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Science Series Technical Report no.140

The coastal of and , Part V: a review of their status 2005–6

S.A. Walmsley and M.G. Pawson

Science Series Technical Report no.140

The coastal fisheries of England and Wales, Part V: a review of their status 2005–6

S.A. Walmsley and M.G. Pawson This report should be cited as: Walmsley S.A. and Pawson, M.G., 2007. The coastal fisheries of England and Wales, Part V: a review of their status 2005–6. Sci. Ser. Tech Rep., Cefas Lowestoft, 140: 83pp.

This report represents the views and findings of the authors and not necessarily those of the funders.

© Crown copyright, 2007

This publication (excluding the logos) may be re-used free of charge in any format or medium for research for non-commercial purposes, private study or for internal circulation within an organisation. This is subject to it being re-used accurately and not used in a misleading context. The material must be acknowledged as Crown copyright and the title of the publication specified.

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HMSO’s Licensing Division St Clements House 2–16 Colegate Norwich NR3 1BQ Fax: 01603 723000 E-mail: [email protected] Contents

1. Introduction 5 9. Devon, Somerset and Avon: Axmouth to Plymouth along the south coast and to the along 2. in England and the north coast Wales 6 (Devon SFC) 45

2.1 Legislature and institutes 6 2.2 Restrictions on the use of gear 6 10. : 2.2.1 Marine 6 Rame Head To 2.2.2 Migratory fish 7 (Cornwall SFC and Isles of Scilly SFC) 52 2.2.3 Shellfish 8 2.3 Scale of UK fisheries 8 11. South Wales: Chepstow to Moylgrove (South Wales SFC) 59

Fisheries description by Sea Fisheries Committee districts 12. North Wales, and Lancashire: Cardigan to Barrow 3. Northumberland: (North Western and North Wales SFC) 65 Berwick to (Northumberland SFC) 9 13. : to 4. Durham, Cleveland and : (Cumbria SFC) 74 to Cleethorpes (North Eastern SFC) 14 14. Conclusions 78

5. Lincolnshire, Norfolk and Suffolk: Donna Nook to Shotley 15. References 79 (Eastern SFC) 21

Appendix 1. Defra, SFC and EA districts of 6. Essex and Kent: England and Wales 80 to Dungeness (Kent and Essex SFC) 28 Appendix 2. The common and scientific names of fish and shellfish species 7. Sussex: mentioned in this report 81 Rye to Selsey (Sussex SFC) 35 Appendix 3. The major crustacean fisheries of England and Wales 82 8. Hampshire, Isle of Wight and Dorset:

Emsworth to Lyme Regis Appendix 4. The major molluscan fisheries of (Southern SFC) 40 England and Wales 83

5 1 introduction Marine district inspectors and officers of resource, whilst others, exemplified by the coastal net fisheries for , are being deliberately phased out to protect resources. In contrast, the production from inshore fisheries for sea bass and shellfish has been maintained, and the in England and Wales a still large contains number of small vessels capable wide range of of fishing operating gears in a seasonal and opportunistic fisheries close to their home ports. Acknowledgements This review was updated through contact of with each of officials the twelve SFC Districts: Northumbria, Eastern, Eastern, Kent & North Essex, Sussex, Southern, Devon, Cornwall, Isle of Scilly, South Wales, North Wales, and North Cumbria. Pete Walker, Andy Lawler Western and & Steve Lovewell of the shellfish team at Cefas and Fisheries Agency supplied additional valuable information. The authors wish their for individuals these all thank to opportunity this take to input, but we reserve responsibility for any inaccuracies. et et al. Introduction Whilst previous reviews noted the steady increase in the in increase steady the noted reviews previous Whilst This review updates the description of the inshore fisheries fisheries inshore the of description the updates review This around England and Wales provided in Pawson relative importance of English and Welsh inshore fisheries in the last quarter of with the Gray (1995) 20th reveals Century, a a general in downturn comparison many of in these activity fisheries. Some, such as the fishery eel in trawl the Thames Estuary have lapsed due to a lack (2002), (2002), which in turn succeeded Gray (1995), Pawson and original The (1983). Benford and Pawson and (1989) Rogers that with started structure Pawson and (1983) has Benford been retained. A general overview of each fishery sector (for demersal and pelagic fish, species) shellfish, within and each migratory of twelve Sea (SFC) Districts Fishery is Committee provided, with a résumé Though place. landing or of port each from undertaken activity the fishing the descriptions of fishing gear given in Gray (1995) have not been a replicated, brief discussion of the management framework is given, as is the commercial shellfish distribution species around of England and the Wales, major updating those featured since Pawson and Benford (1983). 1. 2 fisheries management in england and wales 6 y h Sa ihre (idie osrain At 1992, Act Conservation) (Wildlife required Fisheries Sea those the as by such meet to responsibilities expanded now environmental have powers SFC end, this To that fisheries managers pay due regard to the environment. requirement the was 1992 in CFP the to addition notable One fisheries. for responsible Minister the by ratified be must which district, their to specific byelaws drafts SFC fishing of each management purpose, this For stocks. the those exploit that activities and stocks fish coastal conservation of the through industry fishing (inshore) have local the of which interests the 1), safeguarding of function (Appendix primary the Wales and England around Districts SFC local 12 are There officers. SFC to devolved also Wales, is measures and management England fisheries of around enforcement baselines from miles 6 foreshore to the From Agency. Protection Scottish Fisheries and Office Squadron Protection Fisheries Navy Royal of the of responsibility officers and (BSFOs) Officers the Fisheries Sea British is Zone Economic Exclusive UK’s the throughout vessels fishing British-registered on CFP the of regulations the of Enforcement etc. discrimination non- quotas, TACs, lines), on regulations within base Community from to subject fisheries miles nautical manage, (12 Sea to Territorial their authority and to, access preferential have states coastal CFP, the Within States. better and process, Member across CFP the governing rules the of application management the in all stakeholders of inclusion the measures, management to approach long-term a for aims 2003, January 1 on effect into came which review, This 2371/2002). (EC Ministers of Council and fish juvenile shellfish. protecting at technical aimed by mainly controlled measures is species fisheries non-quota the catch of that Performance reduction). capacity fleet the achieve to balancing decommissioning and vessels new (essentially, of funding structuring through limited been has power fishing usable of amount the Additionally, States. Member to left is fleet fishing national the within quotas these of distribution The area. sea and species performance by historic on based (TAC), catches allowable total of - quota national the - proportion fixed a as allocated member states have access to marine fishing opportunities all from fishermen that ensures policy this fisheries finfish many For 3760/92). (EC 1992 in Ministers of Council the by ratified and reviewed was This 1983. in States Member the within managed Common are Fisheries Policy (CFP), fisheries which was agreed marine between European All 2.1 2.

In 2002, the CFP was further revised and ratified by the by ratified and revised further was CFP the 2002, In

Legislature and institutes Legislatureand in England and Walesand England in Fisheries management Fisheries effort used and the area fished. area the and used effort swimming velvet netting or potting the with together crabs, crabs shore and crabs spider crabs, edible crawfish, lobsters, of landings daily their of details submit to month every required are entitlement shellfish a have that m <10 of vessels all scheme, the Under 2006. January in effect length. m >10 vessels as records detailed as submit to had now, until not, have which length, m <10 vessels of landings the recording in important particularly be will legislation new This landed. legitimately were buying are they fish the whether determining in buyers secondary aid to order to aims in also It landings. of control UK and monitoring improve the in landed fish of sale to first is the legislation record this of purpose Regulations The 1605). Site No. 2005 and (SI Auctions Sellers Fish and of Buyers Designation of and Registration The is years recent lines. base from miles 6 of for fisheries of management distance a to eel) and trout sea (salmon, species migratory and conservation the to relate waters coastal in though responsibilities SFC, fisheries main a its of responsibilities the exercises EA) the (hereafter, Agency Environment the Dee, Severn Welsh the the Torridge, and and Taw the Cornwall, in those all eg estuaries, river some In conservation. nature marine in expertise with someone include will SFC a of composition the Henceforth, 79/409/EEC). birds: wild of 92/43/ conservation flora: and the for Directive - fauna (SPA areas protection wild special and EEC) of conservation and the habitats for natural Directive of - (SAC conservation for areas special of management the to attached those and target individual or combinations of species is given in in given is 2.1. Table species of combinations or to individual used target methods fishing of summary A pots gear. nets, lines) and enmeshing fixed (eg ‘static’ or dredges) and nets trawl (eg ‘towed’ as categorised be can gear Fishing 2.2.1 repetition. unnecessary avoid to here with dealt briefly are these and throughout, apply that measures international and national of number a obtained from each SFC district or EA region), but there are be can which of list comprehensive (a these of most cover around main the coast of England and Wales. SFC or EA the byelaws of made restrictions is applying to particular types of fishing gear used mention review this Throughout 2.2 h Rsrcie hlfs Lcnig cee ae into came Scheme Licensing Shellfish Restrictive The in introduced been has that legislation national Other

Restrictions on the use of fishing gear fishing of use the on Restrictions

Marine fish Marine 7 2 fisheries management in england and wales ). Migratory Migratory fish

Fishing gear Demersal otter trawl, pair trawl, seine net, gill net, trammel net, longline and handline. Beam trawl, demersal otter trawl, seine net, , trammel net and longline (turbot, monkfish and rays). Gill net, pelagic trawl and handline (mackerel). Gill net, pelagic and demersal trawl, beach seine, (bass) and handline (bass). Gill net and beach seine (salmonids), trap, hand-held nets, and fyke nets (eels). Pot, tangle net, beam trawl (shrimp) and demersal otter trawl (Nephrops Dredge (bivalves), trawl (cuttlefish and squid), pot (whelks), hand-gathering (bivalves and gastropods), pots, and traps (cuttlefish). (fixed nets). The bass package also includes the designation the includes also package bass The nets). (fixed of 37 ‘bass nursery areas’ in estuaries and harbours, and around power station outfalls in England which and fishing for Wales, bass in is prohibited for all or year. During part 2006, of the the results of a consultation exercise, on increasing the minimum landing 36 size to 45 for cm total bass length in from all English waters, Defra prompted to propose implementation of a 40 cm 1 MLS April 2007, from and to increase the minimum mesh size for enmeshing nets deployed by vessels whose catches are composed of >10 % bass to 100 mm stretched mesh. 2.2.2 In England and Wales, the by limited public been has sea the in right and estuaries in to trout sea and fish for salmon and (annual fishing of period methods, fishing on regulations weekly fishing times) and fishing It intensity. is an offence a fishing without salmonids to for for fish anyone migratory by issued the EA, licence (NLO) and Order a Net Limitation river a (eg area each in issued licences of numbers the limits estuary). Since February 1973, there has been an absolute prohibition on fishing for salmon in waters off England and Wales beyond the six-mile limit. Despite these controls, the numbers of salmon returning to rivers in England and Wales have fallen steadily, measures and has a been introduced number to try of to halt NLOs additional this in decline. many regions have been reduced, and there is operating fisheries stock to out mixed phase policy anational a national the EA 1999, introduced In April water. in coastal byelaw that delays the start of the salmon-netting season to 1 June in order to protect early running multi-sea-winter salmon. A small number of fisheries that principally target sea trout have been from exempted this but measure, any to back alive released be must June 1 before caught salmon the water. Measure to limit the catch incidental of salmon and sea trout in nets set for marine species are described in 2.2.1 above. and shrimp. Species , whiting, haddock, saithe, pollack and dogfish. sole, plaice, flounder, turbot, monkfish and rays. Mackerel, and sprat. Bass and mullet. Salmon, sea trout and eel. Lobsters, crabs, crawfish, Nephrops Cockles, mussels, scallops, oysters, clams, whelks, periwinkles, cuttlefish and squid. Roundfish Sub-category Flatfish Small pelagic Large pelagic Diadromous fish Crustacea Molluscs European Commission Regulation (850/98) sets the In England and Wales, regulation of fixed and drift and conservation long-term the for strategy national The Category White fish Table 2.1. A Table summary of the main types of fishing gear used inshore England around to and catch specific Wales species or combination of species. minimum landing size (MLS) and (MMS) permitted for each species in all northern European minimum mesh size waters and came into effect regulation stipulates on permitted mesh size 1 ranges for both January 2000. This towed and fixed nets with target species may be which taken. Its major feature particular is that, for groups of each mesh size used, fishermen are only allowed to retain a limited (5–70%, depending on species) mesh level size of and of target (non-target) for species, conservation reasons which require a larger mesh size. The intention is to encourage larger mesh sizes to be used for the larger-bodied species. netting for sea fish is principally undertaken by SFCs (and the EA where it Salmon has the and 1975 Act Fisheries Freshwater and Salmon sea fisheries powers). Under the Act 1986, the use of fixed nets or 6-mile zone is only lawful if fish authorised by byelaw made by traps within the use the on restrictions include may byelaws Such SFC. the of the gear to minimise bycatches of migratory salmonids. Consequently, SFCs have introduced byelaws authorising the use of otherwise banned sea fishing and at times when gear the risk of catching salmon or sea trout in places is small. The SFCs also have powers to limit other the use gears of to protect migratory salmonids and any interference with their migrations. These SFC byelaws prevent must all be approved by the Minister EA for and Fisheries. SFC confirmed byelaws by are the more restrictive and supercede National or EC regulations with the same restrictive intention, within 6-mile limit. management of the bass fishery, implemented by MAFF (now Defra) since 1990, includes a prohibition on the use of gill nets and similar enmeshing nets with a mesh size of between 65–89 mm. This was supplemented banned by range of the 70–89 mm in the EC Regulation 850/98 Pelagic fish Shellfish 2 fisheries management in england and wales 8 until 2 successive samples have proved negative. proved have samples successive 2 until closed remain must DSP for positive be to assessed areas harvesting regulations, EU Under illness. gastrointestinal a (DSP), Poisoning Shellfish Diuretic cause to thought are of the health and vigilance safety aspect of its production. Algal blooms increased by accompanied been has public, sophisticated more a by a of from appreciation resulting greater shellfish, locally-caught of supplies for ee acltd o ec SC itit y umn the summing by District SFC each for calculated were group species each of value and landings The squids). & crawfish), (& Nephrops lobsters crabs, other crabs, edible clams), bivalves (clams, mussels, oysters, queen scallops and razor other cockles, scallops, gastropods, other whelks, defined: were shellfish and of groups rays, Eleven species. & finfish other sharks all bass, anchovy), & herring pilchard, other sprat, mackerel, brill, mackerel, (horse & pelagics turbot small flatfish, sole, gadoids, other cod, defined: the highlight to created were groups finfish Nine fisheries. different of importance were species of each groups For port, (FAD). Database Activity UK Fishing for Defra’s from 2006 extracted during ports were (E&W) UK into species landing vessels (E&W) by weight value landed landed on data and context, into fisheries shellfish and finfish UK of importance and scale the put to order In 2.3 for place in also are quotas and regulations gear MLS, limitation. size vessel impose and pots in gaps escape of fitting capture, of point to close shellfish undersize of redeposit require shellfish, of parts and crabs for data of landing restrict lobsters, berried of effort landing ban lobsters, and catch of submission the to the sea. There are a number of SFC byelaws that require crabs edible soft or (berried) egg-bearing and crawfish and National legislation requires the return of V-notched lobsters which are supplemented by SFC byelaws in some districts. crawfish, edible crab, spider crab and velvet swimming crab, lobster, for MLSs stipulates EU the addition, In TACs. and seasons closed through restricted further be may Fishing Regulating or Several holders. licence to access limit often which orders, through fishery managed are fisheries mollusc cultivated and wild Some grounds. conservation or the EA, all of whom have the power to mollusc close a fishery on most scallops, of fisheries are found close inshore and are managed by SFCs exception notable the With 2.2.3 Increasing demand from the restaurant and hotel trade hotel and restaurant the from demand Increasing

