DOCSLIB.ORG

Midlands State University Faculty of Arts Department of Development Studies

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Midlands State University Faculty of Arts Department of Development Studies MIDLANDS STATE UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ARTS DEPARTMENT OF DEVELOPMENT STUDIES TOPIC: An assessment on how the closure of mining industries has affected the development of small towns in Zimbabwe: A Case Study of Shabanie Mine in Zvishavane. BY RUMBIDZAI PRECIOUS ZINYAMA R132586H DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE BACHELOR OF ARTS HONOURS DEGREE IN DEVELOPMENT STUDIES DEGREE. NOVEMBER 2016 RESEARCH ACKNOWLEDGEMENT FORM. MIDLANDS STATE UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ARTS DEPARTMMENT OF DEVELOPMENT STUDIES NAME OF STUDENT RUMBIDZAI PRECIOUS ZINYAMA REGISTRATION NUMBER R132586H NAME OF SUPERVISOR MR S. NHONGO RESEARCH TOPIC An assessment on how the closure of mining industries has affected the development of small mining towns in Zimbabwe: A case study of Shabanie mine in Zvishavane. I, the undersigned do/ do not acknowledge that the above student has consulted me for supervision on his research project until completion. I therefore do/do not advise the student to submit his work for assessment Signed………………………………. Date………………………………………. i DEDICATION. I would like to dedicate my thesis to my family for their unwavering support and love through the trying times of my studies up to the day I officially finished my Honours Degree. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. I would like to extend my profound gratitude to the Almighty God and all those who made my end goal, the submission of this thesis a success. My deepest appreciation and acknowledgment goes to my academic supervisor Mr S Nhongo whose guidance has led me this far by imparting me with the necessary skills and knowledge in the preparation of my thesis topic up to the final day of my full dissertation. A special note of gratitude goes to my mother Mrs R Zinyama for her love and prayers which saw me through all the hardships faced in college. The effort she put to make sure I had all the needed resources including fees, will always be in my heart and forever appreciated. I also want to thank my aunt Mrs A Siwawa for her prayers, Mr R Zinyama my grandfather for his love and prayers, my brother Anesu Zinyama for being there for me, my sister Nyasha Zinyama for her prayers, Ms Joyce Mhike or her support in prayers and love, Mr and Mrs Ndlovu for their support and lastly the love of my life Mr I Gumbo for his undying support, motivation and love. iii ABSTRACT. The aim of this research was to assess how small mining towns in Zimbabwe have been affected by the closure of mining industries in terms of development using the case study of Shabanie mine in Zvishavane. In assessing the closure of mines, sustainable development was looked at to give the framework of what is expected in development as well as sustainable development goals. ZMDC was assessed in this research as it is the corporation that is in charge of maintaining and caring for the mines facing closure and closed. A number of aspects concerning the closure of mines were taken into considerations to the upbringing of this research. These are, importance of mining to development, negative effects of mining closure on development, indigenisation policy, reasons for the closure of Shabanie and the negative and positive reasons for the closure. Kamativi mine is briefly looked at to see what closure does to mine. Mines can close without warnings due to lack of markets and lack of machinery. However, mines should adopt the planning of mine closure as a necessary measure, avoiding a link with politics and making sure that worker welfare is maintained. The education of mine workers should be exercised for the establishment of an effective mining industry with productive skilled workers aiming at developing the area they operate in and Zimbabwe. The major research instruments used were interviews, questionnaires and structured observation. Descriptive methods were used namely qualitative approach and quantitative approach as the research design. iv ACRONYMS DMP Department of Mines and Petroleum DRC Democratic Republic of Congo EIA Environmental impact Assessment EPA Environmental protection Authority EP Act Environmental Protection Act GO General Offices HIV Human immune Virus ICT Information and Communication Technology MSU Midlands State University NGOs Non-Governmental Organisation POSB Peoples Own Servings Bank PPE Personal Protective Equipment RSA Republic of South Africa SDG Sustainable Development Goals STI Sexually Transmitted infections UNDP United Nations Development P WA Western Australia WHO World Health Organisation ZANU PF Zimbabwe African Union Patriotic Front v ZESA Zimbabwe Electricity Supply Authority ZMDC Zimbabwe Mining Development Corporation vi Table of Contents RESEARCH ACKNOWLEDGEMENT FORM. ................................................................................................ i DEDICATION. ........................................................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT. ........................................................................................................................... iii ABSTRACT. .............................................................................................................................................. iv ACROMYS ................................................................................................................................................ v CHAPTER 1: THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING. ........................................................................................ 