Pacific Affairs

An International Review of Asia and the Pacific

Editor WILLIAM L. HOLLAND

Editorial Advisory Board

CYRIL S. BELSHAW R. S. MILNE PETER HARNETTY E. G. PULLEYBLANK EDGAR WICKBERG

Editorial Assistant MARY F. BRUNOLD

Pacific Affairs is indexed by Public Affairs Information Service, Social Sciences and Humanities Index, ABC POL SCI, and Current Contents: Behavioral, Social and Management Sciences. Abstracts of articles in Pacific Affairs appear in Historical Abstracts and/or America: History and Life and International Political Science Abstracts. Abstracts of book reviews appear in Book Review Digest and Review of Reviews. Back issues are available from the business office.

Pacific Affairs is published quarterly by the University of British Columbia. Editorial and business offices: University of British Columbia, Vancouver 8, Canada. Office of publication: William Byrd Press, 2901 Byrdhidl Road, Richmond, Virginia 23261, U.S.A. Second-clasi postage paid at Richmond, Va. Subscription rates: $7.00 a year, post free; single copies $2.00, post free. Copyright 1973, University of British Columbia. The articles in Pacific Affairs do not represent the views of the University of British Columbia. The Editor is responsible for the selection and acceptance of articles, but responsibility for opinions expressed in them rests with their authors. ific Affairs Vol. 46, No. I Spring 1973

Canada and the Pacific: Policies for Economic Growth T. A. Keenleyside 5

Communism and Reform in the Philippines Justus M. van der Kroef 29

Constitution-Making in Bangladesh Abut Fazl Huq 59

Continuity and Change in Japanese Foreign Policy /. A. A. Stocwn 77

A Distant and A Deadly Shore: Notes on the Literature of the Sahibs A Review Article George Woodcock 94

Book Reviews (see overleaf)

Contributors to this Issue BOOKS REVIEWED IN THIS ISSUE

THE CITYAS A CENTREOF CHANGEIN ASIA,edited by D. J. Dwyer. Rhoads Murphey ASIA IN THE MAKINGOF EUROPE,by Donald F. Lach. C. P. FitzGerald STUDIESIN ASIANSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, edited by Ratna Dutta and P. C. Joshi. W. Klatt PACIFICBASIN DEVELOPMENT. The American Interests, by Harald B. Malmgren. Koji Taira ASIANIDEAS OF EAST AND WEST. Tagore and His Critics in Japan, China, and India, by Stephen N. Hay. Ranbir Vohra COLUMBUSWAS CHINESE.Discoveries and Inventions of the Far East, by Hans Breuer. L. Carrington Goodrich INTELLECTUALFOUNDATIONS OF CHINA, by Frederick W. Mote. Wing-tsit Chan CHINA:AN INTRODUCTION,by Lucian W. Pye and Mary W. Pye. Arthur Huck POPULARMOVEMENTS AND SECRET SOCIETIESIN CHINA, 1840-1950, edited by Jean Chesneaux. Jerome Ch'en THE MAYFOURTH MOVEMENT IN SHANGHAI,by Joseph T. Chen. Ranbir Vohra THE EARLYCHIANG KAI-SHEK. A Study of His Personality and Politics 1887-1924, by Pichon P. Y. Loh. Donald G. Gillin VERTRAGEDER VOLKSREPUBLIKCHINA MIT ANDERENSTAATEN, by Oskar Weggel und Wolfgang Mohr. Werner Levi DIE VOLKSDIPLOMATIEIN OSTASIEN: ENTSTEHUNG, THEORIE UND PRAXIS, by M. Y. Cho. Werner Levi THE LONGMARCH 1935. The Epic of Chinese Communism's Survival, by Dick Wilson. Anthony Garauente RELIGIOUSPOLICY AND PRACTICEIN COMMUNISTCHINA, by Donald E. Maclnnis. Neale Hunter CHINA'STRADE WITH THE WEST. A Political and Economic Analysis, edited by Arthur A. Stahnke. Ralph W.Huenemann CHINAAS A NUCLEARPOWER IN WORLDPOLITICS, by Leo Yueh-Yun Liu. Roger Dial CHINA!INSIDE THE PEOPLE'SREPUBLIC, by the Committee of Concerned Asian Scholars. Stephen FitzGerald AN AMERICANIN CHINA,by Jan C. Ting. Stephen FitzGerald TURNINGPOINT IN CHINA.An Essay on the Cultural Revolution, by William Hinton. Stephen FitzGerald GENERALSTILWELL IN CHINA,1942-1944: THE FULL STORY,by Chin-tung Liang. Edward E. Rice WALKOUT:WITH STILWELLIN BURMA,by Frank Dorn. Edward E. Rice AMERICA'SASIA: DISSENTING ESSAYS ON ASIAN-AMERICANRELATIONS, edited by Edward Friedman and Mark Selden. Roger L. Dial SINO-AMERICANRELATIONS, 1949-71, documented and introduced by Roderick MacFarquhar. Roger L. Dial A SECRETWAR-AMERICANS IN CHINA,1944-45, by Oliver J. Caldwell. John F. Melby FORECASTFOR JAPAN:SECURITY IN THE 197os, edited by James William Motley. J.A, A, Stockwin FORM,STYLE, TRADITION: REFLECTIONS ON JAPANESEART AND SOCIETY, by Shfiichi Kat6. D. B. Waterhouse THE INTRODUCTIONOF SOCIALISMINTO CHINA,by Li Yu-ning. Ren6 Goldman CHINAAND THE OVERSEASCHINESE. A Study of Peking's Changing Policy, 1949-1970, by Stephen FitzGerald. Lea E. Williams TIBETANCIVILIZATION, by R. A. Stein. Herbert V. Guenther PSYCHOLOGYOF THE JAPANESEPEOPLE, by Hiroshi Minami, translated by Albert R. Ikoma. Felix Moos TRADITIONAND MODERNIZATIONIN JAPANESE CULTURE, edited by Donald H. Shively. C. 1. Dunn, (Continued on page 187) BOOKS REVIEWED-(Continued)

