The Analysis of Symbols in Kingdom of Heaven Film by Ridley Scott
THE ANALYSIS OF SYMBOLS IN KINGDOM OF HEAVEN FILM BY RIDLEY SCOTT
THESIS
Submitted to the Board of Examiners Partial in Fulfillment of the Requirments For Literary Degree at English Literature Department
By:
M.GUFRAN PUTRA NURKIA AI.140242
ADAB AND HUMANITIES FACULTY THE STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY SULTHAN THAHA SAIFUDDIN JAMBI 2018
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MOTTO
أَلَمْ تَرَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ يُولِجُ اللَّيْلَ فِي النَّهَارِ وَيُولِجُ النَّهَارَ فِياللَّيْلِ وَسَخَّرَ الشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَكُلٌّ يَجْرِيإِلَىٰ أَجَلٍ مُّسَمًّىوَأَنَّ اللَّهَ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ خَبِيرٌ
Terjemahan: Tidakkah engkau memperhatikan, bahwa Allah mmemasukan malam kedalam siang dan memasukan siang kedalam malam dan dia menundukan matahari dan bulan, masing-masing beredar sampai kepada waktu yang ditentukan.Sungguh Allah maha mengetahui terhadap apa yang kamu kerjakan. (QS. Luqman, 29)1 Meaning: Do you not see that Allah makes the night to enter into the day and he makes the day to enter into the night, and he has made the sun and the moon subservient (to you); each pursues its course till an appointed time; and that Allah is Aware of what you do?
1 Departemen Agama RI, (Asy-Syifa Al-Quran), (Semarang: Departemen Agama RI, 2011), p. 330 v
DEDICATION
Alhamdulillahirabbil ‘alamin...
Firstly I want to say thank you for Allah subhanahu wata’ala who has given me favor and blessing to finish this thesis. Also sholawat and salam I will send to my Prophet Muhammad shallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallamwho has brought us for the darkness to the lightness. I dedicate this thesis to my lovely family especially to my beloved parent. For my father (M.Nur) and my mother (Rukiah Isba), I cannot say one by one the thing which you have done for me during I arranged this thesis. I just want to say thank you for your praying and everything that I need. You always be there for me. For my gorgeus brother, I want to say thank you for your support and always be my mood booster during I arranged this thesis.
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AKNOWLEDGEMENT
Firstly, I would like to say Alhamdulillahirabbil’ alamin, all the prise to
Allah subhanahu wata’ala the lord of all creatures, because of His Blessing from the starting point of my study until now at the end of my study. Peace be upon to our Prophet Muhammad shallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam, hopefully we will get His syafa’at later at the last day.
Secondly, I would like to say thanks a lot to people who helped the writer to write this thesis. I would like to say thanks to my supervisors H.Mislan, M.Pd,
Ulfatmi Azlan, MA and Awliya Rahmi, M.Hum who have helped me, guided, supported and suggested me in writing this thesis. I also would like to say thank a lot to my classmate E-LITE 2014 who have given suggestion and support to finish this thesis.
To this thesis, I would give one great deal to many people. Thus, I would like to say thanks for their contribution, they are:
1. Dr. H. Hadri Hasan, MA as a Rector of Islamic University of Sulthan
Thaha Saifuddin Jambi.
2. Prof. Dr. Maisah, M.Pdi as the dean of Adab and Humanities Faculty.
3. Dr. Alfian, S.Pd, M.Ed as the First Dean Deputy of Adab and
Humanities Faculty. Dr. H. Muhammad Fadhil, M.Ag as the Second
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Dean Deputy of Adab and Humanities Faculty. Dr. Roudhoh, S.Ag,
SS, M.Si as the Third Dean Deputy of Adab and Humanities Faculty.
4. The Head of English Literature Department, Ulfatmi Azlan, SS, MA.
The secretary of English Literature Department, Dian Mukhlisa, MA.
5. My supervisor I H.Mislan, M.Pd. my supervisor II Ulfatmi Azlan, SS,
MA. And Awliya Rahmi, M.Hum as change my second supervisor.
6. All the lecturers and staffs of Adab and Humanities Faculty, cause of
the contributions and assistant during studying in Islamic University
Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi.
7. My parents, M.Nur and Rukiah Isba, my brothers M.Rizky Putra
Nurkia and M.Habibillah Putra Nurkia, my cousin Marsela Kurniaty
Dinca, my family in Telanai and Talang Banjar, thank you for praying,
support, encouragment and help for everything.
8. My beloved friends in Adab and Humanities Faculty, Muhammad
Syaid Ridho, Bahtiar, Muhammad Ridho, Filyadi Gusti Zamzami,
Rifqi Mustofa, Tezar Pirliansa, M.Rifqi Gusmar, M.Saman, Neno
Andrian, M.Ridho Jon Erizal, Fadhil Mahmudi, Ade Rinaldo, Irma
Septiama, Luthfiana Nur Cahya, Yanda Pratiwi, Hertina Verawati,
Liani Ekawati, Widia Astutui, Desi Hardianti, Witri Afrilian, Dhinda
Wulaningtyas who always supported and helped for everything. Thank
you very much. I will miss you all.
9. My others friends in UIN STS Jambi who helped me to finish this
thesis.
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This thesis is still far from perfection. As the writer, I need some critics and suggestions, so this thesis will be more perfect. Finally, I hope this thesis will give possitive contributions for readers, especially for the student of English
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ABSTRACT
Nurkia, M.Gufran P 2018 :The Analysis of Symbols In Kingdom of Heaven Film By Ridley Scott, English Literature Department, Adab and Humanities Faculty, UIN Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi Supervisor :1. H.Mislan, M.Pd 2.Awliya Rahmi, M.Hum
This research analyzed one of literature works; film. In Kingdom of Heaven film by Ridley Scott there were some analysis about symbol. The writer wanted to find out the kinds of symbol and the meaning of symbol from the film. The writer chooses Kingdom of Heaven film because this film got many awards such as Hollywood film awards (2005), satellite awards (2005), and visual effects society awards (2006). Then corelated the analysis to find out the kinds of symbol, meaning of symbol and the influence of symbol to the main character. Thus, the writer find some problem of formulation were; 1. What are the kinds of conventional symbol in Kingdom of Heaven film; 2. What are the meaning of symbols found in Kingdom of Heaven film; 3. What are the influence of the object symbolism to the main character in Kingdom of Heaven film. The writer used theory symbol by Pierce with one of the kinds of symbol, conventional symbol: colour, object, clothes, animal, and nature symbols. Then, the writer used meaning approach to analyze each symbol which found in this film; connotative meaning. The writer also used social approach to make the analysis suitable with the purpose of the research. The design of the research used qualitative method to describe the answer of problem formulation. For the technique of data collection this research used documentation technique to collectthe data and descriptive analysis for the tehnique of data analysis. The result of the research were; (1) the kinds of conventional symbol in this film are; a. colour symbol, b. object symbol, c. clothes symbol, d. animal symbol, e. nature symbol. (2) the meaning of symbol; a. colour symbol: white colour has meaning (purity, light, life), blue colour (cool, calm, peace, serenity) and red colour (desire, emotion, danger, daring). b. object symbol: ring (commitment), sword (strange, and protection) and crown (wealth). c. clothes symbol: mask (externalize demonic tendencies). d. animal symbol: vulture (death), donkey (stupidity). e. nature symbol: water (life), flower (beauty), river (fluidity of life and death). (3) the influence of the symbol to the main character; a. the sword influence Balian becames stronger to protect people of Jarusalem, b. the ring influence Balian becames commite with his self, c. the blue colour influence Balian becames calm when he fight his enemy.
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ABSTRAK
Nurkia, M.Gufran P 2018: The Analysis of Symbol In Kingdom of Heaven Film By Ridley Scott, English Literature Department, Adab and Humanities Faculty, UIN Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi Supervisor : 1. H.Mislan, M.Pd 2.Awliya Rahmi, M.Hum
Penelitian ini menganalisis satu jenis karya sastra yaitu film. Didalam film Kingdom of Heaven karya Ridley Scott banyak terdapat analisis tentang Simbol. Penulis ingin menemukan Jenis simbol dan makna simbol yang terdapat didalam film. Penulis memilih film Kingdom of Heaven karena film ini banyak mendapat penghargaan seperti Hollywood film awards (2005), satellite awards (2005), dan visual effects society awards (2006). Kemudian menghubungkan analisis untuk menemukan simbol, makna simbol, dan pengaruh simbol terhadap karakter utama. Jadi, penulis menemukan beberapa rumusan masalah diantaranya; 1. Apa saja jenis-jenis simbol konvensional yang terdapat di film Kingdom of Heaven karya Ridley Scott; 2. Apa makna simbol yang ditemukan pada film Kingdom of Heaven karya Ridley Scott; 3. Apa pengaruh simbol terhadap karakter utama di film Kingdom of Heaven karya Ridley Scott. Penulis menggunakan teori simbol dari Alexander Pierce dengan jenis simbol konvensional; simbol warna, simbol objek, simbol pakaian, simbol binatang, dan simbol alam. Kemudian penulis menggunakan pendekatan makna untuk menganalisis setiap simbol yang ditemukan didalam film, yaitu: makna konotatif. Penulis juga menggunakan pendekatan sosial untuk membuat analisis ini sesuai dengan penelitian. Model penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif untuk memaparkan jawaban dari rumusan masalah. Untuk teknik pengumpulan data, penelitian ini menggunakan teknik dokumentasi untuk mengumpulkan data dan analisis deskriptif untuk teknik analisis data. Hasil penelitian ini adalah; (1) beberapa jenis simbol konvensional di film ini adalah; a. simbol warna, b. simbol objek, c. simbol pakaian, d. simbol binatang, e. simbol alam. (2) makna simbol-simbol yang ditemukan yaitu: a. simbol warna; warna putih (kesucian, cahaya, kehidupan), biru (keren, tenang, kedamaian, ketenanangan), dan merah (nafsu, emosi, bahaya, berani). b. simbol objek; cincin (kesepakatan), pedang (kekuatan dan pertahanan), dan mahkota (kekayaan). c. simbol pakaian; topeng (mengesampingkan kelakuan setan). d. simbol binatang: burung pemakan bangkai (kematian), dan keledai (kebodohan). e. simbol alam; air (kehidupan), bunga (kecantikan), sungai (arus kehidupan dan kematian). (3) pengaruh simbol terhadap karakter utama di film ini yaitu; a. pedang mempengaruhi Balian lebih kuat untuk melindungi masyarakat Jarusalem, b. cincin mempengaruhi Balian untuk lebih berkomitmen dengan dirinya sendiri, c. warna biru mempengaruhi Balian untuk tenang menghadapi lawannya.