Scale of UK fisheries UK Scaleof

Shellfish srms pan, n cpaoos (octopus cephalopods and prawns, & shrimps , Nephrops . Total Cephalopods Shrimps & prawns & Shrimps Nephrops Lobsters Other crabs Other crab Edible bivalves Other Cockles Scallops Gastropods Whelks Shellfish rays & Sharks Other finfish Other Bass pelagics Small flatfish Other Turbot & brill & Turbot Sole Other gadoids Other vesselsinto UK(E&W) ports during 2006. Source: FAD database. Table2.2. Cod Finfish qq Appendix 3 and 4, respectively. 4, and 3 Appendix are found around the England and Wales coast are given in fisheries molluscan and crustacean major the where areas general the showing Maps 2. Appendix in given is report this in mentioned shellfish and fish the of names scientific and common the of list A respectively. value, landed and million. Finfish contribute 40% and 45% to the total landing £138 of value landed a with t 000 95 approximately were 2006 in landings reported Total below. 2.2 is Table landings in given (E&W) UK all of summary A 3-13). (Sections review this of sections relevant the of each of end the at presented are These District. each in ports the all for data

Weight and first sale value of landings made by UK (E&W) (E&W) UK by made landings of salevaluefirst Weight and Landed weight Landed

(t) 95,138 10,280 11,002 10,950 12,855 4,032 2,636 1,549 2,538 9,156 5,482 2,233 2,967 4,712 1,822 7,280 4,194 498 483 466

2

Landed value Landed (£1,000s) 137,623 18,397 12,406 10,745 10,965 14,450 6,794 1,257 9,957 2,828 1,821 4,925 3,030 9,189 6,350 2,938 3,530 5,246 7,343 5,450 2

9 3 northumberland Farne Deeps Coquet Is. Druridge Bay

anks Alnmouth Bay

Longstone Is. The B Blyth North Shields Hauxley Newbiggin Amble Craster Boulmer Newton Holy Is.

Beadnell Seahouses nsbeck trammel nets are used for cod in winter, pots are mainly set mainly are pots winter, in cod for used are nets trammel during the warmer months for lobsters and brown crabs, and salmon and sea trout are taken in summer in drift nets and Northumbria T-nets. Many fishermen operating from fishing such as Newton, Newbiggin Craster, still Boulmer use ‘’, and traditional high-bowed, flat- bottomed, clinker-built beach boats characteristic of quota Landing this length. in m 10 around usually are that coast restrictions have disrupted traditional fishing patterns, and drift salmon for licences of out buy partial a been has there netting (53 of the 69 licences fished in 2002) to help phase out this fishery, which takes a mix of salmon stocks from English and Scottish rivers.

Goswick Sands

Wa R. Dunstanburgh Castle ,

R.Tyne R.Coquet ) Nephrops have assumed Berwick upon Tweed Nephrops and white fish, often in the Nephrops Northumberland SFC Northumberland: Northumberland: Berwick to North Shields (

white fish, salmon, crustaceans and and, pelagic fish. locally, The molluscs trawler fleet offshore, fish targeting out to 25 miles ‘Farn Deeps’. Since the 1970s, 3.1 Synopsis of fisheries inshore current Fishing vessels operating traditionally fish inshore, exploiting resources found within from ports in daily steaming distance of most ports, this such as district greater importance as demand and has white steadily fish landings increased have allocations. Static gear fishermen use a variety of seasonal fallen in line with fishing methods throughout the quota year: for example, gill and 3. Fisheries Fisheries description by Sea Fisheries Committee districts 10 3 northumberland the re-opening of the herring fishery in 1983, fishing effort fishing 1983, in fishery herring the of re-opening the Following Islands. Farne the off grounds spawning known well on herring targeted seiners and trawlers past, the In 3.2.2 nets. new in investing not are fishermen result, a As years, principally due to a scarcity of cod during the winter. m. 500 2 and 000 1 of between set most though m netting, 000 5 over set may m 10 under Boats mm. 300 to up of size mesh a have can monkfish and turbot for used plaice catch to nets whereas mm, 100–120 of size mesh a used have generally Nets turbot. and plaice principally and Wansbeck Tyne, Coquet. Tangle Rivers and trammel nets are used to catch flatfish, the of mouths the around prohibited is netting and m, 7 exceeds water of depth the where areas in T-nets) salmon licensed than (other nets of sea use the and authorised only salmon have SFC of Northumberland trout, capture illegal the prevent to In ‘fleet’. order a form to together joined are nets 6 to up depth and in m 1.5–2 and length in m 75–100 measures net Each crustacea. and saithe pollack, whiting, take also nets which move inshore from autumn through to spring. These cod, for nets trammel extent, lesser a to and, nets gill set year. the of months warmer the during quantities the of part greater in landed are important Plaice fishery. trawl an demersal mixed form and price market high a command turbot) Flatfish, recently, until ceased. (and, sole now lemon as has such fishery This fish. small of up a high proportion of the catch in this gear tends to be made though popular, increasingly became roundfish for operating within 3 miles of the coast. In the or late-1980s, pair length in nets m 11.6 ring over trawlers and seines, nets encircling similar purse of use the prohibit byelaws SFC Northumberland winter. in particularly inshore, closer caught also are they though year, the of most and for whiting cod has haddock, of offshore, catches miles good provided 10–20 traditionally some trench deep-water a (“prawn”) fishery and in a directed fishery. The the Farn Deeps, in bycatch a as both caught are fish White haddock, whiting, cod, (eg fish Demersal 3.2.1 3.2 Gill netting activity has decreased notably in the last 5 last the in notably decreased has activity netting Gill principally cobles, are which of many m, <10 Boats methods and fishing restrictionsinshorefishing and methods Information on species targeted,fishing species on Information

Pelagic fish (eg herring and mackerel)and herring (eg fish Pelagic turbot and dab) and turbot lemonsole,plaice, ling, pollack, saithe, Nephrops

stations for T-netting. for stations fixed rigidly or and rotas formal no are Beadnell there areas, Island Holy Bay, Druridge the In system. rota a under operate fishermen and the berths fixed to at set are close Tyne River and fisheries) stell private (within Hauxley and in Boulmer between used permitted T-nets areas. are these of some T-nets although Tyne, and Wansbeck have ‘playgrounds’) Coquet, Rivers the of mouths the around established been as (known areas Closed March. on 26 starts trout sea for fishery T/J-net The August. 31 on ends and June 1 on starts fishery Coast East North the of whole the in nets drift for season fishing The banned. are nets drift and law, Scottish to subject is 1857–1969) Acts Fisheries Tweed the by defined (as Island Holy as south far as England into extends which and Tweed River the of mouth the at Box' 'Tweed the in trout sea and salmon for Fishing only. -net T for 20 and only net ‘stell’ for 7 Tyne), Holy Island down to Souter Point (3 miles south of the River trout with drift or T-net in the Northumberland region (from licences were issued in 2006 for fishing for salmon and sea Coquet. the of miles 5 Rivers within found being the majority the of with Tyne, and mouths Coquet the around primarily worked are They shore. the to close coast the along moving trout sea and salmon trap and intercept T-nets Northumbrian catch. salmon the of part large a up make sea) the in winter one only spent have that (salmon grilse when or June 1 before targeted are trout sea when chosen is size a mesh smaller example, For year. of time and area the on mm, depending 135 and Northumbria 120 between than varies mesh salmon the and of T-nets, proportion greater a take length in m 550 to up nets Drift spawn. to north migrate they as exploited also are and Sea feed North southern to the in southwards migrate to thought are rivers same English the these from originating trout Sea rivers. home their to coast along north swimming before inshore, then and south move to north, the from Sea North the enter to believed are England of coast north-east the and of coast east the on rivers in spawn to migrating Salmon 3.2.3 for pot bait. pot for exploited sometimes are they and inshore close nets drift recover to in caught occasionally now are Herring low. is demand and failed have stocks local as minimal been has Following the buy-out of 53 drift net licences in 2003, 7 2003, in licences net drift 53 of buy-out the Following

Diadromous fish (eg salmon, sea troutand sea salmon, (eg Diadromousfish eel) 11 3 northumberland , with haddock and whiting being Nephrops Holy Island Holy Seahouses Berwick

Description of fisheries coastal by port

Together with increased licence fees, poor landings A total of 15 vessels work pots, taking brown crabs One boat works both gill and trammel nets taking 3.3.2 Five full-time boats set pots for lobster and brown The crab. brown crab fishery offshore takes and is place most both productive in inshore spring. inshore Effort and moves in the spring and autumn when peak. lobster Fishermen have reported an increase catches in the number of octopus being caught substantial in quantity is landed. pots, which are sold if a of salmon and sea trout in recent years compensation, and an some offer of fishermen have relinquished licences, their and only two licensees drift nets. now Mussels operate and periwinkles salmon are gathered north of the Island, around Coves Haven, and to the south, to the opposite the Harbour and in Budle Bay. These areas are on the margins of the National where shellfish gathering is authorised by English Nature, who work in close liaison with the Holy Island Fishermen Society. One person cultivates Pacific oysters on intertidal flats south of the island. 3.3.3 This small port targeting supports one full-time used trawlers of number a past, the In bycatch. a as landed otter trawler, 8–12 Newhaven-type dredges for scallops within 2 miles of the coast, but only one vessel now occasionally turns to dredging. and lobsters. The lobster season tends to peak between the end of July and September, while crab landings are 3.3 3.3.1 The lobster and crab fisheries support 5 all full-time <10 m, boats, setting up to 400 pots per boat out to 5 miles offshore. The lobster fishery peaks towards the end of the summer, whereas brown crabs normally provide a steady income from spring through to autumn. During the winter, crabs, brown yield and inshore closer set generally are pots velvet crabs and lobsters, which command a high price at that time. The increase in velvet crab landings years in has boosted local incomes recent lobsters, saithe and cod. Two boats work licensed T-nets for salmon off Conservation GoswickTrust has bought out the majority of estuary beach. The net fishing on Atlanticthe Tweed. Salmon

. is a Nephrops Nephrops Nephrops , lobster, brown , brown lobster, nets, it is compulsory to Nephrops Nephrops are abundant in deep-water areas where the crab, velvet crab, shrimp, crab, mussel, scallop, velvet oyster and periwinkle) Shellfish (eg

The pot fishery is particularly important to the smaller coastal communities whose fleet used to be entirely comprised of cobles. The Northumberland SFC introduced a byelaw in August 2001 that prohibits all potting within the 6-mile zone without a written permit from the Committee (although a permit is not required for boats than using 5 fewer pots). The main brown crab season begins in late spring and lasts through to set both close autumn. inshore and Lobster around the Farne pots Islands and are other offshore areas, and the peak season occurs during the summer when part-time fishermen also Lobsters are participate. targeted until the end of damage the of risk the year, to due fishing although curtail may weather rough to pots. Since the mid-1980s, velvet crabs have attracted caught are They up. opened have markets as interest more in pots set in the shelter of the coast, often as a bycatch to lobsters, and provide an important resource during the winter when they have a higher survival rate when stored prior to being taken in vivier lorries to Europe, where they are sold live. A small scallop fishery a few miles off Holy Island provides an alternative to white fish trawling and, in some years, attracts visiting Scottish and vessels. Pacific west oysters and mussels are cultivated coast around Holy Island, and mussels and periwinkles are gathered by hand throughout the district. In order to reduce caught in the 70 mm mesh bycatch of juvenile into panelling mesh square mm 80 of section a incorporate white fish the top of the net just in front of the cod-end. cryptic species and seeks refuge in burrows in response to diurnal changes in light levels. when Catch there is rates increased decrease sea movement (eg strong tides and stormy weather) and this may animals’ behaviour. Trawlers operating from also North Shields be due to the sometimes land Pandalus shrimp along with have cast their shells. is During concentrated the 8–20 winter, miles the Deeps, offshore, whereas fishery around a the viable fishery Farn place may only occasionally 3 take miles offshore in summer. Nephrops seabed is muddy and provide the majority main income of for inshore the trawlers Amble, working Blyth and North from Shields. Trawlers Seahouses, from Scotland, Northern and the west coast may also exploit this stock in winter. Traditionally a winter/spring fishery, it now is also prosecuted in the summer after the 3.2.4 12 3 northumberland white fish to the North Shields . market. fish Shields North the to fish white the attendant quota restrictions, and the cost of transporting and grounds local on fish white of scarcity Amble, in plant more become a of has construction the to due profitable fishery This round. year all exploits it on dependent more now is fleet trawling The summer. the in fish white on concentrating winter, in between alternated trawlers majority of the late-1980s, the until Up daily. land and 20 miles to out fish trawlers smaller the whereas sea, at days 2–3 spending offshore fishing boats larger the fish, white take m 10–16 of trawlers otter Seventeen 3.3.7 refit. annual usually prompt fishermen to haul their cobles ashore for an for round year entire crabs and lobsters. Low returns and the poor weather in winter virtually set are Pots fishery). ‘stell’ (Boulmer Bay Alnmouth in berths fixed in set they which salmon, for T-nets use to licences hold cobles 3 All 3.3.6 trout. sea and salmon takes and T-net a for licence vessel a one has also vessels these of One poor, parties. out takes are catches crustacean When shore. the to close taken colder are crabs the velvet and during Lobsters months. used are pots of number small a only although year, the throughout crab velvet and crab brown lobster, for potting port, this from operate vessels Three 3.3.5 offshore. further net drift a or inshore T-net salmon a works and licence salmon lobsters. take whom of some divers, recreational of lot a during the summer. Both these small landing at places attract based cobles part-time only fish to tend these but potting, in involved are Newton few The in crab spring. brown and and winter autumn for and potting summer late Beadnell, in at lobster based are boats full-time Four 3.3.4 years. recent in There has been an increase in angling activity from this port industry. potting the for conflict of cause a been often has This Islands. Farne the around waters and wrecks many the explore to wishing divers by used boats inflatable rigid increased. steadily usually best during the spring. Landings of velvet crab have n o te ultm Banl fsemn osse a possesses fishermen Beadnell full-time the of One For many years Seahouses has been a launching site for