1 Chapter Overview ................................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.1 ....................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Background of the study ............................................................................................................... 1 1.3 Statement of the problem ............................................................................................................ 2 1.4 Conceptual framework ................................................................................................................. 3 1.5 Research objectives ...................................................................................................................... 5 1.6 Research questions ....................................................................................................................... 6 1.7 Significance of the study ............................................................................................................... 6 1.8 Delimitations ................................................................................................................................. 7 1.9 Limitations of the study ................................................................................................................ 8 1.10 Chapter breakdown .................................................................................................................... 8 1.11 Chapter summary......................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................................................................... 9 2.0 Chapter Overview. ........................................................................................................................ 9 2.1 Understanding mining, closure and development ....................................................................... 9 2.2 The importance of mining on development in small towns. ...................................................... 13 2.2.1 Who is affected by mining? ................................................................................................. 15 2.3 The negative effects of mining on development. ....................................................................... 15 2.4 Closure of Shabanie mine’s negative and positive effects on development. ............................. 17 2.5 Chapter Summary. ......................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES............................................................................................ 31 3.0 Chapter Overview. ...................................................................................................................... 31 3.1 Research design .......................................................................................................................... 31 3.2 Data Mining Tools ....................................................................................................................... 31 3.2.1 Population sampling ............................................................................................................ 31 3.2.2 In depth interviews .............................................................................................................. 32 viii 3.2.3 Structured observation ........................................................................................................ 33 3.2.4 Questionnaire ...................................................................................................................... 34 3.2.5 Desk research ....................................................................................................................... 34 3.2.6 Longitudinal approach ........................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 1 African Transnational Diasporas: Theoretical Perspectives 2 Vintages and Patterns of Migration
    Notes 1 African Transnational Diasporas: Theoretical Perspectives 1. In 1965 George Shepperson (1993), drawing parallels with the Jewish dias- pora, coined the term ‘African diaspora’. The term was also closely associ- ated with social and political struggles for independence in Africa and the Caribbean. For detailed examination on the origins of the term African dias- pora, see Manning (2003) and Zeleza (2010). 2. The Lebanese in West Africa, Indian Muslims in South Africa and the Hausa in West Africa and Sudan are some of the examples of African diasporas within the continent (Bakewell, 2008). 3. See, for example, Koser’s (2003) edited volume, New African Diasporas and Okpewho and Nzegwu’s (2009) edited volume, The New African Diaspora. Both books provide a wide range of case studies of contemporary African diasporas. 4. This taxonomy has been adapted and developed from my examination of Zimbabwean transnational diaspora politics (see Pasura, 2010b). 2 Vintages and Patterns of Migration 1. Ethnic differences between ZANU and ZAPU caused the war of liberation to be fought on two fronts until the formation of the Patriotic Front, a unified alliance. ZAPU continued to advocate for multi-ethnic mobilization; historians have sought to explain the growing regional/ethnic allegiance partly in terms of the role of the two liberation armies, as old ZAPU committees existed in the Midlands and Manicaland but the areas became ZANU after having received Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army (ZANLA) freedom fighters. 2. The subtitle comes from the BBC’s (2005) article entitled: ‘So where are Zimbabweans going?’ 3. See the case of Mutumwa Mawere, who recently won his case against the state with regard to dual citizenship (Gonda, 2013).