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TABLE OF CONTENT PAGE OF TITLE ...... i APPROVAL ...... ii LETTER OF RATIFICATION ...... iii ORIGINAL THESIS STATEMENT ...... iv MOTTO ...... v DEDICATION ...... vi ACKNOWLEDGMENT ...... vii ABSTRACT ...... ix ABSTRAK ...... x TABLE OF CONTENT ...... xi
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Problem ...... 1 1.2 Limitation of the Problem ...... 3 1.3 Formulation of the Problem ...... 3 1.4 Purpose of the Research ...... 4 1.5 Significance of the Research ...... 4 CHAPTER II: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 2.1 Theory of Symbol ...... 5 2.2 Archetypal – Mythological ...... 9 2.3 Social Approach ...... 11 2.4 Meaning of Symbol ...... 12 2.5 Film ...... 17 2.6 Review of Related Literature ...... 18 CHAPTER III: METHOD OF RESEARCH 3.1 Design of Research ...... 21 3.2 Data and Source of The Data ...... 22 3.3 Technique of Data Collection ...... 22 3.4 Technique of Data Analysis ...... 24 CHAPTER IV: FINDING AND ANALYSIS 4.1 The kind of Conventional Symbol In Kingdom of Heaven Film ...... 26 4.2 The Meaning of Symbol are Found in Kingdom of Heaven ...... 34 4.3 The Influnce of The Symbolism to The Main Character
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Personality In Kingdom of Heaven ...... 53 4.3.1 The sword influence Balian becames stronger to protect people of Jarusalem ...... 57 4.3.2 The ring influence Balian becames commite with his self ...... 58 4.3.3 The blue colour influence Balian becames calm when he fight his enemy ...... 59 CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 5.1 Conclusion ...... 62 5.2 Suggestion ...... 63 REFERENCES ...... 64 APPENDIX I ...... xiv APPENDIX II ...... xix APPENDIX III ...... xxiii
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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Problem
The new work of filmsin 2005 in America is a film by Ridley Scott
entitled The Kingdom of Heaven. This film was produced by Ridley Scott
and written by William Monahan. Starrings by Orlando Bloom, Eva Green,
Jeremy Irons, David Thewlis, Marton Csokas, Brenda Gleeson, Alexander
Siddig, Ghassan Massoud, Edward Norton, Jon finch, Michael Sheen, and
Liam Nelson. Music by Harry Gregson-Williams and distributed by 20th
Century Fox. Kingdom of Heaven is a film about a man named Balian of
Ibelin,The crusades of the 12th century. Balian was described as a black
smith from a French village who went to the town of Jarusalem to seek
God's forgiveness which then fought in a war against a great Muslim leader,
Saladin and his army who wanted to take the city from the Christian side.
The writer chooses Kingdom of Heaven film because this film got
many awards such as Hollywood film awards (2005), satellite awards
(2005), and visual effects society awards (2006)2. Also the writer wants to
analyze the condition that happened in Palestine country based on the
film.Based on the reasons above, the writer tries to see history side that
happened between Islam, Judaism, and Christian. The writer found that
conflict between Islam, Judaism, and Christian has been very long time ago.
2http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0320661/awards. accesed on April 10 2018 1
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Dalam Kamus Umum Bahasa Indonesia by WJS Poerwadarminta mengatakan, simbol atau lambang adalah semacam tanda, lukisan, perkataan, lencana, dan sebagainya, yang menyatakan sesuatu hal, atau mengandung maksud tertentu3.
The definition above explains that the symbol has universal meaning
not only one meaning. The writer also found some symbols that described
something different from the symbol itself. Symbolism is the use of an
object, person, situationor a word symbolically to represent something else
in literature4.
One of the examples of symbol in this film is ring. Ring, as the writer
knows in this film is used by some characters such as Balian, Godfrey, and
the King. Ring is a jewelry which is used by both men and women to
decorate themselves. In this film the writer found that the ring is one of the
commitment meaning.
Picture 15
The picture above explains that the Godfrey, the father from Balian
will be died, he gave the ring to Balian to displace his position in kingdom.
The picture explainsthat ring can be a symbol not just a thing or a jewelry
but it has universal meaning.
3Sobur, Alex. 2009. Semiotika Komunikasi. Bandung. PT Remaja Rosdakarya. P.156 4Dhain, Ahmad Yasir. 2015. International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research: Symbolism in Heart of Darkness. Iraq. Thai Qar University. Vol. 3 5 Duration 00:38:01
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The writer chooses symbol because the writer wants to tell that the
film not only shows the genesis or plot of the story but also symbols which
have their own meanings and the effect on the film. These symbols may be
colour, object, animal, weather, and many more. In this discussion the
writer focuses on the symbols that found in Kingdom of Heaven filmand the
writer uses theory of symbol by Pierceto discuss it. The writer uses this
theory to know meaning that symbolize.
Therefore, the writer will analyze the symbols in this film for some
reasons. Firstly,the film tells the history of the conflict between Islam,
Judaism and Christianity in the twelvecentury which describes the condition
state of Palestine. Secondly, the writer wants to tell the reader that the
symbols in the Kindom of Heaven film are not only as part of the film but
also have other meanings that influence the film. Lastly, important to learn
symbols and their meaning so that in daily activity not only accepts but
knows and can understand the symbols that are around us.
Thus, from the explanation above, the writer analyzes this discussion
under the title ofThe Analysis of Symbols in Kingdom of Heaven Film by
Ridley Scott.
B. Limitation of the Problem
The writer limits this research only on conventional symbols that
found in Kingdom of Heaven film. The writer only focuses on the symbols
which related with main character in the film.
C. Formulation of the Problem
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Based on the background and limitation of the problem above, the
writer makes the formulation of the problem below:
1. What kinds of the conventional symbols which found in Kingdom of
Heaven film?
2. What are the meaning of the symbols found in Kingdom of Heaven film?
3. What are the influence of the symbolism to the main character in
Kingdom of Heaven film?
D. Purposes of the Research
According to the formulations of the problem above, the writer wants
to know the meaning of symbol that can be found in the Kingdom of Heaven
film. The purpose of this research are:
1. To find out of the kinds of conventional symbols found in Kingdom of
Heaven film.
2. To find out the meanings of the symbols in Kingdom of Heaven film.
3. To know the influence of the symbolism to the main character in
Kingdom of Heaven film.
E. The Significance of the Research
The significant of the research are divided into two kinds, they are
theoretically and practically:
1. Theoretically, the significant is to provide the theory that can be useful to
the next research who wants to analyze same object but different point of
view.
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2. Practically, this research hopefully can be additional information and
knowledge to the writer, so especially to the student of English Literature
who want to analyze this film.
CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
A. Theory of Symbol
The word symbol is derived from “symballein, meaning to ‘throw
together’, from the Greek ‘symbolon’ and Latin ‘symbolum’, which mean
token, sign”. Shaw presents the following definition for symbol, symbol is
something which is used for, or regarded as, represanting something else6.
Symbols are the signs, shapes, and images contained in daily life that can be
seen by eyes and have different meanings according to the symbol itself. For
example the white color is purity, the symbol of rice is prosperity, and the
tree symbol is the symbol of life.
Symbolism is a technique wich is used in literature when some things
are not to be taken literally. The symbolism can be an object, person,
situation, event or action that have a deeper meaning in context. Symbolism
is often used by writers to enhance their writing and give insight to the
reader. Symbolism can give a literary work more rich and more colourful
and can make the meaning of the work deeper7.
Definition of symbol in Longman Dictionary of American English
is something that represents something else8. It means that a form of images
6Elaheh Fadaee, 2011. Symbol, Metaphors and similes in Literature: A case Study of “Animal Farm”. Iran: Journal of English and Literature of Islamic Azad University of Bandar Abbas. A Journal. P.20 7Bai, Dr. S.B. Radhika. ‘Symbolism’ In Ted Hughes’ Poetry.ELK Asia Pacific Journals. Special Issue. P.1 8Baverly Britton Steiner, 2003. Longman Dictionary of America English. Edinburg: Pearson Education Limited. P. 439 6
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or symbols that has other meaning not only the original meaning. It is
usually thought by the brain that its meaning is always that only but also the
meaning has a meaning other than the original meaning. Beside, in Oxford
dictionary symbol defined as a sign, mark, object, etc that represent
something9. According to Djoko Pradopo, symbol is a sign which show
there is no related between signified and signifier. It is arbitrary nature.
“Jenis-jenis tanda yang utama ialah ikon, indeks, dan symbol. Symbol sendiri ialah tanda yang menunjukan bahwa tidak ada hubungan alamiah antara penanda dengan petandannya, hubungannya bersifat arbitrer (semau-maunya)”10
According Peirce in Liszka’s book ”a symbol is a representament
whose special significance or fitness to represent just what it does represent
lies in nothing but very fact of there being a habit, disposition, or other
effective general rule that it will be so interpreted”11. It means,a sign not
only that can be seen and has the meaning of the form of the mark itself but
also has other meanings outside of the sign or form of the symbol itself.
Charles Sanders Peirce was born September 10, 1839 in Cambridge,
Massachusetts, he was the son of a Harvard University mathematician.
Peirce is an American philosopher, logician, mathematician, and scientist,
sometimes known as the "father of pragmatism". He was trained as a
chemist and worked as a scientist for 30 years. Now, he is valued for his
contributions to logic, mathematics, philosophy, scientific methodology, and
9Victoria Bull, 2008. Oxford Dictionary. Oxford: Oxford University Press. P.450. 10Rachmat Djoko Pradopo, 1995. Beberapa Teori Sastra, Metode Kritik, dan Penerapannya Jogjakarta: Pustaka Pelajar. P.120. 11Liszka, James Jakob. 1996. A General Introduction To The Semiotic Of Charles Sanders Peirce. United State. Indiana University Press. P.123
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semiotics and his discovery of pragmatism. Peirce's works have been widely
known in the world of philosophers. One of them is a book that tells about
semiotics which is also used by writers to assist this thesis. In the book,
Peirce expressed his opinion about the symbols associated with this thesis
for the writer to take and cite Peirce's theory of the symbol.
According to Jones ”a symbol is a representative or substitute of some
other ideas, from which in the context it derives a secondary significance
not inherent in itself”12. It means that the symbol is a reflection of some
ideas in which the reflection is concrete and its meaning is universal but not
monotonous.
According to Herman Northrop Frey’s that “symbol can be defined as
a word, or an image used with some kind of special reference are all a
phrase, symbol when they are distinguisable elements in critical analysis”13.
It means that symbols can be a word or image that has special ideas with
linguistic meaning in it.
The writer uses Peirce’s theory to answer the formulations of
problem of this research. The writer choose this theory because after the
writer read and understand this theory, the writer feels this theory id easy to
understand and can help the writer to answer and to explain the formulations
of problem of this research.
12Ernest Jones, 1916. The Theory Of Symbolism. London: British Journal Of Psychology. P.131 13Zhou Haixia & Yang Zhaoui, 2015, Symbolism In Jude The Obscure. China: Internationa Journal Of Literature And Arts.Vol 3. No 6. P.485
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The classification of symbol according to Peirce in Liszka’s book
are natural symbol, conventional symbol, singular symbol14.
a) Natural symbol is usually happen in our daily activity, it means that
symbols that people usually encounter in daily lives that can be seen
by eyes and always happen in daily life such as when the wags its tail
as a gesture of friendliness.
b) Conventional symbol is usual words which exemplary, it means that
this one symbol deals with the words which is usually found to replace
other words but with the same meaning. For example, the word “man”
represents what it doesby the fact that it is a general mode of
succession of three sounds or signs of sounds established through a
habit or acquired law, which willcause replicas of it to be interpreted
as meaning a man or men.
