Southeast Asia Program 1987 Bulletin

Cornell University

SEAP ARCHIVE COPY DO NOT REMOVE Southeast Asia Program 1987 Bulletin Contents From the Director 2 Professor Gerard Diffloth 3 Cornell Blue Laughter: Perceptions of Reality Thomas W. Leavitt 5 Vietnamese Ceramics in the Herbert F. Johnson University Museum of Art at Cornell Stanley J. O'Connor 6 On Studying Vietnam Christine Pelzer White 8 Catching Up with Each Other, Indonesian-Cornellian Style Daniel Dhakidac 11 Program Publications 12 About Program People 13

Published by the outhcast Asia Program, Cover design: a Vietnamese sixteenth­ Cornell University, 988 century dish in the Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art. Decorated in under­ Edited by Stanley J. O'Connor ...,_ai::.::~-:.::=..--;...:J glaze cobalt blue. Center medallion Designed by Deena Wickstrom with lotus wreath framed by a border of interrupted classic scrolls; cavetto with Produced by the Office of Publications Services, six peonies in a floral scroll. Evened rim Cornell University with classic scroll. Diameter: 37.5 cm. Gift of Rebecca Hayivard frodin and The photographs of the Vietnamese ceramics and of Gerard Reuben Frodin in memory of Ralph Diffloth were taken by Helen Kelley, and those of Blue Baker HaJ~vard '99 and George Cafoin Laughter are courtesy of the artist. Hayward '30. From the Director

Dear Friends, of the 1987 Masayoshi Ohira Memorial Prize for his I am pleased to be able to report that, one severe pathbreaking book Solo in the New Order (Princeton, setback aside, 1986-87 was a good year for the program 1986). This prize, established in 1985 in memory of the faculty and students. late Japanese prime minister, has now for a second time Following the retirement of R. B. Jones and the been won by a member of the program ( a previous decision of Frank Huffman to seek a new career with winner was Thak Chaloemtiarana). USIA, program strength in the crucial area of languages Program graduate students also had an exception­ and linguistics was dangerously depleted. The losses ally distinguished year. When the Social Science Re­ were particularly damaging to a program that is the only search Council announced the results of its 1986 inter­ one in the United States to offer instruction at all three national competition for doctoral fellowships, it turned levels in all eight major vernaculars of the Southeast out that no less than four of the seven awardees were Asian region. We were exceptionally fortunate, however, program students, of whom two were from Southeast in being able to recruit Gerard Diffloth from the Uni­ Asia. Chiranan Prasertkul, of Thailand, will undertake versity of Chicago as ofJuly 1, 1987. Diffloth is not research on precolonial nineteenth-century Laos; Sarah only one of the world's best-known scholars of Austro­ Maxim, of Connecticut, on imperial city planning in asiatic languages, but has had an unusually wide range Rangoon and Kuala Lumpur; Daniel Dhakidae, of In­ of field experience-in highland Malaya, flatland Thai­ donesia, on the political economy of the Indonesian land, and the mountains of southern India. Diffloth 's press; and Bruce Lockhart, of Pennsylvania, on the appointment also further internationalizes our faculty: twentieth-century monarchy in Vietnam and Siam. we expect that just as the arrival ofTakashi Shiraishi has Of the many distinguished visitors welcomed to the cemented scholarly bonds with Southeast Asianists in campus this year, one deserves particular mention. In Japan, so Diffloth will help us build solid links with spring 1987, thanks to the support of the Fulbright­ colleagues in France. Hays Program, we were able to have Khin Maung Kyi The greatest loss has been the result of associate come back to teach the Burma Seminar, just over director Charlie Hirschman 's decision to take a position twenty years after he gained his Ph.D. from Cornell. He at the University of Washington. A scholar of exception­ is the third Southeast Asia Program alumnus in recent ally wide sympathies, Hirschman has been a pillar of the years to return to his alma mater to give a new genera­ program since his arrival in 1981 from Duke University, tion of students not only the benefit of his scholarship and he has done much to strengthen the program in the but also an example of the vitality of program traditions. fields of sociology and Malaysian studies. The decision was a wrenching one, and we all wish Charlie the great­ est success in Seattle, where he will be joining program alumni Dan Lev and Biff Keyes in building up a new center for Southeast Asian studies at the University of Washington in partnership with the University of British Columbia and the University of Oregon. Ben Anderson Major recognition of the importance of program Director scholarship came this year with the award to Jim Siegel Professor of Government and Asian Studies

2 Professor Gerard Difiloth

Dien Bien Phu, lost among ads for Dop shampoo, vari­ ous brands of liqueur, and pay-later furniture. Strange names, like Haiphong and Luang Prabang, made a fleet­ ing appearance. He went on to college in Versailles and mathematiques speciales. Soon the Algerian war was on. Pacification, torture, and counter-counter-terrorism. Meanings without words. People thinking each in their own ways, using their own words-words that led to beliefs that led to killing. Mathematics now appeared to be aimless and childish. Somewhere there must exist a way of looking seriously into this deadly matter of languages, cultures, and history. He moved to study linguistics in Los Angeles. Those were the early days of generative grammar, a formalistic approach to language that still evokes awe and respect in the hearts of students with a hu_manities background. It was not exactly what he was after, but as they say in Malaysia, "Also can, never mind-lah." Under the guidance and protection of_Professor W. ~righ:, he went to do linguistic fieldwork m the mountams of south India, recording for the first time an unknm~n language, a humble wreck of history forgotten halhvay between Tamil and Malayalam. The way back from India to California was not ex­ actly straightfonvard. There was Bangkok airport wit!~ lots of people in army fatigues yelling across th~ h_alls 111 English. And there was eerily peaceful Cambodia 111 1966 and the silent monuments of Angkor. There was also the Malaysian forest. Just a few miles from Kuala Lumpur lived the Orang Asli, the Malayan abo~igines of old. They spoke, and still speak, a dozen very d1ffere~t languages to which no one seemed to pay any at~en~1011. They had no relation to the lowland Malays and ms1sted The child who eventually came to be called Professor on pursuing their own way of life, blowpiping monkeys, Gerard Diffloth was born in the sleepy French town of gathering wild fruit, and saying surprising things. Many Berry, in the former Gaulish province of Bitu-riges, "the of them had not acquired the need for money, but they Kings-of-life." He was born toward the end of the pre­ were the remote cousins of the Khmer, ·who had built war period, l'aJJant-guerre, when butter still had the the splendors of Angkor Thom and Angkor Wat, and taste of hazelnuts. Banteay Srei a thousand years ago. At the age of six he moved to Rouen, the capital of To support that research, he took a position at the Normandy, and realized that the world was quite a bit University of Chicago and came back to this country to larger than it had first appeared. The Germans_had _sud: teach. And just a week later he saw a man called "the denly vanished, and there were songs about Hitler 1~1 his president" calmly explaining on television why it had pajamas and Mussolini in his nightgown. The Amencans become necessary to bomb Cambodia. had come out of nowhere. They had bombed large parts During the following years he went back to the_ of the city into heaps of bricks and disemboweled mat­ Malayan forest several times, learned to speak Sema1 and tresses, but they had also distributed chocolate bars, one some Temiar and also Jab Hut, a little Che' Wong and a for every child, in all the elementary schools, and the smattering of Semelai, a whiff of Kensiw. A whole sub- soles of their shoes were of real leather, not wood. Some years later, on Radio Europe No. 1 news, there was some hoopla about the hopeless defenders of