    [Show full text]
  • Zimbabwe Is Open for Business
    ZIMBABWE IS OPEN FOR BUSINESS An Economic Appraisal of the ‘New Dispensation’ Dale Doré May 2018 CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 2. THE ECONOMIC MELTDOWN 2.1 The Road to Ruin 2.2 The Cost of Displacement 2.3 The Collapse of Production 2.4 How Markets Work 2.5 The State-controlled Economy 2.6 Command Agriculture 3.7 The Economy 3. ZIMBABWE IS OPEN FOR BUSINESS 3.1 Operation Restore Legacy 3.2 Guidelines and Opportunities 4. BUSINESS AS USUAL 4.1 Actions speak louder than words 4.2 Governance and institutions 4.3 The New Economic Order 4.4 Political Capital 4.5 Sound Economic Principles 4.6 Protection of Investment and Property 4.7 Property Rights and the Rule of Law 4.8 Being Zimbabwean 5. CONCLUDING REMARKS REFERENCES 1. INTRODUCTION The gist of the Government’s Investment Guidelines and Opportunities in Zimbabwe1 can be summed up by the title of the first chapter: “Towards a New Economic Order: Investment Policy Statement and Action Plan of the Government of Zimbabwe.” The guidelines promise investors an economic reform agenda based on a sound market economy in order to build a competitive private sector. The main policy thrusts also include the payment of compensation to commercial farmers, whose land was seized; a commitment to repay the government’s domestic and foreign debts; and respecting international obligations under Bilateral Investment Protection and Promotion Agreements (BIPPAs). Corruption, it avers, will be dealt with severely. These issues clearly illustrate that the economic fortunes of nations not only depend on the application of sound economic principles and public financial management; they are also inseparable from matters of politics and governance.
    [Show full text]
  • Contestation and Resource Bargaining in Zimbabwe the Minerals Sector
    Working Paper 2017-13 Contestation and Resource Bargaining in Zimbabwe The Minerals Sector Richard Saunders prepared for the UNRISD project on Politics of Domestic Resource Mobilization for Social Development December 2017 UNRISD Working Papers are posted online to stimulate discussion and critical comment. The United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD) is an autonomous research institute within the UN system that undertakes multidisciplinary research and policy analysis on the social dimensions of contemporary development issues. Through our work we aim to ensure that social equity, inclusion and justice are central to development thinking, policy and practice. UNRISD, Palais des Nations 1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland Tel: +41 (0)22 9173020 Fax: +41 (0)22 9170650 [email protected] www.unrisd.org Copyright © United Nations Research Institute for Social Development This is not a formal UNRISD publication. The responsibility for opinions expressed in signed studies rests solely with their author(s), and availability on the UNRISD website (www.unrisd.org) does not constitute an endorsement by UNRISD of the opinions expressed in them. No publication or distribution of these papers is permitted without the prior authorization of the author(s), except for personal use. Introduction to Working Papers on the Politics of Domestic Resource Mobilization for Social Development This paper is part of a series of outputs from the research project on the Politics of Domestic Resource Mobilization for Social Development. The project seeks to contribute to global debates on the political and institutional contexts that enable poor countries to mobilize domestic resources for social development. It examines the processes and mechanisms that connect the politics of resource mobilization and demands for social provision; changes in state-citizen and donor-recipient relations associated with resource mobilization and allocation; and governance reforms that can lead to improved and sustainable revenue yields and services.
    [Show full text]
  • Tyranny and Disease: the Destruction of Health Care in Zimbabwe
    Tyranny and Disease The Destruction of Health Care in Zimbabwe Africa Fighting Malaria Occasional Paper September 2007 Richard Tren, Archbishop Pius Ncube Jasson Urbach and Roger Bate AFRICA FIGHTING MALARIA 1050 Seventeenth Street, NW P.O Box 17156 Suite 520 Congella Washington DC, 20036 4013 United States South Africa www.fightingmalaria.org Tyranny and Disease The Destruction of Health Care in Zimbabwe Richard Tren*, Archbishop Pius Ncube§, Jasson Urbach* and Roger Bate¶ Zimbabwe’s healthcare system has collapsed. Life expectancy is the lowest in the world. Dead bodies accumulate in hospital mortuaries or are buried hastily and surreptitiously in rural areas by poverty-stricken family members. The most recent estimates suggest that between 3,000 and 3,500 die every week from HIV-related diseases although some people believe the numbers are significantly higher. And biblical problems of plague, starvation and its attendant diseases such as kwashiorkor are rife. Few people even try to obtain medical treatment as they cannot afford the exorbitant costs involved in travelling to hospitals (ambulances have no fuel either) nor can they afford to pay for drugs since patients or family members are required increasingly to purchase their own drugs. In many instances, ambulances have been replaced by ox-drawn carts, but animal feed is also in short supply. The health service like the entire country requires rescuing from the murderous hands of Robert Mugabe. But the African Union and most African leaders seems paralysed by Mugabe’s status as one of the last surviving liberation leaders. The West is also paralysed by fears of being charged with neo-colonialism if they attempt to oust Mugabe.
