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Home , Arlo Guthrie, Barbara Kopple, Bess Lomax Hawes, Charles Brown (musician), Chris Strachwitz, Cuban Friendship Urn

2020 NATIONAL FELLOWSHIPS

NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE ARTS I 2020 NATIONAL HERITAGE FELLOWSHIPS

Birchbark Canoe by Wayne Valliere Photo by Tim Frandy

COVER: “One Pot Many Spoons” beadwork by Karen Ann Hoffman Photo by James Gill Photography CONTENTS

MESSAGE FROM THE ACTING CHAIRMAN...... 4

MESSAGE FROM THE DIRECTOR...... 5

A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE NEA NATIONAL HERITAGE FELLOWSHIPS...... 6

2020 NATIONAL HERITAGE FELLOWS William Bell...... 8 Soul Singer and Songwriter > ATLANTA, GA Onnik Dinkjian...... 10 Armenian Folk and Liturgical Singer > FORT LEE, NJ Zakarya and Naomi Diouf...... 12 West African Diasporic Dancers > OAKLAND/CASTRO VALLEY, CA

Karen Ann Hoffman (Oneida Nation of Wisconsin)...... 14 Haudenosaunee Raised Beadworker > STEVENS POINT, WI Los Matachines de la Santa Cruz de la Ladrillera...... 16 Traditional Religious Dancers > LAREDO, TX John Morris...... 18 Old-Time Fiddler and Player > IVYDALE, WV Suni Paz...... 20 Nueva Canción Singer and Songwriter > HENDERSON, NV

Wayne Valliere (Lac du Flambeau Ojibwe)...... 22 Birchbark Canoe Builder > WAASWAAGANING (LAC DU FLAMBEAU, WI)

THE 2020 AWARD Hugo N. Morales...... 24 Radio Producer and Network Builder > FRESNO, CA

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS...... 26

FILM CREDITS...... 27

NATIONAL HERITAGE FELLOWS 1982-2019...... 28

NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE ARTS 3 Message from the Acting Chairman of the Message from the Director of the National Endowment for the Arts Folk & Traditional Arts Program

THANK YOU for helping us celebrate the 2020 class of NEA National Heritage FOR THE FIRST TIME in the 38-year history of this program, we are unable to Fellows. These fellowships represent the nation’s highest honor in the folk and gather in person to recognize the National Heritage Fellows. This interruption in traditional arts, and are reserved for outstanding individuals who uphold their culture the Arts Endowment’s own tradition—that of celebrating the National Heritage through their remarkable talent and dedication. Fellows in ceremony and concert in the nation’s capital—is symbolic of the ways in which every community and tradition has been challenged by a global pandemic. During a year when many of us have felt isolated and adrift, artists and advocates

like our NEA National Heritage Fellows ground us, reminding us who we are and Photo courtesy of Ann Eilers Photo by Edwin Remsberg The 2020 class of National Heritage Fellows were selected for recognition prior connecting us with our communities through the arts. Many of the art forms practiced to the public health crisis that caused mass gatherings to cease in March. They by our fellows have persisted unbroken for centuries, enduring historical trauma and were selected because the stunning depth of their artistry is matched only by their dislocation, and yes, even pandemics. In fact, not only have they endured, but they commitment to the stewardship of living traditions, demonstrating a continue to enrich our world with beauty and meaning. in their communities throughout the intertwined public health, civil rights, and economic crises of the year. And they will continue to thrive thanks to the generosity, talent, and commitment of our Fellows. These men and women have dedicated their lives to practicing their Getting to know the Fellows and their traditions is to be reminded that calamity art forms and passing them on to the next generation, regardless of circumstances is not a new neighbor, but rather a regular intruder who must be rebuffed. The and challenges. Take Onnik Dinkjian, whose melodic voice expresses the depths of National Heritage Fellows inspire us by their example to confront calamity with Armenian culture and reminds us of its perseverance despite unspeakable tragedy. eyes wide open, to overcome, and to grow. We are humbled to know them, and Or Wayne Valliere, who has helped revive two of the most defining features of honored to celebrate them. Anishinaabe heritage through his exquisite craftsmanship of Anishinaabe birchbark canoes and work as an Ojibwe language teacher. The link between our Fellows, the culture bearers who came before them, and those our Fellows have mentored to continue their practices, serves as a reminder that the Clifford R. Murphy, PhD world will continue to spin, artists will continue to create, and our nation’s cultural Director, Folk & Traditional Arts, National Endowment for the Arts heritage will remain a collective source of richness and pride. I want to thank our Fellows for making sure this link remains unbroken, and to offer my congratulations on their NEA National Heritage Fellowship award.

Ann Eilers Acting Chairman, National Endowment for the Arts

4 2020 NATIONAL HERITAGE FELLOWSHIPS NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE ARTS 5 A Brief History of the NEA National Heritage Fellowships 2018 National Heritage Fellow Marion Coleman. Photo by Tom Pich 2013 National Heritage Fellow 1984 National Heritage Fellow (center, with Veronica Castillo. banjo) leads his in a concert outside the Old Post Office Photo by Tom Pich n a 1982 program book for a of the first Building in Washington, DC, in 1984. 1989, the African-American a capella gospel quartet and or Jennie class of National Heritage Fellows, Bess Lomax NEA file photo the Fairfield Four became the first group to receive a Thlunaut and Clarissa Rizal. Hawes, then-director of the Folk Arts program at Heritage Fellowship. Since then, 34 duos and groups I Haudenosaunee Raised the National Endowment for the Arts, wrote: “Each year, reveals the breadth and depth of the traditional art have been honored. In 2000, the Arts Endowment Beadworker and 2020 National we will greet, salute, and honor just a few examples of forms practiced in our nation. added an annual award which honors an advocate in the the dazzling array of artistic traditions we have inherited folk and traditional arts. Named the Bess Lomax Hawes Heritage Fellow Karen Ann throughout our nation’s fortunate history…. We believe All National Heritage Fellowships begin with a Fellowship as a tribute to the former Arts Endowment Hoffman said of her award: “I was that this can continue far into the future, each year’s nomination, often by someone from the artist’s director, this award recognizes an individual who has very honored by that because I group of artists demonstrating yet other distinctive art community, which also includes supporting materials made major contributions to the excellence, vitality, know full well that that honor is forms from the American experience.” and letters of support. Those are reviewed by a panel and public appreciation of the folk and traditional arts. built on the talents of thousands of experts with a range of experience in the folk and , and cultural advocate, of Haudenosaunee artists from In the nearly 40 years since, the Arts Endowment traditional arts, as well as one lay person. The panel’s received the first of these awards. the past, that are currently practicing, and that will has realized this vision, each year bringing national recommendations are then reviewed by the National practice in the future, and I shoulder this responsibility attention to the great diversity of folk and traditional Council on the Arts, with the final decision made by While the Heritage Fellowships are a central component gratefully and solemnly and will do my very best to live artists practices in our country. Inspired by the Japanese the chairman of the National Endowment for the Arts. of the Arts Endowment’s support of the folk and up to the representation that I’ve been gifted with.” Living Treasures program, this one-time award to The amount of the award started at $10,000 in 1982 and traditional arts, the agency also has a long history of individuals recognizes both their artistic excellence Through this award, the National Endowment for the grew to $25,000 in 2009. providing grants to nonprofit organizations to support as well as their efforts to conserve America’s many projects ranging from festivals to documentary and Arts can both celebrate the richness of our nation’s cultural traditions for future generations. While some The program has also expanded in other ways since media projects, exhibitions, and educational programs. cultural traditions and honor the immense dedication of of the almost 450 recipients are well known nationally— its inception. Initially an award just for individuals, in The agency has also played an essential role in the the recipients in ensuring these art forms will continue such as Mavis Staples, Michael Flatley, B.B. King, and creation and support of folk arts partnerships at the to thrive for years to come. the quilters of Gee’s Bend—many recipients are best state level, providing opportunities for fieldwork, known in their home or cultural communities, where apprenticeships, and more opportunities for the they are lauded as masters of crafts, dance, , oral public to experience and gain an appreciation for our traditions, visual arts, and more. nation’s diverse and ever-growing cultural traditions. In the coming year, the Arts Endowment will make a The first class of Heritage Fellows included the $1,000,000 investment in a National Folklife Network singer/harmonica player Sonny Terry and his to develop new infrastructure in spaces where it does not frequent performing partner, guitarist/singer Brownie currently exist. In addition, the folk arts partnerships McGhee, as well as the Mexican-American singer will expand to include all states, territories, and regions , bluegrass , and of the country for the first time in the program’s history. ornamental ironworker Philip Simmons. Since then, the award has recognized artists representing more As the years have gone by, an increasing number of than 200 traditional art forms, such as Passamaquoddy honorees cite past Heritage Fellows as mentors, an basketmaking, cowboy poetry, Cambodian classical 1990 National Heritage Fellow Kevin Locke, 2011 National Heritage Fellows Roy and PJ Hirabayashi with Lakota and Anishinaabe. example of how the folk and traditional arts are passed dancing, and Tejano playing. This range performers from San Jose Taiko. Photo by Michael G. Stewart down from generation to generation, such as with Pops Photo by Michael G. Stewart