3 merged continent of human history was unfolding be­ ies from seven languages, three of which were not even fore his eyes. In the meantime Cambodia was no longer known to exist. From that perspective, the Lawa of at war, and, with Pol Pot in charge, everything would Thailand appeared to be the southern fringe of a very be all right. large and ancient group of cultures to the north and The trail of the Malayan aborigines led directly west. Quite a different story from that of Nyah Kur. north to a little-known nation with an ancient culture, These results will soon be published at Cornell. the Mons of Burma, who had left their inscriptions in But what about the small and neglected language the temples of Pagan. Actually the trail led quite a bit groups in Cambodia itself-what did they represent in further, for there were rumors that the Mons used to the history of the Khmer empire? In the fourteenth have a kingdom called Dvaravati, in central Thailand, century a Chinese trader had remarked that there were seven hundred years before the Thais themselves. But large numbers of "Chuang" servants in the capital city that was just an opinion, and not a fashionable one. If of Angkor Thom. This is the name of a very small eth­ the Mons had really lived in Dvaravati, how come they nic group, the Chong, in western Thailand and neigh­ had left no descendants speaking that language in Thai­ boring Cambodia. He began to study this language for land? a tew months in Chanthaburi province-an extraordi­ But they had. Nobody was paying any attention to nary language with sounds that phoneticians never a very small group of people in the center of Thailand, thought possible in human speech and a formidable the Chao Bon, who appeared to be Thai but actually challenge to the historical linguist. The Khmer language still spoke an unstudied language, Nyah Kur. He went itself is no runt. It has a splendid unbroken record of several times to Thailand to record this language with inscriptions longer than that of English. the help of a Thai linguist, Professor Theraphan L. This research is still in progress. It would have been Thongkum. It turned out that Nyah Kur was an off­ an immense black hole if the personal computer had not shoot of the oldest form of Mon found in the rare and arrived, just in time, to the rescue. In the encouraging fragmentary inscriptions of Dvaravati. That was, for the atmosphere of Southeast Asian studies at Cornell there first time, clear evidence that the oldest kingdom in seems to be some hope that he will not be swallowed up Thailand was indeed Mon-speaking. The results of this whole. research were published in a book at Chulalongkorn There was an occasion to go to Yunnan, where Universiry in Bangkok. some other Mon-Khmer people were living and speak­ There were many other unknown Mon-Khmer ing little-known languages: the Palaung, the Wa, the groups in the area-the Lawa, for example, who were Rumai, the Bulang, the U, the Mok, and others. The rumored to be the older population of northern Thai­ Wa were mostly known for hunting heads and display­ land. How did they fit in the history of the region? No­ ing these subtle messages to outsiders all around their body knew. He traveled for some time in the Chiang villages. But such practices had been abandoned after Mai area and discovered that there were at least half a Liberation. He was never able to verify any of this but dozen languages called "Lawa," only one of which had recorded a fair amount of linguistic materials for a his­ ever been studied, and that to a very small extent. He tory of these languages, which will soon appear in print found that those languages were very different from at Cornell. each other, and each had close cousins in the Shan The enormous task of writing an etymological dic­ states of Burma or in Yunnan province, China. tionary for the whole Mon-Khmer family of languages Fieldwork, anyone? had seemed almost a joke at first. But there appeared on Not in Burma, but China was opening its doors in a the market some very useful and friendly (and very ex­ way. He spent three months there collecting vocabular- pensive, too) electronic machines. He only had to find a place where his research made sense. Cornell was the place. Let's see what else will happen.

4 Blue Laughter: Perceptions of Reality

Thomas W. Leavitt Apinan Poshyananda's Blue Laughter is an environment of objects, prints, and video that chronicles an Eastern artist's journey from frustration at the limitations of the European painting tradition toward a realization of the possibilities and absurdities of television, the major form of communication in contemporary life. The video is a dramatization of the artist's rejection of the conventions of easel painting and his discoveries about the nature of reality. We share the artist's shock at the physicality of color as he slashes blue paint across his attempt at the Mona Lisa and, again, as blue paint pours from the painter's bucket onto the head of a young boy. Further revelations await the artist in a dream chamber piled high with raw blue pigment. When he finally awakes, he finds traces of his dream smeared on his clothing and filling his pockets, and his response is uncon­ trollable laughter. This short piece is crammed with references to other artists, from Leonardo da Vinci to Nam June Paik, all made in a spirit Above: of friendly irony. TVs, 1987 T h at he is also commenting on television is Installation: silk-screen made evident in the other portions of the envi- prints on televisions, ronment. Pied-up1 television sets, with printe d 12 x 15 feet images of the artist covering the screens, make Right: us realize that what we have seen in the video is Rocks, 1987 also not reality, but a fable presented in the me- Installation: painted rocks dium that dominates our notions of life today. and pebbles, 15 x 17 feet The whole is a multilayered comment on per­ Below: ception and communication in our time. Ha Ha 6, 1987 Exhibitions such as Blue Laughter are im­ Assemblage, 4 x 6 feet portant for museums to present, I feel, because one of the central functions of art museums is to en­ largely determined by images we see on television. But hance our understanding of the lives we are living. For television sets and the programs that are played on them many ofus, not only in Europe and the United States, are objects themselves, which is one of the points that but also in the Far East, our perception of reality is Poshyananda is making. The better we comprehend the forces that are shaping our perceptions, the more we can see through them and arrive at a clear personal vi­ sion of the real world. The possibility that the real world itself is absurd is perhaps the underlying cause of the artist's hysterical laughter. Editor's note: The artist, Apinan Poshyananda, is a doc­ toral candidate in art history and a member of the South­ east Asia Program at Cornell. His Blue Laughter was exhibited at the Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art in March 1987 and also at the National Gallery, Bangkok, in June and July. Thomas Leavitt is director of the Johnson Museum. His essay is reprinted from the catalog accompanying the Blue Laughter exhibition.