    [Show full text]
  • AC Vol 43 No 6
    www.africa-confidential.com 22 March 2002 Vol 43 No 6 AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL ZIMBABWE 2 ZIMBABWE The nomenklatura Harare’s magic circle and their On the knife-edge business friends now face Neither side wants a power-sharing government but at least it might tightening economic ‘smart’ stop the violence sanctions from the European Union and USA. But some of the Quietly, within days of the disputed 10-12 March presidential election, the outline of a deal between nomenklatura prepared for this by Zimbabwe’s warring political parties emerged. After two years of rising tension, with one of Africa’s attending an anti-sanctions most hopeful economies heading for the abyss, it looked like the last chance for political peace. Brokered seminar at a luxurious villa near by South Africa’s President Thabo Mbeki and Nigeria’s President Olusegun Obasanjo, the deal Lake Kariba last year. proposes: a coalition government with ministers from all parties and some non-partisan figures; a review of recent oppressive laws on public assembly and the media; full implementation of the Abuja agreement BURUNDI 4stipulating orderly land redistribution, to be financed by Britain and international financial institutions. Also under discussion is the dropping of treason charges against Morgan Tsvangirai, leader of the Alternating currents opposition Movement for Democratic Change, and its Secretary General, Welshman Ncube. Tsvangirai In Bujumbura politicians are was formally charged on 20 March in a move that will make negotiations even more problematic cooperating and South African Time is pressing. The mood in the streets of Harare and Bulawayo is angry and mainly backs the MDC; peacekeepers are settling down almost everyone believes Tsvangirai was cheated of victory.
    [Show full text]
  • In Diasporic Internet Forums: Technologies of Freedom?
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by LSE Research Online Winston Mano and Wendy Willems Debating ‘Zimbabweanness’ in diasporic internet forums: technologies of freedom? Book section Original citation: Mano, Winston and Willems, Wendy (2010) Debating ‘Zimbabweanness’ in diasporic internet forums: technologies of freedom? In: McGregor, J. and Primorac, R., (eds.) Zimbabwe's new diaspora: displacement and the cultural politics of survival. Forced migration (31). Berghahn, Oxford, UK, pp. 183-201. ISBN 9781845456580 © 2010 Berghahn Books This version available at: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/51150/ Available in LSE Research Online: July 2010 LSE has developed LSE Research Online so that users may access research output of the School. Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Users may download and/or print one copy of any article(s) in LSE Research Online to facilitate their private study or for non-commercial research. You may not engage in further distribution of the material or use it for any profit-making activities or any commercial gain. You may freely distribute the URL (http://eprints.lse.ac.uk) of the LSE Research Online website. This document is the author’s submitted version of the book section. There may be differences between this version and the published version. You are advised to consult the publisher’s version if you wish to cite from it. Debating ‘Zimbabweanness’ in diasporic internet forums: technologies of freedom? Winston Mano Communication and Media Research Institute, University of Westminster, London Wendy Willems Department of Media Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa Original citation: Willems, W.
    [Show full text]
  • Report of a Conference on Engaging Zimbabweans in the Diaspora Towards Economic Reconstruction
    REPORT OF A CONFERENCE ON ENGAGING ZIMBABWEANS IN THE DIASPORA TOWARDS ECONOMIC RECONSTRUCTION Facilitated by THE INSTITUTE FOR JUSTICE AND RECONCILIATION (IJR) Held at Le Franschhoek Hotel, Franschhoek, Cape Town, South Africa 3-4 December 2009 i EXECUTIVE SUMMARY On the 3 rd and 4 th of December 2009, the Institute for Justice and Reconciliation hosted a two-day off- the-record roundtable in Franschhoek, Cape Town, entitled ‘Challenges for economic reconstruction in Zimbabwe: An engagement with the Diaspora’. The conference sought to offer Zimbabweans in the Diaspora an opportunity to come together to assess critically economic developments in Zimbabwe, from the inception of the inclusive government to the present moment, as well as to engage with the role the Diaspora could play in contributing to the economic recovery of their country. The government delegation from Zimbabwe explained that following the liberalisation of key economic sectors, the Zimbabwean economy is on the path to recovery. While the multiple currency system is poised to remain in force, the Zimbabwean dollar is projected to be reintroduced in three to four years when production levels and economic indicators improve. There is relative peace in the country, although there are still isolated cases of politically motivated arrests and prosecutions and violations of the rule of law. The Constitution-making process, while it has faced some hurdles, is on track as per the timetable stipulated by the Global Political Agreement (GPA). This will enable the referendum and credible elections to take place as agreed. The government is committed to creating an investor-friendly environment that respects private property rights and where citizens and investors alike are free from persecution.