6 2020 NATIONAL HERITAGE FELLOWSHIPS NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE ARTS 7 Soul Singer and Songwriter William Bell ATLANTA, GA

orn in 1939 and raised in Memphis, Tennessee, For several decades, Bell performed occasional world William Bell was among a small group of musical tours and special concert appearances while focusing on Bartists who signed with a fledgling Memphis production and songwriting. In 2016, he signed with the named in the early 1960s, newly revived Stax Records and released the LP This is shortly after it was established in a shuttered movie Where I Live, for which he received a Grammy Award for theater. Although the owners had set out to record Best Americana . , they soon drew the interest of young people from the neighborhood and changed their focus Bell’s resurgence into the limelight also found him in to recording a genre new to them: . As the 2014 documentary, Take Me to the River, in which the first male solo act signed to Stax, Bell played a pivotal he shared his craft with younger . This led role in ushering in the genre known as Southern soul to the creation of the Take Me to the River Education music, which later resulted in the globally influential Foundation, in which Bell remains heavily involved. “Memphis Sound.” He is also a supporter of the Stax Music Academy in Memphis, participating in workshops and performances Although much of the early music at Stax was more grit with the students, including performances at the 2011 than glamor, Bell brought with him the sophistication of Smithsonian Folklife Festival in Washington, DC. a balladeer, first writing and releasing the melancholy “You Don’t Miss Your Water” in 1961 (later recorded Bell is the recipient of the Rhythm and Blues by Otis Redding and the Byrds), which landed him a Foundation’s R&B Pioneer Award, a BMI Songwriter’s tour that included a gig at the legendary Award, and is a member of the Georgia Music Hall of in City. It was during that engagement that Fame and Memphis Music Hall of Fame. Although his Bell was drafted in the Army, putting his singing career historic contributions to the world are highlighted and on hold. celebrated at the Stax Museum, he continues to write, produce, record, and tour the world. Upon returning to Stax after his stint in the military, Bell released and that helped launch the label By Tim Sampson, Soulsville Foundation into even more international success. He also co-wrote the blues classic “Born Under a Bad Sign,” which became Photo by Tony Knuppel internationally known at the hands of bluesman and the British rock band Cream. In Memphis we were mixing all these influences we grew up on of blues, gospel, , After Stax records closed in 1975, Bell moved to Atlanta “ R&B, and doo-wop and coming up with our own sound. and formed his own record label, releasing “Trying To Love Two” in 1977, which reached number one on the We didn’t even know at the time we were R&B charts and number ten on the pop charts and was the biggest hit of his career. actually creating the musical art form that soon became known as soul music.” —William Bell

8 2020 NATIONAL HERITAGE FELLOWSHIPS NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE ARTS 9 Armenian Folk and Liturgical Singer Onnik Dinkjian FORT LEE, NJ

nnik Dinkjian is one of the most beloved and Dinkjian made his first recording in 1948 on the Bat influential Armenian singers in America. Four Masian label (78 rpm), followed by subsequent 78s, 45s, Ogenerations have listened to his recordings LPs, and CDs. His recordings quickly became bestsellers and have treasured his singing at Armenian concerts, in the American-Armenian communities, which dances, weddings, and church services throughout the resulted in decades of live performances. Much of the . Dinkjian’s tenor voice is soothing and repertoire heard at Armenian functions in America was expressive, conveying both the utter joy and passions of learned from Onnik Dinkjian. He has continuously and his Armenian heritage and the deep sorrow of its painful generously spent time with young American-Armenian history. musicians, encouraging them to treasure their cultural identity by sharing their talent. Specifically, he has Dinkjian was born in 1929 in , France. His parents, written out hard-to-decipher and guided young born in Dikranagerd (Diyarbekir), Turkey, were singers with lyric translations and proper diction. survivors of the 1915 Armenian Genocide, and died when he was an infant. His godparents, also survivors of In 2009, Dinkjian was invited to do a concert in the genocide from Dikranagerd, adopted him and they Diyarbekir, dramatically bringing the local Armenian immigrated to America in 1946. The Armenian dialect folk songs back to their place of origin after having from Dikranagerd is unique and Dinkjian is one of the kept them alive for generations in America. Although last remaining Armenians who speaks and understands there were virtually no Armenians , he was it, and perhaps the last who sings in this endangered welcomed and honored by the Kurdish and Turkish dialect. communities, as well as by the mayor. A titled Garod (Longing) was produced by Kurdish and Dinkjian’s earliest musical experiences were in the Turkish filmmakers in recognition of this historic event. Armenian Church, where he became a featured soloist. Upon joining the U.S. Army in 1952, he became soloist of Dinkjian has performed at the , the the famed Winged Victory Chorus, which entertained the Smithsonian Folklife Festival, and the Kennedy Center’s troops throughout during the Korean War. Millennium Stage.

Apart from the sacred music of the Armenian Church, By Carolyn Rapkievian, Armenian Dance Director and Photo courtesy of the artist Dinkjian’s repertoire consists of mainly folk and popular Smithsonian Educator Emeritus songs from the Anatolian (Eastern Turkey) villages, Armenia, and the Armenian Diaspora. Dinkjian is also a and lyricist, whose songs have become “ This is the real me. I feel it all the way down to my toes.This is my language - standards in the American-Armenian community. ‘Let me open the door of your soul…’” —Onnik Dinkjian

10 2020 NATIONAL HERITAGE FELLOWSHIPS NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE ARTS 11 West African Diasporic Dancers “Listening to music wakes up the inner level of my being Zakarya and Naomi Diouf and makes me want to move in unimaginable ways; it’s like really being possessed by the dance deity. It’s the joy that OAKLAND AND CASTRO VALLEY, CA keeps one smiling (Ha-ha).” —Naomi Diouf

r. Zakarya Sao Diouf and Naomi Gedo Diouf are Zakarya and Naomi relocated to the Bay Area in 1987, culture bearers and artists from Senegal and with Naomi becoming the artistic director of Diamano DLiberia, respectively, who have contributed to Coura West African Dance Company. Established in 1975 the practice and performance of West African dance, at San Jose State University, Diamano Coura or “those drum, and culture in African diasporic communities for who bring the message” in the Wolof language, has a more than four decades. vast repertoire reflecting Senegal and Liberia as well as material originating in Mali, Guinea, Côte d’Ivoire, and One of the first native-born Africans to begin teaching the Gambia. They have featured dances of the Wolof, traditional Senegalese dance in the U.S., Zakarya’s Serer, Kpellé, Kru, Vai, Gio, Lorma, Mandingo and Bassa pioneering work in the preservation, presentation, and ethnic groups, just to name a few. The result is a complex transmission of African culture has contributed to the presentation and understanding of Africa through its Bay Area’s reputation as a center for African diaspora diversity of peoples, languages, rituals, beliefs, clothing, dance and music. Before immigrating to the U.S. in and masks. The company has performed both nationally 1969, he led the Mali Dance Ensemble and served as and internationally—including in , the Ivory artistic director of Les Ballet Africaines of Guinea and Coast, Senegal, and Mali—and Zakarya and Naomi’s eight National Ballet of Senegal. In 1969, Zakarya joined the children are actively involved in the company. faculty of Southern University and was invited to dance with the dancer and choreographer Katherine For 28 years, Naomi also taught West African dance Dunham. He later earned a PhD in at Berkeley High School, designing the first public from University of , Berkeley. high school African American Studies Department curriculum in African dance. For her work, she was Naomi Gedo Diouf grew up in Liberia and began dancing acknowledged with proclamations from the Berkeley as a child, learning from dancers of her Grebo ethnic City Council and the Oakland City Council, and received group and Kendeja Cultural Center of the Liberian recognition from the Alameda County Supervisors National Troupe and studying with Liberian dancers Office. Photos © RJ Muna and later with prominent dancers and musicians from other West African nations. She came to Zakarya received an Emmy Award for his part in the Being mesmerized by Coura Thiew in my younger days growing as a high school student as a member of the Youth for musical score of Alex Haley’s Roots “Part I” in 1976, “up in Senegal, surrounded by a diversity of music and dance; Understanding Exchange Program and later returned among his many awards. Among Naomi’s awards is to the U.S., earning a degree in sociology at University the 2019 inaugural Dance USA Fellowship, intended to watching the majestic of California San Diego, an MA in organization recognize dance artists engaged in social change. movements of the men and management, and a California secondary teaching credential. In 1979, she met Zakarya who asked her to By Lily Kharrazi, Alliance for California Traditional Arts women was the join his new dance company. for some of my greatest songs, music, movements and choreographies.” —Zakarya Diouf 12 2020 NATIONAL HERITAGE FELLOWSHIPS NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE ARTS 13 Haudenosaunee Raised Beadworker Karen Ann Hoffman (Oneida Nation of Wisconsin) STEVENS POINT, WI