5 Vietnamese Ceramics in the Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art

Stanley]. O,Connor One of the pleasures of visiting the fifth floor of the Johnson Museum is the ever-changing display of South­ east Asian ceramics. These high-fired wares made in Thai, Khmer, and Vietnamese kilns, so little known and valued only twenty or thirty years ago, have now en­ tered the mainstream of ceramic history. Museum cura­ tors and private collectors avidly search out obscure journals to read about new discoveries of kiln sites, sunken ships, trading settlements, and ancient cemeter­ ies in order to better understand the processes of pro­ duction and the human uses these pots once served. For the generality of ceramics lovers, such specialized con­ cerns may be of only marginal interest-it is the har­ mony of form, the vivacity of surface decoration, the dynamic interplay of light and glaze to which they re­ spond, finding in these skillfully made pots an embodi­ ment of well-being and disciplined order. Vietnamese wares in the collection are less nmner­ The earliest Vietnamese wares in the Johnson Mu­ ous than those from Thai and Khmer kilns, but fortu­ seum are the monochromes-stonewares with lime nately the examples available offer a good range of what green, chocolate, and creamy white glazes. All the ex­ was produced by the Vietnamese from the fourteenth amples in the collection are either conical bowls or small through the seventeenth century to meet the brisk de­ plates with biscuit rings left unglazed to permit easy mand for ceramics in the international trade of Asia. stacking in the kiln . Especially good markets existed in maritime Southeast Somewhat later wares, of the fifteenth and sixteenth Asia, and the almost miraculous preservation of so many centuries, decorated with cobalt under the glaze, were a ancient Vietnamese ceramics is due entirely to the fact staple of the export trade. Both vessel type and tradition that these vessels were too prized for daily use and of decoration, such as floral sprays, cloud collars, classic served principally as offerings to the dead. Although scroll, wave and diaper patterns, and lotus panels, are doubtless many wares were broken in the clandestine modeled on Chinese ceramics. In the collection, ex­ excavations of graves in the Philippines and Indonesia, amples range in size from the large plate and the jar of what has reached the contemporary market is very often depressed globular shape illustrated here to quite small in pristine condition, betraying none of the marks of covered boxes. In all cases the handling of the decora­ hard daily usage. tive motifs is rather freer than is customary on similar In some ways Vietnamese ceramics are an extended Chinese wares. Another distinctive feature is that iron commentary on, inflection of, and reaction against, oxide was frequently applied to the base. traditional Chinese ceramics. The very deep past of the Perhaps the most dazzling of Vietnamese wares, industry would appear to be traceable to the imposition and certainly the least frequently encountered, are those of Han dynasty rule, and broad parallels may be dis­ painted with enamels of red, green, and yellow over a cerned between T'ang and Sung dynasty production clear glaze and with cobalt blue decoration under that and Vietnamese wares, but despite this intertwining, glaze. The small six-lobed covered box illustrated here is Vietnamese ceramics have a presence that sets them a characteristic example, but among the most spectacu­ apart as fresh and distinctive products immediately dis­ lar of these wares are the large plates that traditionally tinguishable from those of China. served as pusalla, or heirlooms, in maritime Southeast Apparently the pre-fourteenth-century wares were Asia. These wares are usually dated to the sixteenth produced for local elite consumption. At least they have century. not yet been reported in trading stations or cemeteries Much remains to be learned about Vietnamese in maritime Southeast Asia, nor have they been ceramics. Excavations of kiln sites in Vietnam will not identified in collections in Japan or in the Middle East, only provide knowledge about craft processes but possi­ such as the Ardebil Shrine in Teheran or the Tokapu bly revise current ideas about chronology that are based Sarayi in Istanbul. None of these early wares are in the on interpolation into the better-studied Chinese wares, Johnson Museum collection either. as well as inferences drawn from the appearance of Viet­ namese wares in assemblages of trade ceramics abroad.

6 Opposite page: Jar with low neck and globular form; deco­ rated in cobalt blue under glaze; band of medallions en­ closing floral sprays at neck. Main body decorated with peony sprays and scrolling leaves between line borders; low band of lotus panels above foot. Height: 11 cm; diameter: 16 cm. Vietnamese, fifteenth to sixteenth century. Gift of Mr. Dean F. Frasche. Left: Bowl with conical shape covered in cream glaze. Molded petal design decorates cavetto. Wide biscuit ring in center to facilitate stacking in the kiln. Diameter: 17.5 cm. Vietnamese, fourteenth to fifteenth century. Gift of Mr. Jennis R . Galloway. Bottom left: Jar with low neck and rounded mouth rim. Decorated in cobalt blue under glaze. Double lotus-petal collar frames neck; body with floral spray and leaf scroll inside double lines; cloud scroll at waist; petal lappets above foot. Height: 12.5 cm. Vietnamese, sixteenth century. Gift of Mr. Dean F. Frasche. Below: Covered box with floral rosettes on lid surrounded by lotus panels. Lobed body divided into panels. Under­ glaze decoration in cobalt blue; green enamel applied over transparent glaze. Diameter: 7 .6 cm; height: 5.4 cm. Viet­ namese, sixteenth century. Gift of Mr. Jennis R. Galloway.