Some conventional symbols are follows15:
1. Colour a) White : innocence, life, light, and purity. b) Blue : cool, calm, peaceful, serenity, eternity. c) Black : passivity, death, evil. d) Red : blood, passion, emotion, danger or daring. e) Green : new life, fertility, hope. f) Yellow : caution, decay, decrepitude, old age. g) Pink : innocence, feminity
2. Object a. Ring : long-term commitmen. b. Sword : protection, strength. c. Axe : battle, work. d. Crown : wealth.
14Liszka, James Jakob. 1996. A General Introduction To The Semiotic Of Charles Sanders Peirce. United State. Indiana University Press. P.124-126 15Liszka, James Jakob. 1996. A General Introduction To The Semiotic Of Charles Sanders Peirce. United State. Indiana University Press. P.124-126
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3. Clothing a. Mask : externalize demonic tendencies
4. Animal a. Buzzar/ vulture : death b. Donkey : humalitiy, patience, stupidity
5. Nature a. Water : washes away guilt, origin of life, regeneration, vehicle of cleanshing. b. Flower : beauty, youth, strength, gentleness. c. River : fluidity of life, stream of life and death.
c) Singular symbolis if the object of the symbol is an existent
individual, it means that symbols or forms that often stand alone or the
nature of the individual contained in lives without the need for a
partner or another symbol because it is already the fact that this one
symbol is always stand alone or have an individual nature for example
“moon”
B. Archetypal – Mythological
“Arch” is an adjectiveliterally means “chief” or “principal”. As a
prefix, it refers to highest or most important. Consider words like an
“archangel” or “archbishop”. “Type” from latin ”typus” means an “image”
or “impression”. It refers to general character, trait or structure commonly
held in a certain group or class. Archetypes can be; symbol, image,
character, and plot structures. In this discussion, the writer chooses this
approach to discuss about symbol. According to Jung, “our physic
archetypes are recurring patterns of images, symbol, theme, and stories that
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help us make sense iour lives. And this mythic level of the unconscious is a
source of creativity and health”16. It means, archetypal is a picture the
character in a work, and that picture is in unconscious part. Archetypal
usually tells what the meaning of an image, a symbol, a theme and a story
in a literary work. The symbol in a work is an abstract or implicit.
Archetypes may have orginated in the unchanging situations of human
beingssuch as the rotating seasons or the mysteries of death, but they are not
intentionally created or culturally acquired. Instead, they come instinctually
as impluses and knowledge hidden somewhere in human biological,
psychological, and social natures.
Archetypal literay critics thinks there is a realm of human
experience expressed in myths that goes deeper than any rational or
intellectual thinking. These critics can be called asmyth critics for short
believe the great literature that has proved to be of enduring appeal to
humans over the centuries is the literature that best reveals and expresses
this magical realm. The job of archtypal criticism is to identify those mythic
elements that give a work of literature this deeper resonance17.
Mythology encompasses more than grade school stories about Greek
and Roman deities or clever fables invented for the amusement of children
(or the harassment of student in college literature course), myths are
16Tim Gillespie. Doing Literary Criticism: Helping Student Engaged with challenged text.2010. Stenhouse Publisher. P.55 17Tim Gillespie. Doing Literary Criticism: Helping Student Engaged with challenged text.2010. Stenhouse Publisher. P.56
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symbolic projection of people's hope, values, fears, and aspiration.18
According to Alan W Watts, Myths is to be defined as a complex of stories -
some no doubt fact, and some fantasy - which, for various reasons, human
beings regard as demonstrations of the inner meaning of the universe and of
human life.19 It means, the myth is a complex stories that made by the
society, there is no fact of it, and it is a fantasy.They have different
perspective to give a meaning for that myth because the myth has ambiguity
of meaning in a place and another place. The meaning of myth is dynamic,
develop by the time.
Aristoteles said if myths is a narrative, story, that is be contrast with
word, exposition. Myths has characteristic like irrational and intuitive, not a
systematic philosophies.
“Mitos adalah naratif, cerita, yang dikontraskan dengan wacana dialetis, eksposisi. Mitos bersifat irasional dan intuitif, bukan uraian filosofis yang sistematis.”20
C. Social Approach
Talking about society, it relates to people, relationship, norms, pride,
economy, class status and anything else. As the opinion of Soekito in
literary journal Indonesia that: “sosiologi merupakan studi mengenai
masyarakat dalam suatu sistem sosial.”21 It can be described that in their
18Wilfred L. Guerin, Dkk. 2005. A Handbook Of Critical Approaches To Literature fifth edition. Oxford. Oxford University Press. P.183 19Wilfred L. Guerin, Dkk. 2005. A Handbook Of Critical Approaches To Literature fifth edition. Oxford. Oxford University Press. P.184 20Rene Wellek & Austin Warren. Translate by, Melani Budianta, 1989. Teori Kesusastraan. Jakarta: PT.Gramedia. P.242 21Soekito in Anang P, Doyin Mukh, dkk, Jurnal Sastra Indonesia: Bentuk Konflik dalam Kumpulan Cerpen Kembang-Kembang Genjer Karya Fransisca Ria Susanti, (Semarang: UNNES, 2013), p. 2
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society, people cannot separate from relationship to each people and
economy. Economy becomes a something crucial in society, not only as
determine as advance country or developed country but also as determine of
class social status. According Harrington:
“Social can be defined as the study of scientific ways of thinking. About social life, it encompasses ideas about how societies change and develop, about methods of explaining social behavior, about power and social structure, class, gender and ethnicity, modernity and civilization and utopias and numerous other concept and problems in social life.”22
Generally, social is everything about all of part that includes in
society. Between social, society and people there is a relationship that
cannot be separated. It is same like people in their society needs another
people to do everything; to communicate, to relate, and to do something that
each profitable. Society can give great influence to people that make
relation in there. Nyoman said, “dasar filosofis pendekatan sosiologis
adalah adanya hubungan yang hakiki antara karya sastra dan
masyarakat.”23 Social in literature is meant the social condition which
influenced when the author wrote the literary form. Sometimes, what the
literary work told, it gives a representation about the condition when the
literary work made.
This social approach is used because this approach has
methodological implication in the form of a fundamental understanding of
life in society. Moreover, the sociological approach is used also for the
relationship between literature and society. This approach also used to help
22Harrington Austin, Modren Social Theory An Introduction, (England: Oxford University Press, 2005), p. 1 23Nyoman Kuta Ratna, Teori, Metode, dan Teknik Penelitian Sastra, p.60
14
for understanding the theory of semiotic in film Kingdom of Heaven. This
will be sustainable because in the film element that is so visible is the social
interaction of the various elements of society.
D. Meaning of Symbol
Meaning is a goal from a word which found in a sentence, paragraph
or story. Meaning seems at once the most obvious feature of language and
the most obscure aspect to study. It is obvious because it is what language
used for—to communicate with each other, to convey 'what we mean'
effectively. But the steps in understanding something said to in a language
in which we are fluent are so rapid, so transparent, that we have little
conscious feel for the principles and knowledge which underlie this
communicative ability.24Its meaning is the meaning that is often used in
communicating to know something so that the direction of the conversation
becomes clear although it is not really important but in communicating,
meaning becomes important to know the purpose of a word.
According to Geoffrey Leech the word 'meaning' and its
corresponding verb 'to mean' are among the most eminently discussable
terms in the English Language, and semanticists have often seemed to
spend an immoderate amount of time puzzling out the 'meanings of
meaning' as a supposedly necessary preliminary to the study of their
subject.25
24https://www.linguisticsociety.org/resource/meaning-semantics-and-pragmatics. accesed on March 27 2018 25Geoffrey Leech. 1981. Semantics The Study Of Meaning. England. Penguin Book. P.1
15
Seven types of meaning:26
a) Conceptual Meaning
Conceptual or Denotative Meaning, Conceptual meaning is also
called logical or cognitive meaning. It is the basic propositional meaning
which corresponds to the primary dictionary definition. It is the essential
or core meaning.Sentences with the meaning Denotation is a sentence that
has words that mean according to the true meaning.
Example: Boy= human/male/adult.
Conceptual meaning deals with the core meaning of expression. It
is the denotative or literal meaning. It is essential for the functioning of
language. For example, a part of the conceptual meaning of ‘Needle” may
be “thin”, “sharp” or “instrument”. The aim of conceptual meaning is to
provide an appropriate semantic representation to a sentence or statement.
The conceptual meaning is the base for all the other types of meaning.
b) Connotative Meaning
Connotative meaning is the communicative value of an expression
over and above its purely conceptual content.The meaning of connotation
is a meaning that is not the true meaning of a word. The meaning of
connotation is usually an additional meaning of the basic meaning
developed in accordance with the situation encountered so that the
additional meaning is usually a sense of subjective value of its users. It
26Geoffrey Leech. 1981. Semantics The Study Of Meaning. England. Penguin Book. P.9- 23
16
also causes the meaning of a word's connotation not based on the
condition of truth.
Example: ‘woman’ is +human +female +adult but the psychosocial
connotations could be ‘gregarious’, ‘having maternal instinct’ or typical
(rather than invariable) attributes of womanhood such as ‘babbling’,’
experienced in cookery’, ‘skirt or dress wearing ‘etc.
c) Social Meaning
The meaning conveyed by the piece of language about the social
context of its use is called the social meaning. The decoding of a text is
dependent on our knowledge of stylistics and other variations of language.
It recognize some words or pronunciation as being dialectical i.e. as telling
us something about the regional or social origin of the speaker. Social
meaning is related to the situation in which an utterance is used.
Variation according to:
Dialect (the language of geographical region or of a social class)
Time (the language of the eighteenth century, etc.)
Province (language of law, of science, of advertising, etc.)
Status (polite, colloquial, slang, etc., language)
Modality ( language of memoranda, lectures, jokes, etc.)
Singularity (the style of Dickens, of Hemingway, etc.) d) Affective Meaning
17
It refers to emotive association or effects of words evoked in the
reader, listener. It is what is conveyed about the personal feelings or
attitude towards the listener.For Leech, affective meaning refers to what is
convey about the feeling and attitude of the speak through use of language
(attitude to listener as well as attitude to what he is saying). Affective
meaning is often conveyed through conceptual, connotative content of the
words used
e) Reflected Meaning
Reflected meaning is arises when a word has more than one
conceptual meaning or multiple conceptual meaning.Reflected meaning is
also found in taboo words. The word ‘intercourse’ immediately reminds us
of its association with sex (sexual intercourse). The sexual association of
the word drives away its innocent sense, i.e. ‘communication’. f) Collocative Meaning
Collocative meaning consists of the associations a word acquires
on account of the meanings of words which tend to occur in its
environment. Pretty and handsome share common ground in the meaning
‘good-looking’. But may be distiguished by the range of nouns with which
they are likely to co-occur or (to use the linguist’s term) collocate:
Pretty: girl, woman, flower, garden, colour, village, etc.