aren Ann Hoffman has been beading “jardinières”; and a series of large mats, each beaded peace, beauty, and meaning through her with a traditional seasonal story, emerging from small K Haudenosaunee Raised Beadwork since the tourist items like table toppers and more traditional 1990s. Haudenosaunee Raised Beadwork (also known as council mats. Iroquois Raised Beadwork) is unique to the Six Nations of the Haudenosaunee Confederacy, characterized by Hoffman describes her work as being in the Thomas lines of beads that arch above the textile surface for a Hill style: beads raised to a particular height, a select three-dimensional effect, typically sewn onto velvet. color palette, strong connections to the past, best quality Hoffman is a respected national leader in this art, materials, and strictly connected to story. But all of known for reimagining existing forms to expand their those strictures “are the most freeing things about this significance for today and the future. beadwork,” she explained in a phone interview with Anne Pryor. “Because you must always do your best work, Raised by her first teachers—parents Robert and Betty you’re free to be excellent. Because you may never take Ann Messner—as a citizen of the Oneida Nation of a stitch without it having a meaning, you’re free to be Wisconsin, Hoffman grew up in Oshkosh, south of the thoughtful. Because what you do stands for the people, Oneida reservation. As an adult, she settled in Stevens your ego is free from being part of the piece and lets Point, marrying Michael Hoffman (Menominee/Ottawa) you focus on what’s really Iroquois and what’s really with whom she built a Native tradition-centered life. In important.” the 1990s, she learned Haudenosaunee Raised Beadwork from Samuel Thomas and Lorna Hill, Cayuga artists who Retired from a sales career, Hoffman pursues her twin traveled to Wisconsin from Ontario to teach. goals of strengthening Haudenosaunee Raised Beadwork within the Haudenosaunee community and gaining The history of Haudenosaunee Raised Beadwork derives recognition for it more widely. She produces two to three from 19th-century tourism at Niagara Falls. Around large pieces each year, with some in the permanent 1850, Mohawk and Tuscarora beaders developed ornately collections of the Smithsonian National Museum of decorative items to appeal to Victorian tastes, selling the American Indian, the Field Museum, the Iroquois them as souvenirs, or “whimseys.” The aesthetic endured Indian Museum, and the Oneida Nation Museum. She and expanded onto objects for internal community use. teaches and hosts a beading circle at her home. She is Photo by Jim Hoffman’s beading combines these two ways of beading a co-organizer of the annual International Iroquois to create a third: objects that arise from traditional forms Beadwork Conference and has curated multiple exhibits and are infused with Haudenosaunee understandings of work by Native artists. “ The reason the Creator put the but that otherwise are new. Two examples of this are large multi-sided beaded urns, derived from small 16th- By Anne Pryor, folklorist, Madison, Wisconsin Iroquois people on earth is to century Haudenosaunee birchbark seed containers, or foster peace. That is the reason to bead.” —Karen Ann Hoffman

14 2020 NATIONAL HERITAGE FELLOWSHIPS NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE ARTS 15 Traditional Religious Dancers Los Matachines de la Santa Cruz de la Ladrillera LAREDO, TX

os Matachines de la Santa Cruz are a ritual dance The sones have descriptive names—”La encrucijada,” troupe whose origin can be traced back to a “La Cruz,” or “La Malinche y el Viejo.” The music includes L festival on the feast day of the Holy Cross during drum, accordion, and occasionally . At one the Colonial period in Real de Catorce, a mining town in time, a violin was included. Women are involved in Central . In the late 19th century, several miners food preparation—most often brisket or chicken mole, and their families relocated to work in the coal mines although it varies. They also embroider the red vest and on the northern banks of the Rio Grande in a small town nagüilla—a skirt made of two flaps with reed cane strung called Dolores, . When the coal mines closed in with jingle bells that function as noisemakers during the the late 1930s, many of the families moved to Laredo dance. Dancers carry a sonaja (a rattle) and a stylized bow and settled near the brick factory that gave the barrio its and arrow usually made by the men. name, La Ladrillera; they brought with them the fiesta and the group became Los Matachines de la Santa Cruz The group received an apprenticeship grant from Texas de la Ladrillera. They have continuously honored the Folklife Resources in the 1980s. In addition, they have Holy Cross on May 3rd and the Virgen de Guadalupe on participated in the Smithsonian American Folklife December 12th with a blend of Indigenous and European Festival, the Texas Folklife Festival in , and cultural expressions. in numerous local events and private ceremonies. The matachines event involves multiple art forms— The current members of the group are the descendants dancing, music, foodways, and traditional dress of the original mining families who founded Los design and embroidery. As part of the celebration, Matachines more than 100 years ago—Ortiz, Liendo, the matachines dance in procession along the barrio Castillo, Martínez, and others. They continue to teach the streets to the nearby Holy Redeemer Catholic Church younger generations and engage with the general public, and back to the small shrine, where the Holy Cross is explaining the traditions’ origins and sharing their story housed. Typically, the celebration lasts from three to and their faith belief in the Holy Cross. five days depending on when the feast of the Holy Cross By Norma E. Cantú, Murchison Professor in the Humanities, falls. At any one time during the fiesta, up to 50 dancers Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas participate in the strenuous and physically taxing event. They line up in two rows and perform a repertoire of Photo by Norma E. Cantú approximately 12 different sones, or dance tunes. Many vow to dance in memory of someone who has passed away or who is ill. For many it is a lifelong commitment. “The dance itself is prayer.” —Florencio Ortiz (1926–1993)

16 2020 NATIONAL HERITAGE FELLOWSHIPS NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE ARTS 17 Old-time Fiddler and Banjo Player John Morris IVYDALE, WV

n acclaimed fiddler, banjo player, guitarist, old-time music festivals across the state and region, songwriter, and lifelong resident of Clay including the Morris Family Old-Time Music Festival A County, West Virginia, John Morris is the at their family home place. That festival model, located living carrier of the old-time and banjo in the rural areas where the tradition and its tradition particular to his rural home county and the practitioners lived and which encouraged sharing surrounding area. between locals and outsiders, young and old, became the gold standard for a community-based traditional music Morris grew up just outside Ivydale, West Virginia—in festival in Appalachia. an area once known as “Kidtown”—into a musical family of farmers and teachers. He first started playing music Morris has taught fiddle and banjo at the traditional around age seven, learning banjo from his music camp Allegheny Echoes, the Augusta Heritage grandfather Amos Morris, and guitar from his mother Center, Dwight Diller’s Yew Pine Mountain Retreats, Anna Hill Morris. When he was ten, esteemed Clay and the 4-H Mountain Heritage Weekends. He has been County fiddler French Carpenter gave him his start on recognized by the West Virginia Music Hall of Fame (as the fiddle. Morris also studied with Clay County fiddlers the Morris Brothers, following David’s passing in 2016), Wilson Douglas, Ira Mullins, Lee Triplett, and Doc at countless fiddler’s conventions, and was the 2015 White, among others. In 1965, John and his brother recipient of the West Virginia Heritage Fiddler Award. David (singer, songwriter, and guitarist) formed their band, the Morris Brothers. In 2018, Morris was a master artist in the West Virginia Folklife Apprenticeship Program, leading In 1968, the Morris bothers became interested in labor an apprenticeship in old-time fiddle and Clay County rights, leading to them offering their music to Joseph with Jen Iskow. He regularly invites young A. “Jock” Yablonski’s campaign for president of the people to his home to play, learn, and share stories. United Mine Workers of America (UMWA). As they Morris continues to play a crucial role in sustaining and traveled across the region and country with the UMWA promoting West Virginia traditional music and is one into the next decade, they shared their original and of the few fiddlers to continue an older regional style, traditional songs performed in the Clay County style. infusing his playing with all the sounds of Clay County— John and David saw traditional mountain culture as a its environment, its history, and its people. Photo by Michael Keller source of empowerment for Appalachian people in their struggle against exploitation by the mining industry. By Emily Hilliard, West Virginia State Folklorist, West Virginia Humanities Council That connection was recognized by Barbara Kopple, who “Music is my pipeline featured the Morris Brothers’ music in her Academy Award-winning documentary Harlan County, USA, back to the past. Most music has a story behind it…It’s just as important to have a supported by the National Endowment for the Arts. musical history as it is to have a written history. A lot of small community histories are In the late ’60s and early ’70s, John and David hosted never written down. Every time the fiddlers got together in a group, they played the tune and the event was remembered. It would be a group history lesson.” —John Morris

18 2020 NATIONAL HERITAGE FELLOWSHIPS NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE ARTS 19 Nueva Canción Singer and Songwriter Suni Paz HENDERSON, NV

uni Paz was one of the first artists to bring Paz’s instruments include the Spanish guitar, the nueva canción tradition—the “new ” the Andean charango, the Colombian caja, the Smusic of the 1960s and 1970s—to North American Argentinian bombo legüero, Caribbean guiro, and audiences. For more than half of a century, her work maracas. She has recorded more than 500 songs for as an American songwriter and performer of Latin children and performed alongside American icons such American has resonated as a cultural force, as Arlo Guthrie, , , Don McClean, engaging people of all backgrounds and ages. and , to name a few, and at Madison Square Garden with El Grupo. Her passion for music was passed Born with the name Elsa Calandrelli Solá, she was raised to sons Juan Cruz Fernandez and Ramiro Fauve. Fauve in Buenos Aires, Argentina, by a family with Italian produced her Bandera Mía album and has co-written and Catalonian roots, all lovers of music and art. By dozens of songs with her as well as having performed her teens, she was already singing, writing, and playing with her on stage since the age of seven, carrying on the guitar. Her skills were honed at peñas folklóricas—spirited folk tradition in his own work. social and dance gatherings. Atahualpa Yupanqui, an Argentinian legend, championed the music of A 1985 project to create a Spanish-language reading indigenous people and fueled her passion for música con curriculum led to decades of collaboration with conciencia or “music with a conscience.” renowned authors Alma Flor Ada and Francisca Isabel Campoy (Del Sol Books). “Suni’s gifted voice and When she came to California in 1965, she chose the exquisite performance reaches all, from young children stage name “Suni Paz,” which means “everlasting to adults,” wrote Ada. “Her life has been a determined peace” in the Quechua language of the Andes. After commitment to support the development of a positive earning her master’s degree, she wrote a curriculum identity in all Latino youth.” for teaching Latin American culture through songs, stories, and dances, and began performing in schools. Paz has received many honors, including the CMN She sang at United Farm Workers Union rallies and was Magic Penny Award, the National Culture Through the heard in 1980 on the first broadcasts of Radio Bilingüe. Arts Award from New York State Association of Foreign She performed at folk music concerts both nationally Language Teachers, the National Federation of Local and internationally. In 1973, she recorded her first Cable TV Programming Award, and successive ASCAP Photo by Ramiro Fauve album, Brotando Del Silencio/Breaking Out of the Silence, Plus Awards. In 2017, Paz’s autobiography, Destellos, was on Paredón Records, accompanied by her son, Ramiro recognized by the International Latino Book Awards. “ The work of poets and singers is Fauve. Twenty-two albums followed, including 11 on Smithsonian Folkways. Since 1976, she recorded and By Rebecca Snetselaar, Folklife Specialist, Nevada Arts Council like the wind. performed with cellist Martha Siegel, and recently with One may choose to blow sand in the eyes of the people, blinding them to reality—or Elizabeth Mitchell and Lisa S. Garrison. one may scatter seeds of consciousness that help to nurture in the peoples hearts a passion for justice. I promised myself to sow the knowledge of our true history through poems and songs, that history which is being written daily by our people...” —Suni Paz (from the liner notes of Brotando Del Silencio/Breaking Out of the Silence, released by Paredón Records, 1973)