JAPANESEFOREIGN POLICY ON THE EVE OF THE PACIFICWAR. A Soviet View, by Leonid N. Kutakov. John A. White JAPAN'SRELATIONS WITH SOUTHEASTASIA, 1952-60, by K. V. Kesavan. Joyce C. Lebra DILEMMASor GROWTHIN PREWARJAPAN, edited by James William Morley. Kozo Yamamura THECONTROL OF IMPORTSAND FOREIGNCAPITAL IN JAPAN,by Robert S. Ozaki. Stuart Kirby FOREIGNINVESTMENT AND JAPAN,edited by Robert J. Ballon and Eugene H. Lee. Stuart Kirby KOREA'S1884 INCIDENT,by Harold F. Cook. Vipin Chandra MEDIEVALINDIA-A MISCELLANY,VOLUME Two, edited by K. A. Nizarni. Fritz Lehmann THE LEGISLATIVECOUNCIL OF THE PUNJAB,1897-1912, edited by William W. Reinhardt. E. C. Moulfon THE DISINHERITEDSTATE. A Study of West Bengal, 1967-1970, by Sankar Ghosh. Marcus F. Franda THEUPROOTED. A Sociological Study of the Refugees of West Bengal, India, by Kanti B. Pakrasi. Marcus F. Franda THE UNTOUCHABLESIN CONTEMPORARYINDIA, edited by J. Michael Mahar. Tissa Fernando SOCIALISMIN INDIA,edited by B. R. Nanda. L. P. Singh INDIA'SUSE OF FORCEIN GOA,by Arthur G. Rubinoff. Norman D. Palmer INDIA,RUSSIA, CHINA AND BANGLADESH, by J. A. Naik. Norman D. Palmer THEINDIAN OCEAN: TOWARDS A PEACE ZONE, by Devendra Kaushik. Norman D. Palmer PARTNERSIN PEACE.A Study in Indo-Soviet Relations, by K. Neelkant. GeoffreyPearson THESOVIET UNION AND THE EMERGINGNATIONS, by Harish Kapur. Ivan Avakumouich INDIANREVOLUTIONARIES ABROAD, 1905-1922: IN THE BACKGROUNDOF INTERNATIONALDEVELOPMENTS, by Arun Coomer Bose. J.F. Hilliker EARTHBELOW, HEAVEN ABOVE: A PORTRAITOF INDIA,by Caroline North Strauss. Claire Dem ms PAKISTAN,by Damodar P. Singhal. E. L. Tepper INDO-PAKISTANRELATION (I 960-1965), by Dinesh Chandra Jha. E. L. Tepper THEPOLITICS OF DEVELOPMENT:THE CASEOF PAKISTAN(1947-1g58), by Talukder Maniruzzarnan. E. L. Teppm THEAYUB KHAN ERA. POLITICSIN PAKISTAN,1958-1969, by Lawrence Zuing. Saleem M. M. Qureshi THEHISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF PAKISTAN,1857-1947: An Annotated Digest of Source Material, by K. K. Aziz. Saleem M. M. Qureshi THEGREEN REVOLUTION IN WESTPAKISTAN. Impact oÂTechnological Change, by Leslie Nulty. Mahmood Hasan Khan PAKISTAN'STRADE WITH EASTERNBLOC COUNTRIES, by Michael Kidron. Mahmood Hasan Khan FOREIGNAID AND INDUSTRIALDEVELOPMENT IN PAKISTAN,by Irving Brecher and S. A. Abbas. Mahmood Hasan Khan THE RISE OF THE LABORMOVEMENT IN CEYLON,by Visakha Kumari Jayawardena. L'Asie Du SUD-EST.Vols I and 11, edited by Maurice Baumont. John F. Cady Focus ON SOUTHEASTASIA, edited by Alice Taylor, for the American Geographical Society. Charles A. Fisher REGIONOF REVOLT.Focus on Southeast Asia, by Milton Osborne. Vsha Mahajani TENLIVES OF THE BUDDHA.Siarnese Temple Paintings and Jataka Tales, by Elizabeth Wray, Clare Rosenfield and Dorothy Bailey. Kenneth P. Landon HINDUGODS OF PENINSULARSIAM, by Stanley J. O'Connor, Jr. Kenneth P. Landon THEVIETNAM WAR AND INTERNATIONALLAW. Volume 3: The Widening Context, edited by Richard A. Falk. Michael Leifer BOOKS REVIEWEDÑ(Continued