Amble Craster Beadnell/Newton Boulmer Nephrops Nephrops Nephrops n wie fish white and Nephrops processing , which which , and and the Coquet with consent from riparian owners. riparian from consent with Coquet the in used are nets eel Licensed Bay. Druridge in place takes fishery and a committee elects the netsmen. T-netting also T-netting stations form part of the Five Amble and mouth. Hauxley ‘stell’ river the of mile a half within prohibited also is T-netting and playground’ ‘Coquet the in permitted not is netting Drift berths. various at trout sea and salmon for poor. very been recently have catches but spring, to autumn from cod for set are nets Gill grounds. same the fish that trawlers with also deploy set being 3–9 miles pots north-east of . Some of the with vessels fishery crab brown the on placed is emphasis more winter, In closed. has season salmon the after lobsters for particularly summer, the during pots 600 os ital te nie er on fr rw cas and crabs brown for round year entire the virtually pots tides. strong or weather when particularly bycatch, Nephrops important an providing sole lemon and plaice whiting, haddock, cod, with year, the of target vessels although miles, 20 to These offshore. further venture vessels larger the of some out fishing generally fish, white ieen te talr o 1–8 take m 10–18 of trawlers otter Nineteen 3.3.11 licence. T-net a has also vessels these vessel. per carried are length m 400–500 of net of bins 1–2 Only spring, and static gillnets for cod, whiting and flatfish between autumn use vessels Some catch. the of quality good the by offset been has this but poor, been have catches Recent winter. the during prawns for pot also vessels Two autumn. and port, potting for lobster and crab in the spring, late summer this from operate vessel part-time one and full-time Three 3.3.10 summer. the during beach the from launched are gillnets for cod over the winter. Several small angling boats and summer late in lobster for pots works boat small One 3.3.9 summer. the during Hadstone from launched are vessels One vessel works a few pots from Huxley and a few angling 3.3.8 lvn esl hl slo lcne ad e T-nets set and licences salmon hold vessels Eleven to 200 set Most gillnets. and pots work boats 25 to Up Eight boats set pots and nets, some of the boats work boats the of some nets, and pots set boats Eight w bas ae amn rf nt iecs n oe of one and licences net drift salmon have boats Two

Cresswell Huxleyand Hadstone Blyth Newbiggin catch levels are low, for example during stormy during example for low, are levels catch Nephrops Nephrops pots at this time. Conflicts can occur in the Farn Deeps area for most for area Deeps Farn the in Nephrops and 13 3 northumberland 2 1 3 + 23 82 57 71 263 182 268 356 121 1,210 1,588 7,255 11,482 Landed value (£1,000s)

5 0 4 0 5

15 12 93 91 32 179 186 382 110 1,953 1,823 4,889 (t) Landed weight There is one boat that has both salmon drift and T-net

licences, and two vessels have drift net licences. Permits berths, the to access allow to fishermen these to issued are the at begins netting drift Salmon rota. agreed an to fishing start of the season (June) whereas T-nets are usually used of proportion greater a catch and season the in later slightly sea trout. is not permitted around the mouth of the River Tyne, known as the ‘Tyne playground’. There is no longer any fyke netting for eels in the Tyne. 3.4 Summary of landings in 2006 Finfish Cod Other gadoids Sole Turbot & brill Other flatfish Shellfish Whelks Gastropods Scallops Cockles Other bivalves Edible crab Bass Other finfish Small pelagics Sharks & rays Other crabs Lobsters Nephrops Total Shrimps & prawns Cephalopods

. pots Pandulus Nephrops Nephrops for most of the year, landing year, the of most for Nephrops North Shields Cullercoats Seaton Seaton Sluice

Between five and seven boats work pots for lobster, Gillnets are worked during autumn and winter if the One boat holds a salmon licence and uses both T and There are three vessels with salmon drift net licences, 3.3.14 North Shields is the only port on the Northumbrian coast that holds a daily fish trawlers, market. 10 of It which are is >10 m. home The fish to trawlers within regularly 19 12 otter miles of the though coast, some of these particularly boats fish out in to 30 miles offshore winter, in calm weather. Scottish boats, particularly those the Firth of from Forth, frequently land their catches here. The targets fleet inshore velvet and brown crab. Brown crabs are most important at the beginning of the season, followed by lobsters in late summer. Landings of velvet crab have increased in recent years. There are also two boats working weather permits, between 2 and 8 bins of nets of 500 m per boat, taking whiting, coalfish and flatfish. shrimp as a bycatch. White fish are sometimes targeted, but pair-trawling for roundfish, which increased in the early 1990s, has now ceased, possibly because the fish tend to smaller the of Some sell. to difficult prove can and small be trawlers set nets, often over wrecks and on the trawling grounds. way to from here, with one setting his pots south of the Tyne. drift nets. 3.3.13 One full-time and year one round, with part-time brown crabs and lobsters vessel providing the mainstay use and pots velvet all crab end of being the year. The targeted lobster fishery attracts towards the greatest the interest from August to October. Nets are set for cod from around October to March. cod, haddock, whiting, plaice and, occasionally, 3.3.12 One full-time and a few part-time vessels use pots and gill nets when the weather permits. lobsters, using between 120 and 600 for pots pots 600 and 150 between each. set also will boats Some one of which also has a vessels T-net have T-net licences. licence, and three other Other boats switch to cod netting in autumn and use tangle use and autumn in netting cod to switch boats Other nets for flatfish from spring onwards, but gill net activity has declined in recent years due to inconsistent catches. 14 4 durham, cleveland and yorkshire f rwes epcal toe 1 m hv as st nets. set also have m) <12 those (especially trawlers of number increasing an mid-1980s, the since and, fish white north, otter trawlers concentrate more on the In offshore. and inshore as designated easily more be can fleets Yorkshire and Cleveland the whereas inshore, 4.1 Synopsis of currentinshorefisheries of Synopsis 4.1 ( 4. ihn atvt aog h Dra cat ed t be to tends coast Durham the along activity Fishing

Cleethorpes Yorkshire: Durham, Clevelandand Durham, South Shields to Shields South North Eastern SFC Eastern North Whitburn Shields South Seaham R.Tees Hartlepool ot Gare South Breakwater Sunderland

Redcar

Marske Saltburn

Skinningrove Nephrops R.Ouse Po rt Mulgrave Runswick ht Stones White Bay ) Sandsend than on

R.Trent RobinH

Bay Scarborough ood's

Humberstone R.Esk has declined since the early 1990s. early the since declined has effort, netting general, In inshore. close work to have may trawlers when weather bad during occur sometimes set gear of disturbance and losses and byelaw), SFC Eastern (North zone 6-mile the within fish to permitted are m 18.3 to up Trawlers trout. sea and salmon flatfish, cod, for nets setting also vessels many with onwards, March from fleet Crab and lobster potting is very important to the static gear Hull Immingham ie Bay Filey Cleethorpes

Humberston R. Tunstall Tetney Creek Stone lmoog Head pr Head 15 4 durham, cleveland and yorkshire The

The Committee The eel) mackerel) Diadromous fish Diadromous (eg salmon, sea and trout Pelagic Pelagic fish (eg herring, sprat and

Since 1999, the NESFC has gathered and collated During 2002 a small intertidal gillnet fishery was Eels are commercially fished in the Rivers Humber, are more active. Plaice, turbot, brill and throughout the district, rays whereas sole are principally caught are landed mm 100–120 of size mesh a with nets Tangle south. the in for sole and plaice are most commonly used, though nets of 120–150 mm for plaice and brill and 250–300 mm turbot, for brill and rays are also used. These nets also take a bycatch of crabs and lobsters. comprehensive statistics on the level throughout its jurisdiction, which of show a general decline netting effort from 11.4 million metre days in 1999 to 6.8 million metre days in 2004. The primary fishing cause pattern of is such the a general change decline stocks. in in North Sea cod application has been period. objection agreed an to in subject is principal certification and final MSC is also constructing a new byelaw, which will assist in the management of the fishery by restricting the use of fixed nets and by issuing permits to fish between Flamborough Head and Withernsea from October to March. This byelaw will be advertised for consultation The quantity of in sea bass caught 2007. by demersal trawling has increased steadily since 2003. Inshore trawlers rarely target herring or sprat, chiefly due to due chiefly sprat, or herring target rarely trawlers Inshore low market demand. Drift nets, with a mesh of 50–65 mm are used periodically to catch pelagic species, sometimes to bait pots and lines. Mackerel are caught on rod and line for personal consumption and for pot bait. established to take sea bass coastline. along In the East 2005 Yorkshire the Stewardship NESFC Council for applied this to recognition fishery the of to its Marine low be impact, sustainable certified practices. in 4.2.3 Thirty licences were issued in 2006 for fishing for salmon and sea trout between Souter Point Lincolnshire and border, the two Yorkshire/ for drift nets and J-nets. A 28 weekly closure time from 1800h Friday for to 0600h T and Monday applies to drift netting, and from 2000h Friday to 0600h Monday for T and J-netting. A nightly between close 2000h time and 0400h also applies to There are drift closed ‘playgrounds’ netting. around the mouths of the Rivers Wear and Esk and the Humber Estuary Tees and Wear, using fyke nets, eel criggs and pots, set 4.2.2

Nephrops saithe, lemon sole, saithe, plaice, sole, lemon dab, turbot, sole, brill, ray and dogfish) Demersal Demersal fish (eg cod, whiting, haddock,

methods and fishing inshore restrictions Information Information on species fishing targeted,

Gill nets with a mesh of 120–150 mm and trammel nets trammel and mm 120–150 of mesh a with nets Gill A substantial part-time fleet operates trawls, nets and White fish provide the mainstay for the trawler fleet are used for cod and each boat may set up to 10 fleets of or boat m 5–8 average The each. m 100–600 of nets 6 to up of m 3000 and 1500 between has probably at any one time. Together with cod, these nets frequently take whiting, sea bass and flatfish. The same species are caught on longlines (baited with or lugworm), mussel, which are squid, more whelk effective than nets strong tides and during provide fish in prime condition that often fetch high prices. From spring onwards, flatfish appear in greater numbers inshore, and trawling often takes place species most when summer the during dawn to dusk from The trawl and netting fleet haddock, lemon takes sole, plaice and cod, rays. Whiting are whiting, caught saithe, virtually all year round, haddock are deeper normally waters, caught appearing in closer inshore flatfish in and spring, rays are and caught in the greatest spring and summer. The development of rock-hopper quantities gear in has given trawlers access to rough ground, safe leaving havens for fish and shellfish. Species few associated with rough ground, eg lemon sole, have become important, and crustacea often feature in bycatches. Cod, haddock whiting and are commonly taken as a bycatch in the fishery off the Durham and Cleveland coast. Trawling prohibited is in three areas off the between North Yorkshire Staithes coast: and Sandsend; in Hornsea, to Filey avoid conflict Bay; with static and gear fishermen and off to protect juvenile fish and shellfish stocks. Pair trawlers no longer operate from Grimsby. 4.2 4.2.1 pots throughout the district, with peak activity occurring at weekends between March and October. Charter hire by angling parties remains popular in many areas. in the south of the district, although vessels a dredge for scallops and queen small scallops, and beam number of trawls are used for shrimp to in pots and the nets, longlines Humber. are In occasionally used addition off Yorkshire the coast, mainly for cod from fishing-family ports concerns, with this strong method being more intensive than netting. labour A large crab and lobster fishery is exploited from Whitby, Scarborough, Bridlington, Grimsby and minor sites throughout the district. 16 4 durham, cleveland and yorkshire eeeain vr h ps dcd. lhuh ny few a only Although decade. past the regeneration over following catches their good yielded again once haswhich round. year all virtually pots in taken are they where Bridlington, (Byelaw eg district, only the of south the permit in exploited are Whelks written XXII). by been has District, SFC Eastern North the within whelks lobsters, and for crabs velvet potting crabs, 1998, June Since areas. sheltered in round year all crabs velvet and lobsters for fishing left are pots although damaged, being them avoid to winter in ashore pots of majority the bring usually boats smaller The factor. restrictive most the being weather the year, the of much for targeted are crabs Brown active. are lobsters the and suitable are conditions fishing when July September, and between landed is lobsters of quantity highest The each. pots 2000 to up set m 12–17 of boats Bridlington), and Whitby (eg places some In potting. to trawling switched from operators as years the over increased steadily in particularly has Effort fallen. have region, fish white of this main landings where areas in the vessels provides many offshore for mile income 40 to up grounds to sea. the into back shrimp discarded then and device the sieving onboard an using from catch separated are trawls shrimp in caught and in greater quantities than pink shrimps. Juvenile flatfish between of waters shallower in caught are shrimps Brown mm. 20–25 mesh the a with along nets and using Estuary coast, Lincolnshire Humber the in shrimp pink and landings increased. for demand as and fallen late-1980s have fish the white of since increased has effort Fishing coast. Cleveland and Durham the off trawl vessels smaller the whereas Deeps, Farn the fish trawlers larger the district target of north the in based trawlers otter inshore of majority The 4.2.4 East North EA nets. fyke for licences 35 issued Region the 2005, In factors. environmental and anthropogenic of combination a to due Europe throughout decline of this the fishery, but there is a general for scarcity of eels blamed been pollution all have Over-fishing, developments harbour autumn. and to through spring from There is a queen scallop fishery off the Yorkshirecoast,thescallopfisheryqueen off a isThere shore near from crabs brown and lobsters for Potting brown for fishery beam-trawl small-scale a is There

Shellfish (eg Shellfish whelk) scallop,cockle,and musselqueen shrimp, brownvelvetshrimp, crab, pink crab, Nephrops Nephrops between September and April; , lobster,brown, Nephrops has amn ewe Arl n Ags, ihn t a agreed Shields. North from fishermen an 3 includes which rota, to fishing August, and April between salmon and trout sea for T-nets and nets drift licensed operate Two fishermen fishery. net the in bycatch a as taken also 30 are Lobsters fishery. lobster summer to the during each pots up work who part-timers 4 or 3 plus lobsters, crabs and brown for pots use boats gear static full-time 1999. The since effort netting in increase an show to places few the of one is This turbot. and plaice and for nets trammel tangle use then and spring, to autumn from cod for nets trammel and gill set cobles) 2 (including m <10 boats part- several time vessels are active during the warmer months. Several and pots, and nets set boats full-time Two 4.3.1 4.3 beenan increase in local interest towards hascockle therestocks. and hand by gathered are mussels and Cockles dredging is prohibited and dredges within ten three of nautical maximum miles a working of the to restrictedcoast. are developedVesselsfisheryJune.hasbetweenOctoberand scallop king limited a 2000 Since fishery. trawl demersal the in bycatch a as taken also scallops are queenmonths, colder specifically the boats species during local this target dabs, sole, lemon sole, turbot and rays. and turbot sole, lemon sole, dabs, plaice, whiting, cod, comprise usually landings and lowest, when spring during targeted a of development often are fish White 1980s. late the during fishery summer the following increased has species this on effort and April, and September between primarily exploits fleet trawler The quay. the on facility retailing and processing purpose-built a to directly landed have fishermen 1998, Since part-time. majority the gear, fish, and a further 12 or so small boats and cobles work fixed for trawls otter use may boats Seven 4.3.3 mackerel. and whiting cod, of quantities substantial the during for account and year, the principallyof end the to April from weekends boats, beach 15 to up launch may sole and plaice are taken from spring onwards. Sport anglers months, cod and whiting predominate in net landings, whilst colder the During summer. part- the during operate Several boats time winter. in especially activity, fishing restrict severely can tides and weather the although round, year all Two beach boats of 4–5 m set nets and up to 100 pots each 4.3.2