7 On Studying Vietnam

Christine Pelzer White mass of graduate students working on Vietnamese poli­ tics was apparently not welcomed by all in his depart­ I first came to Cornell in 1965 as a graduate student ment. I remember that when I was examined for Ph.D. intending to do a Ph.D. in French literature. Soon after candidacy, one of the panel, an expert on American my arrival I saw a documentary on the war in Vietnam. politics, asked me: "Why are you studying celluloid Images from that film are still etched in my mind :_ a GI people? Why not study real people in real politics--:--~h ~ casually setting a peasant's thatched roof ablaze with a United States?" At the time I took that as a chauvm1st1c cigarette lighter. A close-up of an exhausted, over­ attack on Asian area studies and an example of the sort whelmed young soldier, breathlessly telling the camera of attitude that had got our government into the Viet­ audience that what was going on in Vietnam was ter­ nam War in the first place. Ignorant of Vietnamese his­ rible, but then, "Life is cheap in the Orient." Cheap to tory and politics, we thought we had the power to write us but precious to them, I thought. They have so little, the script and cast the actors in Vietnam and chose Ngo and we have so much, but we go half.vay around the Dinh Diem to play the role of George Washington in­ world to destroy the little they have . Why? On the way stead of Ho Chi Minh. If the only real politics is Ameri­ out I picked up an article on the history of United can politics, then the rest of the world becomes a pro­ States involvement in Vietnam that was written by two jection of our own image, a dangerous worldview for a Cornell professors, George McT. Kahin and John W. world power. Lewis. By the end of the semester I had applied to I felt immune to the accusation of studying "cellu­ transfer to the government department and the South­ loid people," since I had lived in Indonesia and the east Asia Program to study Vietnamese politics under Philippines for over two years and a number of South­ the supervision of George Kahin. With nothing behind east Asian fellow students were friends. But in a way he me but a B.A. in French literature and George Kahin's was right. In the years to come, as I began research for assurance that the key prerequisites for making an im­ my dissertation on the portant contribution to scholarship on Southeast Asian interaction between politics are a good analytical mind and long hours por­ agrarian reform, class ing over primary materials in the library, I was soon struggle, and national engaged in research on the origins of the Nationa_l L!b­ liberation in the Viet­ eration Front (the so-called Viet Cong). Under his rig­ namese revolution, my orous training I soon learned to re-examine every as- knowledge of the people sumption and footnote every assertion. . . and the country I was Vietnamese studies was virtually nonexistent 111 the studying came from the United States at that time. The pioneers in the field microfilmed page-a were in history: at Cornell the British-trained historian form of celluloid- as well Oliver Wolters had just begun to turn the focus of his as from books and news­ impressive scholarly intellect to Vietnam an~ was s~per­ papers. More like a histo­ vising John Whitmore's Ph.D. research, while David rian than a political scien­ Marr at Berkeley and Alexander Woodside at Harvard tist, my experience of the had begun work on their dissertations. At Cornell the object of my research first generation of trainee specialists on Vietnamese came from words on politics-David Elliott, Gareth Porter, Jayne Werner, pages. and myself-were introduced to the intricacies of con­ My first opportunity temporary Vietnam by visiting professors Philippe . The pagoda in the old people's to get to know the Viet­ Devillers and Jean Lacouture from the former colonial orchard, Quang Nap cooperative, namese from the socio­ power, France. In addition to George Kahin, who gave Thai Binh political system I was an example of meticulous and morally principled schol­ studying came during my arship, our mentors included Ben Anderson, who first year of teaching as a tutor in political science at the taught us new ways of conceptualizing nationalism and Australian National University in Canberra. The prime the interface of society, culture, and politics, and, at minister, Gough Whitlam, had recognized the Demo­ least in my case, Mario Einaudi, who introduced Cor­ cratic Republic ofVietnam in 1973. Soon a DRV em­ nell government students to Marx's political t~e?ry at a bassy was established in Canberra, and thirty students rime when objective and open-minded appreciation of arrived from Hanoi to study English and then enroll in Marx's contribution to political thought was extremely the university. I had nine students from Hanoi in my rare on American campuses. Political Science 1 tutorial, along with three students George Kahin's project of building up a critical from the People's Republic of China, and I exchanged

8 language lessons with the embassy, English for Viet­ format of the colloquium was that the researchers from namese. As is typical of students from Third World Britain presented papers on feminist research and de­ countries, most of them did not come directly from bates concerning employment and family policy in the school but had already worked. Some had taught Eng­ United Kingdom, while Vietnamese researchers from lish at high schools and in the Foreign Trade College; the SSC, the Ministry of Labor, the Committee for the others had worked in the Tourism Office or as journal­ Protection of Mothers and Children, and the Women's ists in the Vietnam News Agency or for the radio. The Union presented papers on the situation of women in conversations we had on a wide range of topics gave me Vietnam. an understanding of Vietnamese society and politics that The meeting was jointly sponsored by the IDS and has profoundly helped my research and writing, the SSC and fonded by the Swedish International De­ enabling me to get a better sense of Vietnamese political velopment Authority. Basic social legislation such as l sociology and social transformations. employment and marriage law had been passed in the For example, while I knew that Vietnam had never Democratic Republic of Vietnam in the late 1950s, had the equivalent of China's Cultural Revolution, I during the first stages of creating a socialist system. In l assumed that official policy in Hanoi shared the usual the years that followed there were the massive social Communist hostility to religion and traditional culture. changes that ac­ That stereotype was modified when one student hap­ company institu­ pened to show me his pocket date book. Traditional tion building, holidays, reckoned by the lunar calendar, were marked urbanization, and in that diary published in a Hanoi printing house: industrialization, as Buddha's birthday, the festival for the new rice, etc. well as the trauma Like many others working or studying in North of war. It was not Vietnam's towns and cities, he returned by bicycle to until the early celebrate each monthly festival in his native village. 1980s that the While most, including the diplomats, were from government had peasant or working-class backgrounds, a few were from the time and energy the traditional elite, such as the first charge d'affa.ires, to turn attention to Nguyen Dy Nien (now deputy foreign minister), whose organizing research Interviewing the family of Vu Ba Thich, Sino-Vietnamese name, meaning "good year," came and public discus- who lost two sons in the war from the fact that he was born when his father had just sion to prepare new passed an important exam. Because of the influence of legislation concerning employment and marriage law . his devout Buddhist mother he had done considerable This colloquium led to the establishment of a Center research on that religion and was informally the Foreign for Research on Women with the SSC, directed by phi­ Ministry's expert on the subject. losopher Le Thi and with Le Thi Nham Tuyet as deputy From Australia I went to work at the Institute of director. (See Christine Pelzer White, "Women, Em­ Development Studies (IDS) at the University of Sussex ployment, and the Family: Report on a Colloquium in England. As the United Kingdom also had diplo­ Comparing the Women's Movement and Government matic relations with Vietnam, it was possible to organize Legislation for Gender Equality in Britain and Viet­ both research trips and academic exchanges with nam," in IDS Bulletin 15, no. 1 (1984): 57-61.) counterparts in Vietnam at the Social Sciences Commit­ As a Vietnam scholar, the return to my own coun­ tee ( SSC) in Hanoi. In September 1979 I was the first try, the United States, after twelve years of teaching and Western social scientist to work with the Economics research in countries with diplomatic relations and aca­ Institute ( there is no political science institute), carrying demic exchanges with Vietnam, has been difficult on out research on agrarian and cooperative policy. A few many levels. Teaching is hampered by the fact that years later I arranged for two leading scholars from the graduate students working on Vietnam have no oppor­ SSC, historian and sociologist Bui Dinh Thanh and tunity for the intense informal learning that could occur ethnographer Le Thi Nham Tuyet, to spend a month as if there were students or visiting fellows from Vietnam visiting fellows at the IDS. With their collaboration I at American universities. For example, the Southeast co-organized a colloquium, "vVomen, Employment, Asia Program at Cornell has had students from all other and the Family," in Hanoi, which brought together Southeast Asian countries, as well as from the People's researchers from the United Kingdom, Sweden, and Republic of China. The international aspect of the pro­ t Vietnam. gram is an important element in the learning environ­ In a context in which women do much of the heavy ment. This is a situation that will hopefully be rectified l manual work, both as a legacy of the traditional sexual within the next few years. At present the Social Science division of labor and because of the loss of the male Research Committee (SSRC) in New York is working, labor force during the war, women researchers and the with some informal government encouragement, at Women's Union were proposing protective legislation setting up United States-Vietnamese academic for women and favoring the training and recruitment of exchanges. women into professions "appropriate" for women, such It is a platitude to argue that an investment in inter­ as teaching and nursing. Such policies had been intro­ national education is a long-term investment in interna­ duced about a century earlier in England and have been tional understanding and a step towards peace, but much debated in the women's movement there. The when countries have been at war, the point is particu-