THE ENDOF NOWHERE:AMERICAN POLICY TOWARD LAOS SINCE 1954, by Charles A. Stevenson. Michael Leifer CULTUREAND POLITICSIN INDONESIA,edited by Claire Holt. 1. A. C. Ma4ie THE WAR OF THE RUNNINGDOGS. The Malayn Emergency, 1948-1960, by Noel Barber. Gordon P. Means MALAYSIA:A COMMENTARY,by S. Nial Singh. Gordon P. Means MODERNIZATIONIN EAST MALAYSIA, 1960-1970, by James P. Ongkili. R. S. Milne THEPOLITICS OF URBANDEVELOPMENT IN SINGAPORE,by Robert E. Gamer. Gordon P. Means THEPAMPANGANS: COLONIAL SOCIETY IN A PHILIPPINEPROVINCE, by John A. Larkin. Norman G. Owen THEBATTLE OF LEYTEGULF. The Death Knell of the Japanese Fleet, by Edwin P. Hoyt. Alvin D. Coox SOUTHPACIFIC COMMISSION. An Analysis after Twenty-five Years, by T. R. Smith. M. Margaret Ball CHANGEAND DEVELOPMENTIN RURALMELANESIA, edited by Marion W. Ward. D. G. Bettison AUSTRALIAAND PAPUANEW GUINEA,edited by W. J. Hudson. D. G. Bettison THE GREATBARRIER REEF, by Isobel Bennett. 7. McT. Cowan THEINDISPENSABLE ENEMY. Labor and the Anti-Chinese Movement in California, by Alexander Saxton. Graham E. Johnson

BRIEFLY NOTED

THE YEARBOOKOF INTERNATIONALCOMMUNIST AFFAIRS: 1969, edited by Richard F. Staar. Ivan A&umovic THE FAR EAST. A History of the Western Impact and the Eastern Response (1830-1g70), by Paul H. Clyde and Burton F. Beers. Ranbir Vohra CHIANGKAI-SHEK, by Richard Curtis. Donald G. Gillin THERELIGIOUS POLICY OF THE MUGHALEMPERORS, by Sri Ram Sharma. Fritiz Lehmann MOHAMMEDALI JINNAH,edited by S. McDonough. Saleem M. M. Qurshi REPUBLICOR EMPIRE. American Resistance to the Philippine War, by Daniel B. Schirmer. Ifor B. Powell THAILAND:THEMODERN KINGDOM, by Frank and Ann Darling. Kenneth P. London WEST MALAYSIAAND SINGAPORE:A SELECTEDBIBLIOGRAPHY, by Karl J. Pelzer. R. S. Milne

CONTRIBUTORS TO THIS ISSUE

T. A. KEENLEYSIDE, Assistant Professor of Political Science, University of Windsor, Ontario. J. M. VAN DER KROEF, Professor of Political Science, University of Bridgeport; author of Indonesia After SuJ^arno, and other works. ABUL FAZL HUQ, Assistant Professor of Political Science, Rajshahi University, Bangladesh. J. A. A. STOCKWIN, Senior Lecturer in Political Science, Australian National University; author of The Japanese Socialist Party and Neutralism. GEORGE WOODCOCK, Editor of Canadian Literature; author of The British in the Far East, of Gandhi, and other works.