Description of coastal fisheries by port by coastalfisheries of Description

South Shields South Sunderland (North and South) and (North Sunderland Whitburn Nephrops Nephrops ac rts are rates catch and white and Nephrops

17 4 durham, cleveland and yorkshire

4.3.10 Up to four beach boats are active setting throughout nets the for year, a mixed occasional catch lobster, of and white two crews fish boats Three nets. gill and short-lines with winter the during continue plus to the operate have salmon licences and use drift nets for both salmon and sea trout in season. 4.3.8 Marske One full-time boat works from this beach landing, setting crab and lobster pots, and is joined by two part-time boats in summer. There is very little activity during the winter. 4.3.9 Saltburn Up to three small boats operate from the beach landing, setting gill and trammel season, and taking nets lobsters and crabs in for pots and also in cod nets during the and warmer months. There are flatfish no longer any in lobster-holding tanks in the town. Angling is popular from the pier. 4.3.6 South and Gare use coast of section this on boats part-time mainly 10 to Up gill and trammel nets for codling, plaice, sole and turbot in season, although poor cod catches have recently resulted in reduced activity with these boats gears. continue to fish, In taking mainly codling. winter, From spring only 3 onwards, 5 full-time crews regularly a dozen work or pots, so part-time whilst boats set crabs. In addition pots to the fleet, there are for lobsters and around 20 or so angling boats moored in this area, a small proportion of which also set nets and pots. One holder licence occasionally for eels using fyke nets in the tidal section of the River Tees. 4.3.7 Around 5 full-time cobles and boats <8 m may work fixed nets throughout the year for and cod, turbot, and whiting, use pots plaice, for sole brown crabs and They lobsters. are joined by 6 number part-timers of vessels during using gill summer. nets The due continues mainly to to the decline, lack of cod. One or cobles two occasionally of the use larger otter trawls, particularly during the summer for flatfish. Up pots close to to 15 the shore vessels over the set rocky summer, lobsterscars during and the there are to 7 400 full-time pots crews each. working Up mainly cod, up to saithe and 10 mackerel, and small a few also angling set occasional net the or pot. boatsOne boat uses a licensed T-net for take sea trout and salmon. As a result of the buy-out of drift net licences, there is vessels. 27 involves and March in begins fishery pot The Fishing activity is greatest during the warmer months, Pots are set for brown crabs from spring and lobsters 4.3.5 Hartlepool majority The fleet. fishing inshore large a supports Hartlepool of the 13 otter trawlers have become increasingly versatile fish, white for gear static use also now and 1980s the since way the on ling and pollack cod, for wrecks over nets setting out to trawling grounds. One key recent has development been the use of large tangle nets for turbot. Between 20 and 30 small boats and cobles are involved in netting, with over half doing so part-time, setting gill and trammel nets for codling and tangle and trammel nets for flatfish. Some 9 000 totalling nets 15 of excess in work boats larger the of are many areas saturated m and, as a length consequence, with netting out to 3 miles. Netting effort has in increased this port over the last 6 years. no longer anyone fishing for salmon and sea trout out of Hartlepool. The lobster fishery first peaks in April/May, followed by a quiet period and then a resurgence in August until the end of the year. Around a dozen boats set winter, pots hauling 2 or 3 times per through week. the 4.3.4 Seaham Three small boats and cobles, some fishing part-time, use gill and trammel nets from autumn to spring for cod. For the rest of the year, a variety of fisheries are undertaken, including gill and trammel netting for flatfish and potting for brown crabs and lobsters. Turbot, plaice and sole are caught along the sandy stretches of coastline from spring onwards, with the occasional amount landing of nets and pots set by of local fishermen increased lobsters. The decline the following 1990s the into and 1980s the through of local mining industries. declined. As a result of the However, buy-out of drift net licences in effort has 2003, there is no longer anyone fishing for salmon and sea since trout out of Seaham. when nets are set for plaice and turbot and take a bycatch of dabs, rays, lobster and sea bass. Gill and trammel nets are set virtually all year round for cod and whiting. Several boats work up to 4500 m of netting, but there has a been general decline in netting effort in this area since 1999. Three boats are licensed to use drift nets for salmon and sea trout, which are not permitted around the mouth River Wear. of Only one eel licensee regularly fishes on the Wear, with fyke nets. during summer and autumn. 18 4 durham, cleveland and yorkshire Catches of sea bass have also increased in recent years. recent in increased also have bass sea of Catches Sea. North southern the in abundant more become have that mullet red in Whitby sideline useful some a years, found have two fishermen last the In declined. soon but years ago, when boats from other districts visited the area, 15 around rapidly expanded fishery This spring. to autumn from queen offshore miles take 3–10 trawls, boats and dredges local in scallops few A nets. static and dredges use also trawlers Some grounds. nursery safeguard and conflicts such reduce to Sandsend byelaws SFC and Staithes between and zone 3-mile the set, in trawling gear prohibit static of levels high the by shore the to close too fishing from discouraged been have the proportions of which vary according to season. Trawlers plus dogfish, and rays sole, sole, lemon plaice, whiting, haddock, cod, of consisting trawls, multi- and pair otter, from landings main the provide fish White Sea. stands at 8 vessels of 12–23 m that fish widely in the North currently and years recent in declined has fleet trawler The a fish market supplied supports by otter trawlers and static Whitby gear boats. district, this in ports main the of One 4.3.15 tractor by launched beach. the from are boats Sandsend and Runswick Both mackerel. and cod including species of variety a for handlines use boats pleasure Six autumn. to spring lobsters from and crabs brown for pots set boats of couple A 4.3.14 summer. the during nets trammel and gill few a set boats non-commercial more or Ten shellfish. and flatfish cod, for year the throughout nets and pots set boats Two 4.3.13 lobsters.brownsummerduringcrabsandpotsforthefew a work to boatbeach-launched a use boats part-time Two 4.3.12 the of back the boats two at located by are tanks storage joined Lobster pots. is fewer working and lobsters, and for crabs pots brown 400 to up sets boat one onwards, March From lobster. occasional the and codling plaice, sole, for mainly summer, and spring in used are nets tangle and autumn trammel whilst cod, In for inshore winter. close set are in nets gill only winter, and nets coble one whilst the throughout year, nets use boats full-time four the of Two 4.3.11

Whitby Sandsend Bay Runswick MulgravePort Staithes Nephrops trawls, scallop trawls, Nephrops , not permitted around the mouth of the Esk. the of mouth the around permitted not is fishing Net T-nets. with trout sea and salmon for fish to licensed are netsmen 5 and area, Yorkshire the in issued lobsters. with bycatch a as taken sometimes and waters shallow in caught are crabs Velvet each. 000 pots 1 to up setting boats larger by offshore and inshore both exploited are crabs Brown boats. 25 attracts it when squid. or mussel with baited hooks, so or 250 with each lines 4–6 use boats Most nets. to alternative an as often and cod for 1999. since declined has effort Netting eel. conger and ling pollack, cod, yield wrecks around set Nets landed. are rays and brill turbot, plaice, sole, as such flatfish onwards, pollack and the occasional flatfish as a bycatch. From spring whiting, saithe, taking and winter the during cod targeting eea vstn Sots vses rde oal fr queen for locally dredge vessels Scottish visiting Several re-appear. cod before autumn, in expected is fishery plaice good a and summer the during dawn to dusk from operate frequently Trawlers significantly. increased have trawlers by bass sea of catches 2003, Since inshore. taken are rays In rays. and and brill turbot, plaice, sole, plaice of proportion greater a spring, sole, lemon as such flatfish extent, lesser a to and, whiting haddock, cod, lands fleet trawler are often difficult to sell. During which the colder months, the inshore whiting, and haddock especially fish, small of proportion high a contain catches because possibly 1990s, early the since popular less become has which method a teams, pair as work may vessels four to Up coast. the of miles 50 within fishing trips hour 12–36 work and m 10–18 of are remainder The trips. week-long length make regularly in and are m 24 boats to up Several being vessels, offshore as year. classed the throughout fish white on trawling fleet has declined in recent years and concentrates by 9 otter trawlers and up to 20 small static gear boats. The Scarborough is a well-facilitated port with a market supplied 4.3.17 nets. of favour in out petered the has fishery 1980s, longline the late and halved the has Since fleet cod. for mainly nets, gill and the winter, 2 or 3 boats operate a small number of trammel for during each and, months warmer pots the during 100 lobsters and to crabs up set m 4–6 of boats beach Five 4.3.16 hty ihre tk u te w dit e licences net drift two the up take fishermen Whitby summer, the during popular very is fishery lobster The principally longlines, traditional use still vessels 7 to Up fish, white for regularly nets set boats three to Up

Robin Hood’sRobin Bay Scarborough 19 4 durham, cleveland and yorkshire Hornsea and Withernsea Tunstall Spurn Point, Kilnsea and Stone Creek

There are no longer any dedicated trawlers based at this at based trawlers dedicated any longer no are There Twelve licensed fishermen use mainly T and J-nets to Two licensed netsmen fish for sea trout with T-nets. uses longlines. From spring onwards, set along the flatfish Holderness coast for sole, nets sea bass, plaice, are turbot and rays, plus a bycatch of crustacea. port. One vessel periodically works trawls combined with scallop dredges between October and June. catch sea trout and a few salmon. Up to 15 beach boats summer, regularly the during more many by joined are and coastline fish from this exposed working up to 400 pots each for brown crabs and lobsters and also netting for flatfish. Some use cod of nets in these winter and boats spring, also when fishing is restricted by often the weather. 4.3.23 One beach-launched boat fishes full-time throughout the year, setting nets for cod and flatfish weather and permitting. tides Pots are set out to a few brown crabs and lobsters. miles Several part-time boats set pots offshore for and the occasional net in the boats are active during the weekends. summer. Several angling 4.3.24 Following the declaration of 200-mile territorial the mid-1970s, limits the large in distant-water Arctic fleet at Hull dwindled to the 9 or 10 offshore vessels trawlers work mainly today. in These mixed fisheries in the Norwegian sector and have also tried Atlantic deep-water for species, but redfish with little off success. The Iceland large and processing sector imports. with together UK, the of parts other basedfrom supplied here depends directly go that fish frozen are vessels UK on by landings Most fish to cold store, and an increasing amount of fish goes direct to processors, by-passing the auction market. Hull has one <10 m vessel, which fishes full-time mainly inshore along the Holderness coast, using nets to take cod during winter, the pots for brown crabs, or otter to take and brown shrimp, beam sole, dabs, trawls plaice and flounders in spring. 4.3.21 Up to 8 beach boats of 5–7 m are active throughout year, setting the nets within a few miles of the shore for sole use boats Several lobsters. and crabs brown for potting and nets for cod and whiting during winter, although stormy weather and strong tides significantly reduce effort. 4.3.22 Bridlington Flamborough (North Flamborough and South Landing) Filey

In autumn and winter, up to 5 cobles and small boats Up to 16 vessels set pots out to 6 miles all year round, Thirty eight vessels target shellfish all year round up to 75 miles from port, each setting up to 2000 pots for brown crabs and lobsters, whereas the smaller fleet, vessels including in cobles, the mini-keel-boats and fast-workers, set up to 800 pots each from spring onwards. During the colder months, 12–14 boats set cod nets and one boat 4.3.20 4.3.19 Three cobles fish full-time from the north of Flamborough Nets Landing. South from fish boats beach three and Head are used for cod, taking bycatches of ling, whiting rays, and pollack, sea bass from autumn until spring, and pots and spring In autumn. and summer the during favoured are summer, a couple of beach boats from South Landing set gill nets for cod and other roundfish, and nets are also set for flatfish, particular sole. Two cobles from North Landing also take out angling parties and sightseeing trips. 4.3.18 Five full-time cobles, launched from variety of the fishing beach, gears use including pots, a nets, gill longlines and and trammel T and J-nets. within Trawling Filey Bay to is protect juvenile prohibited fish and avoid conflict with static gear fishermen. Nets are used to catch mainly cod from autumn to spring in and around the Bay. April, most From boats turn their attention to the pot fishery and some cobles each set up to 650 pots for lobsters. Some boats continue to net for demersal fish and good catches licensees Three June. to April from expected be can sole of regularly set T and J-nets to take mainly sea trout. fish gill and trammel nets for codling Bay. Filey as such areas in coast and the to close often season, Dover sole in here less much is activity fishing part-time of influence The than further north. though many are brought ashore in winter to avoid storm a and increased, recently has crabs at aimed Effort damage. few of the larger boats set pots further offshore for brown crab all year working as far south as the Wash. The lobster fishery attracts a lot of interest during the summer. One possesses a T-net licence and catches sea predominantly trout from April onwards. scallops between autumn and spring in some years. Queen years. some in spring and autumn between scallops trawls. fish demersal in bycatch a as taken also are scallops Since 2000, a small inshore scallop fishery has developed between October and June, which has also small number of nomadic vessels. attracted a 20 4 durham, cleveland and yorkshire coe i te pe rahs f h Rvr ubr and Trent. Humber and Hull Ouse, the as such tributaries, River its of some the of reaches upper the in October g rm eo ad onal ocsoal poeue an prosecute occasionally Cornwall, and Devon from eg boats, Visiting whelks. and lobsters crabs, for set are and pots flatfish for used are nets onwards, spring from and, months colder the during Estuary the within cod for lines and nets sets fleet gear such static The cod. fisheries for netting gill alternative as up take particular. or in coast Lincolnshire flatfish juvenile the down move shrimpers the of low, are rates catch When catch to by devices the sieving onboard reduce and nets their ‘veil’ in a use separator vessels shrimp and cod, and area plaice sole, nursery for important an as recognised is estuary Wash. The the from vessels larger by joined sometimes are and shrimps brown exploit trawlers smaller the autumn, from and, summer the during Estuary. sole target trawlers Humber Inshore the in active only are which of several fishing, others. for than quota up freeing thus profitable more was this when duties guard oilrig on worked have vessels medium- based Grimsby Several sized countries. EU other in non-British land and mainly crews have but quotas, UK the against fish and owned British as registered are they where Grimsby, from administered are boats ‘‘flagship’ up Dutch >10m fleet, 19 to local the to addition In gear. static use or trawl to adapted been having some m, 17–24 of seiners anchor ex-Danish are vessels the of 50% over and offshore works gill- principally still 4 fleet This potter. 1 seiners, and longliners 2 4 netters, trawlers, otter and beam 8 of consists now and declined greatly has fleet local The Norway. and other become UK ports and imported from countries such has as Iceland from overland industry transported fish on processing dependant increasingly port’s the boats. inshore Hull, 200 30 Like around around plus supported vessels port fishing offshore this mid-1970s, the Until Grimsby 4.3.26 Bridge. Humber the as upstream far as sole and eels whiting, cod, catch who anglers, with popular is area The flatfish. other and sole on focus trawlers the onwards, spring From cod. winter, whilst and several other boats use gill nets and lines for autumn in shrimps for trawls beam light use m <10 Humber vessels few River a though early-1980s, the the since declined of has side south the on activity Fishing 4.3.25 lcne el ihr tks lc bten pi and April between place takes fishery eel licensed A Approximately 10 boats are confined to fishing inshore, fishing to confined are boats 10 Approximately