20 2020 NATIONAL HERITAGE FELLOWSHIPS NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE ARTS 21 Birchbark Canoe Builder Wayne Valliere (Lac du Flambeau Ojibwe) WAASWAAGANING (LAC DU FLAMBEAU), WI

irchbark canoes are considered an apex of process natural materials for the canoe: thick, pliable Anishinaabe culture—aesthetically beautiful birchbark for the hull; straight-grained cedar for ribs Bobjects that for centuries represented one of and sheathing; spruce roots for stitching and lashings; the most sophisticated inland watercrafts in the world. and pine pitch, which is mixed with oak ash and deer Mino-Giizhig (Wayne Valliere) is one of only a handful tallow to tar the stitching. of Native birchbark canoe builders today in the United States, and he has dedicated his life to carrying his In older times, birchbark canoes were used for culture forward through traditional arts. transportation, fishing, harvesting wild rice, and hunting. Canoes still are used in these ways. They are Born with a white streak in his hair, it was said Valliere a way of life, and they represent a way of perceiving the would be an elder before his time. According to Valliere’s world for Anishinaabe people. In the Ojibwe language, grandmother, it signified that a “spirit of an old Indian” for example, the words for the bow and stern of a canoe— went into Valliere. niigaan jiimaan and ishkweyaan jiimaan—also refer to the notions of the future and the past, conceiving of one’s From a young age, Valliere took a great interest in passage through life as a journey by canoe. Anishinaabe culture. In high school, he learned to paint scenes of traditional Ojibwe life. Over time, Valliere, who works as an Ojibwe language and culture he became increasingly interested in producing the teacher at the Lac du Flambeau Public School, has been traditional arts that he was depicting in his paintings. actively working with apprentices and other Native He spoke with elders, like Joe Chosa, Marvin DeFoe, communities to help keep this important art alive. He and Ojaanimigiizhig, to learn to construct the crafts he was recognized for this work in 2015 with the Jennifer painted. Later, he began studying ethnographies and Easton Community Spirit Award from the First Peoples working with historical artifacts to reverse-engineer Fund, and a 2017 Mentor Artist Fellowship from Native historical technologies and crafts. Arts & Cultures Foundation. From the ceremonial harvest of birchbark and sacred cedar to the creative Valliere has a vast artistic repertoire: beadwork, and innovative modifications to the process of their quillwork, regalia, drums, basketry, pipes, lodges, construction, these canoes carry culture and traditional weaponry, hunting tools, and more. He is a respected knowledge. They carry identity and worldview. They Photo by Tim Frandy singer and storyteller. But of all these talents, he is best carry the future of the Anishinaabe people. Everywhere the Anishinaabe went known as a birchbark canoe builder, a craft he learned “in this area, they went bywiigwaasi- It’s my dream that we carry alongside his brother Leon. By Tim Frandy, Western University jiimaan…. At one time, everybody in our community knew how to that forward into the next Because of the craft’s complexity, it takes years to learn build these birchbark canoes. generations, and keep this to independently build a canoe. One must have a deep understanding of the forest to locate, harvest, and craft and part of our identity alive for future generations to come.” —Wayne Valliere 22 2020 NATIONAL HERITAGE FELLOWSHIPS NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE ARTS 23 Radio Producer & Network Builder he Bess Lomax Hawes National Heritage Fellowship honors T “keepers of tradition” who Hugo N. Morales through their efforts as organizers, educators, producers, cultural FRESNO, CA advocates, or caretakers of skills and repertoires have had a major THE 2020 BESS LOMAX HAWES beneficial effect on the traditional AWARD arts of the United States. A member of the Lomax family of pioneering American folklorists, Bess Lomax ultural heritage and radio shaped the With law degree in hand, Morales returned to California Hawes (1921–2009) committed her life extraordinary life of Hugo Morales, recipient of in 1975 to co-found nonprofit Radio Bilingüe, which to the documentation and presentation the 2020 Bess Lomax Hawes National Heritage in 1980 became the first Latino-controlled full-power C of American folk artists. She served as Fellowship, for his lifetime of work opening spaces for FM radio station to serve the San Joaquín Valley. Based Latino voices in media. on “honest” culture by and for the people—and with its an educator both inside the classroom multiplicity of sounds, multilingual voices, and values— and beyond, and nurtured the field of The Moraleses were indigenous Oaxacan farmworkers, Radio Bilingüe itself became the trusted voice public through her service at Mixtecs who migrated in the to Healdsburg, of community. the National Endowment for the Arts. California, to pick prunes. Hugo Morales’ violinist father During her tenure as director of the played in a Mexican indigenous farmworker banda and Today, Radio Bilingüe is the leading Latino public radio NEA Folk Arts Program (1977–1993) always told his children around the dinner table to be network and content producer in U.S. public media, an infrastructure of state folklorists proud of who they were. Corridos in Spanish blared every with 24 stations and 75-plus affiliates serving more was put in place, statewide folk arts weekend across the labor camp that was their home. than a half million listeners weekly. It is a curator apprenticeship programs were Morales saw how music was essential to people’s well- of Latino culture through series like Línea initiated, and the National Heritage being and strength as a community. Abierta and Raíces: Art Moments on Radio and major festivals of mariachi and Norteño-Tejano music, with Fellowships were created. In 1993 she He credits a bout with tuberculosis in the seventh grade teaching workshops for youth. received the for as transformative. While isolated for months, he read her many contributions in assisting extensively and gained new perspectives. He listened Staff and volunteer announcers—Latino, indigenous, folk artists nationwide and in bringing to radio news and knew that people of color and their and multiethnic—host musical programs like La Hora folk artistry to the attention of the concerns were absent. Mixteca, Mañanitas con Mariachi, Arriba el Norte, Música public. Folklórica, Son del Caribe, and new-generation folk- Radio further captured his imagination when his brother rooted and crossover genres. Cándido launched a local radio show featuring beloved Mexican música. Morales saw how the show deeply Morales’ public service earned him a MacArthur moved friends and neighbors, including his brother’s Foundation Fellowship, the Corporation for Public proud use of Spanish over the air. Broadcasting’s Edward R. Murrow Award, the Lannan Foundation’s Cultural Freedom prize, two honorary In high school, Morales excelled, winning scholarships Photo courtesy of Radio Bilingüe doctorates, and more. to Harvard College and Harvard Law School. He returned “ I have been blessed with the opportunity to learn home every summer to work with his family. “Much He said, “It’s critical for people to help themselves by about radio as a community medium to attract more than getting prunes into those buckets, living that sharing opinions and cultural experiences. That’s what I life helped me understand poverty and all the cultures heard in the fields. We put it on the radio.” thousands of Latino volunteers and staff who live around us in the fields,” he said in a phone interview the diversity of Latino folk art and music. with Dan Sheehy. “Mexican, but also Filipino, Punjabi, By Daniel Sheehy, Ph.D., Director & Curator Emeritus, Smithsonian Folkways Recordings, 2015 Bess Lomax Hawes They then project their own voices and those of thousands more traditional a and Native American—it gave me a strong feeling for the National Heritage Fellow rtists on the radio both for listeners who themselves feel strongly connected to power of traditional arts.” the traditions and for new audiences to appreciate.” —Hugo Morales

24 2020 NATIONAL HERITAGE FELLOWSHIPS NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE ARTS 25 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS FILM CREDITS

NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE ARTS NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR THE TRADITIONAL ARTS THE CULTURE OF AMERICA Ann Eilers, Acting Chairman Lora Bottinelli, Executive Director A Cross-Country Visit with the National Endowment Ra Joy, Chief of Staff Julia Olin, Artistic Director, Director of Special for the Arts National Heritage Fellows Jennifer Chang, White House Liaison and Senior Projects & Initiatives Advisor to the Chief of Staff Madeleine Remez, Senior Associate Director Produced by Onnik Dinkjian Sonia Chala Tower, Director of Strategic Blaine Waide, Associate Director Hypothetical Director: Marie Hinson Director of Photography: Melissa Langer Communications and Public Affairs James Lightner, Finance Director Director: Olivia Loomis Merrion Ayanna Hudson, Acting Deputy Chairman for Producers: Elivia Shaw and Olivia Loomis Merrion Hugo N. Morales CJ Holroyd, Program Services Manager Director: Elivia Shaw Programs & Partnerships Co-Producer: John Picklap Director of Photography: Olivia Loomis Merrion April Goltz, Programming Manager In Association With National Heritage Fellowships Production Staff The National Council for the Traditional Arts Suni Paz Abigail Hobart, Logistics & Administrative Specialist Director/Director of Photography: Olivia Loomis Merrion for Second Camera: Elivia Shaw Clifford Murphy, Folk & Traditional Arts Director Amy Mills, Festival Systems Director The National Endowment for the Arts Cheryl T. Schiele, Folk & Traditional Arts Specialist Colleen Arnerich, Production Manager Zakarya and Naomi Diouf Host: Karen “Queen Nur” Abdul-Malik Director: Olivia Loomis Merrion Clifton Archuleta, Audiovisual Production Specialist Dudley Connell, Audio Archivist Director of Photography: John Picklap Executive Producer: Clifford Murphy Second Camera: Elivia Shaw Elizabeth Auclair, Public Affairs Specialist Julia Gutiérrez-Rivera, Community Engagement Supervising Producer: Cheryl T. Schiele Performance filmed at Flying Studios in Oakland, CA Coordinator Coordinating Producer: Madeleine Remez Don Ball, Assistant Director - Publications Karen Ann Hoffman Brooks Long, Living Traditions Network Specialist Additional production assistance provided by Director: Olivia Loomis Merrion Paulette Beete, Social Media Manager Clifton Archuleta, Elizabeth Auclair, Don Ball, Director of Photography: Jake Zalutsky Amy Millin, Development Specialist Allison Hill, Victoria Hutter, Josephine Reed Daniel Fishman, Asst. General Counsel Los Matachines de la Santa Cruz de la Ladrillera Editors: Olivia Loomis Merrion, Elivia Shaw, Director: Paloma Martinez Christine Gant, Advisor to the Director of Event Founded in 1933, the National Council for the Traditional Arts Director of Photography: Corbett Jones Management & Development (NCTA) is the nation’s oldest folk arts organization. The NCTA Lorena Alvarado, Omri Shir, Rose Kang Production Sound Mixer: Martin Pedersen presents the nation’s finest traditional artists to the public in Assistant Editor: Talia St. Clair Mike Griffin, Senior Advisor festivals, national and international tours, concerts, radio and Archival Producer: Emmy Scharlatt William Bell television programs, films, recordings and other programs. Director/Director of Photography: Joel Adrian Allison Hill, Public Affairs Specialist For over 30 years, the NCTA has worked with the National Re-Recording Mixer/Sound Designer: Second Camera/Gaffer/Drone Footage: Kristian Melom Matthew Tammariello, Roast n’ Post (Oakland, CA) Field Producer: Sissie Lang Victoria Hutter, Assistant Director - Press Endowment for the Arts on a consulting basis to manage and coordinate the National Heritage Fellowships activities honoring Colorist: Sean Wells, Roast n’ Post (Oakland, CA) William Bell Performance Crew Director: J. Nance David Low, Web Manager the Fellowship recipients. Director of Photography: Juan Londono William Mansfield, Folk & Traditional Arts Specialist B Cam Op: David Haynes II ON-SITE CREWS C Cam Op: Fernando Flores Rachel McKean, Asst. Grants Management Specialist Special thanks to Norma Cantu, Emily Hilliard, On My Time TV Barbara Harmon-Schamberger, Tom Pich Wayne (Mino-Giihzig) Valliere Sound Engineer: Samuel Haygood Josephine Reed, Media Producer Director: Olivia Loomis Merrion Lighting Tech: Leroy Lovelace, Jr. Director of Photography: Jake Zalutsky Program and promotional material designed by A/V Tech: Lauren Whittaker Kelli Rogowski, Visual Information Specialist Field Producer: Carol Ann Amour Stage Manager: Harry Nixon Fletcher Design, Inc./Washington, DC Production Manager: Rod Whittaker Erin Waylor, Division Coordinator John Morris Performance filmed at Encore Film and Music Studio in Director/Director of Photography/Drone Footage: Mark E. Trent Atlanta, GA Interviewer: Emily Hilliard Second Camera: Chris McMillion Queen Nur Director/Director of Photography: Alex Pritz, Will Miller

26 2020 NATIONAL HERITAGE FELLOWSHIPS NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE ARTS 27 NATIONAL HERITAGE FELLOWS, 1982–1989

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 * Sister Mildred Barker * * Eppie Archuleta * Alphonse “Bois Sec” Juan Alindato * Pedro Ayala * John Cephas * Cajun Fiddler Shaker Singer Creole Accordionist Hispanic Weaver Ardoin * Carnival Maskmaker Mexican-American Accordionist Piedmont Blues Guitarist/Singer Basile, LA Spring, ME Lafayette, LA San Luis Valley, CO Creole Accordionist Ponce, PR Donna, TX Woodford, VA Eunice, LA Joe Heaney * Rafael Cepeda * Bertha Cook * Periklis Halkias * Louis Bashell * Kepka Belton Fairfield Four Irish Singer Bomba Musician/Dancer Knotted Bedspread Maker Greek Clarinetist Earnest Bennett * Slovenian Accordionist Czech-American Egg Painter African-American a Capelle , NY Santurce, PR Boone, NC Astoria Queens, NY Anglo-American Whittler Greenfield,WI Ellsworth, KS Gospel Singers Indianapolis, IN Nashville, TN Tommy Jarrell * Ray Hicks * Joseph Cormier * Jimmy Jausoro * Genoveva Castellanoz Amber Densmore * Appalachian Fiddler Appalachian Storyteller Cape Breton Violinist Basque Accordionist Helen Cordero * Mexican-American Corona Maker New Quilter/Needleworker José Gutiérrez Mt. Airy, NC Banner Elk, NC Waltham, MA Boise, ID Pueblo Potter Nyssa, OR Chelsea, VT Mexican Jarocho Musician/Singer Cochiti, NM Norwalk, CA Bessie Jones * Stanley Hicks * * Mealii Kalama * Thomas Edison Michael Flatley Georgia Sea Island Singer Appalachian Musician/ African-American Singer/Songster Hawaiian Quilter Sonia Domsch “Brownie” Ford * Irish-American Stepdancer Richard Avedis Hagopian Brunswick, GA Storyteller/Instrument Maker Syracuse, NY Honolulu, HI Czech-American Bobbin Lace Maker Anglo-Comanche Cowboy Palos Park, IL Armenian Player Vilas, NC Atwood, KS Singer/Storyteller Visalia, CA George Lopez * Burlon Craig * Lily May Ledford * Herbert, LA Sister Rosalia Haberl * Santos Woodcarver * Potter Appalachian Musician/Singer * German-American Bobbin Christy Hengel * Cordova, NM Blues Guitarist/Singer Vale, NC Lexington, KY Creole Fiddler Kansuma Fujima Lace Maker German-American Maker , CA Welsh, La Japanese-American Dancer Hankinson, ND New Ulm, MN Brownie McGhee * Albert Fahlbusch * Leif Melgaard * Los Angeles, CA Blues Guitarist/Singer Mike Manteo * Player/Builder Norwegian Woodcarver John Jackson * John Dee Holeman Vanessa Paukeigope Oakland, CA Sicilian Marionettist Scottsbluff, NE Minneapolis, MN Black Songster/Guitarist Claude Joseph Johnson * African-American Musician/Dancer/ Jennings Staten Island, NY Fairfax Station, VA African-American Religious Singer Kiowa Regalia Maker Durham, NC Hugh McGraw * Janie Hunter * Bua Xou Mua * Singer/Orator Fort Cobb, OK Shape Note Singer Narciso Martinez * African-American Singer/Storyteller Hmong Musician Peou Khatna * Atlanta, GA Bremen, GA Texas-Mexican Accordionist/ Johns Island, SC Portland, OR Cambodian Court Dancer/ Albert “Sunnyland Slim” Ilias Kementzides * Composer Choreographer Raymond Kane * Laundrew * Pontic Greek Lyra Player San Benito, TX Lydia Mendoza * Mary Jane Manigault * Julio Negrón-Rivera * Silver Spring, MD Hawaiian Slack Key Guitarist/Singer Blues Pianist/Singer and Builder Mexican-American Singer African-American Seagrass Puerto Rican Instrument Maker Wai’ane, HI , IL South Norwalk, CT San Antonio, TX Lanier Meaders * Basketmaker Morovis, PR Valerio Longoria * Potter Mt. Pleasant, SC Mexican-American Accordionist * Yang Fang Nhu * Ethel Kvalheim * Bill Monroe * Cleveland, GA Alice New Holy San Antonio, TX Appalachian Banjo Picker/Singer Hmong Weaver/Embroiderer Norwegian Rosemaler Bluegrass Musician Genevieve Mougin * Blue Legs * Flint, MI Detroit, MI Stoughton, WI Nashville, TN Almeda Riddle * Lebanese-American Lace Maker Lakota Sioux Quill Artist Doc Tate Nevaquaya * Ballad Singer Bettendorf, IA Rapid City, SD Comanche Indian Flutist Sylvester McIntosh * Kenny Sidle Mabel E. Murphy * Elijah Pierce * Greers Ferry, AR Apache, OK Crucian Singer/Bandleader Anglo-American Fiddler Anglo-American Quilter Carver/Painter Martin Mulvihill * Glenn Ohrlin * St. Croix, VI Newark, OH Fulton, MO Columbus, OH Joe Shannon * Cowboy Singer/Storyteller/Illustrator Luis Ortega * Irish Piper Irish-American Fiddler Bronx, NY Mountain Veiw, AR Hispanic-American Rawhide Worker Allison “Tootie” Montana * Willi Mae Ford Smith * LaVaughn E. Robinson * Adam Popovich * Chicago, IL Paradise, CA Mardi Gras Chief/Costume Maker African-American Gospel Singer African-American Tap Dancer Tamburitza Musician Howard “Sandman” Sims * Henry Townsend * , LA St. Louis, MO , PA Dolton, IL Simon St. Pierre Blues Musicain/Songwriter Ola Belle Reed * French-American Fiddler African-American Tap Dancer New York, NY St. Louis, MO Appalachian Banjo Picker/Singer Alex Moore, Sr. * Clyde “Kindy” Sproat * * Georgeann Robinson * Smyrna Mills, ME Rising Sun, MD African-American Blues Pianist Hawaiian Cowboy Singer/Ukulele Bluegrass Banjo Player Osage Ribbonworker Horace “Spoons” Dallas, TX Player Nashville, TN Bartelsville, OK Alex Stewart * Ralph Stanley * Kapaaee, HI Bluegrass Banjo Player/ Williams * Jennie Thlunaut * Cooper/Woodworker Tlingit Chilkat Blanket Weaver Emilio & Senaida Romero * Harry V. Shourds * Sneedville, TN Appalachian Singer Percussionist/ Poet Duff Severe * Coeburn, VA Philadelphia, PA Haines, AK Hispanic-American Tin and Arthel “Doc” Watson * Wildfowl Decoy Carver Saddle Maker Embroidery Workers Appalachian Guitarist/Singer Seaville, NJ Ada Thomas * Santa Fe, NM Deep Gap, NC Pendleton, OR Margaret Tafoya * Nimrod Workman * Chitimacha Basketmaker Appalachian Ballad Singer Chesley Goseyun Wilson Charenton, LA Santa Clara Pueblo Potter Philip Simmons * Espanola, NM Macot, & Chattaroy, TN/WV Newton Washburn * Apache Fiddle Maker Ornamental Ironwork Split Ash Basketmaker Tucson, AZ Charleston, SC Lucinda Toomer * Bethlehem, NH African-American Quilter Dave Tarras * Columbus, GA Clarinetist Sanders “Sonny” Terry * Brooklyn, NY Blues Harmonica/Singer Holliswood, NY Lem Ward * Decoy Carver/Painter Paul Tiulana * Crisfield,MD Eskimo Mask Maker/Dancer/Singer Anchorage, AK Dewey Williams * * Deceased Shape Note Singer Cleofas Vigil * Ozark, AL Hispanic Storyteller/Singer San Cristobal, NM