9 larly apt and poignant. In 1983 I happened to meet a white-haired Vietnamese gentleman at the Foreign Lan­ guages Publishing House in Hanoi who addressed me in excellent English-unusual in Hanoi. He had fond memories of the United States and of the Yale South­ east Asia Program, where he had been a student in soci­ ology in 1948---49. He had returned to Hanoi in 19 50 and had been living there ever since. What did he do during the war? He translated a number of American novels into Vietnamese, which were published as part of an official policy to show the Vietnamese people that, despite the fact that the American government was bombing them, Americans were ordinary human beings with joys and sorrows like their own. I am constantly made conscious of the profound difference between my experience of Vietnam and that of most Americans. In this I sympathize with Vietnam The conical hat making workshop in Quang Nap cooperative, veterans who did not talk about their time in Vietnam Thai Binh for years. America's political culture has strong pressures toward consensus, and anyone whose experiences and views are outside those of the majority is under strong study the record of the war captured on celluloid for pressure not to speak. During the years when I was posterity. getting to know an increasing number of Vietnamese Although there are obstacles to teaching and doing from "the other side" as friends, students, or fellow research on socialist Vietnam in Ithaca, I am becoming scholars, Americans across the country were welcoming increasingly interested in understanding the political and Indochinese "refugees from Communism" into their social effects of the Vietnam War on the United States homes, their communities, and their hearts. For this and itself. For all aspects of the conflict except "the other other reasons, most notably the lack of diplomatic rela­ side," which I was able to get to know in Vietnam and tions, in the United States "Vietnam" still means the Australia, the community around Ithaca includes hun­ Vietnam War, and not the socioeconomic dynamics of dreds of people with direct experiences of the Vietnam the contemporary socialist Vietnam on which I have War in various capacities as white, black, and Native been writing. American veterans; as antiwar activists ( veterans of one The war is being revived by its recent recreation in side of the mini-civil war that the Vietnam conflict pro­ films and TV shows. I saw Platoon through the filter of duced in this country); as journalists; and as Vietnamese my experiences. When the platoon overruns a Nortl1 refogees. I plan to draw on these community resources Vietnamese army camp, the voice over the captured field in preparing a course in comparative politics to present intercom has a North Vietnamese accent-it could have the Vietnam War from the widest possible range of been one of my former students from Hanoi. This detail American and Vietnamese perspectives. gave me an insight into the experience of the North If normalization of relations with Vietnam has not Vietnamese soldiers who lost their lives fighting against occurred by that date, I will organize an optional class young men from my country who looked like, and were field trip to speak to representatives of the Vietnamese the same age as, boys with whom I grew up. Having mission to the United Nations in New York. At present grown up in Hanoi or small villages in the Red River the Department of State is still refusing visas to Viet­ delta, they were no more used to harsh jungle condi­ namese scholars to visit this country, and representatives tions than our American soldiers, and there were no of the Vietnam mission in New York are not permitted helicopters to medevac them out when they were outside a small radius of New York City. As a result, any wounded and no planes to fly their body bags back to conference or course on Vietnam at any university cam­ their parents. pus outside of New York is denied the academic free­ Pending normalization of relations, some American dom to invite a spokesperson of the Vietnamese govern­ Vietnam veterans and scholars have made their private ment to present the Vietnamese government's view­ peace. The William Joiner Center for the Study of War point or to invite a scholar. This is ironic indeed, since I and Social Consequences at the University of Massachu­ recall that one of the main objectives of the war had setts-Boston has bought miles of microfilm of "cap­ been to prevent the spread of Soviet and Chinese Com­ tured enemy documents" from the United States gov­ munism in Vietnam. Currently there are large numbers ernment for its archives on the war. These documents of Chinese scholars at Cornell, and visiting Soviet schol­ include letters to loved ones by North Vietnamese sol­ ars are giving guest lectures in classes and discussing diers killed in battle, some ofVietnam's tens of thou­ research issues of mutual concern with Cornell scholars. sands missing in action. The Joiner Center is making It seems time to create a context to permit a full schol­ copies of appropriate letters from the microfilm to send arly examination of the Vietnam War on our campuses, to Vietnam so that they can finally reach their intended and this can only be done by normalization of diplo­ destination-a humanitarian offshoot of a project to matic relations. The war is over; it is time to try to learn its lessons before the next one.