South Ferriby to Immingham Ferribyto South 4.4 years. recent in has effort directed no been there although coast, this off taken occasionally are Oysters levels. stock low to due 2005 during again closed was it although recommenced since has 1994 in ceased of catch that fishery mixed cockle hand-rake The flatfish. and whiting a cod, for beaches the on set are nets stake winter and flatfish and rays from spring onwards. In winter, from work vessels hobby and autumn in cod mainly catch to nets using Cleethorpes, and part-time twelve to Ten TetneyCleethorpes,Humberstonand 4.3.27 low. are fishing crab activities elsewhere), and target on whelks when crab catches (depending fishery crab brown offshore Total Cephalopods prawns & Shrimps Nephrops Lobsters crabs Other crab Edible bivalves Other Cockles Scallops Gastropods Whelks Shellfish rays & Sharks finfish Other Bass pelagics Small flatfish Other brill & Turbot Sole gadoids Other Cod Finfish dd

Summary of landings in 2006 in landings of Summary 10,786 34 23 458 607 491 2,464 0 20 310 52 278 7 0 446 24 19 2,225 3,327 Landed weight Landed (t)

18,196 103 40 1,359 6,679 747 2,484 = 183 164 67 290 44 + 703 131 110 1,483 3,609 (£1,000s) value Landed 21 5 lincolnshire, norfolk and suffolk Ness Benacre Orford Ness Sea Palling Corton Hollesley Bay Hopton Lowestoft Caister Pakefield California Gorleston Covehithe Hemsby Southwold Sizewell

Winterton

Kessingland

Dunwich

Bacton Happisburgh Aldeburgh Walberswick Felixstowe

Butley Great Yarmouth Thorpeness Mundesley

R.Blyth

Trimingham R.Alde

Overstrand

Cromer R.Deben

&WRunton W E& Sheringham

Ipswich Shotley Harwich

Weybourne

Salthouse Cley

Blakeney

Morston R.Orwell

Wells

R.Stour mussels mussels and oysters that along the are north Norfolk grown-on coast. in Brown shrimp, and cockles harbours mussels provide the mainstay for vessels at Boston and King’s Lynn that fish throughout the is Wash, which characterised by its shallow and sand waters,banks. Chalk intertidalreefs off areas the north and Norfolk coast offshore banks support crab and and lobster many fisheries, fishermen process their catches themselves. Sprat are trawled in the Wash, herring are taken in drift nets in April and May, and sea trout, bass, mullet, sprat and mackerel are taken in summer and autumn south of Sheringham. Bait diggers and shellfish gatherers operate in the extensive intertidal zones between Donna and Sheringham. Nook vr Staithe Overy Burnham

Race Bank

Brancaster

Titchwell

Thornham Hunstanton

Wootton Kings Lynn Ouse R.Great Gibraltar Point The Wash Huttoft

Skegness R.Nene ) Saltfleet Wisbech Mablethorpe

Donna Nook R.Witham R.Welland Boston Fosdyke Eastern SFC Lincolnshire, Norfolk Lincolnshire, Donna Nook to Shotley ( and Suffolk: Synopsis of fisheries inshore current

The principal inshore fisheries off the south Lincolnshiresouth the fisheriesprincipaloffinshore The and north Norfolk coasts cultivated are stocks of for molluscs are shellfish. important throughout Wild the and district; mussels and cockles in the Wash, and This exposed, low-lying and fine sediment type coast has that estuaries river in ports most of development the to led boats Beach anchorages. safe permanent, only the provide (known locally as longshore boats) operate throughout the district, although their activity can be severely restricted by the wind and tides and a high proportion of vessels fish part-time in seasonal fisheries. Most fishing is undertaken on day-trips. 5.1

5. 22 5 lincolnshire, norfolk and suffolk uig ae umr srt ad akrl r cuh in caught herring. are for mackerel used and sprats are summer, mm late 50–65 During of mesh a with nets drift autumn, late in mainly abundance, local of times At 5.2.2 vessel. the of ownership of change until so do to continue may byelaw this of advertisement before miles 3 inside fished regularly that m 15.2 that more of trawlers any Elsewhere, district). the of extremity southern the to Covehithe of (south coast Suffolk the of miles 3 within trawling from prohibited m are 15.2 over Vessels grounds. potting traditional protect to Mundesley and Blakeney between coast Norfolk north the of miles 3 within trawling prohibit 2001, December in amended were which byelaws, SFC Eastern nets. the into fish the disturb and sediments the into dig to trawls the of front the to attached chains tickler using months, warmer the during flatfish target trawlers otter and Beam year. the throughout fish demersal of catch mixed a land trawlers Inshore trawls. or nets in caught fish than price higher a fetch therefore and condition better in landed are lines on and early summer when they appear nearshore. Fish caught ling, pollack and turbot. Spurdog are exploited during spring dogfish, rays, cod, for used are Longlines activity. netting last few years have seen a general reduction in the level of the However, south. the in important rays. particularly are and Sole turbot plaice, sole, as such flatfish, for set are nets trammel and tangle spring, in and, months colder the during whiting and cod for set are nets trammel and Gill 5.2.1 5.2 bass. and rays whiting, cod, of the shore or in boat parties can catch substantial quantities from fishing Anglers retailers. fish to locally or beach the on sold usually are catches and - spring in rays and winter in sprats and cod autumn, in whiting and herring summer, shrimp, in trout sea and bass sole, - fisheries seasonal exploit boats longshore These shore. the of trawl, two or mile a to used within nets drift are use and offshore m) miles 12 to 6 up longline around (of boats beach small Lowestoft, at many Consequently, Ipswich. than and Felixstowe other Southwold, anchorages way or the berths in safe little of very offering both coasts, Suffolk and Finfish are more important along the north Lincolnshire north the along important more are Finfish

Information on species targeted,species on Information restrictionsinshore fishing deployedand methods fishing

Pelagic fish (eg bass, mullet, herring, sprat mullet,herring, bass, (eg fish Pelagic sole,plaice, whiting, cod, (eg fish Demersal and mackerel)and dogfish) ray, dab, flounder, brill, licensed by the EA in 2005/6. in EA the by licensed were nets fyke 517 and Orwell, and Stour Rivers the and rivers Broads The the in sale. important particularly live was fishery for eel unfit being landings the of 50% to up in result can which ), anguillarum (Vibrio virus spot red of incidence increasing an by accompanied been have 1970s the since catches Falling estuaries. and rivers numerous nets in set nets unlicensed fyke in taken are in Eels mullet). and bass for taken set also are trout (sea mullet and bass trout, sea take that of nets quarter 'other' for A are licences meshes. the mm 80–90 have and 200–500 length in be m to tend nets drift licensed and September, 30 to April 1 from extends season The phase-out. fishery an through 2006, in them and net to Norfolk issued were licences the 36 and off coasts, Suffolk abundant seasonally are trout Sea 5.2.3 s rdig s oe fiin, seily n ra where areas recedes) in tide especially efficient, the more is when dredging hand as by gathered being cockles the then pile, a into is cockles the propeller concentrate to vessel’s used a traditional (where the ‘blowing-out’ superseded of method has This hydraulic dredging. by primarily suction year, the of end the until through cultivated. and farmed are granted mussels and oysters also where coast Norfolk north are the along of which cultivation orders, the several for under seabed molluscs of areas leases SFC The stocks. safeguard to order in (1992)’ Order Fishery ‘Wash the through quotas landing and beds design, shellfish gear of closure fishing licensing, subject by management are strict they to though expanded, have shellfisheries these 1980s, the the during markets shellfish of improvement Following are shrimps. Wash brown and the mussels in cockles, north for fisheries the principal off The and Wash coast. the Norfolk in mainly throughout but district, occur the fisheries mollusc cultivated and Wild 5.2.4 switch to fishing for bass if catches are poor. are catches if bass for fishing to switch angling, or may crab and lobster for pot usually that nets fishermen though using by individuals is bass part-time towards unlicensed, directed activity Most mullet. with grey together Norfolk, north in and coast Suffolk the off caught in fixed and drift nets during the summer, especially are Bass abundant. locally are fish these when years some in place takes fishery sprat winter a and quantities, small oke ae avse fo te ah rm spring from Wash the from harvested are Cockles

Diadromous fish (eg sea trout and eel) troutand sea (eg Diadromousfish Shellfish (eg cockle, shrimp, mussel, brownmussel,cockle, shrimp, (eg Shellfish crab, velvet crab, lobster, whelk and oyster)velvetcrab,and lobster,whelk crab, introduced in 1996 as part of the of part as 1996 in introduced NLO 23 5 lincolnshire, norfolk and suffolk Huttoft Huttoft to Gibraltar Point Boston Donna Nook, and Saltfleet Mablethorpe

Description of fisheries coastal by port

5.3.2 6 use vessels beam shrimp Grimsby trawls, Approximately and longlines and fixed nets to catch cod in autumn and winter, taking bycatches of whiting, dogfish, pollack and ling. Visiting otter trawlers and beam trawlers (some from SW England) fish within a few miles of this coast during the spring sole fishery. One 10 m stern trawler is based at Gibraltar Point and two <10 Skegness, one deploying m longlines and pots and the vessels other are based at targeting shrimps. One <10 m vessels is based at Chapel Point, fishing part time using a variety of longlines. Most boats set pots pots, for brown crabs from spring nets and onwards. 5.3.3 Twenty-one local boats use hydraulic suction dredges to harvest cockles in the Wash from spring until autumn, and from mussels harvest to dredges ‘Baird’ use boats 22 to up November through winter, when the cockle fishery finished. However, as has the mussel stocks have declined in cockles exploit to profitable more become has it Wash, the until the end of the year. The poor quality at of the cockle start meat of is the season after main effort spawning, occurs June and August. and Several local vessels the dredge for cockles elsewhere, for example in the Thames and Solway, often at the end of the summer, when nearly all of them switch to shrimping. Some of the also gather fishermen cockles by hand on the sands between Donna Nook and Cleethorpes. beach boats still use traditional wooden creels, although parlour pots made out of metal or popular. plastic have Some become of the smaller highly dependent on fishing this resource communities and prepare the are crabs for sale themselves. Lobster potting off the north Norfolk coast peaks during the summer when part-timers join the fishery. A thriving whelk fishery once Brancaster and existed Wells with between boats fishing out to 30 offshore. However, miles catch rates have fallen since the mid- 1980s and few vessels actively pursue this fishery today. 5.3 5.3.1 shrimp but area, this in active currently are vessels local No beam trawlers from Boston, potting vivier-equipped Large coast. this off fish periodically Kings Lynn and Grimsby boats working from Grimsby exploit brown crabs outside 6 miles. parasite, and can be grown Bonamia The shrimp beam-trawl fishery in the Wash takes place A brown crab fishery takes place on the Race Bank, Mussels are harvested in the Wash and around the all year round, though it is as restricted during storms the winter and lowdeeper waters. Brown shrimp are temperaturescaught in the channels force between shrimps the inner banks of into the Wash and are of greater caught are which shrimp, pink than importance commercial in the deeper regions (usually >10 m) and for which there are limited market opportunities. Although the MMS for EC shrimp has legal been 16 mm since 1 January 2000, most fishermen continue to use 22 mm mesh. This is an important nursery ground for finfish such as plaice, sole, cod and herring and, since July 2002, in all the boats Wash have trawling to use a veil net or separator Council grid Reg (EC 850/98 Art 25) attached to shrimp trawls to separate flatfish from the shrimp. Dudgeon Shoal, and Triton Knoll off the Lincolnshire coast and along the north Norfolk coast from spring to autumn, though very few crabs are landed at There has Lincolnshire also been a ports. recent expansion of this fishery on inshore grounds in north Norfolk and in also Suffolk, at and Aldeburgh the fishery now starts in February. Many intertidally as they are resistant to frost. north Norfolk coast during the winter when meat quality is best, using either simple ‘Baird’ dredges or by hand. An MLS of 50 mm is imposed, except in the Wash where the MLS is 45 mm. The wild stocks have decreased since the mid-1980s due to a high level of fishing and recruitment failure. Consequently, the number beds on of which fishermen privately have re-laid owned mussel increased as stock levels on seed public beds have fallen. Many has of the remaining mussel beds are situated in littoral areas, where mussels tend to grow less well. Pacific oysters are Norfolk north the along principally beds private in cultivated preference in farmed are They inlets. and harbours in coast to the native oyster as they grow faster, are immune the to effects of the cockles are found in low densities. byelaw 3, Under however, molluscan shellfish Eastern can only be taken SFC by hand gathering or fishing gears that 10% cause of less the than catch to be smashed not or to have been cause shown environmental damage. cockles has Fishing risen since effort the mid-1980s for as other fisheries have declined in the Wash and demand for increased. Together cockles with a has decline in the spawning stock, this has led the Eastern SFC to impose seasonal closures to conserve cockle stocks, which have been supported by local cockle processors. 24 5 lincolnshire, norfolk and suffolk akt rcs Srt n hrig r tkn n mid-water winter. and autumn during mesh) mm in (32 trawls taken are herring and Sprat prices. and market weather availability, on depending the spring, to summer following of end the from shrimp pink and brown this coast in June. in coast this off rays and sole take trawlers Grimsby beach. the from them rake people several and cockles for dredges suction use boats few A Hunstanton. and Wootton between beds mussel natural 3 or 2 are there and shellfishery, Strange flatfish. bass, trout, and mullet bass, for beach the on nets fixed set individuals sea other 12 for when autumn, to spring nets from flatfish and mullet use boats longshore Three 5.3.7 cockles. processed locally for prices good ensured has demand high years, recent In gathering. hand traditional of the smaller boats not equipped with suction dredges use Some recovered. have stocks as years recent in fleet local offshore. further as well as estuaries, Humber shrimp and Thames many the in fish forced to trawlers has Wash the within competition rising but fleet, the of modernisation rapid a to led 1980s the during improvements Marketing round. year all landed mussels. and cockles for dredges or trawls shrimp twin-beam use either vessels) shrimp m >10 catch (all fleet to the of trawls remainder the and beam twin use vessels m <10 Two length. m 8.5–18 of vessels active 31 has port This 5.3.6 nets. fyke in fishing with principally eel autumn, late to spring from Nene River the is There d’oeuvre). hors an as eaten plant bait (lugworm and ragworm) and collect samphire (a marsh for dig fishermen Local port. this from active are boats No 5.3.5 summer. and spring during flatfish and mullet catch to nets fixed uses vessel One cockles. and mussels takes sometimes and shrimp pink and brown for channels river the in trawls beam boat part-time One 5.3.4 Thirteen boats of 7–14 m regularly beam trawl for both for trawl beam regularly m 7–14 of boats Thirteen ot f hs osln i cvrd y h piae Le private the by covered is coastline this of Most the from interest more attracted has fishery cockle The are shrimp pink of quantities smaller and shrimp Brown

