or will we stand firm against no similar constituency to answer to in the Tax Code or just trying to raise funds? I this power play and stand by a policy that Soviet Union. Gorbachev recognizes the po­ think it is the latter. is right and fair? I believe that we should litical pressure on Reagan, but Gorbachev In addition, I believe that this would be meet the hardball tactics practiced by Ford has the advantage of not having to answer bad economic policy. The service sector is head on. If we break down here, there is no to a free press, an opposition party, or a the fastest growing in our economy; we telling how far and for how long the fuel public that can freely criticize its govern­ should not place barriers to its growth in economy standards will be reduced. ment. A summit yielding little imposes the Tax Code. much less political cost on Gorbachev than Mr. Speaker, I rise to draw attention to it would on an American leader. the decision by the Ways and Means Com­ We must not lose our resolve to work for mittee because I have personally raised this peace and security, but we must not fail to issue with members of the committee and I be patient in our quest for these ideals. would be remiss if I did not commend them Arms control involves highly technical for their wise decision, and I will oppose talks, requiring months and sometimes any tax reform legislation that does incor- 32492 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 19, 1985 porate this change that is sent to us from a Gorbachev, clearly stating that his remarks WHEN L.I.E. REALLY MEANS L.I. House-Senate conference. "do nothing to help increase understanding EXPORTWAY between the Soviet Union and the United States." SOVIET JEWRY AND THE This past summer, my wife and I had an HON.RAYMONDJ.McGRATH GENEVA SUMMIT opportunity to travel to the Soviet Union OF NEW YORK for a week. There we met in small kitchens IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HON. EDWARD F. FEIGHAN and in crowded rooms with many refusenik OF OHIO families. No one who has had such an expe­ Tuesday, November 19, 1985 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES rience will easily forget it. These are men Mr. McGRATH. Mr. Speaker, the subject and women of enormous courage, and of Tuesday, November 19, 1985 of trade is one of growing importance to all even greater spirit. While the conditions Americans. As our deficits continue to in­ Mr. FEIGHAN. Mr. Speaker, I know that they face are grim and bleak, they refuse to give up hope. Often denied the right to crease, both the Government and business many Members of the House have ex­ must do everything possible to expand ex­ pressed their concern over the continued work, the right to live adequately, and the right to educate their children to the great­ ports. violation of human rights for Jews and Exports have been and continue to be im­ other religious minorities in the Soviet est extent possible, the Jewish refuseniks continue to maintain a faith in the possibili­ portant for the economy of Long Island. Union, and I know that President Reagan ty of future emigration and the realization They mean significant jobs for the people has assured the Congress that he will bring of their cultural and religious heritage in within my congressional district and the the issue up during his meetings with the Soviet Union. Surely, we must match people of the Nassau-Suffolk region. The Soviet Communist Party leader Gorbachev and exceed their determination, persever­ importance of exports to the Long Island in Geneva. Yesterday, I had an opportunity ance and deep faith. community has been captured in a recent to briefly comment on the plight of Soviet As President Reagan meets with Secretary New York Times piece by Robert R. McMil­ Jewry at a conference held by the Jewish General Gorbachev in Geneva, we recognize lan, one of my constituents. I believe that Community Federation of Cleveland. I in­ that the question of arms control will be the Members of this body will benefit from clude my remark!!! at this point in the their primary topic. Yet, we also know that Mr. McMillan's views which follow: the ultimate success of any agreement on RECORD: [From the New York Times, Nov. 3, 1985] REMARKS OF CONGRESSMAN EDWARD F. FEI­ arms will depend on the trust and under­ GHAN BEFORE THE JEWISH COMMUNITY FED­ standing that exists between our two people WHEN "L.I.E." REALLY MEANS "L.I. ERATION OF CLEVELAND, NOVEMBER 18, 1985 and our allies. The Soviets must beome EXPORTWAY" We meet this morning in Cleveland, on aware that many in the United States and the eve of the historic summit in Geneva, to around the world remain deeply suspicious While there may be a loss of jobs in some speak for those who cannot speak-the Jews of their good faith, in part because of their areas of the country because of increased of the Soviet Union. Soviet Jewry repre­ continued brutalization of Jews, Christian imports and the strength of the dollar over­ sents 15 percent of world Jewry. It is the activists, political dissidents and others who seas, that trend has not affected Long largest community of Jews in Europe and seek the human rights that the Soviet Island. The main reason is that Long Island the third largest community of Jews on our Union has in the past claimed to support. exports are on the increase. planet. Yet, the Jews of the Soviet Union The Soviet Government has voluntarily The latest figures show there are over continue to live under a dark shadow that signed the United Nation's Charter, the 23,000 export-related manufacturing jobs in grows more bleak with each passing year. Universal Declaration on the Rights of Nassau and Suffolk Counties. Translated Denied their right to maintain and sustain Man, and the Helsinki Final Act-all of into sales, exports of manufactured goods a Jewish cultural and religious identity, which require that they guarantee the free from Long Island are running in excess of Soviet Jews live under the most intense exercise of religion, the right of travel and $2.2 billion each year. These sales are repre­ pressure; they are subjugated to widespread the right of swift reunification of families. sented by direct export sales as well as the officially endorsed anti-Semitic propaganda, Surely, our responsibility must be to con­ sales of manufactured goods to other busi­ including articles and programs that attack tinue to tell the Soviet Union that we nesses in the United States that incorporate individual Jewish activists, denounce the expect them to live up to the agreements Long Island products into their own ex­ Jewish roots of Zionism, denigrate Jewish they sign. Surely, we must speak, boldly and ports. history, and ignore the realities of the Holo­ consistently, for those who freedoms are