Handsome: boy, man, car, vessel, overcoat, airliner, typewriter, etc. g) Thematic Meaning
18
Thematic Meaning It refers to what is communicated by the way in
which a speaker or a writer organizes the message in terms of ordering
focus and emphasis. Thus active is different from passive though its
conceptual meaning is the same. The ways people order our message also
convey what is important and what not. This is basically thematic
meaning. It is often felt, for example, that an active sentence such as (1)
has a different meaning from its passive eqivalent (2), although in
conceptual content they seem to be the same:
1) Mrs Bessie Smith donated the first prize.
2) The first prize was donated by Mrs Bessie Smith.
The writer uses connotative meaning to explain the formulation of
problem from this thesis, because writer wants to show that symbols from
this film have different meaning from real meaning. Therefore the writer
uses the connotative meaning to help writer explain the problem.
E. Film
Film is a communication media that is very important for to
communicate about a reality that happen in daily activity. Film is a medium
of communication rich with social implication, created within different
social, historical and cultural contexts27. Film’s idiosyncratic modes of
presentation suc as camera angle, editing, montage, slow, and fast motion
often parallel features of literary texts or can be explained within a textual
27Whanau, Tory: “Film”. Career Development and Employment Information Series. November 2011. Issue No.59. Web 22 Jan 2018.
19
framework28 According Kridalaksana film is (alat media massa yang
mempunyai sifat liha dengar (audio – visual) dan dapat mencapai khalayak
yang banyak)29. Film can tell and describe about real story or fictive story
which have own human mind. In this era people can find many ganre film
such as romantic, horor, comedy, scream, action and others. Thus, film will
not lose from human life and people should know that film has many
genres.
Film is often applied to a motion picture that is considered by
critics and scholars to be more serious or challenging than the movies that
entertain the masses at the multiplex30. In film, as in other genres, film also
has elements to support it. Such as basic of intrinsic elements of novel, so
does the film. Film also has theme, plot, characterization, setting and point
of view. The setting is derived into three part; place, time and atmosphere.
The symbols in this film, Kingdom of Heaven can be found in the setting of
this film.
Mario Klarer makes specific of the intrinsic elements of the film.
He makes a difference of the ellements in novel and film. The most essential
elements of film can be subsumedunder the demension of space, time, and
sound31. Mario klarer also divides the elements of film into three parts:
spartial dimension; film stock, lighting, camera angle, camera movement,
28Klarer Mario, An Introduction To Literary Studies second edition, (New York: Routledge Taylor and Francis Froup, 2004), p.56 29http://www.landasanteori.com/2015/10/pengertian-film-definisi-menurut-para.html. accesed on February 11 2018 30Richard Barsham and Dave Manahan. 2009. Looking at Movies: An Introduction to film 3rd ed. New York: W.W Norton & Company, Inc. P.3 31Mario Klarer. 2004. An Introduction to Literary Studies. New York: Rouledge. P.59
20
point of view, editing, and montage. Temporal Dimension; slow and fast
motion, plot film, length of film, flash back, and foreshadowing, and Acostic
Dimension; Dioalogue, music, and sound effect. It can make the difference
between other elements of works and the element of film.
Like as other literary works, film also has any genres. From the
kind of film, film is divided into three parts: fiction film, documentary film,
and communities film. From the length of film, film is divided into two
parts; long film and short film. In film, as in other genres, varios levels
contribute to the overall impression. This medium, which strongly relies in
technical aspects, has several important, uniquely cinematic features with
their own terminology.
F. Review of related literature
These are some researches about symbol those the writer found in
some sources. The first reseach is “The Nature Symbols As Reflected In
Emily Dickinson’s Selected Poems” by Raden Suharpan in 2010 from The
State Institute For Islamic Studies Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi. The
destination of this research is to make the writer can give the explanation
about the symbols meaning found in Emily Dickinson’s poem. Then, the
writer comperesbetween language meanings taken from Oxford Dictionary
by Hornby’s book and the writer also relationship with the author. In this
research the writer used the symbol theory to get the image meaning in the
symbols explanation from Emily Dickinson’s poem. From this research the
21 writer found twenty eight of the animal and the nature symbols used to describe the form or the characters of person.
The second research is “The Analysis of Symbol as Reflected in
Characteristic of Main Characters in The Novel The Bridges of Medison
County by Robert James Waller” by Yunus Susanto in 2012 from The State
Institute For Islamic Studies Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi. The purpose of this study is: 1. Finding symbols contained in the novel The Bridges of madison county which are reflected by the writerto the role of the main character namely Robert Kincaid as photographer Robert Kincaid and
Francesca Johnson as a farmer’s wife. 2. How to researchers here reflect the symbols that have been found with the characteristic that is on the main character, so coms the meaning and intent in the symbol by using a theory that has been chosen by the researchers that hermeneutic or interpretation.
The writer uses the hermeneutic theory and archetypal approach to support the writing of this thesis. This study used qualitative methods, and also uses descriptive techniques to describe and analyze the data. The result of the analysis of this thesis is the writer found some symbols are interpreted by the existing theory and makes an interpretation has really meaning without prejudice and guidelines existing, symbol as evidence and the culmination of this analysis was the emergance of the conflict as well certainly inthe novel, and it was related to the characteristic of the main character.
The third research is “The Mystical Symbols of Freemasonry Used on
The USA Goverment’s Images as Describe in Dan Brown’s Novel; The Lost
22
Symbol” by Tika Puspitasari from The State Institute For Islamic Studies
Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi. The purpose of this research are understanding the meanings of the mystical symbols of Freemasonry used on the USA government’s image based on Dan Brown’s Novel; The Lost
Symbol, revealing the Freemasonry influence brings to the USA goverment as reflected in Dan Brown’s Novel; The Lost Symbol. The writer used semiotic theory of Pierce works which focused on the semiotic study of image, mythology and archetypal approach of Carl Gustav Jung and using the concept of the meaning of the symbol of the nature of symbolic meaning as a symbol consisting of cryptic meaning. Freemasonry is a secret society, but had longthey imply the presence of symbols which became a series of secret mystery to them, especially in Washington D.C, the superpower country.
From the review related above, the writer also analyzed the symbolism, but the difference is the object of this research is Kingdom of
Heaven film and the writer uses archetypal – mythological aproach to analyze the Kingdom of Heaven film. For theory the writer used same theory that is symbolism theory to analyze this research, the writer will only analyze the symbols that found in Kingdom of Heaven film.
CHAPTER III METHOD OF RESEARCH
A. Design of Research
In this research, the writer uses the qualitative descriptive method. This
method is suitable with the aim of this research. Qualitative research is
tending to be used in analyzing. In the qualitative research, the data will be
explained with the words in the sentences. According to Bodgan and Taylor,
“Penelitian kualitatif adalah prosedur penelitian yang menghasilkan data
deskriptif berupa kata-kata tertullis dari orang-orang yang dapat diamati ”32.
Qualitative research is a research procedure that produce descriptive data in
the form of written words and from people that can be observed. It means
that, characterictic of the qualitative is analytic descriptive data spoken words
of the person or behavior being reserched.According to Nawawi,
”Metode deskriptif dapat diartikan sebagai prosedur pemecahan masalah yang diselidiki dengan menggambarkan atau melukiskan keadaan subjek atau objek penelitian (novel, drama, cerita pendek, puisi) pada saat sekarang berdasarkan fakta-fakta yang tampak atau sebagaimana adanya”33.
It means that desriptive method can be defined as a problem solving
procedure investigated by describing the state of the subject or object in the
research.
The writer uses qualitative descriptive method to explain the
materials because it analyzes the nature of objects, to describe a situation
32 Margono. Metode Penelitian. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta, 2007. P.36 33Siswantoro. Metode Penelitian Sastra. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2010. P.56 23
24
systematically, problem, phenomenon, or provide information about living
condition of a community, or describe attitude towards an issue. The form of
data are found and analysis the symbols in this film. Thus, the analysis will be
explained in form of picture and script.
In this research the writer focuses on the symbols in Kingdom of
Heaven film. Thus as stated below, the qualitative descriptive research will be
used to analyze about the symbols which found in this film.
B. Source of Data
In this research the writer takes the source of data from Kingdom of
Heaven film. Kingdom of Heaven is a film directly by Ridley Scott at May
6th 2005 with 309 minutes duration. The writer gets the film from lk21.org
and the script from the subscene.com, the writer will take the data from the
main characters utterence in the script and also the picture in the Kingdom of
Heaven film by Ridley Scott.
C. Technique of Data Collection
The purpose of data collection is to get information related with the
topics. There are many ways to collect the data, like Chaterine Marshal and
Gretchen B. Rossman stated that: “the fundamental methods relied on by
qualitative researchers for gathering information are, participation in the
setting, direct observation, in-depth interviewing, document review”34. It
means that in the qualitative research there are some methods to collect the
data, there are participation in the setting, direct observation, interview and
34Sugiono. Metode Penelitian Pendidikan. Bandung: Alfabeta, 2012. P.309
25
document review. The writer uses documentation to get information and
analyze the problem of the research.
“Dokumentasi merupakan catatan peristiwa yang sudah berlalu. Dokumntasi bisa berbentuk tulisan, gambar, atau karya-karya monumental dari seseorang. Dokumen yang berbentuk karya seni, burupa karya misalnya gambar, film, dan lain-lainnya”35.
Documentation is a record of past events. Documentation may be in the
form of writing , drawing, or monumental works of a person. Documents in
the form of works of art, in the form of works such as pictures, films and
other.
It means that, documentation refers to how to record the events in form
of document, a note or file that seved, it is about events or something that has
occured in the past. There some forms of them as kinds of documentation.
They are picture and literary work by someone. Document in the form of
artwork such as image, sculptures, films and etc.
The writer uses documentation techinique to collect the data in this
research because based on statement above, the form of documentation can be
a text, picture or literary work. The writer collects the data from Kingdom of
Heaven film and it is one of literary work that part of document. The writer
takes the data by watching film and reading the script
D. Technique of Data Analysis
After collecting the data, the writer analyzes the data. In qualitative
research, tecnique of data analysis is applied to answer the formulation
problem. Bodgan stated that:
35Sugiono. Metode Penelitian Pendidikan. Bandung: Alfabeta, 2012. P.312
26
“Analisis data adalah proses mencari dan menyusun secara sistematis data yang diperoleh dari hasil wawancara, catatan lapangan, dan bahan-bahan lain, sehingga dapat mudah dipahami, dan temuannya dapat diinformasikan kepada orang lain”36.
Data analysis is the process of searching and arranging systematically
data obtained from interviews, field notes, and other materials, so that it can
be easily understood, and findings can be informed to others, it means that
analyzing data means looking for the data related to problem formulation
through interviews, field notes and other materials and then organizing them
systematically to be easily understood and informed to others.