WoottonHunstanton to King’sLynn Wisbech and Bridge Sutton Fosdyke una. rw cas per o ae eoe more become have grounds. fishing whelk to the on abundant appear crabs Brown Burnham. from works potter full-time One crustaceans. for pots set may and mussels and cockles for dredge vessels m >10 Two mussels. for dredging and whelks and crabs brown Wash. the in mussel seed of shortage a been has there private years recent in onto although beds, relayed is Wash the from obtained mussel harvest fishermen part-time Seed purification. after and market to sent are which mussels, full 8 spring, autumn early late to From round. year all harvested Burnham are to Norton Titchwell from growers part-time and full 7 by covered areas in cultivated are mussels and clams Manila oysters, Pacific 5.3.9 crabs. for pot in and shrimp for trawl farmed are boats m <10 oysters part-time dozen a Around creeks. Pacific numerous where coast, this along remain now oysters native Few Thornham. in registered are boats angling part-time Three autumn. flatfish to spring and from mullet bass, individuals for beach other the on nets Twenty fixed set part-time. nets stake setting area, this in operate holders licence trout sea five or Four 5.3.8 nets for sea trout, bass and mullet. Two other individuals fixed other Two set mullet. and bass also trout, sea for may nets vessels Two harbour. the in fishery several a within oysters and mussels few cultivate A fishermen autumn. the in season peak the with round, year all crabs target boats two and autumn, to through spring from lobsters and crabs for pots set boats longshore Six 5.3.11 flatfish. and mullet bass, with 8 individuals, set fixed nets on the beach for sea trout, along and, summer the during mullet and bass trout, sea for nets drift use also vessels Two taken. also are lobsters when autumn the during peaks effort Fishing 1990s. late the in substantially increased provide landings whelk mainstay, the still crabs and inshore, catches whelk in fall a to due mid-1980s the since crabs towards directed been has effort more Though year. the of most for Bank) Race Knoll, Triton (eg offshore miles 50 to out pots whelk similar of number a and crab brown for pots 100–400 between set Twelve boats of 8–11 m from this tidal drying harbour each 5.3.10 i <0 vses r atv i ti ae, otn for potting area, this in active are vessels m <10 Six

Brancaster and Burnham Overy Staithe Overy Burnham Brancasterand Titchwell and Thornham

Morston and Blakeney Morstonand Wells several rders. Oysters cultivated by cultivated Oysters orders. 25 5 lincolnshire, norfolk and suffolk Palling Mundesley, Bacton, and Mundesley, Happisburgh Sea Winterton, Hemsby and California Caister and Gorleston Yarmouth Great Hopton and Corton

The 5–7 longshore boats operating from these villages At Cromer there is a trend away from traditional wooden catamarans two and craft fibre-glass single-handed to boats are now potting from this port. Three vessels deploy drift nets during the autumn herring fishery. Twelve beach boats from Winterton and the surrounding small landing points fish mainly pots for crabs and lobsters on a small scale during the warmer months. southerly This limit of the Norfolk potting grounds is the 5.3.18 Five vessels operate from this area, mostly part-time using drift nets for herring and netting for thornback mackerel. rays, and some of the full-time boats There is some gill occasionally trawl for brown shrimps and flatfish. 5.3.19 An offshore fleet of longliners and an participates inshore fleet in that numerous fisheries Great base Yarmouth themselves harbour, in which is private angling boats. also Four boats >10 m used use longlines for by many cod in winter and rays and dogfish in spring and summer, with ling, whiting and turbot also boats use being baited lines attached caught. to A machines. Two few vessels use gill and trammel nets for thornback rays and sole. In the summer, drift netting for trips fishing offering port, this from operate vessels charter bass occurs. Four to local wrecks. 5.3.20 5.3.16 Five vessels operate from the beach, using pots for brown crabs and lobsters and tangle and gill nets for sole, bass and sea trout during the summer. One vessels sets tangle nets for cod during the winter. Drift for nets herring. may The be whelk fishery used off Sea Palling supported 10 full-time Cromer boats during the winter until the late 1980s, when the fishery declined before recovering in the mid 1990s. 5.3.17 are at the mercy of the weather and water currents, and onshore winds and large swells can prevent launching for long periods. Nets are drifted for herring in for sea autumn trout and bass and during spring and summer. Gill and trammel nets are set for cod and whiting in sole, winter, plaice, and rays and dabs from spring onwards. Small East and West East Runton and West and Overstrand Trimingham Cromer, Sheringham Cley, Salthouse Cley, and Weybourne

A fleet of around 11 boats principally for between brown crab 5–10 from March to m November. This use pots fishery peaks between April and June, each boat setting between 150 and 300 pots out to 5 miles from the coast. Pot bait includes cod and the plaice Lowestoft frames market acquired or dab, from flounder, gurnard, or sprat. herring The fishermen themselves process much of the catch. Lobsters are targeted for a short period during the summer at a time when brown crab moult. A few boats set whelk pots, use lines and nets for cod in winter drift nets and for herring in autumn. Three or four boats move between these ports and may also fish out of Mundesley. 5.3.15 5.3.14 Nine longshore boats base landing points themselves and concentrate on at the potting vessels fishery Two year. the these of for most for lobsters and crabs brown two use trammel and tangle nets during the and winter trammel for cod, and gill nets for bass Occasional drift during netting for the herring takes summer. place during the autumn. 5.3.13 Six full-time boats of 5–7 m rely pot almost fishery, entirely fishing on single-handedly the for brown crabs lobsters from March and to October. All vessels may also use trammel and tangle nets to target cod in the winter bass and during the summer. Drift nets are used autumn herring fishery. during the 5.3.12 Chalk reefs between Cley and Bacton provide good crab and lobster potting grounds. There villages, these from full-time fishing boats longshore active are currently three each setting up to 250 pots, around 25 pots to a line, out to 5 miles offshore. Peak landings of crab are expected in May and June. These vessels also set nets and lines for cod and whiting in winter, and target rays and dogfish in spring. set fixed nets on the beach for sea trout, bass, mullet and flatfish. Many fishermen supplement their earnings from From trips. angling chartering and digging bait cutting, reed Sutton Bridge to Blakeney, between 200–300 people dig lugworms, which for some is a full-time occupation. There Thornham between flatfish for set nets gill 300–400 be may and Blakeney. To the east and south from Blakeney there is a considerable amount of shore angling, especially for cod in winter and bass in the warmer months. 26 5 lincolnshire, norfolk and suffolk lhuh h nmes f ihre ae novd n this in involved are fishermen of numbers Blyth, the River the although in eels for nets fyke set fishermen A few used. gear predominant the being nets trammel fixed with onwards, spring from species target main the is Sole nets. drift using mainly months, warmer the during trout sea and mullet bass, target river the from vessels Three 5.3.23 occasionally coast. this along shrimp for fish Lynn King’s from also trawlers are Beam sprat exploited. when autumn, in quality best of are they although gear, trawl mid-water and nets drift using round for year all virtually caught summer be can Herring in bass. and trout used sea are nets Drift coast. the of miles 6 within wrecks many the around nets set and else crabs or lobsters brown for pots set to fishermen forces often weed of incidence high the summer, the During dogfish. in plaice and sole season, and longlines are also whiting, set for cod, whiting, rays cod, and catch to trammel used and are tangle nets) gill, (eg nets fixed of types Various stretch of coast whose landings are sold from beach stalls. There are three part-time longshore boats fishing along this 5.3.22 activities. dredging aggregate marine by disrupted sometimes is coast this along fishing Inshore crabs. and mullet, herring, bass, mackerel for and sea usedtrout. Pots are may be netsset for driftlobsters whilst cod, and rays areas. Fixed many nets are used into target demersal netting species such restrictsas sole, activity trawling though grounds,intense longlining to out way the on fish white for nets set often longliners smaller The offshore. work to setlonglines. The larger vessel is fully automated and tends vessels m <10approximately tenand m >10 Oneshrimp. brown for fishes also trawler beam local The whiting. and of the coast, miles landing mainly 12 plaice, sole, within turbot, rays, dabs, fish cod trawlers otter and guardship beam The oil-rig duty. perform to elected have trawlers other vesselfishes forsole andbass using otter trawls, butmany m >10 One vessel. this join occasionally Lynn King’s from beam trawler of >10 m remains. Two visiting beam trawlers been a steep decline in the offshore fleet, and only one local has There area. Pakefield the from part-timers few a with full-timeTherea isfleetaround vesselsof 12Lowestoft, at 5.3.21 to autumn declined. greatly has from spring fishing whiting and cod excellent once the but beaches, the along anglers of presence strong a is There season. in shrimp brown for used are trawls beam

Southwold and Walberswickand Southwold Kessingland and Pakefield Lowestoft early in the season. the in early taken being crab of quantities increasing with and November, February between lobsters and crabs brown are for nets Pots set Ore. fyke and Alde eel Rivers the few in set A sometimes are autumn. and summer the mullet and during bass, skate, sole, for longlines and and winter nets the drift during bass small and cod sole, for nets drift using beach, this from operate boats longshore Three 5.3.25 Dunwich. from works trawler stern small A (). ray thornback or sole bass, for summer and spring the in nets drift and fixed and sprat, and herring for winter the during nets drift using Sizewell, from operates vessel m <10 One 5.3.24 involve few fishermen. few involve now fisheries these and years the over fallen steadily has species both of landings though eels, and shrimp towards directed was effort considerable past, the In flatfish. other and dogfish bass, roker, sole, for nets trammel drifted and fixed use herring will vessels winter these summer, the the During during fishery. nets drift use vessels Seven 5.3.27 storing for constructed been sale. to prior molluscs have pits holding where Creek, Butley and Ore River the in cultivated are mussels ling. and pollack of amounts smaller plus bass, and cod for offshore miles 30 to up banks and wrecks on charter, angling for or commercially lines, and rod use ‘fastworkers’) as (known or boats GRP one modern summer, two the During river. the in caught also are lobster and crab mullet, bass, Sole, season. in crabs and lobsters for pots setting and banks local the on mullet and bass trout, sea for nets drift using part-time, fish vessels single-handed small three or Two herring. take and nets bass drift catch to used are longlines winter, the During and summer the bass. of bycatch a with ray, thornback and sole for autumn during nets trammel drifts full-time fisherman One port. this from work vessels four or Three 5.3.26 cultivated further up the river. the up further cultivated vessels are oysters native and charter-angling Pacific Both port. this from operate two and flounder and dab rays, plaice, sole, take length m <10 trawlers the stern Five trawls. in beam taken using boats several by are coast the along and shrimp estuary Brown dwindled. has fishery aii ad aie ytr ad t a esr extent, lesser a to and, oysters native and Pacific

Aldeburgh Thorpeness and Sizewell Dunwich, FelixstoweFerry OrfordHollesleyand Bay 27 5 lincolnshire, norfolk and suffolk 2 8 8 1 1 + 14 55 53 59 142 653 227 254 699 1,073 1,022 4,272 Landed value (£1,000s)

3 3 8 3 2 2 0

50 91 16 80 123 108 704 227 105 414 1,938 (t) Landed weight

5.4 Summary of landings in 2006 Finfish Cod Other gadoids Sole Turbot & brill Other flatfish Small pelagics Bass Other finfish Shellfish Whelks Sharks & rays Gastropods Scallops Cockles Other bivalves Other crabs Lobsters Nephrops Shrimps & prawns Cephalopods Edible crab Total Ipswich River River Stour and Orwell estuaries and

At Shotley, there are 4 full-time < 10 m longlines and boats trammel who nets for use cod and whiting in winter (when available) and dogfish, rays, sole and bass in spring and summer, when they also set pots for lobsters. A few part-time boats fish the Stour, eel trawling, lobster fyke potting and netting, setting stake shrimp nets along the shore for flounder, sole, bass and mullet. Six boats <10 m work part-time in the Orwell, netting and trawling for eels, bass and flatfish during the summer and drift netting for herring during the winter. The bass fishery attracts many and estuaries the in both fish that boats angling recreational in involved were fishermen more past, the In them. outside the eel fishery, but catches have fallen over the years. 5.3.28 28 6 essex and kent withinthe12-mile zone. from bass, and cod particularly species, some of landings total the of significantpart aconstitute catchesthese that the possibleprivatecharteredisand byitboats, shoreand from both region, this in activity angling considerable is Therepoor.recently been havecatches February, but to exploitthe‘Blackwater’ and‘Thames’ herring fromOctober boats of numbersmall A pots.lobster and whelk and nets fyke eel bass, for handlines bass, occasionally and cod for longlines mullet, and bass cod, sole, for nets drift and fixed use lays, oyster work boats smaller The cockles. and 6.2.5) (see whiteweed for place takes Dredging years. recent in declined has shrimp and eels cod, for trawling whilst ray, thornback and herring sprats, sole, for trawl boats larger considerablefishingwinter.declineeffortduringTheinthe catchesofcodand whiting have declined, there hasbeen a as allow However, year. itself the of most Estuary through fish Thames to boats small the along in and estuaries coast numerous Essex the the of waters sheltered The 6.1 6.