Emily Kau’i Zuttermeister * Hula Master (Kumu Hula) 28 2020 NATIONAL HERITAGE FELLOWSHIPS Kaneohe, Hi NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE ARTS 29 NATIONAL HERITAGE FELLOWS, 1990–1997

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 Howard Armstrong * Etta Baker * Francisco Aguabella * Santiago Almeida * Liz Carroll Bao Mo-Li * Edward Babb * African-American String African-American Guitarist Afro-Cuban Drummer Texas-Mexican Conjunto Musician Irish-American Fiddler Chinese-American Jing-Erhu Player African (Ghanaian) Master Drummer/ “Shout” Band Gospel Trombonist & Band Musican Morgantown, NC Los Angeles, CA Sunnyside, WA Mundelein, IL Flushing, NY Leader Band Leader , MA Portland, OR Jamaica, NY George Blake * Kenny Baker * Clarence Fountain * & The Mary Holiday Black Em Bun * Native American Craftsman Potter (southern stoneware tradition) Bluegrass Fiddler Blind Boys of Navajo Basketmaker Betty Pisio Christenson * * Cambodian Silk Weaver (Hupa-Yurok) Hamilton, AL Cottontown, TN African-American Mexican Hat, UT Ukranian-American Pysanky Pianist & Composer Harrisburg, PA Hoopa Valley, CA Gospel Singers Suring, WI Berkeley, CA Walker Calhoun * Inez Catalon * Atlanta, GA Lyman Enloe * Natividad Cano * Jack Coen * Cherokee Musican/Dancer/Teacher French Creole Singer Old-Time Fiddler Paul Dahlin Gladys Leblanc Clark * Mexican-American Mariachi Musican Irish-American Flautist Cherokee, NC Kaplan, LA Mary Mitchell Gabriel * Lee’s Summit, MO Swedish-American Fiddler Acadian (Cajun) Spinner & Weaver Fillmore, CA Bronx, NY Native American (Passamaquoddy) Minneapolis, MN Duson, LA Clyde Davenport * Elena & Nicholas Charles * Basketmaker Donny Golden Giuseppe * and Rose Frank * Appalachian Fiddler Yupik Woodcaver/Maskmaker/ Princeton, ME Irish-American Step Dancer Juan Gutiérrez Georgia Harris * Raffaela DeFranco Nez Perce Cornhusk Weaver Jamestown, TN Skin Sewer Brooklyn, NY Puerto Rican Drummer/Leader Catawba Potter Southern Italian Musicians and Lapwai, ID Bethel, AK * (Bomba and Plena) Atlanta, GA Dancers Belle Deacon * Western Swing Fiddler Wayne Henderson New York, NY Belleville, NJ Eduardo “Lalo” Guerrero * Athabascan Basketmaker Charles Hankins * Dripping Springs, TX Appalachian Luthier, Musician Wen-Yi Hua Mexican-American Singer/Guitarist/ Greyling, AK Boatbuilder Mouth of Wilson, VA Solomon * & Richard * Chinese Kunqu Opera Singer Maude Kegg * Composer Lavallette, NJ Frances Varos Graves * Ho’opii Arcadia, CA Ojibwe Storyteller/Craftsperson/ Cathedral City, CA Nora Ezell * Hispanic American “Colcha” Bea Ellis Hensley * Hawaiian Falsetto Singers/Musicians Tradition Bearer African-American Quilter Nalani Kanaka’ole & Pualani Embroidery Appalachian Blacksmith Makawao, HI Ali Akbar Khan * Onamia, MN Khamvong Insixiengmai Five Points, TN Kanaka’ole Kanahele Rancho De Taos, NM Spruce Pine, NC North Indian Sarod Player Southeast Asian Lao Singer Hula Masters Will Keys * & Raga Composer Kevin Locke Fresno, CA Gerald Hawpetoss * Hilo, HI Violet Hilbert * Nathan Jackson Anglo-American Banjo Player San Anselmo, CA Lakota Player/Singer/ Menominee/Potowatomie Native American (Skagit) Storyteller/ Tlingit Alaskan Woodcaver/ Gray, TN Dancer/Storyteller Don King * Regalia Maker Everett Kapayou * Conservator Metalsmith/Dancer Ramón José López Wakpala, SD Western Saddlemaker Neopit, WI Native American Singer (Meskwaki) Ca Conner, WA Ketchikan, AK Joaquin Lujan * Santero & Metalsmith Sheridan, WY Tama, IA Chamorro Blacksmith Santa Fe, NM Marie McDonald * Fatima Kuinova Sosie Shizuye Danongan Kalanduyan * GMF, GU Hawaiian Lei Maker Riley “B.B.” King * Bukharan Jewish Singer McIntosh County Shouters Matsumoto * Filipino-American Kulintang Musician Jim* & Jesse McReynolds Kamuela, HI African-American Blues Musician/ Rego Park, NY African-American Spiritual/ Japanese Tea Ceremony Master South San Francisco, CA Eva McAdams Bluegrass Musician Singer/bandleader Shout Ensemble Los Angeles, CA Shoshone Crafts/Beadwork Gallatin, TN Wallace McRae Itta Bena, MS John Yoshio Naka * St. Simons Island, GA Robert Jr. Lockwood * Fort Washakie, WY Cowboy Poet Bonsai Sculptor D.l. Menard * African-American Delta Blues Singer/ Phong Nguyen Forsyth, MT Esther Littlefield * Whittier, CA Elmer Miller * Cajun Musician/Songwriter Guitarist John Mealing & Cornelius Vietnamese Musician/Scholar Alaskan Regalia Maker (Tlingit) Bit and Spur Maker/Silversmith Erath, LA Cleveland, OH Kent, OH Sitka, AK Wright, Jr. * Art Moilanen * Nampa, ID African-American Work Songs Finnish Accordionist Cajun Accordion Player/Builder Simon Shaheen Israel “Cachao” López * Birmingham, AL Hystercine Rankin * Mass City, MI Seisho “Harry” Nakasone * Eunice, LA Jack Owens * Arab American Oud Player Afro-Cuban Bassist, Composer, and African-American Quilter Okinawan-American Musician Blues Singer/Guitarist Brooklyn, NY Bandleader Lorman, MS Honolulu, HI Miami, FL Vernon Owens Emilio Rosado * Ng Sheung-Chi * Bentonia, MS Anglo-American Potter Woodcarver Chinese Toissan Muk’yu Folk Singer Lily Vorperian Seagrove, NC Francis Whitaker * Utado, PR Irvan Perez * New York, NY Mone & Vanxay Armenian (Marash-Style) Embroidery Nellie Star Boy Menard * Blacksmith/Ornamental Isleno Singer (Canary Islands) Glendale, CA Lakota Sioux Quiltmaker Iron Work Poydras, LA Saenphimmachak Rosebud, SD Dolly Spencer * Carbondale, CO Robert Spicer * Othar Turner * Lao Weaver/Needleworker Inupiat Dollmaker Flatfoot and Buckdancer Dancer African-American Player and Loom Maker Elder Roma Wilson * Homer, AK Dickson, TN Morgan Sexton * Senatobia, MS St. Louis, MO African-American Harmonica Player Buck Ramsey * Appalachian Banjo Player/Singer Oxford, MS Anglo-American Cowboy Poet, Singer Linefork, KY Amarillo, TX Douglas Wallin * Tanjore Viswanathan * Liang-Xing Tang Applachian Ballad Singer South Indian Flute Maker Chinese-American Pipa (Lute) Player Marshall, NC Nikitas Tsimouris * Middletown, CT Bayside, NY Greek-American Bagpipe Player Tarpon Springs, FL

Gussie Wells * African-American Quilter Oakland, CA

Arbie Williams * African-American Quilter Oakland, CA

* Deceased Melvin Wine * Appalachian Fiddler Copen, WV

30 2020 NATIONAL HERITAGE FELLOWSHIPS NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE ARTS 31 NATIONAL HERITAGE FELLOWS, 1998–2005