The writer applies descriptive analysis tecnique. Descriptive analysis
seeks information and describes a phenomenon in detail. In this research the
writer gets the data from picture and script in the film. Thus, those are must
be explain with the academic sentence because this is a scientific research.
The writer has some steps in analyzing the data in order to make this
research more specific such are:
1. Identification
The writer identifies the data which correlateto the picture, to find
the symbols in Kingdom of Heaven film.
2. Classification
The writer classifies the data into relevant categories. That the
categories of picture correlation with the symbols in Kingdom of Heaven
36Prastowo, Andi. Metode Penelitian Kualitatif dalam Perspektif Rancangan Penelitian. Yogyakarta: Ar-ruzz Media, 2011. P.208
27
film. With the category will help the writer to find ideas in each data and
know how concepts to complicated the research.
3. Analysis, describing and explaining
The writer analyses, describes and gives the explanation based on
the question uses the symbolism theory, archetypal-mythological
approach to complete the answers.
4. Conclusion
After all the data has been analyzing, describing and explaining in
the research, the writer makes the conclusion of the research base on the
theory.
CHAPTER IV
FINDING ANALYSIS
4.1 The Kind of the Conventional Symbol Found in Kingdom Of Heaven
Film by Ridley Scott
The symbol is the first choice to be written by the writer. There are many symbols in Kingdom of Heaven film. Conventional symbol can be found in setting of film or dialogue of film, and the kind of the conventional symbol which is found in the film has some parts of symbol such as; colour symbol, object symbol, cloathing symbol animal symbol, and nature symbol. Based on the kinds of symbol in conventional symbol that writer found in this film the writer has devided each kinds of conventional symbol can see in appendix I.
4.1.1 Colour Symbol
The symbol of colour is one of part from the conventional symbol
which found in Kingdom of Heaven film. There are some colour symbols
which found in this film such as white, blue, and red. The writer will
analysis the meaning from the symbols which found in setting of film and
dialogue of film. There are some things which are shown in Kingdom of
Heaven:
4.1.1.1 White Symbols
There are many white colour which found in this film, but in
this research just some of the object which has meaning to clarify
28
29 something. White can be found in the early scene of this film, there are many things showed white colour.
a. The white crusaders clothes.
b. The white city of Jarusalem.
c. The shroud.
d. The snow.
e. The white horse.
f. The white king clothes.
Picture 2: white Horse
The picture above show when Balian and Godfrey go to
Mesina harbor before arrived in Jarusalem. There, Balian meet with
Guy De Lusignan the leader of templar army and the husband of
Jarusalem’s Queen Sybillia.
White also can be found in the Kingdom when Balian meet with the king of Jarusalem. In the kingdom, it can be seen that the king talk to Balian, it is shown in this picture below.
30
Picture 3:Jarusalem’s King
Picture 4: The White King Clothes
The pictures above were when Balian met with the king of
Jarusalem in Jarusalem Kingdom that is the first meeting for them.
The king Baldwin IV told Balian that Godfrey Balian’s father had became like his father and the king always respect and care with
Godfrey because Godfrey always gave attention to Baldwin IV.
4.1.1.2 Blue Symbols
Beside white colour, blue colour also found in Kingdom of
Heaven film. There are many things which used by blue colour in this film. But just for some which is has a meaning to clarify to something . Blue also can be found in Kingdom of Heaven film, there are many things that found in this film, such as:
a. Blue Clothes Balian.
b. Blue clothes crusaders.
c. Blue Sky.
31
d. Blue Sea
Picture 5
Picture 6: Blue Sky
The pictures above shown when the morning atmosphere where the bishop and others buried a woman who died of suicide, the woman was Balian's wife. The three of them were given the task of the pastor to bury Balian's wife from the great Priestess. Balian, who was depressed because of losing his wife, must be put in place by other residents in the church.
Picture 7
32
Picture 8: Blue Sea
The pictures above shown when Balian, Godfrey and the others arrived at the port of Messina. Mesinna Port was the only starting place for pilgrims or crusaders who want to go to Jerusalem.
At this port Balian and Godfrey met Guy de Lusignan who was the leader of the Templar army.
4.1.1.3 Red Symbols
The red color is also one of the color symbols of the white and blue colors found in the film Kingdom of Heaven. Many objects can be found that relate to the red color in this film. But in this research just some of object which has meaning to clarify somethig such as:
a. Red Flags.
b. Red Clothes Crusader.
c. Fire.
Picture 9: fire
33
The picture above shown when Balian who was at work,
visited by his half-brother, his brother told Balian to go along with
the Crusaders who came to him because no village wanted Balian to
stay. Balian, who was annoyed to hear the words of his half-brother
seeing his wife's necklace that had died used by his brother, made
Balian even more upset and killed his brother by pushing him to the
embers behind him.
4.1.2 Object symbol
Object symbol is one of part from conventional symbol which found in Kingdom of Heaven film. There are some object symbols which found in this film such as ring, sword, crown, and axe. The writer analyses the meaning from the symbols which found in this film that can be found in setting of film and dialogue of film.
a. Ring
b. Sword
c. Crown
Picture 10
34
The picture above shows the ring which is used by priest not
only a jewelry but the ring have a meaning for this film and the ring
is one of the object symbol which found in this film.
4.1.3 Cloathing symbol
Clothing symbol is one part of the conventional symbols contained in the Kingdom of Heaven film. There is one clothing symbol which is found in this film, the mask symbol. The writer will explain the meaning of the symbols found in this film which are from the background of the place and dialogue.
a. Mask
Picture 11
4.1.4 Animal symbol
Animal symbol is one part of the conventional symbols contained in the film Kingdom of Heaven. There are two animal symbols in this film namely buzzard or vulture, and donkey symbols. The writer will explain the meaning of the symbols that found in this film which are from the background and dialogue.
a. Buzzard or vulture
b. donkey
35
Picture 12
4.1.5 Nature symbol
Nature symbol is one part of conventional symbols contained in
theKingdom of Heaven film. There is one symbol of nature in this film that
is water, the writer will explain the meaning of the symbols found in this
film which are from the place although dialogue.
a. Water
b. Flower
c. River
Picture 13
4.2 The Meaning of the Symbols are Found in Kingdom of Heaven Film by
Ridley Scott
There are many symbols in Kingdom of Heavenfilm and the symbols of conventional are related to some objects are found in this film. The conventional which attaches to the object in this film also influences the meaning of some object are found in Kingdom of Heaven film. The conventional symbol can be
36 found in setting of film, and dialogue of film. There are some conventional symbols in Kingdom of Heaven film such as colour symbols, object symbol, cloathing symbol, animal symbol, and nature symbol. The colour are found in
Kingdom of Heaven film like; blue is found in crusader shirt, the flag from crusader. Beside blue colour, there are others colours like; white, and red. The object symbol can be found in Kingdom of Heaven film such as; ring, sword, and crown. The cloathing symbol can be found in Kingdom of Heaven film is mask.
The animal symbol can be found in Kingdom of Heaven film like; Buzzard or vulture, and donkey and the last symbol of nature symbol is water.
4.2.1 Colour Symbol
a. White
According to Pierce in Liszka’s book, the colour of white has
meaning innocence, life, light, purity.37 Based on that statement, the
writer found the same meaning from white colour, it looks like at the
scene that writer take in this film.
Picture 1438
37Liszka, James Jakob. A General Introduction To The Semiotic Of Charles Sanders Peirce. P.124-126 38 Duration 00:36:58
37
Picture 1539
(Dialogue 1)
Godfrey : Be without fear in the face of your enemies. Be brave and upright that God may love thee. Speak the truth, always, even if it leads to your death. Safeguard the helpless, and do no wrong. That is your oath. Godfrey : And that’s so you remember it. Hospitale r : Rise a knight, and Baron of Ibelin. Godfrey : Defend the king. If the king is no more, protect the people.40
These scene happened when Godfrey was dying, Godfrey as a
nobility from the Jarusalem Kingdom that had place and herd one day
returned home in search of his son in France. On the way back to the
kingdom when he found his son was Balian, Godfrey and troops be
insulted by the nephew’s troops that wanted to the Godfrey’s
possessions and power. But they were failed to kill Godfrey and his
troops. After that accident Godfrey felt his death had been near,
Godfrey made the process of dividing into couplets for his son to
become nobility to change his position on the Jarusalem Kingdom. At
that time, all of Godfey’s guard wore white shirt to carry out the
sacred rite.
39 Duration 00:37:12 40http://www.dailyscript.com/scripts/The_Kingdom_of_Heaven.pdf
38
Thus based on the scenes above the writer conclude that the
white color symbol in the film has a purity meaning among the
crusader forces, and this is seen when the Balian scene becomes a
noble. Where the atmosphere of the ritual place is so holy without
anything else.
The writer also found the meaning of the white symbol in the
scene 00:46:12 until 00:48:11.
Picture 1641
Picture 1742
This scene shows Balian who was standing on a hill while
looking at the place where Jesus was crucified, seen behind Balian as
he stood on the hill of the white city of Jerusalem during the day. At
that time, Balian was stranded on the edge of the beach because the
ship carrying a group of people who wanted to go to Jerusalem was
destroyed in the waves in the middle of the sea. Balian who managed
41 Duration 00:46:12 42 Duration 00:48:11
39
to survive tried to go to the kingdom of Jerusalem without knowing
where it was, when in the middle of the road Balian met the Saracen
warriors who wanted to take Balian's horse. They fought until finally
killing one of the Saracens knights, and he asked one of the Saracens
to send him to the Jerusalem kingdom. Arriving there, Balian went
straight to find where Jesus was crucified, and finally Balian stood in
the hill in front of the place where Jesus was crucified.Seen visible
from the beginning of the arrival of Balian, the city of white Jerusalem
shone in the morning until the afternoon because the sun always
shines on the city.
Based on scene above the writer focuses on the white color of
the city of Jerusalem where when Balian stood, behind him could be
seen the city of white Jerusalem. It shows the meaning of the white
city of Jerusalem is light, life for people who come to the city of
Jerusalem.
b. Blue
Blue colour according to Pierce in Liszka’s book has the
meaning of peace, serenity, cool, calm, and heaven.43 Based on the
statement, the writer found the similarity of meaning from blue, it was
seen from the scene that the writer took in this film.
43Liszka, James Jakob. A General Introduction To The Semiotic Of Charles Sanders Peirce. P.124-126
40
Picture 1844
Picture 1945
(Dialogue 2)
Tiberias : That I would rather live with people than kill them is certainly why you are alive. Guy : That sort of Cristianity has its uses. I suppose. Tiberias : We cannot have war with Saladin. We will not win it. And, yes, we do not want it. Templars : Blashpemy, blashpemy.46 The scene above shows when Tiberias and Guy were arguing
about the war against the forces of Salahudin. Before their debate
occurred, the Templar forces led by Guy and Reynald attacked the
group of saracens and killed them all, this caused the Salahudin troops
angry and asked the crusaders to surrender because it had damaged
the peace agreement. The king and his troops made a meeting to
discuss the statement of Saladin, Guy and the Templars who wore
44Duration 00:22:00 45Duration 00:22:17 46http://www.dailyscript.com/scripts/The_Kingdom_of_Heaven.pdf
41
white clothes wanted the war with Saladin's army to take place, but on
the other hand Tiberias and its troops using blue clothes did not want
it, it happened because they felt the crusader forces were not able to
defeat Saladin's army.