Synopsis of currentinshorefisheries of Synopsis ( Dungeness to Harwich Essex and Kent: and Essex Kent and Essex SFC Essex and Kent R.Thames Rochester Leigh-on-Sea

Burnham-on-Crouch Queensborough R.Medway Maldon

R.Blackwater R.Crouch Tollesbury Southend ) Colchester aeCreek Oare Faversham R.Roach Mersea E&W Wivenhoe

Brightlingsea Bradwell Sheppey

R.Stour seof Isle R.Colne Sands Maplin

boats are highly dependent on the sole fishery, which lasts 10 active those gear static and trawlers of inshore of majority The ago. years half above just to years recent over considerably reduced has operating vessel of number The 6.2.1 6.2 localities. further offshore. Whelks are also taken in pots at scattered grounds cleaner on important more becoming crab brown with inshore, close grounds rocky on lobsters for set are Pots shore. the of miles 4 in within each set nets 50 boats of excess Some season. in herring and bass for nets gill, tangle and trammel nets for the same species and drift and cod for and uses fleet gear static m) (<9 smaller The winter. in whiting months warmer the during plaice and sole for trawls otter use m >9 boats most coast, Channel Whitstable Dengie Hythe Flats Folkestone Sand rm ot Frln suhad aog h English the along southwards Foreland North From HerneB Red osyIs. Horsey Dungeness

Hythe Clacton Bay Information on species targeted,fishing species on Information methods and fishing restrictionsinshorefishing and methods Harwich

Sands Buxey Demersal fish (eg sole, plaice, lemonsole,sole,plaice, (eg fish Demersal ray, flounder, dab, cod and whiting) and cod dab, flounder,ray, ay

QueensC Richborough Dover

Ramsgate Broadstairs

Margate Walmer on Walton h Naze the

Deal hannel Bank Varne Foreland Goodwin South Foreland Sands North ue Tongue Outer ets Knock Kentish 29 6 essex and kent . - - Bonamia ster, brown crab, ster, shrimp, brown whelk and peri winkle) Shellfish (eg mussel, oyster, lob cockle,

There are wild and cultivated oyster fisheries along spawning migration from freshwater to the sea. Live eels are kept in vivier tanks on board and storage tanks on land before being taken to market (usually Billingsgate). There has been little activity in this fishery recently due to poor returns, and the traditional eel pair-trawl fishery has now ceased. 6.2.4 The Thames cockle fishery supports both local and visiting vessels. The local fleet uses an efficient solids pump handling system that has dredging system. superseded A sieve-like mechanism the sifts the old sand to separate the cockles, which are pumped jet-pumponto the boat. Following the collapse of the Dutch cockle fisheries (such as the now-closed Waddensea fishery) in the late-1980s and declines in other UK cockle stocks (eg in the Dee Welsh and the Wash), the Thames cockle fishery expanded rapidly, and is now the most productive in the UK. KESFC seasonal through fishery the regulates and stocks monitors closures, and maximum vessel and dredge size. In 1994, the KESFC was granted the Thames Cockle Fishery Order, major the fish may that vessels of number the limits which damage and effort fishing on restrictions imposes and beds rates. Licence holders are permitted to 2 and make 4 between landings per week, peaking September, when meat during yields are at August their best. All cockle and beds are usually closed from mid November to the end of May, and fishing is not permitted at weekends. the Essex and north Kent coast. The native oyster fishery in most of Essex has been much Hatchery-reared affected by juvenile Pacific oysters and native oysters half-grown from the south English onto coast on-growing are beds re-laid during spring. also prepare Oyster natural beds fishermen and encourage the settlement of native oyster spat by cleaning the ‘culch’ (a mixture of oyster-harvesting The settlement. spat to prior shells) dead season usually begins in late summer and can spring. Pacific oysters grow faster than the native last species, until and can be harvested during the closed season for native oysters in the summer. Large populations of this species resistant are They areas. some in established become have to frost, which allows them to be harvested earlier in the year and cultivated intertidally. KESFC byelaws limit length of the oyster dredges to an aggregate of 4 m per boat, and prohibit the taking of native oysters with a diameter of less than 70 mm. Several orders cover many natural and Pacific oyster beds along the Essex coast. sprat) Diadromous fish Diadromous (eg salmon, eel) Pelagic Pelagic fish (eg bass, herring mullet, and

Herring and sprat are targeted during the colder period 6.2.3 There is no licensed salmon or sea Thames Estuary. Fyke nets are used to catch eels in many trout fishery in the of the Essex rivers and estuaries, including the Thames. Brown/yellow eels are landed in spring and summer, and silver eels during autumn when they embark on their of the year. Two herring stocks are found off this The coast. first is a discrete inshore stock that spawns in spring in the northern part of the Thames Estuary, including the Blackwater Estuary, and for which licence fishermen from require Defra and a are restricted to drift net the northern half of the only Thames Estuary. Cefas carries out in an annual survey of this stock and a TAC (usually around 100–200 t) is set. When the TAC is reached the fishery is closed under KESFC byelaws, but this has not happened recently. The North Sea herring stock enters the southern half of the estuary and mixes seasonally with the inshore stock, and is mainly taken by trawling. Sprat are caught in pair trawls from November to February when they appear inshore. Demand for herring and sprat is generally low. quite Herring are usually sold through small local outlets, whereas sprats are mainly sold for fishmeal. Gill nets, either fixed or drifted, and trammel nets are used to catch bass between spring and autumn. Mesh sizes of 90 mm are used inshore where smaller fish predominate and meshes of 95–100 mm are used on grounds more for offshore larger fish. The availability has of made live rod sandeels and line fishermen and anglers. Fishing for more bass is either restricted popular with commercial power to adjacent areas nursery bass three in prohibited or Grey Kingsnorth. and Grain of Isle Bradwell, outfalls; station and, to a lesser extent, golden-grey mullet are caught in beach seines, fixed and drifted nets, often as a bycatch to bass, and sometimes can be caught far up river estuaries. KESFC have specified a MLS of 30 cm for grey mullet. 6.2.2 from spring through to (inner mm 90–100 of autumn. mesh a with nets trammel and tangle Drifting and anchored mesh of a trammel net) are set close inshore, and across offshore sand banks, taking bycatches of bass, rays and other flatfish such as plaice, flounders and dabs. Anchored tangle nets with a mesh of around 260 mm are used for rays – most commonly the thornback ray. The autumn gill and trammel net cod fishery has declined markedly in the last few years. Inshore trawlers tow for flatfish sole, plaice, lemon such sole and rays. as 30 6 essex and kent pots for part of the year. From spring through to autumn, to through spring From year. the of part for pots whelk set boats Two prices. market high by compensated are months colder the during levels catch Low offshore. and miles 30 to summer, out round year virtually of pots set boats several beginning the from fisheries crab and lobster the join boats m <10 of majority The rather trawls. than lines and the nets of use to end opt boats the some until when year, whiting and cod to switches then Effort bycatch. important an forming rays and plaice with for sole within the estuary during the summer and autumn, trawls beam and otter use boats m <10 6 Around inshore. appear sole when February, and January in sprat for m 14 of boats two by used are trawls pair and Otter winter. the There is a small drift net fishery for sprat and herring during mullet. and bass rays, sole, for nets drift and nets set use vessels autumn, to spring From winter. and autumn the during work may vessels 5 only result, a as and, poor been recently have whiting and cod of Catches radius. 12-mile a within fish to tend and m <10 are boats Most Estuary. Stour the of bank southern the along places landing and Harwich from fish vessels part-time 7 and full-time 8 to Up 6.3.1 6.3. winter. and autumn during fishery the in engage boats few a only currently and years recent in declined has this but demand, steady but small a supply 1980s the during fishing constructed whiteweed plants processing or Local scarce exploitation. are their cod prevent restrictions or sole example, for when, Estuary Thames the in whiteweed harvest to rakes simple use trawlers inshore Many purposes. decorative for sold is and years 90 around for exploited been has that coral) to related animal colonial (a hydroid fern-like a is Whiteweed 6.2.5 costs. labour cover to earnings insufficient to due declined also has fishery this although Thames), and Blackwater Colne, (eg estuaries many from hand by gathered are Periwinkles has declined to an extremely low level due to poor catches. whereas November, to whelks are taken virtually all year round. The shrimp fishery March from targeted are crabs an escape gap measuring 46 x 84 mm. Lobsters and brown a introduced with fitted be to KESFC pots crab and lobster all 2002, requiring byelaw In Kent. north and Harwich off being areas fishing popular most the coast, the along Lobster, brown crab and whelk pot fisheries are scattered

Description of coastal fisheries by port by coastalfisheries of Description

Harwich whiteweed) (eg Other from autumn onwards. autumn from taken being cod with summer, and spring during rays and bass for set are Longlines reached. been has quota herring the whether or demand on depending March, or February drift-net fishery commences around October and lasts until in landings from gill and trammel nets. The licensed herring eels and, by autumn, cod and whiting begin to predominate the During warmer months, nets Estuary. are set Colne for sole, rays, the bass, mullet and within May to November from shrimp brown for trawls beam small use boats or two with one Occasionally, March bycatch. in important an begins forming fishery rays sole The years. some in vessels when Brightlingsea at catches their February, land ports surrounding from and January in creeks and nearby Colne and Blackwater Rivers the of estuaries the in taken occasionally are rays Sprat and months. use warmer plaice the trawlers sole, during for The trawls otter gear. double towed and single mainly use that part-time boats two plus boat, gear and static full-time m 8–10m, <10 Brightlingsea one of trawlers from full-time fish two comprising fleet Wivenhoe, Estuary Colne The 6.3.3 September. in begins usually harvesting and oysters native with stocked are beds Fishery Several Island Horsey The longlines. and nets use Clacton off moored boats part-time one and time full- two and backwaters, Walton of out lining and potting netting, in engaged are vessel part-time one and vessels full-time Two summer. in crabs and lobsters for 200 each pots to up set boats part-time two and full-time two The 6.3.2 fyke nets are set, which also take a bycatch of lobsters. of bycatch a take also which set, are nets fyke eel few A bass. or rays cod, for longlines employ vessels 4 and winter, and autumn in nets cod and mullet, and bass rays, sole, for nets drift and nets set use boats 4 around recover. Some boats occasionally set pots for whelks. for pots set occasionally boats Some recover. to stock allow to 2004/05 in closed kept Flats. were beds These Dengie and Sands of Buxey the mouth on the Crouch River around the beds cockle fish in to themselves Brightlingsea base occasionally ports distant and local from boats cockle-dredging 12 to up and Brightlingsea at based is or dredger cockle One licensed full-time One 1990s. offshore. further oysters the native for of dredge occasionally boats beginning two the been has since recovery slow reported a although 1980s, early the in Bonamia

Brightlingsea and Wivenhoe and Brightlingsea ClactonWalton-on-the-Nazeand und h ntv ose fsey n h Colne the in fishery oyster native the ruined

31 6 essex and kent Southend-on-Sea Burnham-on-Crouch

Green shore crabs are exploited during their annual 6.3.7 Trawlers and cockle dredgers dominate the fishing fleet based along the north side of commercial the netting now takes Thames place from this port. Estuary. Three No otter trawlers of <10 m target sole and during use the otter or summer pair trawls for sprat winter. and These vessels herring do a during little harvesting of whiteweed using dredges. During the spring and summer, smelt and whitebait are occasionally caught in pair trawls. 6.3.8 Leigh-on-Sea and Holehaven One or two trawlers >12 m and around 4 <10 now m vessels target sole for much of the and triple year otter trawls. using A mainly further ten twin <10 m vessels join may the fishery seasonally. Some vessels in trawl pairs singly for or whiting, sprat and herring during although cod the has winter, not been targeted recently due to poor catches. The traditional summer whitebait fishery no longer has a local market. One or two smaller vessels dredge for whiteweed between autumn and spring. There are 4 full- time vessels that use drift and anchored gill and nets trammel for bass, mullet, sole, rays and cod and set eel fyke nets. Quota restrictions have severely restricted landings by non-sector vessels >10 m, and have delayed the start of the sole fishery for <10 m vessels. Some vessels have and January in ports Channel English from working to turned February, dredging for scallops, although the weather has often restricted their success. The part-time fleet trawls for nets. fyke eel sets and mullet, and bass for nets gill sole, 6.3.6 Five full-time trawlers take sole, rays and other flatfish in summer, and may use otter or pair trawls for cod, whiting and sprats or dredge for whiteweed in autumn and winter. Sprat and whiteweed are taken from within the and estuary inshore waters, whereas demersal taken further offshore. The numerous landing places fish along are mainly the Rivers Crouch and Roach two part-time vessels, which collectively are mostly inactive. There is support only some gill and trammel netting for bass and mullet during the summer and drift netting for a herring and sprat in the winter. moulting period (‘peeler’ crabs) and sold as angling Charter bait. and private angling boats work from the Crouch, with the bass fishery attracting attention in the summer and whiting or codpartially involved in working private oyster beds and in the in the winter.production of mussels and Pacific Fourand native oysters, the vessels latter are also being harvested from offshore beds. , and they are harvested from harvested are they and , Bonamia Maldon and Bradwell West Mersea (including West Tollesbury)

From a fleet of around 16 in the 1980s, only two boats There are wild and cultivated mollusc fisheries in the now take out charter angling trips from Bradwell, catching mainly rays, smooth-hounds, bass and whiting. There one is large company growing Pacific Blackwater, oysters which within are the harvested and marketed around the throughout world. Small quantities of hand- the year gathered periwinkles are landed from autumn through to spring. 6.3.5 using Bradwell and Maldon from fish vessels part-time Two static gear. There is occasional drift both within and netting just outside for the Blackwater Estuary herring from for used are nets trammel and gill and February, to October cod and whiting during autumn and winter. Sole and rays are targeted in March, and bass and mullet in summer and Bradwell, off found are grounds fishing bass Good autumn. and the area around the warm effluent discharged Bradwell from power station remains closed despite the facility having to ceased operating early in 2002. estuary, where two several orders (Blackwater Hall and Old Creek Oyster Fishery main Orders) channel and some cover of the creeks. areas In addition to in the cultivation of the Pacific and native oysters, there a has gradual regeneration been of natural stocks of native oysters of outbreak the since 6.3.4 Seventeen full-time and 6 part-time vessels fish from the north side of Blackwater Estuary, the majority being based in West Mersea. A variety of fisheries take place the estuary within itself for demersal and pelagic fish, 17 molluscs to up of boats 13 Around crustaceans. occasionally, and, m trawl for sole, plaice and rays (some with twin or triple otter trawls) from spring to trawl singly or autumn. in pairs for cod, whiting or They sprats in winter. occasionally Four boats of 8–12 m use set nets and drift nets for sole, rays, bass and mullet during the summer. Three boats use drift nets for herring and gill and trammel nets for cod and whiting in winter. Fyke-netting activity in the estuary has declined due to a scarcity of eels. A Blackwater, the in herring for fishery net drift the join boats few of the smaller but fishing is inconsistent, demand limited and prices low. the end of summer through winter. Mussels and Manila clams are cultivated, mussels are dredged and gathered from natural lays throughout the estuary, and periwinkles gathered by hand. Three shellfish purification plants have been constructed to comply with EC Hygiene Directives. The part-time fleet partakes in all fisheries, particularly during the warmer months. the above-mentioned 32 6 essex and kent vessels fish for cockles, mussels or sole. or mussels cockles, for fish vessels one from Brightlingsea join them. Two new multifunctional two vessels from Whitstable, two from Queenborough and efforts on its the Shoebury, Maplin concentrates and Foulness fleet Sands, where The Order. Fishery Cockle Estuary lc saoal fr as To 2 vses rde for dredge vessels m 12 Two bass. for seasonally takes place trawling Pair winter. and autumn in oysters native for dredge regularly boats Two periods. short for targeted bass and rays with whiting, and cod sole, for particularly of 6 Whitstable, at vessels 9–14 m work multi-rigged otter trawls for most of the year, fishing full-time 13 of Out 6.3.11 potting. whelk of amount small a undertakes netting occurs for sole, rays, bass and mullet, and of one boat amount limited A in trawls. round beam small year using all Swale the caught are shrimp and trawls, otter in taken are bass and and rays plaice In sole, sprats, summer, spring. and until spring and autumn from herring oysters native whiting, for dredges cod, take otter using to Creek Oare trawls from fish boats full-time Three 6.3.10 Rochester. of Fishermen Free the of prerogative the is that Medway Historically, there is Queenborough, a so-called ‘floating’ fishery in the River to permanently from mussels. seed and cockles for fish to continue they where moved boats cockle Sea two on 2001, Leigh of end the At summer. returns. poor to due considerably declined has past, recent the in boats local several supported nets,which fyke with eels for Fishing deep. m 3–4 and long m 200–350 nets, mesh mm 90 with summer in place mullet takes grey for seining Beach stations. power Grain and Kingsnorth to adjacent Medway, the in areas nursery two bass, in prohibited is fishing Bass cod,season. in sole and rays mullet, for nets trammel and tangle gill, use vessels flatfish.full-timemixedTwoandrays few takingasole, for For the rest of the year, vessels use triple-rigged otter trawls March. and November between port this from fishing little is there otherwise enough; high is price the if winter the during processing oysters native for dredge local boats three or Two one plant. to working vessels two to reduced part-timewhiteweedfishingtheboats.fisheryEffort inhas three and m) (8–13 full-time 9 supports Estuary, Medway the in Sheppey of Isle the on situatedharbour, small This Queenborough6.3.9 Nine full-time boats are licensed to fish under the Thames sal ubr f ose pt ae e drn the during set are pots lobster of number small A