10 Catching Up with Each Other, Indonesian-Cornellian Style

Daniel Dhakidae

It all began with a desire to get together and "catch up I with one another" among friends, both those who had once studied at Cornell and those who had spent some time there for one reason or another. The initiative came from Dewita H. Soeharjono (Rini), Retno Duewel, Lilly Dhakidae, Ida Abdullah, Aida Swenson, and lrawaty. Since everyone knew that the American ambassador Soemardi, deputy head of the so~ial-cultural division o_f also came from Cornell, His Excellency picked up the Bappenas; Professor Anton Moeliono, who, as head of suggestion and offered his own residence as the right the Institute for Language Development, decides the place for the get-together. The idea was to have an in­ way bahasa Indonesia is to develop; Hilman Adil, a formal party. "Reunion" sounded too formal and in­ senior researcher at UPI; and many more-to say noth­ timidating-especially for a Jakarta-style party. An addi­ ing of notoriously Cornellian Cornellians such as Umar tional, unspoken reason was not to try to compete with Khayam and Toenggoel Siagian. the Harvard reunion, which was bound to be more In opening the proceedings, John Duewel observed splashy. that Cornell and Indonesia should work more closely It turned out that the response of the Cornell together, since in so many ways they go together: "Both alumni was a bit overwhelming. As soon as they heard have as their colors red and white. Both have an appre­ about the get-together, Cornellians from outside Jakarta ciation of, and tolerance for, diversity. Just as Indonesia immediately asked to be invited-from Surabaya, Ban­ is proud of its unity in diversity ( Bhinneka Tunggal dung, Bogor, and Yogyakarta. All wanted invitations lka), a similar idea is reflected in Cornell's curriculum, and planned to attend. which covers the range from gamelan music to plant The only unlucky alum was Lukman Soetrisno, genetics. This evening's get-together illustrates our from Gajah Mada University. While he sat waiting at diversity and mixture." Yogya's Adisucipto airport, his flight to Jakarta was One of the old-timers needed to have a word. postponed and then canceled. The eminent scholar had Among those present a silent question arose-who re­ no choice but to curse out Garuda for making him miss ally studied first at Cornell, Professor Selo Soemardjan all his friends rather than catching up with them at the or Hassan Shadily? In the end it was Hassan who took party. His main regret, he said, was that an opportunity the floor. However, when the ambassador took his turn like this comes once in a blue moon-the Cornellians to speak, he revealed that he was the real doyen of the almost never get together. Cornellian community-he had preceded even Hassan The problem was how to set up the gathering. Shadily, since his father had joined the Cornell faculty as Should we do it American style, i.e., potluck? That is a professor of mathematics when he was only eight or rather a hassle in Jakarta these days. Instead we decided nine years old and in the third grade. to pass the hat to all those intending to come, and an When Professor Selo Soemardjan was asked to give impressive number of alums proved willing to empty a speech, he refused, saying: "There's no need for hier­ their pockets. The upshot was a terrific party. Someone archy, since it was never found among the students at even volunteered a live band. A combo that had dis­ Cornell. I think we should keep this occasion consistent banded in 1974 reappeared on the stage together for with that spirit." the first time in thirteen years. They decided to call But when all the glasses had been cleared away (and themselves the Reunion Band, and they enlivened the the beer cans dumped in the trash cans) and all the party until 2:00 a.m. Cornellians had fallen fast asleep near dawn, or were The program turned out to be a surprise. All told, trying to get themselves together to face their everyday including wives and husbands, about one hundred jobs, the question surfaced: what is the ?est way t~ people attended, ranging from the most senior, such as make solidarity continually meaningful tor Cornell1ans Professor Selo Soemardjan and Hassan Shadily, down to in Indonesia, meaningfol both for Indonesia and Cor­ the youngest, such as Irawaty, who had just received her nell? For on the night of the party itself, everyone was M.S. in food science. Not just Indonesians, but Cornel­ too busy enjoying the gathering to have a moment to lians of other nationalities also showed up. We were think about the problem. But now we have plenty of surprised at the number of prominent Indonesians who time, and, I think, more than enough goodwill and had in their day trudged up and down between 102 and energy to think about the possibilities and to take initia­ Olin Library. These dignitaries included Soelaeman tives to realize them.

11 Program Publications

Indonesia Studies on Southeast Asia

Issues 42 and 43 of the multidisciplinary journal In May 1987 the program published the third volume Indonesia appeared during 1986-87. The October issue in this new series. focused mainly on the early history of the archipelago, with articles by Professor Wolters, on Chinese writings Thai Radical Discourse: The Real Face of Thai Feudalism on Sriwijaya; by Robert Wicks, on early Javanese mone­ Today, by Craig Reynolds. 192 pp.+ 6 plates. $16.50. tary history; and by Max Nihom, on the division of ♦ This is the first English-language analysis of the life Airlangga's kingdom in the fourteenth century. Indone­ and work of the well-known modern Thai intellectual sia 43 was more concerned with literature and dance Jit Poumisak and includes a complete translation of his and included an article by Hendrik Maier, of the State controversial study of Thai feudalism . University of Leiden, on Chairil Anwar's influence on modern Indonesian literature; a translation of Gerson Poyk's "Love Letters of Alexander Rajaguguk"; and a Language Publications translation, with an introduction by Ann Kumar, of Van Two of the Cambodian language books, prepared by Hogendorp's Kraspoekol. Paul Wolbers and Robert Frank Huffman and published originally by Yale, were Hefner wrote separate articles on dance in East Java. reissued by the program this year. Both issues included other shorter articles, reviews, and contemporary political data. Number 42 had documents Modern Spoken Cambodian, by Franklin E. Hoffman on the United Nations' attitude toward East Timar, and with assistance from Charan Promchan and Chhom-Rak number 43 contained a translation by Ben Anderson of Thong Lambert. Reissued by SEAP 1984, 1987. the medical reports on the six Indonesian generals and 450 pp. $14. one lieutenant murdered on October 1, 1965. The editor of the journal is Audrey R. Kahin. Sub­ Cambodian System of Writing and Beginning Reader, by scriptions are available at $16 per year; single issues at Franklin E. Huffman with assistance from Chhom-Rak $8.50 (plus $2.50 overseas postage). They may be or­ Thong Lambert (Yale 1970). Reissued by SEAP 1987. dered from the Southeast Asia Program, Cornell Uni­ 365 pp. $12. versity, 120 Uris Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853-7601. Cornell Modern Indonesia Project Accessions List of the Echols Collection The project brought out one new publication in its The monthly Accessions List contains information on monograph series. This monograph, and all other publi­ books and serials in Chinese, Japanese, Western, and cations ofCMIP, are available from the Cornell Modern Southeast Asian languages. This list is currently prepared Indonesia Project, 102 West Avenue, Ithaca, New York by Yoshiko Yamamoto, together with the staff of the 14850. John M. Echols Collection on Southeast Asia and its Indonesia Free: A Political Biography of Mohammad curator, John Badgley. Those who would like to sub­ Hatta, by Mavis Rose. CMIP Publication no. 67. 1987. scribe should write to the Southeast Asia Program 252 pp.+ 20 plates. $10.50. ♦ This is an account of the office. Back issues from volume 20 (January 1980) are life and analysis of the thought oflndonesia 's first vice also available. president and cosignatory, with Sukarno, of Indonesia's Declaration oflndependence in 1945.