Based on scene above the writer focuses on the blue color used
by Tiberias and his troops in the form of their clothes. In this scene
Tiberias and his troops did not want a war against Saladin's troops
because they preferred to live side by side with humans rather than kill
him. Tiberias's words were clearly visible in the dialogue between him
and Guy. This shows the meaning of blue which means peace and it is
proven in the dialogue.
Picture 2047
Picture 2148
47 Duration 02:20:22 48 Duration 02:21:51
42
The scene above shows Balian standing in front of hundreds of
people from the kingdom of Jerusalem who will fight against Saladin's
army. Before Saladin's army arrived, the kingdom of Jerusalem which
was left by all the knights of the Crusaders to go attack Saladin's
troops was killed by all of Saladin's forces. The kingdom that was
abandoned by all the knights made Balian take over the kingdom and
led the people to defend the city, when all the people who were
desperate because of their abandoned knights made Balian stood in
front of them all and made them calm with speeches that were very
eager to defend the city.
Based on scene above the blue color shows the meaning of
calmness to others. And in this case the writer focuses on the blue
clothes that Balian used to lead and defend the kingdom of Jerusalem
which was surrounded by Saladin's forces.
c. Red
The red color according to Pierce in Liszka’s book has the
meaning of blood, passion, emotion, danger, or daring.49 Based on the
statement, the writer found the similarity of the meaning of the red
color. In this case the writer focused on the Saladin’s flag army.
49Liszka, James Jakob. A General Introduction To The Semiotic Of Charles Sanders Peirce. P.124-126
43
Picture 2250
Picture 2351
(Dialogue 3)
Saladin : Pull back your cavalry. The King :I pray you retire unharmed to Damascus. The King : Reynald of Chatillon will be punished. I swear it. Withdraw, or we all die here. Saladin : I will send you my physicians. The King : Do we have terms? Saladin : We have terms.52
The two images above tell of Saladin's troops who met the
crusader army. Saladin's troops who came with full force to attack the
early fortress of the kingdom of Jerusalem which was in Kerak leader
by Reynald, they came to avenge the attack of the Templars on a
group of Saracens.
From the picture above the writertook the meaning of the red
color from the flag army into the meaning of warning or danger for
50 Duration 01:31:41 51 Duration 01:33:48 52 http://www.dailiyscript.com/scripts/The_Kingdom_Of_Heaven.pdf
44
the crusaders. Because Saladin and his troops would attack the Kerak
Castle, but were intercepted by crusader forces led by King Baldwin
IV. Saladin warned the crusaders to retreat to avoid bloodshed
between the two forces.
The writer also found the another meaning from red colour in
the scane 02:35:30 until 02:35:32.
Picture 2453
The red color in the picture above had a daring meaning and it is
seen from the scene above when Saladin's army dared to raise their
war flag.Because in the scene Saladin's troops who tried hard and
dared to fly their war flag over the fortress of Jerusalem did not feel
afraid of being killed by the Jerusalem army.
4.2.2 Object Symbol
A. Ring
Ring symbol according Pierce in Liszka’s book has meaning
long-term commitment.54Based on the statement, the writer found the
similarity of meaning from ring, it was seen from the scene that the
writer took in this film.
53 Duration 02:35:30 54Liszka, James Jakob. A General Introduction To The Semiotic Of Charles Sanders Peirce. P.124-126
45
Picture 2555
Picture 2656
The picture above shows Godfrey gave the ring to Balian at a
sacred ceremony. Godfrey who brought his troops to look for his son
to France where he lived, finally found Balian who was the son of
Godfrey. Godfrey invited Balian to come with him to the Jerusalem
kingdom to live there. Balian, who was with Godfrey, was chased by
Godfrey's nephew, who was the son of a nobleman from France where
Balian lived. Balian was chased for killing the Bishop in his residence.
Godfrey who was the father of Balian did not accept if Balian was
brought back to France, the battle between Godfrey's army and the
French aristocratic forces took place. Godfrey, who was hit by a
sword stab, finally won the battle, when Godfrey was dying he made
his son's appointment to replace him as a nobleman in the kingdom of
Jerusalem.
55 Duration 00:38:01 56 Duration 00:38:04
46
Based on scene above the writer found the symbol of the ring
which has a commitment meaning. And this was seen when Godfrey
gave his royal ring to Balian when he was dying. Godfrey hopes
Balian can replace his position in the Jerusalem kingdom.
B. Sword
Sword symbol according Pierce in Liszka’s book has meaning
protection, and strength.57Based on the statement, the writer found the
similarity of meaning from sword, it was seen from the scene that the
writer took in this scene.
In this film there are two different forms of swords, namely the
sword of the crusaders who form a straight cross, while the Muslim
sword that has a curved shape resembles a crescent.
Picture 2758
Picture 2859
57Liszka, James Jakob. A General Introduction To The Semiotic Of Charles Sanders Peirce. P.124-126 58Duration 00:23:05 59Duration 00:23:45
47
(Dialogue 4)
Hospitaler : His hand is hurt, my lord. Godfrey : I have fought two days with an arrow through a testicle. Godfrey : Never take a low guard. Watch. (he raises the sword above his head) like this. This guard by the Italians is called la posta di falcone . . . one strike from hight. Like this. Do it.60
The picture above shows Godfrey training Balian using a sword.
Balian who went to follow his father Godfrey stopped midway to rest,
they practiced before they would continue their journey to the
kingdom of Jerusalem. Godfrey tried to train Balian using a sword, he
wanted to see whether Balian could fight or not. Godfrey told the
procedure of using the sword correctly, and told the use of the sword.
Thus based on scene above the sword has a protective meaning.
Because from these scene above told that Godfrey who trained Balian
using a sword to protect himself and their priority to be saved.
Godfrey who trained Balian using the sword wanted to see how Balian
defended himself and taught him to use the right sword.
C. Crown
Crown symbol according Pierce in Liszka’s book have wealth
meaning.61Based on the statement, the author found the similarity of
meaning from crown, it was seen from the scene that the writer took in
this film.
60 http://dailyscript.com/scripts/The_Kingdom_Of _Heaven.pdf 61Liszka, James Jakob. A General Introduction To The Semiotic Of Charles Sanders Peirce. P.124-126
48
Picture 2962
Picture 3063
The picture above shows the nephew of King Baldwin IV being
appointed king of Jerusalem replacing his uncle for death. After the
death of King Baldwin IV because of the leprosy he had suffered from
adolescence, which destroyed his entire body and resulted in death.
Finally, the king's position was replaced by his nephew.
Based on the scene above the writer took the symbol of the
crown with the meaning of wealth.Because the crown can only be
used by kings and queens, the king who presides over all his
kingdoms and states has abundant wealth, and many troops and loyal
to the king.
62 Duration 01:56:12 63 Duration 01:56:17
49
4.2.3 Cloathing symbol
a. Mask
The symbol of the mask according to Pierce in Liszka’s book
has the meaning of externalize demonic tendencies.64 Based on this
statement, the author finds the similarity of the meaning of the mask
symbol. It was seen in the scene that the writer took in this film.
Picture 3165
Picture 3266
The picture above shows Saladin's troops meeting with the
crusaders led by King Baldwin IV. These two troops met in the Kerak
region where Saladin's troops wanted to attack the Kerak leader by
Reynal De Catilon. But Saladin's army was confronted by crusader
forces which in the event brought together two great leaders, Saladin
who was the king or leader of the Muslim community and king
64Liszka, James Jakob. A General Introduction To The Semiotic Of Charles Sanders Peirce. P.124-126 65 Duration 01:32:46 66 Duration 01:33:44
50
Baldwin IV who was the leader of the Christian army. These two great
leaders negotiated so that one of them would retreat so that there
would not be bloodshed.
Based on the scene abovethe writer took that the symbol of the
mask is externalize demonic tendencies meaning.Because King
Baldwin IV tried to avoid the battle with Saladin's army and he tried
to keep Muslims and Christians in peace so there would not be
bloodshed.
4.2.4 Animal Symbol
a. Buzzard or Vulture
The Buzzard symbol or vulture according to Pierce in Liszka’s
book has the meaning of death.67 Based on the statement above, the
writer found the similarity of the meaning of the Buzzard or vulture
symbol. This is seen from the scene below.
Picture 3368
67Liszka, James Jakob. A General Introduction To The Semiotic Of Charles Sanders Peirce. P.124-126 68 Duration 02:16:23
51
Picture 3469
The picture above shows that the crusaders leader by Guy were
all killed by Saladin's troops. After the death of King Baldwin IV and
power replaced by his nephew who turned out to have the same illness
as his uncle, making Sybillia the younger sister of King Baldwin IV
give his Jerusalem royal power to her husband or Guy. An arrogant
Guy who hated muslims so much that he declared war on Saladin's
army. But in the end Guy and his crusaders were all killed by Saladin's
forces because of Guy's ignorance and arrogance.
Based on the scene above the writer took the buzzard or vulture
symbol with the meaning of death.Because every time there is a
buzzard or vulture there is always death around it and this can also be
seen in the scene above, the corpses of crusader troops scattered
around are surrounded by buzzard
b. Donkey
Donkey symbol according to Pierce in Liszka’s book has the
meaning humility, patience, and stupidity.70 Based on the statement
69 Duration 02:16:34 70Liszka, James Jakob. A General Introduction To The Semiotic Of Charles Sanders Peirce. P.124-126
52
above, the writerfound the similarity of the meaning of the donkey
symbol. This is seen from the scene below.
Picture 3571
Picture 3672
The picture above shows that Guy, who was then king of
Jerusalem, was captured and bound by Saladin's troops and paraded in
front of Saladin's troops using donkeys before the war broke out. Guys
and crusaders who came to attack Saladin's army had to die because of
Guy's stupidity and arrogance. The unavailability of water and the
distance of Saladin's troops made the crusaders exhausted and did not
have the energy to fight. This opportunity was used by Saldin's troops
and killed all the crusaders by leaving Guy alone alive.
Based on the scene above the writer took the donkey with the
meaning of stupidity. Because the writer found that Guy's stupidity of
71 Duration 02:29:53 72 Duration 02:30:02
53
leading a crusade that killed all of his troops, leaving no one alive
except himself.
4.2.5 Nature symbol
a. Water
The water symbol according to Pierce in Liszka’s book means
guilt away washes, origin of life, regeneration, and vihicle of
cleanshing.73 Based on this statement, the writer finds the similarity of
the meaning of the water symbol. this is seen from the scene that the
writer took in this film.