I 88 . .- Pacific Affairs

An International Review of Asia and the Pacific

Editor WILLIAM L. HOLLAND

Editorial Advisory Board

CYRIL S. BELSHAW R. S. MILNE PETER HARNETTY E. G. PULLEYBLANK EDGAR WICKBERG

Editorial Assistant MARYF. BRUNOLD

Pacific Affairs is indexed by Public Affairs Information Service, Social Sciences and Humanities Index. ABC POL SCI, and Current Contents: Behavioral, Social and Management Sciences. Abstracts of articles in Pacific Affairs appear in Historical Abstracts and/or America: History and Life and International Political Science Abstracts. Abstracts of book reviews appear in Book Review Digest and Review of Reviews. Back issues are available from the business office.

Pacific Affairs is published quarterly by the University of British Columbia. Editorial and business offices: University of British Columbia, Vancouver 8, Canada. Office of publication: William Byrd Press, 2901 Byrdhill Road, Richmond, Virginia 23261, U.S.A. Second-dasi postage paid at Richmond, Va. Subscription rate*: $7.00 a year, post free; siingle copies $2.00, post free. Copyright 1973, University of British Columbia. The articles in Pacific Affairs do not represent the views of the University of British Columbia. The Editor is responsible for the selection and acceptance of articles, but responsibility for opinions expressed in them rests with their authors. Pacific Affairs

Vol. 46. No. 2 Summer 1973

The People's Parliamentary Path of the Japanese Communist Party Part I : Agrarian Policies George 0.Totten 193

Korea at the Crossroads: The Birth of the Fourth Republic C. I. Eugene Kirn 218

Regionalism and the Pacific Commonwealth M. Margaret Ball 232

Japan's Overseas Investments Isaiah A. Litvak Christopher 1. Maule 254

Sukarno's Indonesia A Review Article Justus M. van der Kroef 269

Japan and World Politics in the 1970s A Review Article John M. Maki 289

A Soviet View of China's Agrarian Structure A Review Article Jan J. Solec& 298

Book Reviews (see overleaf)

Contributors to this Issue 356 BOOKS REVIEWED IN THIS ISSUE

ASIA AND THE INTERNATIONALSYSTEM, edited by Wayne Wicox, Leo E. Rose and Gavin Boyd. Michael Leifer HISTORYOF THE FAR EAST,by Milton W. Meyer. Edgar Wickberg THEFAR EAST, by Chester A. Bain. Edgar Wickberg COMMUNICATIONAND CULTUREIN ANCIENTINDIA AND CHINA, by Robert T. Oliver. Hellmut Wilhelm PATTERNSOF POLITICALDEVELOPMENT. Japan, India, Israel, by Roger W. Benjamin. R. P. Dore UNDERSTANDINGCHINA. An Assessment of American Scholarly Resources, by John M. H. Lindbeck. Ping-chin Kiso MAOAND CHINA.From Revolution to Revolution, by Stanley Karnow. Colin Muckerras THEMORNING DEI.UGE. Mao Tsetung and The Chinese Revolution 1893-1954, by Han Suyin. Jerome Ch'en CHINESECOMMUNISM IN 1927, by Hsiao Tso-Liang. Jerome Ch'en MAO'SWAY, by Edward Rice. Jerome Ch'en CHINA:THE PEASANT REVOLUTION, edited by Ray Wylie. William Badour WARLORDPOLITICS. Conflict and Coalition in the Modernization of Republican China, by Lucian W. Pye. Harold 2. Schiffrin THEDISTRICT MAGISTRATE IN LATEIMPERIAL CHINA, by John R. Watt. Brian L. Evans ILLUSTRATEDATLAS OF CHINA,prepared under the auspices of the United States Govern- ment. Louis Veilleux CHINAKUNDEIN HER SOWJETUNIONNACH SOWJETISCHENQUELLEN, by Helmut Martin. Werner Levi DER DEMOKRATISCHEBUND UND SEINEVORLAUFER 1939-1949, by ThOmaS Scharping. Werner Levi DIE VON MAO TSE-TUNGGEPRAGTE VERTORIENTIERUNGNACH DEM IM APRIL 1969 ERKL~TEN"SIEG DER GROSSENPROLETARISCHEN KULTURREVOLUTION," by Klaus Mading and Bernd Hellig. Werner Leui KINSHIPAND COMMUNITYIN Two CHINESEVILLAGES, by Burton Pasternak. David K. Jordan CHINESECONNOISSEURSHIP: THE KO Ku YAOLUN, translated and edited by Sir Percival David. Wilma Fairbank THEYUAIKAI, 1912-19. The Rise of Labor in Japan, by Stephen S. Large. Hyman Kublin THEHUMAN REVOLUTION. Volume I, by Daisaku Ikeda. Cyril Powles PACIFICESTRANGEMENT. Japanese and American Expansion, 1897-1911, by Akiia Iriye. John A. White THESILENT TRAVELLER IN JAPAN, by Chiang Yee. John S. Brownlee THEJAPANESE GARDEN. An Approach to Nature, text by Teiji Ito. John W. Neill THECLASSIC TRADITION IN JAPANESE ARCHITECTURE, text by Teiji Itoh. Arthur Erickson JUNGLEALLIANCE: JAPAN AND THE INDIANNATIONAL ARMY, by Joyce C. Lebra. Stephen P. Cohen A CRITIQUEOF MODERNHINDU LAW. by J. Duncan M. Derrett. Peter Harnetty THE CLASSICALLAW OF INDIA,by Robert Lingat, translated by J Duncan M. Derrett. Peter Harnetty THE DYNAMICSOF INDIANPOLITICAL FACTIONS, by Mary C. Carras. Paul R. Brass BUREAUCRACYAND POLITICSIN INDIA,by C. P. Bhambhri. Benjamin N. Schoenfeld EDUCATIONAND POLITICSIN INDIA,edited by Susanne Hoeber Rudolph and Lloyd I. Rudolph. Aileen D. Ross COMMUNISMIN INDIA,by Sir Cecil Kaye. With unpublished documents from the National Archives of India (1g1g-1gz4), compiled and edited by Subodh Roy. Justus M. van der Kroef PRESSAND POLITICSIN INDIA,1895-1905, by Prem Narain. Benjamin N. Schoenfeld THE KAPALIKASAND KALAMUKHAS.Two Lost Saivite Sects, by David N. Lorenzen. Mahesh Mehta THEPARTITION OF THE PUNJAB,by Kirpal Singh, revised by Sri Ram Sharma. lan 1. Kerr INDIA'SBOUNDARY AND TERRITORIALDISPUTES, by Surya P. Sharma. Steven A. Hoffman MODERNBHUTAN, by Ram Rahul. Werner Levi