In addition, it is estimated that another caust. In the last year, the brutal campaign 26,000 jobs exist on Long Island to support against teachers of Hebrew has demonstrat­ abused and denied by the Soviet system. the sales of export-related manufacturers. ed the desire of Soviet officials to eradicate Surely, we must follow every path and walk These jobs are in transportation, communi­ Jewish tradition and consciousness from each road that can someday result in a cations and various support services. Soviet society. leasening of the burdens now being borne Stated another way, Long Island has more Many of us know the extent of the brutal­ by the Jews of the Soviet Union. export-related manufacturing jobs than 20 ity exercised against Jewish activists and Here today in Cleveland we are speaking states, with over 13 percent of all manufac­ the teachers of Hebrew. Yakov Levin of of our concern for those who suffer so far turing employment on the Island producing Odessa received three years for defaming away in the Soviet Union. In Switzerland goods for export. the Soviet state. Yokov Mesh of Odessa, ar­ this week, we urge President Reagan to There is a tremendous potential for even rested for refusing to testify at the Levin insist on tangible progress in the area of greater export growth on Long Island. We trial, lies in grave condition as a result of Soviet human rights and Jewish emigration. are in a natural exporting position. Our the severity of his beatings. Yosef Beren­ We recognize that progress may take many proximity to both Kennedy International shtein of Kiev, sentenced to four years for months, and perhaps many years. But we Airport and the Port of New York gives us resisting arrest, has lost an eye after beat­ must continue to speak out until the dark advantages over most other areas of the ings in his prison. shadow that has fallen over Soviet Jewry country. The Long Island Expressway is, in These are but a handful of men whose has receded into the past. We must continue reality, for jobs on Long Island, the "Long faith and courage call out to us today for to voice our concern until Soviet Jews have Island Exportway." support and strength. Hundreds of thou­ a chance to walk out of the shadow and We all realize that the electronic equip­ sands of Soviet Jews have taken the steps gather in the light of freedom. We must ment industry is one of the most competi­ required by the bureaucracy to emigrate to continue to understand the responsibility tive of our country's export businesses. the freedom of the West. Yet the Soviet American technology leads the world in Government would have us believe that all that falls on our shoulders as voices for electronics. Long Island's electronic indus­ Jews who wanted to leave the Soviet Union hope for so many who long for religious try is one of the centers of our nation's lead­ have left. Last month in Paris, Soviet Gen­ freedom in the Soviet Union. In the words ership. The electronic equipment industry eral Secretary Gorbachev went so far as to of the great teacher Hillel, "if not us, who? on the Island alone exports over $1 billion state that Jews in the Soviet Union have If not now, when?" in goods each year. more political and social rights than in any While our exports have generally in­ other country on earth. The preposterous­ creased over the last several years, there is ness of his remarks demanded a reply. Last no reason we cannot reach $4 billion in ex­ week, over sixty of my colleagues in the ports by 1990. The technical labor force is at House joined me in signing a letter to Mr. hand. The geography is right. November 19, 1985 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 32493 But Long Island businesses should take a But John Lee Lair also contributed much sued, it is, nonetheless, an important step in harder look at the potential for overseas to Rockcastle County and to the Renfro the right direction. trade and what it will mean to continued Valley area. A large tourist industry has Mr. President, each of us realize the con­ full employment on the Island. One excel­ siderable interest and devotion that you and lent source of information about exports re­ developed around the barns where the your administration have given to the sides at the Long Island Association, with dances were held, and the area is a fre­ matter of our American M.l.A.s/P.O.W.s headquarters in Commack. The United quent stopping-point for tourists along who remain unaccounted for following the States Department of Commerce has a rep­ Interstate 75. war in Southeast Asia. In view of the consid­ resentative in that office who can provide John's family has indicated that the erable influence that the Soviet Union has significant information. While the Com­ Renfro Valley Barn Dance will live on, de­ with the Government in Vietnam, we feel merce Department representative encour­ spite John Lee Lair's passing. And Mr. that the opportunity to present this issue ages visits to his office, he still makes Speaker, I can think of no better lasting during your talks with Mr. Gorbachev will "house calls" to Long Island businesses on tribute to this giant in the country music do much to bring about answers for the request. families of our missing Americans-if the The Department of Commerce has over· field than for that to take place. government in Hanoi is forced by the Soviet seas market research data. They can be I ask my colleagues to join me in sending Union to assist us, with diligence, in this helpful in identifying prospective customers condolences to John's family, and in hon­ matter. for Long Island-produced goods. The depart­ oring John Lee Lair for his many contribu­ Mr. President, not only do we as a nation ment can also identify agents who might be tions to Kentucky, to his community, and owe the families of our Inissing Americans a interested in representing the sales of goods to country music. full accounting and explanation, but we also produced on Long Island. owe to the memories of these individuals, Another important area of advice relates whether alive or not, the honor and respect to trade shows and exhibits overseas. Full CONGRESSIONAL INTEREST IN that they fully deserve. We sincerely re­ information and suggestions on how to par­ MIA/POW ISSUE quest that you remember our missing Amer­ ticipate in these shows is available. Finally, icans during the course of your talks next the Department of Commerce, through its week with Secretary General Gorbachev. publication Commerce News U.S.A., will HON. DOUGLAS APPLEGATE Sincerely, even advertise new products to potential OF OHIO Douglas Applegate, Bob Edgar, Robin overseas customers. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Tallon, George Gekas, George After identifying which Long Island prod­