Picture 3774
Picture 3875
Picture 3976
73Liszka, James Jakob. A General Introduction To The Semiotic Of Charles Sanders Peirce. P.124-126 74 Duration 01:09:56 75 Duration 01:15:38
54
The picture above shows Balian who was in Ibelin trying to find
water in his dry land. Balian who was the son of Godfrey, one of the
nobles from the kingdom of Jerusalem who had a place to live in
Ibelin arrived in the kingdom of Jerusalem. He replaced his father's
position in the kingdom of Jerusalem and became a nobleman in
Ibelin. Balian and his troops returned to Ibelin and saw that his father's
land was so dry, and he took the initiative to dig the ground to find
water. Balian and all the people in Ibelin worked together to dig the
soil to get water until they finally got it.
From the picture abovethe writer found the water symbol which
is a symbol of nature in the film Kingdom of Heaven, has the origin of
life meaning. it can be seen from the picture above which originally
the Ibelin land which was only dry, dusty and plantless land has now
become fertile land and has a lot of rice fields for Ibelin people thanks
to the water they are looking for together.
b. Flower
The flower according to Pierce in Liszka’s book has the
meaning of beuty, strength, youth, and gentleness.77 Based on the
statement, the writer found similarity of the meaning the flower.
76 Duration 01:15:49 77Liszka, James Jakob. A General Introduction To The Semeiotic Of Charles SandersPeirce. P.124-126
55
Picture 4078
The picture above shows the troops of Godfrey and Balian who
are resting on their way to Jerusalem. Some of Godfrey's troops
warmed their bodies in the cold weather that was happening, one of
Godfrey's forces who were again throwing water near the tree was
seen looking at a beautiful purple flower next to it. Shortly after he
held the flower, Godfrey's nephew troops came and killed Godfrey's
army, a war ensued between their two troops.
From the picture above the writer finds that the symbol of the
flower has a beautiful meaning. Because when one of Godfrey's men
looked at and held the flower the beauty of the flower distracted him
from the conditions around him that made him be struck by Godfrey's
nephew force that made him die.
c. River
The river according to Pierce in Liszka’s book has the meaning
fluidity of life, stream of life and death.79 Based on the statement, the
writer found similarity of the meaning the river.
78 Duration 00:24:21 79Liszka, James Jakob. A General Introduction To The Semeiotic Of Charles Sanders Peirce. P.124-126
56
Picture 4180
The picture above shows one of Godfrey's men stood defecating
on the riverbank of their resting place before reaching the port of
Mesina. One of Godfrey's men who saw it scolded him for polluting
the river which became a source of water for them and told him to
move to find another place. Godfrey's nephew came and wanted to
pick Balian back to French soil to account for Balian having killed the
bishop who was his half-brother. Godfrey and his troops did not want
Balian to return and finally a war between the two forces resulted in
several of Godfey's troops dying.
From the picture above the writer finds that the river has
meaning stream of life and death. Because Godfrey's troops who were
resting on the edge of the river and Godfrey's nephew troops who had
come to make war take place between the two forces made death take
place on the riverbank where they were resting.
4.3 The Influence of The Object Symbolism to The Main Character’s in
Kingdom of Heaven Film by Ridley Scott
Godfrey, a knight and nobleman from the kingdom of Jerusalem, returned to
France to look for his son. Balian, who is Godfrey's son, was hit by the loss of his
80 Duration 00:22:20
57 wife who committed suicide. Balian was a blacksmith in his residence, Godfrey who knew that Balian was his son, invited Balian to stay with him to Jerusalem.
In the middle of the trip, they stopped to take a break.
Godfrey tried to train Balian to use a sword to make Balian survived and have the power to fight when war broke out. Godfrey told the procedure of using the right sword and tells the technique to fight the enemy using the sword.
Arriving at the port of Mesina, Godfrey was dying to make a sacred ceremony. He gave the royal ring to Balian to be his successor in the kingdom of Jerusalem.
Godfrey hoped that by giving the ring, Balian was committed to protecting the king and when the king died Balian must protect the people of Jerusalem.
When war would occur because of Saladin's troops who had surrounded the kingdom of Jerusalem. Balian was leading the army and the people of Jerusalem to defend the kingdom using the king's blue war clothes. It made him more calm in thinking and facing problems because he had the commitment, principles and strength to protect himself and his people from Saladin's forces.
Based on the question number one the writer have found there are some many symbol which found in Kingdom of Heaven film such as symbol; white colour, red colour, blue colour, sword, crown, ring, mask, bluzzard or vulture, donkey, and water. For all of the symbol the writer just use three symbol that has influenced and related with the main character likes; ring, sword, and blue colour symbols.
58
4.3.1 The Sword Influence Balian becomes stronger to protect people
of Jarusalem
Swords are the main weapon that is often used in war films, especially in the Kingdom of Heaven film. In each of these movie scenes the writer often finds the sword symbol in every scene. Balian, who is the main character in this film, cannot be separated from the symbol of the sword.
The sword is the first protection tool used by knights in this film. By using
Balian's sword to become a real knight, he protected the people around him, his troops, and his king.
When Saladin's army came to attack the castle of Kerak, Balian came to try to hold Saladin's army until the crusaders arrived. He saw that there were still many people outside the castle, and he tried to protect the community until he entered the castle. Balian's actions trying to protect the people from the attack of Saladin's forces made him a knight who was recognized by the queen of Jerusalem, Sybilia.
Picture 4281
81 Duration 01:26:32
59
Picture 4382 (Dialogue) Reynald : They mean to charge that? They are better men that me. Not quite so bright, but better men than me (to Sibylla) you know this fellow. Why is he doing this ? Sibylla : Because he is a knight, Reynald. Reynald : Hmmm.83
4.3.2 The Ring Influence Balian becames Commite with his self
The ring is a jewelry commonly worn by women to decorate themselves. There are several types of rings that are often found in the general public, such as gold and silver rings. And rings also have different prices in modern era now, not only for rich people, rings now also have a lot of common people, because in modern era rings are a necessity for everyone for example for marriage or life style.
In the Kingdom of Heaven film the ring can be seen in some scenes, and the ring also affects Balian as the main character in this film. Balian who left France, followed his father to stay and atone for Jesus in Jerusalem.
Not yet in Jerusalem Godfrey his father Balian was dying of being stabbed by a sword while fighting his own nephew. Godfrey, who felt that he was
82 Duration 01:26:39 83 http://www.dailyscript.com/script/The_Kingdom_Of_Heaven.pdf
60 about to die, gave his royal ring to Balian, so that Balian could replace his position in Jerusalem to be a good knight and nobleman.
Picture 4484
Picture 4585
(Dialogue)
Godfrey : Be without fear in the face of your enemies. Be brave and upright that God may love thee. Speak truth, always, even if it leads to your death. Safeguard the helpless, and do not wrong. That is your oath. Godfrey : And that’s so you remember it. Hospitaler : Rise a knight, and Baron of Ibelin. Godfrey : Defend the king. If the king is no more, protect the people.86
4.3.3 The Blue Colour Influence Balian becames Calm when He Fight
his Enemy
Blue is one of the colors that is often found in daily activity. Blue is the color of the sky and is often used to describe the color of the sea. Blue can be used as a symbol for example; ice, water, sky, and other. In the
84 Duration 00:38:01 85 Duration 00:38:15 86 http://www.dailyscript.com/script/The_Kingdom_Of_Heaven.pdf
61
Kingdom of Heaven film, blue is one of the three dominant colors in the film, according to Pierce, the blue colour has meaning are; cool, calm, peaceful, serenity, and eternity.
Blue has an influence on Balian as the main character in the film
Kingdom of Heaven. When all the crusaders went to attack Saladin's troops who were far outside the fortress of Jerusalem and died because of the distance that was too far without water supply. Balian who is the leader the
Jerusalem kingdom without a crusader knight had to survive the attack of
Saladin's troops.
Balian, who used blue king costume, led the people of Jerusalem to fight against Saladin's army. He aroused the spirit of the people of Jerusalem so as not to be afraid to confront Saladin's army. They fought for days,
Saladin's forces who tried to break down the walls of Jerusalem continued to attack non stop until they broke down the walls of Jerusalem but with strong defense by the forces and the people of Jerusalem, Saladin had to ask for negotiations. Finally Balian gave up with the agreement that the Christian community would not be killed and protect until it returned to Christian land, the war between Muslims and Christians was stopped. This made
Balian a hero for the people of Jerusalem
62
Picture 4687
Picture 4788
87 Duration 02:46:03 88 Duration 02:49:49
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion
After analyzing the data from Kingdom of Heaven film by Ridley Scott, the writer concludes as follows: The kinds of symbols those found in Kingdom of
Heaven film is conventional symbol, conventional symbol is usual words which exemplary.
The meanings of symbol those have found in Kingdom of Heaven film are:
A. Colour; (1) White, based on the film the writer concludes that the white colour has meaning purity and light. (2) Blue, based on the film the writer concludes that the blue colour has meaning peace and calm. (3) Red, based on the film the writer concludes that the red colour has meaning warning or danger, and daring. B.
Object; (1) Ring, based on the film the writer concludes that the ring has commitment meaning. (2) Sword, based on the film the writer concludes that the sword has meaning protection and strength. (3) Crown, based on the film the writer concludes that the crown has wealth meaning. C. Cloathing; (1) Mask, based on the film the writer concludes that the mask has externalize demonic tendencies meaning. D. Animal; (1) Buzzard or vulture, based on the film the writer concludes that the buzzard or vulture has meaning warning of impending death. (2) Donkey, based on the film the writer concludes that the donkey has meaning humality, patience, and stupidity. E. Nature;(1) Water, based on the film the writer concludes that the water has meaning washes away guilt, origin of life,
63
64 regenaration, and vehicle of cleanshing. (2) Flower, based on the film the flower concludes that flower has meaning beauty, youth, strength, gentleness. (3) River, based on the film the river concludes that river has meaning fluidity of life, stream of life and death.
The influence of the symbol to the main character are; (1) The sword influnce Balian to be stronger to protect people of Jarusalem; (2) The ring influence Balian to be commite with his self; (3) The blue colour influence Balian to be calm when he fight his enemy.
B. Suggestion
In the end of this thesis the writer wants to give some suggestions;First, the symbol that exista in daily activity must have their own meaning, it is important for everyone to know the meaning of the symbols around. Secondly, The symbol is not only as a form, picture, or writing, but a symbol can also influence themselves and others, thus it is important for the reader to pay attention to the symbols that exist because there are also symbols those adversely influence others people live.The last, the writer proposes this thesis to the readers especially to the students of English Literature Department of Adab and Humanities Faculty about the symbol how to classify the kind of the symbol and the influence of the symbol to society. The writer hopes the junior English Literature students will continue this research with another subject and this thesis will help them about the theory.
The writer realizes this thesis has not been perfect yet, this thesis has many mistakes, therefore the writer expects to the reader for giving some critics and suggestion for make this thesis batter.