12 About Program People

Thursday Luncheon Speakers Barnett, Milton L. Appropriate and Cukong]. In Shakai Kagaku to Technology Options in Nepal. Reports to Tonan Ajia, edited by Tonan Ajia On almost every Thursday during the Appropriate Technology International. Kenkyu-kai. Tokyo: Keiso, 1987. academic year the Southeast Asia Pro­ Washington, D.C., 1986. l. gram sponsors a brown-bag lunch fea· Shiraishi, Takashi, and Saya Shiraishi, curing a talk on a Southeast Asian topic. __. Planning a Rural Industriali­ trans. Sozo no Kyodo-tai [Imagined Speakers may be visitors from other zation for Thailand. Reports to Communities], by Benedict Anderson. institutions or Cornell faculty and Appropriate Technology International. Tokyo: Libro, 1987. graduate students reporting on their Washington, D.C., 1986. Wolters, 0. W. "Narrating the Fall of research . During the 1986-87 academic Boon, James. "Bali: Dana Prama" and the Ly and the Rise of the Tran year these speakers included Benedict "Anthropology, Ethnology and Dynasties." Asian Studies Association of Anderson, David Wyatt, John Badgley, Religion." In Encyclopedia of Religion, Australia Review 10, no. 2 (1986) Christine White, Chee-kiong Tong, edited by M. Eliade. 24-32. John Ambler, Aiko Kurasawa, Daniel Chaloemtiarana, Thak. "Asian Dhakidae, and Anita Kendrick, Cornell Americans in College Admissions." University; Ahmet Adam, Malaysian Paper presented at the New York The Lauriston Sharp Prize National University; Hy V. Luong, Association of College Admissions Hamilton College; Carol Compton, Ith­ Myo Myint (Ph.D, history, 1987) was Counselors Conference, Plattsburg, aca College; David Roskies, Taiwan awarded the Lauriston Sharp prize for New York, June 2, 1986. University; Donald Kirk, world editor of 1986-87. The prize was created in 1974 USA Today; James Matisoff, University Coward, E. Walter, Jr. "People and to honor the founder and first director of California, Berkeley; Denys Lombard, Irrigation Development." Paper of the Cornell Sou th east Asia Program. School for Advanced Study in the Social presented at Symposium for Irrigation: It is awarded annually to the outstand­ Sciences, Paris; Claudine Salmon, Na­ Its Role in International Development, ing graduate student in the program. tional Center for Scientific Research, American Association for the Myint's thesis, "The Politics of Survival Paris; Insun Yu, Korea University; Josef Advancement of Science, Philadelphia, in Burma: Diplomacy and State," deals Silverstein, Rutgers University; Wibha 1986. with Burma in the nineteenth century. Previous winners of the prize have Kongkananda, Silpakorn University, Coward, E. Walter, Jr., and Edward Thailand; Ricardo Trimillos, University been Barbara Harrisson ( 1974-75 ), Marton. "Resource Mobilization in Anthony Diller ( 1975-76 ), William of Hawaii; Gene Christy, U.S. Depart­ Farmer-Managed Irrigation Systems: ment of State; Carl Trocki, Thomas O'Malley and Tsuyoshi Kato Needs and Lessons." Paper prepared for ( 1976-77), Richard O'Connor More College; and Sulak Sivaraksa, a Expert Consultation on Irrigation Water Thai writer. ( 1977-78), John Miksic ( 1978-79), Changes, FAO, Rome, 1986. Martin Hatch ( 1979-80), Christine Fields, Gary. "Planning Education for White ( 1980-81 ), George Sherman Faculty and Staff Publications Economic Development." International (1981-82), Robert S. Wicks (1982-83), Journal of Development Planning Roger Downey, Edmund Edwards Anderson, Benedict R. "James Literature, April-June 1986. McKinnon, and Vincent Rafael Fenton's Slideshow." New Left Review ( 1983-84 ), and Marina Roseman and Hatch, Martin, trans. "Ilmu 158: 81-90. Takashi Shiraishi (1985-86). Karawitan." In Karaivitan: Soi,rce __. "Old Corruption." London Readings in Javanese Game/an and Review of Books 9, no. 1 (February 5, Vocal Music, vol. 2. Ann Arbor: 1987): 3, 5-6. University of Michigan Center for South Social Science Research Council Fellowships Barker, Randolph. "Causes of Change and Southeast Asian Studies, 1987. in Yield Variability and Yield __. "Music and Religion in The following Ph.D. candidates in the Correlations in Rice: Summary and Southeast Asia." In Encyclopedia of Southeast Asia Program at Cornell won Assessment of Rice Papers." In Religion, vol. 10. New York: Macmillan, SSRC fellowships for 1987-88 and will Summary Proceedings of a Workshop on 1987. be conducting their field research during Cereal Yield Variability, edited by Peter the year: Kirsch, A. Thomas. Review of A Short B. R. Hazell. Washington, D.C. : Daniel Dhakidae (government) to International Food Policy Research History of Thailand, by David Wyatt. Journal ofAsian History 20 ( 1986 ): 87f. Indonesia for research on press state Institute, 1986. and capital: political economy ~f the' __. "Farm Experiments on Trial." In O'Connor, Stanley J. "Seeing Blue Indonesian news industry with Apinan Poshyananda." In Blue Farming Systems Research and Extension: Bruce M. Lockhart (history) to France Management and Methodology, edited by Lau.ghter, exhibition catalog. Bangkok: National Gallery, 1987. and Thailand for research on the C. B. Flora and M. Tomacek. Kansas monarchy in Thailand and Vietnam, State University, 1986. Shiraishi, Takashi. "Ahen-o, Sato-o, 1925-1946 Cukong" (Opium King, Sugar King,

13 Sarah Maxim (history) to Great Britain, Visiting Faculty history (Thailand) Malaysia, and Burma for research on the Khin Maung Kyi, associate professor, Anucha Chansuriya, government resemblance in external appearance: the (Thailand) imperial project in Kuala Lumpur and School of Management, National Rangoon University of Singapore, was a visiting Sunait Chutintaranond, Southeast Asian professor of Asian Studies during spring history (Thailand-Burma) Chiranan Prasertkul (history) to 1987. He taught an interdisciplinary Jose Cruz, Southeast Asian history Thailand for research on the Luang seminar on Burma. Prabang kingdom before French (Philippines) David Solnit was a visiting professor colonization ( 1828-88 ): a social, Rene Desiderio, international during the 1986-87 academic year in economic, and political analysis of Laos development (Philippines) the Department of Modern Languages and Linguistics. He supervised the Daniel Dhakidae, government teaching of Burmese, Thai, Cambodian, (Indonesia) Resident Faculty and Vietnamese and taught two Rryan Evans, Southeast Asian studies Benedict R. Anderson, professor of linguistics courses: Field Methods (Malaysia) government, director of Southeast Asia (Cambodian) and Mainland Southeast Usep Fathudin, communication arts Program Asia and China as a Linguistic Arca. (Indonesia) Randolph Barker, professor of Christine P. White was a visiting Karen Fisher-Nguyen, linguistics agricultural economics associate professor of Asian studies during the 1986- 87 academic year. She (Cambodia) James A. Boon, professor, chairman of gave the Vietnam seminar and taught a Nancy Florida, Southeast Asian history the Department of Anthropology course entitled Women and Revolution. (Indonesia) Thak Chalocmtiarana, adjunct associate Putu Wijaya, playwright and novelist, Pornpun Futrakul, art history (Thailand) protessor of Asian studies was a visiting guest artist with the pro­ Hamza! Gafar, education (Indonesia) E. Walter Coward, Jr. , professor of rural gram in spring 1987 under the sociology Fulbright program. He taught students Joseph Hannah, special (Vietnam) Gary Fields, professor, chairman of the in the Department of Theatre Arts. Janice Hostetler, anthropology Department of Labor Economics (Indonesia) Mar~in F. Hatch, associate professor of Visiting Fellows Fasli Jalal, nutrition (Indonesia) music Donald Kirk, world editor of USA Anita Kendrick, development sociology Charles Hirschman, protcssor of Today, research on the recent history of (Indonesia) sociology Indochina and the Philippines Aiko Kurasawa, Southeast Asian history George McT. K.-ihin, Aaron L. David Roskies, lecturer in the (Indonesia) Bincnkorb Professor of International Department of Modern Languages and Timoticin Kwanda, city and regional Studies, director of the Cornell Modern Literature, National Taiwan University; planning (Indonesia) Indonesia Project research on the political sociology and Judy Ledgerwood, anthropology A. Thomas Kirsch, professor of cultural context of contemporary (Cambodia) anthropolo1,1y Indonesia Jeffrey LiButti, education (Thailand) Stanley O'Connor, professor of history Insun Yu, professor of history, Korea of art University, Seoul; research on coopera­ Shannon Smith Loane, government tion between the United States and the (Vietnam) Takashi Shiraishi, assistant professor of Republic of Korea during the Vietnam history Bruce Lockhart, Southeast Asian history War (Vietnam-Thailand) James T. Siegel, professor of anthropology Kaja McGowan, art history (Indonesia) John U. Wolff, professor of modern Graduate Students in Helene Magre, management languages and linguistics Residence, Spring 1987 (Indonesia) David K. Wyatt, protessor, chairman of Filomeno Aguilar, development Sarah Maxim, Southeast Asian history the Department of History sociology (Philippines) (Malaysia-Burma) John Ambler, development sociology Kathleen Merchant, international (Indonesia-Burma) nutrition (Indonesia) Emeritus Donna Amoroso, Southeast Asian Myo Myint, Southeast Asian history Milton L. Barnett, professor of rural history (Malaysia) (Burma) sociology Cocli Barry, government (Philippines) Marthen Ndoen, Asian studies Frank H . Golay, professor of economics (Indonesia) Jill Belsky, development sociology (Phil­ Robert B. Jones, protessor of modern ippines) James Ockey, government (Thailand) languages and linguistics Avron Borctz, anthropology (Thailand) Patricia Pelley, Southeast Asian history Lauriston Sharp, professor of (Vietnam) Caver lee Cary, art history (Thailand) anthropology Nancy Peluso, development sociology Oliver W. Wolters, Goldwin Smith Su pot Chacngrcw, Southeast Asian (Indonesia) Professor of Southeast Asian History