    [Show full text]
  • Jacob Chikuhwa a Crisis of Go
    A CRISIS OF GOVERNANCE: ZIMBABWE A CRISIS OF GOVERNANCE: ZIMBABWE Jacob Chikuhwa Algora Publishing New York © 2004 by Algora Publishing. All Rights Reserved www.algora.com No portion of this book (beyond what is permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the United States Copyright Act of 1976) may be reproduced by any process, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any means, without the express written permission of the publisher. ISBN: 0-87586-284-5 (softcover) ISBN: 0-87586-285-3 (hardcover) ISBN: 0-87586-286-1 (ebook) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Chikuhwa, Jacob W. (Jacob Wilson), 1940- A crisis of governance : Zimbabwe / Jacob Chikuhwa. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index. ISBN 0-87586-284-5 (trade paper : alk. paper) — ISBN 0-87586-285-3 (hard cover : alk. paper) — ISBN 0-87586-286-1 1. Zimbabwe—Politics and government—1980- I. Title. JQ2925.C47 2004 320.96891—dc22 2004006344 Printed in the United States This book is dedicated to all the people who were tortured and those who died for the liberation and for the democratic process underway in Zimbabwe. I also dedicate the book to those who are campaigning to make Zimbabwe a truly democratic society. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my wife Raisa, my son Tonderai-Wilson and his wife Assiati and my daughter Eleonora-Ngwarai, and all my friends and acquaintances who have directly or indirectly made the task of writing this book more easy, bearable and even pleasurable. These include pastors Doug and Jodi Fondell, who provided me with material and moral support when I had just returned to Sweden at the end of April 2002.
    [Show full text]
  • The South African Institute of International Affairs
    The South African Institute of International Affairs Business in Africa Research Project A Nation in Turmoil The Experience of South African Firms Doing Business in Zimbabwe Dianna Games Series editor: Neuma Grobbelaar SAIIA’s Business in Africa Project is sponsored by the Royal Danish Embassy, Pretoria Copyright © SAIIA, 2006 All rights reserved THE SOUTH AFRICAN INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS ISBN: 1-919969-47-0 Business in Africa Report No. 8 Please note that all amounts are in US$, unless otherwise indicated. SAIIA National Office Bearers Fred Phaswana Elisabeth Bradley • Moeletsi Mbeki John Buchanan • Alec Pienaar Elizabeth Sidiropoulos Acknowledgements SAIIA would like to thank all the companies and people who participated in the survey and gave their time to contribute to the study. About the Author Dianna Games is the executive director of Africa @ Work, a South African-based company which focuses on the African market in the areas of publishing, research, event management and public relations. Ms Games has travelled to Zimbabwe many times, and has produced two research reports on the country for SAIIA: ‘The Zimbabwe Economy: How Has It Survived and How Will it Recover?’ published in 2002, and ‘Zimbabwe: A Pre-election Overview and Recovery Scenarios’, produced in early 2005 before the elections held in March that year. She is the managing editor of the Institute’s bi-annual journal, the South African Journal of International Affairs. About the SAIIA Business in Africa Project This is the seventh country case study in a comprehensive survey of business conditions prevailing in Africa, conducted by SAIIA’s Business in Africa project.
