EDITED BY Ancient Households John G. Douglass of the Americas and Nancy Gonlin CONCEPTUALIZING WHAT HOUSEHOLDS DO ANCIENT HOUSEHOLDS OF THE AMERICAS EDITED BY Ancient Households John G. Douglass of the Americas and Nancy Gonlin CONCEPTUALIZING WHAT HOUSEHOLDS DO UNIVERSITY PRESS OF COLORADO Louisville © 2012 by University Press of Colorado Published by University Press of Colorado 245 Century Circle Louisville, Colorado 80027 All rights reserved First paperback edition 2016 Printed in the United States of America The University Press of Colorado is a proud member of the Association of University Presses. The University Press of Colorado is a cooperative publishing enterprise supported, in part, by Adams State University, Colorado State University, Fort Lewis College, Metropolitan State University of Denver, Regis University, University of Colorado, University of Northern Colorado, University of Wyoming, Utah State University, and Western Colorado University. ∞ This paper meets the requirements of the ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 (Permanence of Paper). ISBN 978-1-60732-173-6 (hardcover) ISBN 978-1-60732-538-3 (paperback) ISBN 978-1-60732-174-3 (ebook) ISBN 978-1-64642-065-0 (open-access ePUB) ISBN 978-1-64642-066-7 (open-access PDF) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ancient households of the Americas : conceptualizing what households do / edited by John G. Douglass and Nancy Gonlin. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-60732-173-6 (hardcover : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-1-60732-538-3 (pbk. : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-1-60732-174-3 (ebook) 1. Indians—Dwellings. 2. Indians—Social life and customs. 3. Indians—Antiquities. 4. Households—America—History. 5. Home economics—America—History. 6. Social archaeology—America—History. 7. Land settlement patterns—America—History. 8. Americax— Antiquities. I. Douglass, John G., 1968– II. Gonlin, Nancy. E59.D9A63 2012 970.004'97—dc23 2011051660 An electronic version of this book is freely available, thanks to the support of libraries working with Knowledge Unlatched. KU is a collaborative initiative designed to make high- quality books open access for the public good. More information about the initia- tive and links to the open- access versions can be found at www .knowledgeunlatched .org. To the spouses of the houses, we dedicate this book to Jill and Vishy, with heartfelt gratitude and love. Contents List of Figures | ix List of Tables | xiii Preface | xv Acknowledgments | xvii 1. The Household as Analytical Unit: Case Studies from the Americas | 1 John G. Douglass and Nancy Gonlin Section I: Household Production Organization: Spatial and Social Contexts in the Past and Present 2. Occupation Span and the Organization of Residential Activities: A Cross- Cultural Model and Case Study from the Mesa Verde Region | 47 Mark D. Varien 3. Production and Consumption in the Countryside: A Case Study from the Late Classic Maya Rural Commoner Households at Copán, Honduras | 79 Nancy Gonlin 4. Iroquoian Households: A Mohawk Longhouse at Otstungo, New York | 117 Dean R. Snow | vii 5. Activity Areas and Households in the Late Mississippian Southeast United States: Who Did What Where? | 141 Ramie A. Gougeon 6. The Social Evolution of Potters’ Households in Ticul, Yucatán, Mexico, 1965–1997 | 163 Dean E. Arnold 7. Pots and Agriculture: Anasazi Rural Household Production, Long House Valley, Northern Arizona | 189 John G. Douglass and Robert A. Heckman Section II: Households as Primary Producers: Implications for Domestic Organization 8. Hohokam Household Organization, Sedentism, and Irrigation in the Sonoran Desert, Arizona | 221 Richard Ciolek-Torrello 9. Understanding Households on Their Own Terms: Investigations on Household Sizes, Production, and Longevity at K’axob, Belize | 269 H. Hope Henderson 10. Late Classic Period Terrace Agriculture in the Lowland Maya Area: Modeling the Organization of Terrace Agricultural Activity | 299 L. Theodore Neff Section III: Inter- and Intrahousehold Organization of Production: Households and Communities 11. Fluctuating Community Organization: Formation and Dissolution of Multifamily Corporate Groups at La Joya, Veracruz, Mexico | 325 Valerie J. McCormack 12. Relationships among Households in the Prehispanic Community of Mesitas in San Agustín, Colombia | 353 Víctor González Fernández 13. Interhousehold versus Intracommunity Comparisons: Incipient Socioeconomic Complexity at Jachakala, Bolivia | 381 Christine Beaule 14. Arrobas, Fanegas, and Mantas: Identifying Continuity and Change in Early Colonial Maya Household Production | 407 Darcy Lynn Wiewall List of Contributors | 437 Index | 439 viii | Contents Figures FIGURE 1.1. Map of the Americas | 19 FIGURE 2.1. Map of the central Mesa Verde region | 48 FIGURE 2.2. Map of the Dolores Archaeological Program (DAP) project | 49 FIGURE 2.3. Plan