14 John Pemberton, anthropology Adam Messer ( entomology) Daniel Dhakidae (government). No (Indonesia) Grant A. Olson (anthropology) thesis required. Leslie Porterfield, linguistics (Indonesia) Geoffrey Robinson (government) Hamza! Gafar (agriculture). No thesis required. Apinan Poshyananda, art history Budi Susanto (anthropology) (Thailand) Paschal is Maria Laksono ( anthro­ Gretchen G. Weix (anthropology) Chiranan Prasertkul, Southeast Asian pology). No thesis required. history (Thailand-Laos) Astri Wright (art history) Judy Ledgerwood (anthropology). No Seksan Prasertkul, government Edwin Zehner (anthropology) thesis required. (Thailand) Sarah Hemingway Maxim (history). No thesis required. Der-Hwa Rau, linguistics (Indonesia) Full-Year Asian Language Sarah Ross, Southeast Asian history Astri Wright (art history). No thesis Concentration (FALCON)­ required. (Indonesia) Indonesian Sjafri Sairin, anthropology (Indonesia) Clare Boulanger Joseph Saunders, anthropology David Cleveland Recent Dissertations and (Indonesia) Theses on Southeast Asia by Ella Cleveland Efren Saz, development sociology Other Students at Cornell James Hagen (Philippines) DOCTORAL DISSERTATIONS Anne Schiller, anthropology (Indonesia) Carole Hoffman Carol Anne Ferguson (agricultural Toni Shapiro, anthropology (Thailand) Benjamin Jacobson economics). "Returns to Irrigation Steven Sherman, agricultural economics David O'Donahoe Intensification in Philippine Gravity (Indonesia) David Winder Systems." Bruce Shoemaker, international Gwendolen Winder Gary Dennis Haeck (geological science). development (Thailand) "The Geologic and Tectonic History of the Central Portion of the Southern Stephen Siebert, natural resources Sierra Madre, Luzon, Philippines." (Philippines-Indonesia) Recent Doctoral Dissertations by SEAP Students Keiko Yamanaka (sociology). "Labor Kamala Soedjatmoko, development Force Participation of Asian American sociology (Indonesia) John Value Dennis (development Women: Ethnicity, Work, and the sociology). "Farmer Management of Kasian Tejapira, government (Thailand) Family." Rice Variety Diversity in Northern Kamala Tiyavanich, Southeast Asian Thailand." MASTER'S THESES history (Thailand) Lenore Joy Launer (nutrition). "The Martha Santoso Ismail ( education). Thaveeporn Vasavakul, government Social Epidemiology of Growth "Evaluation Strategy for the Family (Vietnam) Faltering during Infancy: The Case of Planning Education (FPE) Training of Marsha Walton, city and regional Madura, Indonesia" ( 1987). Youth Cadres in Indonesia." planning (Indonesia) Myo Myint (history). "The Politics of Julie Patricia Leones (agricultural Amrih Widodo, anthropology Survival in Burma: Diplomacy and economics). "The Impact of an (Indonesia) State." Agroforestry Project on Upland Jeffrey Winters, special (Indonesia) Anne Louise Schiller (anthropology). Farming in San Francisco, Cebu, "Dynamics of Death: Ritual, Identity, Philippines." Jiraporn \.Vitayasakpan, theater arts and Religious Change among the (Thailand) Yukihiro Kogakushi Mizutani (city and Kalimantan Ngaju." regional planning). "Multiple-Objective Liren Zheng, Southeast Asian history Chee-kiong Tong (anthropology). Policy Analysis for Allocation of Water (Indonesia) "Dangerous Blood, Refined Souls: Resources and Public Funds: Trade-off Death Rituals among the Chinese in between Growth and Equity-A Case Singapore." Study of Malaysia." Graduate Students Engaged in Field Research Bernadette lrawaty Setiady ( food science). "Acidification of Soybeans Evan Antworth (linguistics) Recent Master's Degrees for during Soaking in the Manufacture of Benjamin Bagadion ( development SEAP Students Tempeh-An Indonesian Fermented Food." sociology) Donna Jeanne Amoroso (history). No David Baldwin (anthropology) thesis required. Suzanne Brenner (anthropology) Jane Louise Brant ( development sociology). "Village Organization for Bryan Bruns ( development sociology) Small-Scale Fisheries Development: A Arturo Corpuz (city and regional Thailand Example." planning) Stephanie Fried (agronomy) P. M. Laksono (anthropology)

15 Cornell University is an equal opportunity, affirmative action educator and employer.

Office of Publications Services 10881.4M FLP Southeast Asia Program Bulletin Cornell University 120 Uris Hall SEAP Archive: Do Not Remove Ithaca, New York 14853-7601

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