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Apsara Ensemble Frisner Augustin * Bounxou Chanthraphone Celestino Avilés * Ralph Blizard * Basque “Bertsolari” Poets Anjani Ambegaokar Herminia Albarrán Romero Cambodian Musicians & Dancers Haitian Drummer Lao Weaver, Embroiderer Santero Old-Time Fiddler Kathak Dancer Paper-Cutting Artist Fort Washington, MD New York, NY Brookland Park, MN Orocovis, PR Blountville, TN Jesus Arriada Diamond , CA San Francisco, CA San Francisco, CA Eddie Blazonczyk * Lila Greengrass Blackdeer Dixie Hummingbirds * Mozell Benson * Loren Bommelyn Johnny Curutchet Charles “Chuck” T. Campbell Eldrid Skjold Arntzen Polish Musician/Bandleader Hocak Black Ash Basketmaker, African-American Gospel Quartet African-American Quilter Tolowa Singer, Tradition Bearer, South San Francisco, CA Gospel Steel Guitarist Norwegian-American Rosemaler Bridgeview, IL Needleworker Philadelphia, PA Opelika, AL Basketmaker Rochester, NY Watertown, CT Black River Falls, WI Crescent City, CA Martin Goicoechea Rock Springs, WY Bruce Caesar Felipe García Villamil Wilson “Boozoo” Chavis * Joe Derrane * Earl Barthé * Sac Fox-Pawnee German Silversmith Afro-Cuban Drummer/Santero Accordionist Kevin Burke Jesus Goni Irish-American Button Accordionist Decorative Building Craftsman Anadarko, OK Gospel Singer Los Angeles, CA Lake Charles, LA Irish Fiddler Reno, NV Randolph, MA New Orleans, LA Durham, NC Portland, OR Dale Calhoun * José González * Hazel Dickens * Rosa Elene Egipciaco Jerry Douglas Chuck Brown * Boatbuilder (Reelfoot Lake Alfredo Campos Puerto Rican Hammock Weaver Appalachian Singer Francis & Rose Cree * Puerto Rican Bobbin Lace “Mundillo” Dobro Player African-American Stumpjumper) Horeshair Hitcher San Sebastián, PR Washington, DC Ojibwa Basketmakers/Storytellers New York, NY Nashville, TN Musical Innovator Tiptonville, TN Federal Way, WA Dunseith, ND Brandywine, MD Nettie Jackson Evalena Henry Agnes Oshanee Kenmille * Gerald Subiyay Miller * Antonio De La Rosa * Mary Louise Defender Klickitat Basketmaker Apache Basketweaver / Salish Beadwork and Tanning Skokomish Tradition Bearer Janette Carter * Tejano Conjunto Accordionist Wilson White Swan, WA Peridot, AZ Edwin Duhon * Ronan, MT Shelton, WA (Bess Lomax Hawes Award) Riviera, TX Dakota Hidatsa Traditionalist Cajun Fiddler and Accordionist Appalachian Musician, Advocate and Storyteller Santiago Jiménez, Jr Peter Kyvelos * Sulphur/Westlake, LA Norman Kennedy Milan Opacich * Hiltons, VA Epstein Brothers Shields, ND Tex-Mex Accordionist/Singer Oud Builder Weaver/Ballad Singer Tamburitza Instrument Maker Klezmer Musicians San Antonio, TX Bedford, MA Nadim Dlaikan Marshfield,VT Schererville, IN Sarasota, FL Jimmy “Slyde” Godbolt * Lebanese Nye (Reed Flute) Player Cajun Fiddler, Composer, African-American Tap Dancer Genoa Keawe * João “João Grande” Olivera Southgate, MI Roberto * & Lorenzo Eliseo & Paula Rodriguez * and Band Leader Lafayette, LA Sophia George Hanson, MA Hawaiian Tto Singer/ Dos Santos Martinez Straw Applique Artists Yakima Colville Beadwork Ukulele Player Capoeira Angola Master David “Honeyboy” Hispanic Guitarist & Violinist Santa Fe, NM and Regalia Ulysses “Uly” Goode * Honolulu, HI New York, NY Albuquerque, NM Jerry Grcevich Gresham, OR Edwards * Tamburitza Musician, Western Mono Basketmaker Delta Blues Guitarist/Singer * North Fork, CA Frankie Manning * Blues Musician Prim Player Eddie Pennington Chicago, IL Norma Miller * North Huntingdon, PA Nadjeschda Overgaard * Lindy Hop Dancer Choreographer/ Thumbpicking Style Guitarist African-American Jazz Dancer, Country Club Hills, IL Danish Hardanger Embroidery Innovator Bob Holt * Princeton, KY Flory Jagoda * Choreographer Kimballton, IA Corona, NY Cape Coral, FL Grace Henderson Nez * Ozark Fiddler Sephardic Musician/Composer Yuqin Wang & Zhengli Xu Ava, MO Chinese Rod Puppeteers Navajo Weaver Qi Shu Fang Alexandria, VA Ganado, AZ Harilaos Papapostolou * Joe Willie “Pinetop” Peking Opera Performer Carmencristina Moreno Tigard, OR Byzantine Chant, Greek Orthodox Zakir Hussain Perkins * Woodhaven, NY Losang Samten (Bess Lomax Hawes Award) Potomac, MD Mexican-American Singer, Composer, Wanda Jackson North Indian Master Tabla Drummer Blues Player Tibetan Sand Mandala Painter Chum Ngek Teacher Early Country, , and Gospel San Anselmo, CA La Porte, IN Seiichi Tanaka Philadephia, PA (Bess Lomax Hawes Award) Roebuck “Pops” Staples * Fresno, CA Cambodian Musician and Teacher Singer Taiko Drummer Dojo Founder Oklahoma City, OK Gospel /Blues Musician Elliott “Ellie” Manette * Konstantinos Pilarinos San Francisco, CA Gaithersburg, MD Dalton, IL Bob McQuillen * Trinidadian Steel Pan Builder, Orthodox Byzantine Icon Woodcarver Contra Dance Musician Composer Ron Poast Hardanger Fiddle Luthier Beyle Schaechter- Tuner, Performer Astoria, NY Dorothy Trumpold * Peterborough, NH and Player Claude “The Fiddler” Osage, WV Rug Weaver Gottesman * Black Earth, WI Williams * Chris Strachwitz High Amana, IA Yiddish Singer, Poet, Songwriter Clara Neptune Keezer * Bronx, NY Jazz Swing Fiddler Mick Moloney (Bess Lomax Hawes Award) Passamaquoddy Basketmaker Kansas City, MO Irish Musician Record Producer/Label Founder Fred Tsoodle * Perry, ME Felipe I. & Joseph K. Ruak Carolinian Stick Dance Leaders New York, NY El Cerrito, CA Kiowa Sacred Song Leader Albertina Walker * Saipan, MP Mountian View, OK Gospel Singer * Chicago, IL Eudokia Sorochaniuk * B. Dorothy Thompson * (Bess Lomax Hawes Award) Ukranian Weaver, Textile Artists, Appalachian Weaver Joseph Wilson * Appalachian Singer/Songwriter Manoochehr Sadeghi Persian Santour Player Embroidery Davis, WV (Bess Lomax Hawes Award) Dulcimer Player James Ka’upena Wong Sherman Oaks, CA Pennsuaken, NJ Folklorist/Advocate/Presenter Port Washington, NY Hawaiian Chanter Don Walser * Fries, VA Waianae, HI Ralph Stanley Cowboy & Western Singer/Guitarist/ Domingo “Mingo” Saldivar Nicholas Toth Diving Helmet Builder Master Boatbuilder, (Friendship Sloop) Composer Conjunto Accordionist Tarpon Springs, FL Southwest Harbor, ME Austin, TX San Antonio, TX

* Deceased

32 2020 NATIONAL HERITAGE FELLOWSHIPS NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE ARTS 33 NATIONAL HERITAGE FELLOWS, 2006–2013