(Continued on page 356) BOOKS REVIEWED-(Continued)

NEPAL: RAUM,MENSCH CND WIRTSCHAFT,by Wolf Donner. Werner Levi INDIAAND SIKKIM:1814-1970, by P. R. Rao. Leo E. Rose THELIBERATION WAR, by Mohammed Ayoob and K. Subrahmanyam. Stephen P. Cohen A POLITICALSTUDY OF PAKISTAN,by Safdar Mahmood, Robert LaPorte, Jr. THEFRONTIERS OF PAKISTAN.A Study of Frontier Problems in Pakistan's Foreign Policy, by Mujtaba Razvi. Saleem M. M. Qureshi CHINAAND SOUTHEASTASIA: THE POLITICS OF SURVIVAL,by Melvin Gurtov. Milton Osborne DILEMMASOF STATEHOODIN SOUTHEASTASIA, by Michael Leifer. Milton Osborne SOUTHAND SOUTHEASTASIA, edited by John A. Harrison. Peter Harneity THEPOLITICS OF HEROININ SOUTHEASTASIA, by Alfred W. McCoy with Cathleen B. Read and Leonard P. Adams 11. Kenneth Ray Young INDOCHINAIN CONFLICT.A Political Assessment, edited by Joseph J. Zasloff and Allan E. Goodman. Dennis 1. Duncanson CONFERENCEUNDER THE TAMARINDTREE. Three Essays in Burmese History, by Paul J. Bennet. John F. Cady ADATLAWS IN MODERNMALAYA, by M. B. Hooker. L. C. Green ISLAMICCOURTS IN INDONESIA,by Daniel S. Lev. C. A. 0. van Nieuwenhuijze TRENDSIN INDONESIA,edited by Yong Mun Cheong. Harold Crouch MAGELLANOF THE PACIFIC,by Edouard Roditi. Harold fivermore WE, THENAVIGATORS. The Ancient Art of Landfinding in the Pacific, by David Lewis. Robert Tonkinson HABU.The Innovation of Meaning in Daribi Religion, by Roy Wagner. D. G. Bettison

BRIEFLY NOTED

AN INTRODUCTIONTO SOUTHEAST ASIAN POLITICS, by J. R. E. Waddell. R. S. Milne LEGISLATIVERECRUITMENT AND POLITICALINTEGRATION. Patterns of Political Linkage in an Indian State, by Richard Sisson and Lawrence Shrader. L. P. Singh MIAOAND YAO LINGUISTICSTUDIES. Selected articles in Chinese, translated by Chang Yu-hung and Chu Kwo-ray, edited by Herbert C. Purnell, Jr. E. G. Pulleyblank. INDIA:A MODERNHISTORY, by Percival Spear. Peter Harnetty HINDUSOF THE HIMALAYAS:ETHNOGRAPHY AND CHANGE,by Gerald D. Berreman. Peter Harnetty