map of the Duckfoot site (5MT3868) | 53 FIGURE 2.4. Occupation span estimates | 56 FIGURE 2.5. Mean occupation span estimates | 57 FIGURE 2.6. Plan map of Tres Bobos (5MT4545), a household residential site occupied around AD 650, central Mesa Verde region, Colorado | 59 FIGURE 2.7. Plan map of Prince Hamlet (5MT2161) | 61 FIGURE 2.8. Plan map of Dobbins Stockade (5MT8827) | 63 FIGURE 2.9. Plan map of Architectural Block 500 at Sand Canyon Pueblo (site 5MT765) | 64 | ix FIGURE 3.1. Map of eight rural sites, Copán Valley, Honduras | 80 FIGURE 3.2. Spatial distribution of grinding-stone fragments at Site 7D-6-2 | 89 FIGURE 3.3. Spatial distribution of hammerstone/polisher fragments at Site 7D-6-2 | 94 FIGURE 3.4. Plan map of Site 7D-3-1 | 96 FIGURE 4.1. Northern Iroquoian village site clusters | 118 FIGURE 4.2. Northeastern American longhouse cross sections | 120 FIGURE 4.3. Contour map of the Otstungo site, New York | 125 FIGURE 4.4. Excavation grid | 127 FIGURE 4.5. Longhouse 1 plan | 128 FIGURE 4.6. Longhouse 1 plan | 128 FIGURE 4.7. Artifact distributions at Otstungo site, New York | 131 FIGURE 4.8. Human effigy mask smoking pipe | 132 FIGURE 4.9. Artifact distributions at Otstungo site: rim sherds | 133 FIGURE 4.10. Artifact distributions at Otstungo site: food-bone fragments | 134 FIGURE 4.11. Artifact distributions at Otstungo site: scrapers and projectile points | 135 FIGURE 4.12. Distribution of quartz crystals | 137 FIGURE 5.1. Location of Little Egypt | 143 FIGURE 5.2. Site map of Little Egypt | 144 FIGURE 5.3. Isopleth distribution maps | 147 FIGURE 5.4. Model of household activity area | 150 FIGURE 6.1. Number of potters per production unit in Ticul | 173 FIGURE 6.2. Number of different kin categories of potters | 174 FIGURE 6.3. Percent of total potters by kin type | 175 FIGURE 6.4. Frequency of potters classified by generation | 176 FIGURE 6.5. Most common kin of potters | 176 FIGURE 6.6. Changes in the locations in production units | 177 FIGURE 6.7. Changes in the locations of production units | 178 FIGURE 6.8. The amount of kin relatedness among production units | 179 FIGURE 6.9. The back of Lorenzo Pech’s house | 181 x | Figures FIGURE 6.10. Lorenzo’s house and the workshop behind it in 1997 | 181 FIGURE 7.1. Location of Long House Valley, northeastern Arizona | 190 FIGURE 7.2. Regional chronology for the western Anasazi | 199 FIGURE 7.3. Pithouse Feature 106, after excavation | 201 FIGURE 7.4. Unfired clay objects from an intramural feature within Pithouse Feature 106 | 204 FIGURE 7.5. Recycled sherds from AZ-J-28-32 (NN) | 205 FIGURE 8.1. Map of south-central Arizona | 227 FIGURE 8.2. Chronology for the Sonoran desert | 228 FIGURE 8.3. Late Archaic period houses | 229 FIGURE 8.4. Pioneer period house cluster at the Eagle Ridge site | 230 FIGURE 8.5. Hohokam communal houses from the Pioneer period | 232 FIGURE 8.6. Prehistoric canal systems in the Phoenix Basin | 234 FIGURE 8.7. Preclassic period house types and sizes from the Lower Verde Valley | 237 FIGURE 8.8. Preclassic period house types at Scorpion Point Village | 238 FIGURE 8.9. Preclassic period house clusters at Locus A, Scorpion Point Village | 239 FIGURE 8.10. Classic period compound and courtyard groups at AZ U:15:3 | 240 FIGURE 8.11. Pioneer and Colonial period canals and villages in the lower Salt River | 243 FIGURE 8.12. Sedentary period canals and villages in the lower Salt River | 246 FIGURE 8.13. Classic period canals and villages in the lower Salt River | 247 FIGURE 9.1. Model of household organization and staple crop production | 274 FIGURE 9.2. Location of excavation units | 277 FIGURE 9.3. Plan view drawings of occupations 2, 3, 4, and 5 from Unit 10, K’axob, Belize | 281 FIGURE 9.4. Plan view drawings of occupations 3, 4, 5, and 6 from Unit 14 | 282 FIGURE 9.5. Plan view drawings of occupations 7 and 8 from Unit 14 | 283 FIGURE 9.6. Comparison of box-and-dot plots | 285 FIGURE 10.1. Eastern Mesoamerica | 300 Figures | xi FIGURE 10.2. Area surveyed by the Xunantunich Settlement Survey (XSS) | 303 FIGURE 10.3. Area surveyed by XSS near the minor center of Dos Chombitos | 304 FIGURE 10.4. The Terrace Set #110 | 308 FIGURE 10.5. The Terrace Set #191 | 309 FIGURE 10.6. Lithic diversity | 313 FIGURE 10.7. Direct freehand-percussion core-flake distribution | 314 FIGURE 10.8. General utility biface resharpening flakes | 315 FIGURE 10.9. Ceramic form diversity | 316 FIGURE 11.1. Location of La Joya within Sierra de las Tuxtlas | 327 FIGURE 11.2. Distribution of ceramics for the Tulipan phase | 332 FIGURE 11.3. Distribution of ceramics for the Coyame phase | 333 FIGURE 11.4. Distribution of ceramics for the Gordita phase | 340 FIGURE 11.5. Distribution of ceramics for the Bezuapan phase | 342 FIGURE 12.1. Map of Colombia | 355 FIGURE 12.2. Ceramic chronology | 356 FIGURE 12.3. Map of the Alto Magdalena region | 362 FIGURE 12.4. Four maps of the Mesitas area | 363 FIGURE 12.5.