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Charles M. Carrillo Nicholas Benson Horace P. Axtell * The Birmingham Sunlights * Laverne Brackens Mike Auldridge * Sheila Kay Adams Santero (Carver and Painter Stone Letter Carver and Calligrapher Nez Perce Elder, Spiritual Leader, and A Cappella Gospel Group Ghanaian Drum Master Quilter Dobro Player Ballad Singer, Musician, of Sacred Figures) Newport, RI Drum Maker Birmingham, AL Latham, NY Fairfield,TX Silver Spring, MD & Storyteller Santa Fe, NM Lewiston, ID Marshall, NC Sidiki Conde Edwin Colón Zayas Jim “Texas Shorty” Chan- Bo Dollis * Paul & Darlene Bergren Delores E. Churchill Guinean Dancer and Musician Dale Harwood Cuatro Player cellor Mardi Gras Indian Chief Dog Sled and Snowshoe Ralph Burns Haida (Native Alaskan) Weaver New York, NY Saddlemaker Orocovis, PR Fiddler New Orleans, LA Designers and Builders Storyteller, Pyramid Lake Ketchican, AK Shelley, ID Rockwall, TX Minot, ND Paiute Tribe Nixon, NV Violet De Cristoforo * Chitresh Das * Jim Griffith Henry Gray * Haiku Poet And Historian Bettye Kimbrell * Kathak Dancer and Choreographer Gladys Kukana Grace * (Bess Lomax Hawes Award) Harold A. Burnham Blues Piano Player, Singer Salinas, CA Quilter San Francisco, CA Lauhala (Palm Leaf) Weaver Folklorist Master Shipwright Verónica Castillo Baton Rouge, LA Mt. Olive, AL Honolulu, HI Tuscon, AZ Essex, MA Ceramicist & Clay Sculptor San Antonio, TX Roland Freeman Leroy Graber * Doyle Lawson (Bess Lomax Hawes Award) Jeronimo E. Lozano German-Russian Willow Basketmaker Mary Jackson Roy and Pj Hirabayashi Albert B. Head Gospel and Bluegrass Singer, Photo Documentarian, Author, and Retablo Maker Freeman, SD Sweetgrass Basketweaver Taiko Drum Leaders (Bess Lomax Hawes Award) Séamus Connolly Arranger, and Bandleader Exhibit Curator Salt Lake City, UT Johns Island, SC San Jose, CA Traditional Arts Advocate Irish Fiddler Montgomery, AL North Yarmouth, ME Bristol, TN Washington, DC “Queen” Ida Guillory Walter Murray Chiesa * Zydeco Musician Del McCoury Ledward Kaapana Esther Martinez * Pat Courtney Gold (Bess Lomax Hawes Award) Daly City, CA Bluegrass Guitarist and Singer Slack Key Guitarist Leonardo “Flaco” Jimenez Nicolae Feraru Native American Linguist Wasco Sally Bag Weaver Traditional Crafts Advocate Hendersonville, TN Kaneohe, HI Tejano Accordion Player Cimbalom Player San Antonio, TX Chicago, IL and Storyteller Scappoose, Or Bayamón, PR Dudley Laufman San Juan Pueblo, NM Dance Caller and Musician Judith McCulloh * Frank Newsome Eddie Kamae * Oneida Hymn Singers Cantebury, NH (Bess Lomax Hawes Award) Old Regular Baptist Singer Lynne Yoshiko Nakasone Carol Fran Diomedes Matos Hawaiian Musician, Composer, Folklorist and Editor Haysi, VA Okinawan Dancer Swamp Blues Singer & Pianist Of Wisconsin Honolulu, HI Lafayette, LA Cuatro (10-String Puerto Filmmaker Hymn Singing Amma D. McKen Urbana, IL Rican Guitar) Maker Honolulu, HI Oneida, WI Yoruba Orisha Singer Carlinhos Pandeiro De Ouro Deltona, FL Brooklyn, NY Kamala Lakshmi Narayanan Frame Drum Player and Percussionist Molly Jeannette Pauline Hillaire Los Angeles, CA (Bess Lomax Hawes Award) Agustin Lira Sue Yeon Park Bharatanatyam Indian Dancer Neptune Parker * George Na’ope * Singer, Musician, Composer Mastic, NY Passamaquoddy Basket Maker Tradition Bearer, Lummi Tribe Korean Dancer and Musician Joel Nelson Bellingham, WA Kumu Hula (Hula Master) Fresno, CA New York, NY Cowboy Poet Warner Williams Princeton, ME Hilo, HI Alpine, TX Mike Rafferty * Piedmont Blues Songster Gaithersburg, MD David Ivey Julia Parker Moges Seyoum Irish Flute Player The Paschall Brothers Wilho Saari Kashia Pomo Basketmaker Hasbrouck Heights, NJ Tidewater Gospel Quartet Sacred Harp Hymn Singer Ethiopian Church Musician Teri Rofkar * Huntsville, AL Finnish Kantele (Lap-Harp) Player Midpines, CA Alexandria, VA Tlingit Weaver and Basketmaker Yuri Yunakov Chesapeake, VA Naselle, WA Sitka, AK Ezequiel Torres Bulgarian Saxophonist Bloomfield,NJ Ramón “Chunky” Mary Jane Queen * Jelon Vieira Afro-Cuban Drummer and Mavis Staples Appalachian Musician Capoeira Master * Drum Builder Klezmer Clarinetist, Mandolinist, and Sánchez * Gospel, Rhythm and Blues Singer Cullowhee, NC New York, NY (Bess Lomax Hawes Award) Miami, FL Composer Chicano Musician & Chicago, IL Musician, Cultural Scholar, Brooklyn, NY Culture Bearer San Diego, CA Joe Thompson * Michael G. White and Advocate * African-American String Jazz Clarinetist, Band Leader, Scholar Lexington, VA (Bess Lomax Hawes Award) Band Musician New Orleans, LA Advocate, Scholar, Presenter, Mebane, NC Sophiline Cheam Shapiro and Preservationist Cambodian Classical Dancer and Lexington, MA Mac Wiseman * Irvin L. Trujillo Bluegrass and Country Singer and Choregrapher Rio Grande Weaver Musician Long Beach, CA Treme Brass Band Chimayo, NM Nashville, TN New Orleans Brass Band New Orleans, LA Elaine Hoffman Watts * Klezmer Musician Havertown, PA

* Deceased

34 2020 NATIONAL HERITAGE FELLOWSHIPS NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE ARTS 35 NATIONAL HERITAGE FELLOWS, 2014–2019

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Henry Arquette * Rahim AlHaj Bryan Akipa Norik Astvatsaturov Feryal Abbasi-Ghnaim Dan Ansotegui Mohawk Basketmaker Oud Player & Composer Dakota Flute Maker and Player Armenian Repoussé Metal Artist Palestinian Embroiderer Basque Musician and Tradition Bearer Hogansburg, NY Albuquerque, NM Sisseton, SD Wahpeton, ND Milwaukie, OR Boise, ID

Manuel “Cowboy” Donley * Michael Alpert Joseph Pierre “Big Chief Anna Brown Ehlers Eddie Bond Grant Bulltail * Tejano Musician and Singer Yiddish Musician and Monk” Boudreaux Chilkat Weaver Appalachian Old-Time Fiddler Crow Storyteller Austin, TX Tradition Bearer Mardi Gras Indian Craftsman Juneau, AK Fries, VA Crow Agency, MT New York, NY and Musician Kevin Doyle New Orleans, LA Modesto Cepeda Kelly Church Bob Fulcher Irish Step Dancer , Bomba and Plena Musician Anishinabe (Gun Lake Band) Black (Bess Lomax Hawes Award) Barrington, RI Lucy Mingo, and Billy McComiskey San Juan, PR Ash Basketmaker Folklorist and State Park Manager Allegan, MI Clinton, TN Irish Button Accordionist The Holmes Brothers Quilters of Gee’s Bend , MD Ella Jenkins Children’s Folk Singer Marion Coleman * Linda Goss Sherman Holmes Boykin, AL Artemio Posadas and Musician African-American Quilter African-American Storyteller Wendell Holmes * Chicago, IL Castro Valley, CA Baltimore, MD Dolly Jacobs (Bess Lomax Hawes Award) Popsy Dixon * Circus Aerialist Master Huastecan Son Musician Blues, Gospel, and Rhythm Sarasota, FL and Advocate Dwight Lamb Manuel Cuevas James F. Jackson and Blues Band San Jose, CA (Bess Lomax Hawes Award) Rodeo Tailor Leatherworker Rosedale, MD Danish Button Accordionist and Nashville, TN Sheridan, WY Yary Livan Saluda, VA Clarissa Rizal * Missouri-Style Fiddler Cambodian Ceramicist Onawa, IA Lowell, MA Tlingit Ceremonial Regalia Maker Ofelia Esparza Balla Kouyaté Yvonne Walker Keshick Juneau, AK Chicana Altarista (Day of the Dead Balafon Player and Djeli Odawa Quillworker Thomas Maupin Altar Maker) Medford, MA Petoskey, MI Daniel Sheehy Los Angeles, CA (Bess Lomax Hawes Award) Theresa Secord Old-time Buckdancer Ethnomusicologist/Folklorist Penobscot Nation Ash/Sweetgrass Murfreesboro, TN Josephine Lobato Carolyn Mazloomi Falls Church, VA Basketmaker Barbara Lynn Spanish Colcha Embroiderer (Bess Lomax Hawes Award) Waterville, ME Cyril Pahinui * R&B Musician Westminster, CO Community Advocate Hawaiian Slack-key Guitarist, Beaumont, TX West Chester, OH Drink Small Blues Artist Bounxeung Synanonh Waipahu, HI Rich Smoker “Thunderbird Whimsey” beadwork Columbia, SC Laotian Khaen (free-reed mouth Ethel Raim Decoy Carver Vera Nakonechny organ) Player Phil Wiggins (Bess Lomax Hawes Award) Marion Station, MD by Karen Ann Hoffman Ukrainian Embroiderer, Weaver Fresno, CA Traditional Music and Dance Advocate Gertrude Yukie Tsutsumi Acoustic Blues Harmonica Player Photo by James Gill Photography and Beadworker Takoma Park, MD New York, NY Philadelphia, PA Japanese Classical Dancer Las Tesoros de San Antonio Honolulu, HI Michael Vlahovich Master Shipwright Eva Ybarra Don & Cindy Roy Beatriz (La Paloma del Singing and Praying Bands Tacoma, WA/St. Michaels, MD Conjunto Accordionist and Franco-American Musicians Norte) Llamas and Sidonka Wadina Gorham, ME of MD and DE Slovak Straw Artist/Egg Decorator Band Leader Blanquita (Blanca Rosa) African-American Religious Singers Lyons, WI Leona Waddell San Antonio, TX and White Oak Basketmaker Rodríguez Cecilia, KY Tejano Singers Rufus White San Antonio, TX Omaha Traditional Singer and Drum Group Leader Walthill, NE

* Deceased

36 2020 NATIONAL HERITAGE FELLOWSHIPS NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE ARTS 37 The 2020 NEA National Heritage Fellows were able to gather together virtually last fall. Top Row: Zakarya and Naomi Diouf, Suni Paz, and William Bell. Middle Row: Rey Ortiz (representing Los Matachines de la Santa Cruz de la Ladrillera) with his brother Roberto, Onnik Dinkjian, and Hugo N. Morales. Bottom Row: John Morris, Wayne Valliere, and Karen Ann Hoffman. Photo by Olivia Merrion