CONTRIBUTORS TO THIS ISSUE GEORGE 0. TOTTEN, Professor of Political Science, University of South- ern California; author of The Social Democratic Movement in Prewar Japan. C. I. EUGENE KIM, Professor of Political Science, Western Michigan Uni- versity. M. MARGARET BALL, Professor of Political Science and Director of the Center for Commonwealth Studies, Duke University. I. A. LITVAK and C. J. MAULE, Members of the Department of Eco- nomics and the School of International Affairs, Carleton University. JOHN M. MAKI, Professor of Political Science, University of Massachusetts. JAN J. SOLECKI, Associate Professor of Slavonic Studies, University of British Columbia. Pacific Affairs

An International Review of Asia and the Pacific

Editor WILLIAM L. HOLLAND

Editorial Advisory Board

CYRIL S. BELSHAW R. S. MILNE PETER HARNETTY E. G. PULLEYBLANK EDGAR WICKBERG

Editorial Assistant MARYBRUNOLD

Editorial and Business Office

PACIFICAFFAIRS, UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA Vancouver 8, B. C. Canada

Pacific Affairs is indexed by Public Affairs Information Service, Social Sciences and Hu- manities Index, ABC POL SCI, and Current Contents: Behavioral, Social and Management Sciences. Abstracts of articles in Pacific Affairs appear in Historical Abstracts and/or America: History and Life and International Political Science Abstracts. Abstracts of book reviews appear in Book Review Digest and Review of Reviews. Back issues are available from the business office. The articles in Pacific Affairs do not represent the views of the University of British Columbia. The editor is responsible for the selection and acceptance of articles, but responsibility for opinions expressed in them rests with their authors. Copyright 1973, Uni- versity of British Columbia. Pacific Affairs Vol. 46, No. 3 Fall 1973

PAGE

Elite Politics in the New States: The Case of Post-Independence Sri Lanka Tism Fernando 361

The People's Parliamentary Path of the Japanese Communist Party Part 11: Local Level Tactics George 0. Totten 384

The Military and Islam in Sukarno's Indonesia Howard M. Federspiel 407

"Ecstasy Years3'-Old Age in Japan David W. Plath 421

Delusions and Discoveries about the British in India A Review Article Philip Mason 430

Ethnicity, Democracy and Political Development A Review Article R. S. Milne 435

Book Reviews (see overleaf)

Contributors to this Issue BOOKS REVIEWED IN THIS ISSUE Page

RUSSIAAND ASIA.Essays on the Influence of Russian on the Asian Peoples, edited by Wayne F. Vucinich. Donald W. Treadgold BRITAINAND THE SINO-JAPANESEWAR, 1937-1939, by Bradford A. Lee. Alvin D. Coox JOHNFOSTER DULLES. A Statesman and his Times, by Michael A. Guhin. John W. Holmes AN INTRODUCTIONTO CHINESECIVILIZATION, edited by John Meskill and J. Ma'son Gentzler Jeyome Ch'en CHINESESCIENCE. Explorations of an Ancient Tradition, edited by Shigeru Nakayama and Nathan Sivin. L. Carrington Goodrich CHINA:Enduring Scholarship, edited by John A. Harrison. E. G. Pulleyblank MAOTSE-TUNG AND LIN PIAO.Post-Revolutionary Writings, edited