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APPENDIX I
TABLE OF SYMBOL
COLOUR SYMBOL
THE NO THE OBJECT PICTURES COLOUR
A. The Crusaders
Clothes
Picture 14
1 WHITE Picture 15
B. The City of Jarusalem
Picture16
Pic
Picture 17 A. The Crusaders Clothes
Picture 18
2 BLUE Picture 19
B. Balian’s
Clothes Picture 20
Picture 21
A. The Muslim Army Flags 3 RED
Picture 22
Picture 24
OBJECT SYMBOL
NO THE OBJECT PICTURES
1 RING
Picture 25
2 SWORD
Picture 27
3 CROWN
Picture 30
CLOATHING SYMBOL
NO THE OBJECT PICTURES
1 MASK
Picture 31
ANIMAL SYMBOL
NO THE OBJECT PICTURES
1 BUZZARD OR VULTURE
Picture 31
2 DONKEY
Picture 35
NATURE SYMBOL
NO THE OBJECT PICTURES
Picture 37 1 WATER
Picture 38
2 FLOWER
Picture 40
3 RIVER
Picture 41
APPENDIX II
TABLE OF ANALYSIS KINGDOM OF HEAVEN FILM
NO SYMBOL TYPE OF MEANING SOURCE RESEARCH A. WHITE The The Crusaders Purity crusaders Clothes The purity of clothes in ceremony the duration: 00:36:58, 00:37:12.
The city of Light The city Jarusalem The light for of pilgrims Jarusalem in the duration: 1 COLOUR 00:48:11
The Shoroud Purity The The purity of death shroud in the duration: 00:02:05
The snow Innocence The snow Life in the The innocence and duration : life for the world 00:10:58
The white horse Light The white Purity horse in the light and purity the for a knight duration: 00:30:49
The white king Purity The white clothes The purity of the king
king clothes duration: 01:01:49
B. BLUE The Crusaders Peacful The Clothes The peaceful of crusaders crusader who do clothes in not want to war the duration: 00:22:00, 00:22:17.
Balian’s Clothes Calm Balian’s Serenity clothes in Calm and serenity the of Balian’s self duration: 00:20:22, 00:21:51.
The Blue Sky Calm The blue Peaceful sky in the Serenity duration: Eternity 00:02:15, Calm, peaceful, 00:02:38. serenity, and eternity for funeral situation
The Blue Sea Calm The blue Peaceful sea in the Serenity duration: Calm, peaceful, 00:32:54, serenity for the 00:33:00 Jarusalem Way
C. RED The Muslim Army Flags Warning The Danger muslim Warning and army danger for flags in
muslim’s enemy the duration: 01:31:41, 01:33:48.
The Muslim Army Flag Daring The The dared for muslim muslims army army flag in the duration: 02:35:30. Red Clothes Crusaders Daring The red The dared of clothes crusader crusaders in the duration: 00:49:41
Fire Passion Fire in the Emotion duration: Danger 00:20:12 Passion, emotion, and danger of Balian A. RING A. Commitment Ring in Commitment duration: betwen Balian and 00:38:01, 2 OBJECT Godfrey for Balian 00:38:04. protect the king and protect the Jarusalem’s society
B. SWORD B. Protective and Strength Sword in Protect Balian and duration: became strength for 00:23:05, Balian’s self 00:23:45.
C. CROWN C. Wealth Crown in
Wealth for king duration: who have the hight 01:56:12, possision in the 01:56:17. kingdom
MASK Externalize Demonic Mask in Tendencies duration: 3 CLOATHING 01:32:46, 01:33:44.
A. BUZZARD or Death Buzzard VULTURE or vulture in duration: 4 ANIMAL 02:16:23, 02:16:34. B. DONKEY Humality, patience, and stupidity. Donkey in duration: 02:29:53, 02:30:02.
5 NATURE WATER Washes away guilt, origin Water in of life, regeneration, and duration: vehicle of cleanching. 01:09:56, 01:15:38, 01:15:49.
FLOWER Beauty, youth, strenth, Flower in gentleness duration: 00:24:21.
RIVER Fluidity of life, stream of River in life and death duration: 00:22:20
APPENDIX III
FILM INFORMATION
Synopsis Film
In 1184 France, Balian, a blacksmith, is haunted by his wife's recent suicide.
A Crusader passing through the village introduces himself as Balian's father,
Baron Godfrey of Ibelin, and asks him to return with him to the Holy Land, but
Balian declines. The town priest, Balian's half-brother, wishes to claim Balian's property. To achieve this, he reveals that he ordered Balian's wife beheaded before burial, which would prevent her from ascending to heaven, in an attempt to convince Balian to leave to the Holy Land. Instead, an enraged Balian kills him and flees the village. Balian joins his father, hoping to gain forgiveness and redemption for himself and his wife in Jerusalem. Soldiers sent by the bishop
arrive to arrest Balian, but Godfrey refuses to surrender him, and in the ensuing attack, Godfrey is struck by an arrow that breaks off in his body, fatally wounding him.
In Messina, Italy, Godfrey knights Balian and orders him to serve the King of Jerusalem and protect the helpless, then succumbs to his injuries. During
Balian's journey to Jerusalem his ship runs aground in a storm, leaving Balian the only survivor. After wandering the desert, Balian is confronted by a Muslim cavalier, who attacks him over Balian's horse. Balian reluctantly slays the cavalier but spares the man's servant, whom he convinces to lead him to Jerusalem. Once there, he lets the man go free, and the man tells Balian that his deed will gain him fame and respect among the Saracens. After meeting Godfrey's men and announcing himself as his father's successor, Balian becomes acquainted with
Jerusalem's political arena: the leper King Baldwin IV; Tiberias, the Marshal of
Jerusalem; the King's sister, Princess Sibylla; and her husband Guy de Lusignan, who supports the anti-Muslim activities of brutal factions like the Knights
Templar. After Baldwin's death, Guy intends to break the fragile truce with the sultan Saladin and make war on the Muslims.
As the new Baron of Ibelin, Balian settles in his new land of Ibelin. Using his skills as a blacksmith, he earns the respect of his subjects by building an irrigation system. Sibylla travels to meet him, and the two become secret lovers. Guy and his ally, the cruel Raynald of Châtillon, attack a Saracen caravan, and Saladin advances on Raynald's castle Kerak in retaliation. At the request of the king, Balian defends the villagers, despite being overwhelmingly
outnumbered. Captured, Balian encounters the servant he freed, whom he learns is actually Saladin's chancellor Imad ad-Din. Imad ad-Din releases Balian in repayment of the earlier debt. Saladin arrives with his army to besiege Kerak, and
Baldwin meets it with his. They negotiate a Muslim retreat, and Baldwin swears to punish Raynald, though the exertion of these events weakens him. Baldwin asks Balian to marry Sibylla and take control of the army, knowing they have affection for each other, but Balian refuses because it will require Guy's execution. Sibylla becomes queen and Guy becomes king. Guy releases Raynald, asking him to give him a war, which Raynald does by murdering Saladin's sister.
Sending the heads of Saladin's emissaries back to him, Guy declares war on the
Saracens and sends assassins to kill Balian, though Balian survives the attempt.
In 1187, Guy and the Templars march Jerusalem's army into the desert for war, despite Balian's advice to remain near water. Saladin's army annihilates the exhausted Crusaders in the ensuing desert battle, executes Raynald, and marches on Jerusalem. Tiberias and his men leave for Cyprus, believing Jerusalem lost, but
Balian remains to protect the people in the city, knighting the men of the city.
After a siege that lasts three days, a frustrated Saladin parleys with Balian. When
Balian reaffirms that he will destroy the city before surrendering it, Saladin agrees to allow the Christians to leave safely in exchange for Jerusalem—though he ponders if it would be better if there were nothing left to fight over.
Balian is confronted by the disgraced Guy one final time, but defeats and spares him. In the marching column of citizens, Balian finds Sibylla, who has renounced her claim as Queen. After they return to France, English knights en
route to retake Jerusalem ride through the town to enlist Balian, now the famed defender of Jerusalem. Balian tells the crusader that he is merely a blacksmith again, and they depart. Balian is joined by Sibylla, and they pass by the grave of
Balian's wife as they ride toward a new life together.
DIRECTED BY Ridley Scott
PRODUCED BY Ridley Scott
WRITTEN BY William Monahan
STARRING Orlando Bloom Eva Green Ghassan Massoud Jeremy Irons David Thewlis Brendan Gleeson Iain Glen Marton Csokas Alexander Siddig Liam Nelson Edward Norton Velibor Topic Jon Finch Michael Sheen
MUSIC BY Harry Gregson-Williams
CINEMATOGRAPHY John Mathieson
EDITING BY Dody Dorn
PRODUCTION Scoot Free Productions
COMPANY Inside Track Studio Babelsberg Motion Picture GmbH
DISTRIBUTED BY 20th Century Fox
RELEASE DATE 2 May 2005 (London Premiere) 5 May 2005 (Germany) 6 May 2005 (United States, United Kingdom)
COUNTRY United Kingdom Germany Untited States
LANGUAGE English Arabic Italian Latin BUDGET $130 Million
BOX OFFICE $211.7 Million
AWARDS
CATEGORY OUTCOME
AWARD
Golden Schmoes Awards Best DVD/Blu-Ray Of The Year Nominated Goya Awards Best Costume Design
Hollywood Film Awards Composer Of The Year WON
Internationa Film Music Best Original Score For An Critics Association Action/Adventure Film
International Online Best Costume Design Cinema Awards
Motion Picture Sound Best Sound Editing In Feature Film Editors – Foreign
Best Sound Editing In Feature Film – Music Nominated
Satelite Awards Outstanding Actor in A Supporting Role, Drama
Outstanding Art Direction And Production Design
Outstanding Costume Design
Outstanding Visual Effects
Outstanding Original Score WON
Teen Choice Awards Choice Movie: Action Adventure
Choice Movie Actor: Action Adventure/Thriller Nominated
Choice Movie Love Scane
Choice Movie Liplock
Visual Effects Society Outstanding Supporting Visual Awards Effects In a Motion Picture WON
CURRICULUM VITAE
A. Personal Identity 1. Nama : M.Gufran Putra Nurkia 2. Tempat, Tanggal Lahir : Jambi, 29 Januari 1997 3. Jenis Kelamin : Laki-laki 4. Kewarganegaraan : Indonesia 5. Agama : Islam 6. Alamat : Perumahan Villa Sentosa Indah, No.24 Rt.56 Kelurahan. Eka Jaya Kecamatan. Paal Merah Kota Jambi. 7. Nomor Handpone : 0896-2511-2250 8. E-mail : [email protected]
B. Formal Education 1. SD Dwipa Abadi Indra Giri Hilir Riau : Tahun 2007 2. SDN 185/IV Kota Jambi : Tahun 2008 3. MTsN Model Kota Jambi : Tahun 2011 4. MAN 3 Kota Jambi : Tahun 2014
C. Organization Experience 1. Anggota Drumband MTsN Model : Tahun 2009 - 2010 2. Pradana Putra Pramuka MAN 3 Kota Jambi : Tahun 2013 – 2014 3. Anggota DEMA FAH : Tahun 2015 - 2016 4. Sekjend PMII Rayon Adab & Humaniora : Tahun 2016 – 2017 5. BPH DEMA FAH : Tahun 2017 - 2018 6. PC IPNU Kota Jambi : Tahun 2017 – 2019