    [Show full text]
  • Confronting the Proceeds of Crime in Southern Africa
    CONFRONTING THE PROCEEDS OF CRIME IN SOUTHERN AFRICA AN INTROSPECTION Edited by CHARLES GOREDEMA ISS MONOGRAPH SERIES • No 132, MAY 2007 CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS vii ABOUT THE AUTHORS iix INTRODUCTION x CHAPTER 1 Money laundering developments in Malawi, 2004 to 2006 1 CHAPTER 2 Political will and the implementation of anti-money laundering measures: the Zambian experience, 2004 to 2006 23 CHAPTER 3 Money laundering in Zimbabwe, 2004 to 2006 47 CHAPTER 4 Confronting money laundering in South Africa: An overview of challenges and milestones 73 CHAPTER 5 Developing a comprehensive prevention and enforcement framework against money laundering and terrorist financing in Namibia, 2004 to 2006 93 CHAPTER 6 Evaluation of anti-money laundering mechanisms in Mozambique, 2004 to 2006 125 Abbreviations and acronyms v FATF Financial Action Task Force IMF International Monetary Fund LAZ Law Association of Zambia ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS PIA Pensions and Insurance Authority PPMLA Prohibition and Prevention of Money Laundering Act 2001 SADC Southern African Development Community SEC Securities and Exchange Commission INTRODUCTION: STR suspicious transaction report AML/CFT anti-money laundering/combating the financing of terrorism UN United Nations (strategy) ZICA Zambia Institute of Chartered Accountants ESAAMLG Eastern and Southern African Anti-Money Laundering Group ZMK Zambian kwacha FATF Financial Action Task Force FIU financial intelligence unit CHAPTER 3: SADC Southern African Development Community AAM African Associated
    [Show full text]
  • September 2006
    September 2006 — A special month for OPEC? Commentary September 2006 was a special and a not-so-spe- pants included Ministers from OPEC’s 11 Member discourse, and the Editorial Board, together with cial month for OPEC. Countries and other oil-producing and oil-consum- a newly designated General Academic Editor, Especially the second week. ing nations, top officials from intergovernmental the renowned energy specialist Professor Sadek This began with the 142nd Meeting of our bodies, chief executives of national and interna- Boussena, is part of the revamped administrative Conference on the Monday, at our Secretariat in tional oil companies, and renowned academics. structure. OPEC considers it extremely important Vienna, where the focus, at least as far as the out- Around 40 presentations later, Dr Daukoru to have its own acclaimed academic journal, to side world was concerned, was on the near-term concluded the two-day event on the Wednesday demonstrate to the world at large how seriously it outlook for the market. In the light of the sub- with the overriding message that “fossil fuels dur- takes the need to access the very latest high-qual- stantial moderation in oil prices in the preceding ing the so-called new energy era will continue to ity research to provide an intellectual base to its weeks, the Conference adopted a cautious, watch- dominate the global energy mix and will continue actions in the market and elsewhere. ful approach, by agreeing that “Member Countries to be vital for supporting the forecast expansion And the Friday? Well, everyone needs time to would take the necessary steps to ensure that sup- in global economic growth, which, under normal recover! ply and demand remained in balance, with prices conditions should stay robust.” But even more was to come in the third week at reasonable levels, supplying to the market the Full details of both the Conference and the of September.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Indigenisation, Politics of Exclusion, and Problematics of Autochthony In
    Indigenisation, Politics of Exclusion, and Problematics of Autochthony in Zimbabwe’s Redistribution Agenda Hardlife Zvoushe, PhD Student* School of Public Management, Governance & Public Policy University of Johannesburg Dominique E. Uwizeyimana School of Public Management, Governance & Public Policy University of Johannesburg C J Auriacombe Director: School of Public Management, Governance & Public Policy University of Johannesburg ABSTRACT Zimbabwe’s public policy trajectory has courted global attention specifically through its redistributive policies that include the land reform programme – which was implemented in the first decade of independence; and the black economic empowerment programme, which was implemented in the 1990s through affirmative action initiatives until the enactment of the comprehensive Indigenisation and Economic Empowerment Act in 2007. Notably, indigenisation has been the rallying ideology undergirding the state’s redistribution agenda since the 1980s. Over time, the understanding and application of the concept have raised serious questions on aspects of autochthony, nativity, belonging, and citizenship. Evidence on the ground suggests that the concept has been deliberately twisted, highly politicised, and manipulated as an instrument of exclusionary politics played at racial, political, class, and nationality levels, with the effect of calculatively side-lining potential beneficiaries, as well as facilitating the expropriation and dispossession of critical resources and assets from perceived “foreigners” in
    [Show full text]