by K. Fan. ' S. Bernard Thomas THEMEIJI RESTORATION,by W. G. Beasley. Marius B. ]arisen THEHORIZON CONCISE HISTORY OF JAPAN,by Noel F. Busch. ]ohn S. Byownlee DISCORDIN THE PACIFIC.Challenges to the Japanese-American Alliance, edited by Henry Rosovsky. Frank C. Langdon THEPACIFIC RIVALS. A Japanese View of Japanese-American Relation's, by the Staff of the Asahi. l. A. A. Stockwin INDIA-PAKISTAN.The History of Unsolved Conflicts, by Lars Blinkenberg. W. M. Dobell SOVIETRUSSIA AND THE HINDUSTANSUBCONTINENT, by Vijay Sen Budhraj. Werner Levi PEKIN ET LE MOUVEMENTCOMMUNISTE INDIEN, by Chi-Hsi Hu. Werner Levi AGRARIANCHANGE IN A NORTHERNINDIAN STATE. Uttar Pradesh, 1819-1833, by Asiya Siddiqi. Thomas R. Metcalf ECONOMICDEVELOPMENT IN SOUTHASIA, edited by E. A. G. Robinson and Michael Kidron. W. Klatt INFANTMORTALITY, POPULATION GROWTH AND FAMILYPLANNING IN INDIA, by S. Chandrasekhar. Taya Zinkin THEMYTH OF POPULATIONCONTROL. Family, Caste, and Class in an Indian Village, by Mahmood Mamdani. Taya Zin&n BRITISHPOWER IN THE PUNJAB,1839-1858, by N. M. Khilnani. N. Gerald Bonier PAKISTAN:FAILURE IN NATIONALINTEGRATION, by Rounaq Jahan E. L. Tepper ECONOMICDEVELOPMENT IN CEYLON,by H. N. S. Karunatilake. B. H. Farmer THE PAGODAWAR. Lord Dufferin & the Fall of the Kingdom of Ava, 1885-6, by A. T. Q. Stewart John F. Cady THE ECONOMICSOF MODERNIZATIONAND OTHERESSAYS. Collection of Speeches in Singapore, by Goh Keng Swee. R. S. Milne CAMBODIAIN THE SOUTHEASTASIAN WAR, Malcolm Caldwell and Lek Tan. Milton Osborne SAMOA:A PHOTOGRAPHICESSAY, by Frederic Koehler Sutter. Guy Powles DONFRANCISCO DE PAULAMARIN. A Biography, by Ross H. Gast Burry M. Gough (Continued on page 475)

Pacific Affairs is ~ublished quarterly by the University of British Columbia. Editorial and business offices: University of British Columbia, Vancouver 8, Canada. Office of publication: William Byrd Press, 2901 Byrdhill Road, Richmond, Virginia 23261, U.S.A. Second-class postage paid at Richmond, Va. Subscription rates: $7.00 a year, post free; single copies $3.00, post free. BOOKS REVIEWED-(Continued) BRIEFLY NOTED

THEIRFINEST HOUR: SAGA OF INDIA'SDECEMBER VICTORY, by G. S. Bhargava. P. Harnetty 472 A DEATHIN DELHI.Modern Hindi Short Stories, translated and edited by Gordan C. Roadarmel. Shreeprakash Kurl 472 THE CHINESECOMMUNISTS. Sketches and Autobiographies of the Old Guard, by Helen Foster Snow (Nym Wales). William L. Holland 473 YENANIN JUNE 1937. Talks with the Communist Leaders, by T. A. Bisson. William L. Holland 474

CONTRIBUTORS TO THIS ISSUE TISSA FERNANDO, Assistant Professor of Sociology, University of British Columbia. GEORGE 0. TOTTEN, Professor of Political Science, University of Southern California; author of The Social Democratic Movement in Prewar Japan. HOWARD M. FEDERSPIEL, Associate Professor of Political Science, Winthrop College. DAVID W. PLATH, Member of the Department of Anthropology, Uni- versity of Illinois; author of After Hours: Modern Japan and the Search for Enjoyment. PHILIP MASON, Former Director of the Institute of Race Relations, University of London; author of Patterns of Dominance. R. S. MILNE, Professor, of Political Science, University of British Columbia; author of Government and Politics in Malaysia. Pacific Affairs

An International ~eviewof Asia and the Pacific

Editor WILLIAM L. HOLLAND

Editorial Advisory Board

CYRIL S. BELSHAW R. S. MILNE PETER HARNETTY E. G. PULLEYBLANK EDGAR WICKBERG

Editorial Assistant MARYBRUNOLD

Editorial and Business Office

PACIFICAFFAIRS, UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA 2075 Wesbrook Place, Vancouver, B. C. V6T 1W5, Canada

Pacific Affairs is indexed by Public Affairs Information Service, Social Sciences and Hu- manities Index, ABC POL SCI, and Current Contents: Behavioral, Social and Management Sciences. Abstracts of articles in Pacific Affairs appear in Historical Abstracts and/or America: History and Life and International Political Science Abstracts. Abstracts of book reviews appear in Book Review Digest and Review of Reviews. Back issues are available from the business office. The articles in Pacific Affairs do not represent the views of the University of British Columbia. The editor is responsible for the selection and acceptance of articles, but responsibility for opinions expressed in them rests with their authors. Copyright 1973, Uni- versity of British Columbia. Pacific Affairs Vol. 46, No. 4 Winter 1973-74

British Financial Diplomacy in China: The Leith-Ross Mission, 1935-1937 Stephen L. Endicott 481

Evidences of Antimilitarism in Prewar and Wartime Japan Ahin D. Coox 502

Indonesia's Response to Changing Big Power Alignments Robert C. Horn 515

Reflections on Agricultural Modernisation in Asia W. Klatt 534

Notes and Comment The East Asian Library Collection in the University of Toronto Raymond W.H. Chu, Shuzo Uyenaka 548

Rural Chinese Social Organization, Tradition and Change A Review Article Graham E. Johnson 557

5 Double Trauma in Asia A Review Article

Book Reviews (see overleaf)

Contributors to this Issue 615

Rising production costs have unfortunately made is necessary to increase the subscription price of Pacific Affairs. This action has been deferred as long as possible but is now unavoidable. The new rates are as follows: one year $10.00; two years $18.00; three years $26.00; single copies $3.00. BOOKS REVIEWED IN THIS ISSUE

Page FARMMECHANIZATION IN EAST ASIA, edited by Herman Southworth. W. Klatt 570 ASIANJOURNAL, by Thomas Merton. George Woodcock 570 GEORGEC. MARSHALL:ORGANIZER OF VICTORY,1943-45, by Forrest C. Pogue. John F. Melby 571 CHINADIPLOMACY, 1914-1918, by Madeleine Chi. Richard L. Walker 572 SOCIALREFORMERS IN URBANCHINA. The Chinese Y.M.C.A., 1895-1926, by Shirley Garrett. Richard L. Walf

Pacific Affairs. is published quarterly by thte University of British Columbia. Editorial and business offices: University of British Columbia, Vancouver 8, Canada. Office of publication William Byrd Press, 2901 Byrdhill Road, Richmond, Virginia 23261, U.S.A. Second-class postage paid at Richmond, Va. Subscription rates: $10.00 a year, post free; single copies $3.00, post free. BOOKS REVIEWED-(Continued)

PRIVATEINVESTMENT IN INDIA,1900-1939, by Amiya Bagchi. Alan W. Heston POLITICALELITE IN BIHAR,by Shashishekhar Jha. Lewis P. Fickftt, Jr. THERAVADABUDDHISM IN SOUTHEASTASIA, by Robert C. Lester. lohn F. Cady AMERICANSIN SOUTHEASTASIA. The Roots of Commitment, by Russell H. Fifield. Michael Leifer PAPERSON THE WAR,by Daniel Ellsberg. Milton Osborne WIDERWAR: THESTRUGGLE FOR CAMBODIA,THAILAND AND LAOS, by Donald Kirk. Milton Oshorne THE WINTERSOLDIER INVESTIGATION: AN INQUIRYINTO AMERICANWAR CRIMES. by the Vietnam Veterans Against the War. Milton Osborne RACEAND POLITICSIN URBANMALAYA, by Alvin Rabushka. Gordon P. Means BUDDHISMAND SOCIETY,by Melford E. Spiro. John F. Cady THE POLITICALLEGACY OF AUNGSAN, compiled with an introductory essay by Josef Silverstein. Frank N. Trager HISTORICALAND CULTURALDICTIONARY OF BURMA,by Joel M. Maring and and Ester G. Maring. D. G. E. Hall THE CHRISTIANIZATIONOF THE PHILIPPINES,by Miguel A. Bernad, S.J. Ifor B. Powell AGUINALDOAND THE REVOLUTIONOF 1896. A Documentary History, by Pedro S. de Achutegui S.J. and Miguel A. Bernad S.J. John A. Lar4in THE ECONOMYOF INDONESIA.Selected Readings, edited by Bruce Glassburner. G. G. Van Beers THE SETTLEMENTOF POLYNESIA,by Michael Levison, E. Gerard Ward and John W. Webb. Andrew Sharp BIG-MEN AND BUSINESS.Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth in the New Guinea Highlands, by Ben R. Finney. D. G. Bettison

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CHINA.Advisory Editor: 0. Edmund Clubb. William L. Holland 61 2 A CHINESEVIEW OF CHINA,by John Gittings. Ranbir Vohra 612 THE JAPANESE:How THEYLIVE AND WORK,by W. Scott Morton. John S. Brownlee 613 THE RISE OF JAPAN,by Michael Gibson John S. Brownlec 613 THE OVERSEASINDIAN COMMUNITY IN HONGKONG, by K. N. Vaid. Kernial Singh Sandhn 613 VIETNAM:A COMPREHENSIVEBIBLIOGRAPHY, by John H. M. Chen. Milton Osborne 614 PANCHAGRAM(FIVE VILLAGES),by Tarasankar Banerjee, translated by Marcus F. Franda and Suhrid K. Chatterjee. Rachel Van M. Baumer 614