Faversham Whitstable n sm-omril o ad ie ot my anh at launch may summer. the during Broadstairs boats line and rod semi-commercial and angling trailed few A year. the throughout Broadstairs at made now are landings small full only and Ramsgate, work at time to here from moved vessels several with Margate, As November. around ends usually season lobster pots use from spring onwards boat to take lobsters and brown crabs. The m <10 registered one and part-time Two 6.3.14 cod. take to used are nets. drift with fished occasionally are nets Herring gill winter, the During eel. conger and bass pollack, cod, of catches good occasional the yields summer in netting Wreck bass. and rays flatfish, mixed sole, take to offshore miles 15–20 as far as to out mark water low the from nets trammel sets boat m 8 one November, late and April between period the of most For 6.3.13 semi-commercially. or recreation for rays and bass for summer in mainly line and rod use boats trailer-launched of fleet small A winter. in nets drift and gill warmer months. Occasionally cod and herring are caught in the during mullet and bass for used are nets gill and rays, the of most and plaice pots sole, for set to are whelk nets trammel and Tangle year. set through boats spring few from a and crabs autumn, brown and lobsters for Reculver around coast the of miles few a within pots set boats of majority The winter. the fishing during limited where is activity coast, exposed this along gear static use boats beach part-time dozen a around and full-time Three 6.3.12 ihr bgn o eoe from recover to began fishery and mullet, oyster the in and Landings crabs. brown bass and lobsters for sole, pots for nets drift) (and set with along year, the throughout pots whelk mainly gear, static on relies fleet the of remainder The years. taken recent in has place mussels seed of Harvesting closed. are beds cockle the when methods trawling various use also They weather. bad of periods during grounds local fish only and coast, Essex the off Sands Maplin the on mainly cockles, lobsters, oysters and whelks. and oysters lobsters, cockles, with deal harbour the around situated processors Shellfish owners. the with arrangement by fished be only may grounds private Local living. a make to them for poor too become has grounds local on fishing when during winter the scallops for fish to Rye to move boats four to Up tonnes. few a to declined since have but 1999 in peaking

Broadstairs Margate Bay Herne Bonamia n h 1990s, the in 33 6 essex and kent Folkestone Folkestone Hythe Dungeness

All three static gear boats work tangle and trammel nets trammel and tangle work boats gear static three All The smaller boats focus on potting between Dover in autumn and winter, and drift nets are occasionally used to supply a small local market with herring. One full time angling charter vessel works from this port. 6.3.19 Three full-time and a similar number of part-time boats all <10 m fish through March mainly from used are nets Sole within shore). the of m Hythe 100 Bay (sometimes boats All within crabs. and plaice of bycatches taking November, to used to switch to cod netting poor but from whiting, and flatfish mixed of autumn bycatch a with winter, through the returns from this fishery in recent years has caused some crews to find land-based work over this period. 6.3.20 full-time) are which of (4 boats beach m <10 dozen a to Up use gill and trammel nets when conditions are suitable for netting, eg not during strong tides or stormy weather. One trawler works the local scallop grounds. Sole has replaced bycatches with species, target main the as whiting and cod of plaice and lemon sole. Nets are used in winter for cod and whiting, often on Bullock by nets drift in Bank, caught are sprat and Herring sole. for spring which is fished in 6.3.18 Around 18 boats fish from this sheltered harbour, where the full-time fleet comprises 6 otter trawlers, 6 netting and potting boats (all <10 m) and three target trawlers The part-time shellfish. for pots use also which boats, static gear cod and whiting from late autumn through winter, with a bycatch of lemon sole and plaice. Dover landings Sole from dominate early spring and several rigged boats trawls. In use recent years, multi- the trawl fleet has tended to fish further offshore for better catches and some boats flatfish base themselves at Ramsgate. and roundfish onwards. spring from rays and plaice sole, for Bay Hythe in roundfish of catches good produce wrecks around set Nets including bass, which are also caught in drift nets. Netting Bullock and Varne the including area vast a over place takes bank. and Hythe Bay from spring to autumn. the by lobster to Brown switches effort season, the in early crabs landed are in caught are lobsters and crabs and summer, the of middle generally Bay, the in set pots in caught are Whelks autumn. from April till October. During the warmer months, one or two of the larger boats act as guard support swimmers, to Channel and some of charter angling trips to supplement their earnings. the full-time fishermen also Dover Dover Deal and (including Walmer Richborough) Ramsgate Ramsgate

The two trawlers target sole and other flatfish from April from flatfish other and sole target trawlers two The 6.3.17 Only two, mainly part-time, boats have recent worked years. Nearshore here chalk reefs in provide good potting grounds for both brown crabs and lobsters, with up to 300 pots per boat being set for brown crabs from the start of the year and then for both crabs and lobsters during the summer until the weather deteriorates towards the end of the year. Bass and flatfish are caught in drift and fixed nets during the warmer months, and roundfish cod, such pollack as and bass are caught off wrecks the year. throughout Set gill nets and longlines take cod and whiting Two full-time and several part-time beach-launched boats use nets and pots from spring to autumn. Gill and trammel nets take cod and whiting mackerel in in spring. autumn Between spring and and autumn, winter and trammel tangle nets and are used for sole, plaice, rays, dogfish and, to a lesser extent, turbot and brill, often on Goodwin Sands. Bass are caught in drift nets and provide the main lobsters crabs, brown for set are Pots summer. in earnings and whelks between Walmer and Dover and fishing effort peaks in summer. Some fishermen move to other ports when fishing off this coast is poor, trips and are charter becoming angling a popular fisheries. alternative to commercial 6.3.16 until November and rays in spring. During winter, the main fishing is for cod and whiting and for trammel and Gill grounds. scallops local on poor is fishing the when from Rye nets are set close inshore by winter for cod and whiting. several In spring, most of the full-time boats during the static gear boats and many part-time boats turn to using trammel nets and sole, also gill nets which are both fixed and drifted, and landing rays using 220 mm nets until late autumn. During the summer, bass are caught in drift nets, cod nets are used over wrecks, and pots are set off this rocky coast for lobsters, crabs and whelks. Some vessels have also used nets months, for though cuttlefish there has during recently been the less this fishery. There are several specialist charter and private warmer activity in angling vessels that fish wrecks and banks principally for cod and bass. 6.3.15 A busy port where merchant and ferry interests are on the increase, Ramsgate has the largest fleet of netting boats on the Kent and Essex coast, comprising 25 full-time and 5 part-time boats of <10 m along with two <10 m trawlers (though trawlers from the south coast visit occasionally). 34 6 essex and kent Turbot & brill & Turbot Sole gadoids Other Cod Finfish QQ 6.4 warm the stations. power Dungeness around the from discharges water area nursery a in prohibited is fishing inshore Bass rays. and plaice of bycatch a taking and nets trammel closer fishery French-styled cross-tide heavy sole using mainly autumn, until the on concentrate boats smaller The lobster. occasional the and pollack bass, cod, yield to wrecks over set also is gear some and sole, lemon and rays sole, for Channel English the of middle the to out nets set boats larger the spring, In boats. small two or one Other flatfish Other Bass pelagics Small Other finfish Other Scallops Gastropods Whelks Shellfish rays & Sharks Edible crab Edible bivalves Other Cockles Lobsters crabs Other Shrimps & prawns & Shrimps Nephrops Cephalopods Total

Summary of landings in 2006 in landings of Summary Landed weight Landed (t)

11,426 9,819 232 106 557 238 171 42 59 24 64 55 33

6 8 6 2 0 4

Landed value Landed (£1,000s) 1,487 4,284 7,673 207 332 317 140 236 367 30 58 37 76 82 + 7 8 1 5

35 7 sussex e e Ry

Ry Bay Hastings Bank

Shingle

Bulverhythe Bexhill Royal Pevensey Sovereign

Langney

ap

Eastbourne

gG Burlin

Seaford Newhaven herring, mullet, sprat, and sandeel) Pelagic Pelagic fish (eg and bass, grey golden-grey Beachy Head

and cod in season. Sussex SFC over byelaws 14 prohibit m from boats fishing within 6 miles of sole the fishery coast. attracts The visiting beam trawlers that compete for local resources, though national legislation beam trawlers excludes of more than 70 gross registered t or 300 bhp from the 12-mile zone. Otter and pair trawls are used coast this off appear which mullet, red and bream black for minimum a sets byelaw SFC Sussex A summer. the during cod-end mesh size of 90 mm for pair trawlers fishing the to west of Shoreham, use though 120 mm many to avoid catching pairs juvenile black voluntarily bream bass. and Another byelaw (introduced between baselines from miles nautical 0.25 within trawling July 1998) prevents Dungeness and Shoreham (excluding the area Eastbourne between and Cuckmere Haven) inclusive, in order to in protect juvenile flatfish. May to October 7.2.2 There are recreational and commercial bass fisheries off theSussex coast mostinmonths theofyear. Thespecies has gained increasing significance in several both sectors, gear and types are trammel used nets including drift fished nets close through and to to the late autumn. shore when Drift from set nets spring after are periods verypast 10 years, of effectivea fishery prosecuted unsettled by mainly beach weather.and tender craft In has developed the to a fishery targeted by 10m vessels and, in exceptional circumstances, it in individual can catches result of half a tonne or more for a vessel with 2 or 3 crew. Grey mullet and are in taken directed as a fisheries bycatch using nets. Both herring seine,and sprat generate little interest these fixed and drifted days as market demand is generally low. speciessuch as mackerel, Other horse mackerel and pelagicgarfish are occasionally landed.

Brighton Shoreham

-

Lancing

Worthing

Littlehampton

Felpham ) Regis Bogner

Selsey Bill

Pagham hcetrHarbour Chichester

Selsey Emsworth Sussex SFC Sussex: Sussex: Rye to Selsey cod, cod, whiting, dogfish, and mullet red black bream) Demersal Demersal fish (eg plaice, turbot, sole, ray,

tions inshore methods deployed methods and deployed fishing restric Information Information on species fishing targeted, Synopsis of fisheries inshore current

Lobsters stocks are exploited on sporadic rocky grounds rocky sporadic on exploited are stocks Lobsters Sole and plaice provide the mainstay for the netting fleet through spring to late autumn, and other species such as rays, turbot and brill are also landed. rather fewer boats During set gill the nets for winter cod and whiting. Less than 20% of the district’s inshore trawling, fishing out fishing to 20 miles fleet offshore for flatfish, rely rays on 7.2.1 7.2 Fishing activity along this coastline by is along this activity coastline Fishing mainly undertaken beach boats setting nets from the low water mark out to 6 miles offshore, with larger boats of over 10 m working from a few harbours, eg Rye, Newhaven and Shoreham. main The fishing activity is with trammel and gill nets mainly sole and plaice, with some to rays, cod and bass. take close inshore, particularly at Selsey, Shoreham, Brighton and Newhaven, with brown crab being caught on cleaner grounds further offshore. Whelks have important become resource, a with very seasonal fisheries to 2 yielding t per hauling up for some pot fishermen. Trawlers now target non-quota stocks such as cuttlefish, bream, squid, bass black and red mullet more for than pressure-stock ever, species as have become quotas very restrictive. Some of the larger use vessels beam trawls and from scallop dredges. Native Rye oysters are and dredged in Newhaven the west of the district. Most local boats land daily and catches are sold where landed via fish stalls or taken to Rye, Hastings or Brighton markets. 7.1 ( 7. 36 7 sussex trawlers are <12 m and confine their efforts to Rye Bay, Rye to efforts their confine and m <12 are trawlers the of Most trawlers. beam few a and m 8–14 of trawlers otter 14 comprises fleet trawl The full-time. fish which of and half number around fleet, strong the 50 the by restricts made trips of this duration and tidal is harbour Rye 7.3.1 7.3 nets. in them take to issued licences no are there district, this in rivers some in spawn and enter trout sea Although 7.2.4 regulationsseverely limit thequantity ofwhite fish landed. quota when periods during especially fleet, trawler the to importance particular of are species Both pots. and nets drift and fixed trawls, in caught are and summer in inshore close appear squid and cuttlefish of Shoals district. the of 15 May and 15 September (Sussex between SFC byelaw)hand in the by west gathered are Periwinkles fishery. this of poorexport prices haverecently diminished theimportance However,retained. be cannot mm 70 of diameterinternal an with ringcircular a throughpassed be can that oysters and closed October, of end a the to May imposes of start the SFC from season Sussex The beds. dredged natural also are from oysters native and Harbour Chichester within cultivated are oysters native and Pacific fishery. this to byelaw A pressure. regulate to order in proposed been has effort fishing restrict fishing intense to subject been rejuvenatedbedsbetween Shoreham Eastbourneand have prawns. for pots set being boats of number small A landed. mm 45 under whelks prevents legislation EU and importance in increased has and potting velvet Whelk crabs. spider, green for market a provided has Continent the to trade vivier The pots. 1000 of excess in use boats larger the pots of some in and offshore taken miles 3 crabs than further brown set on dependent are boats of number small A miles. 3 outside and within both pots set a to up member crew boats most consequence, a As boat. per per 300 of maximum 100 to coast the of miles 3 within set pots lobster of number the restricts which SFC, summer. the during Sussex the by issued permit a requires lobsters for Fishing potters of majority the for income improving an provided have lobsters Selsey and Eastbourne, off and occur fisheries crab and lobster principal The 7.2.3 clos r hretd sn Nwae degs and dredges, Newhaven using harvested are Scallops

Description of coastal fisheries by port by coastalfisheries of Description

Rye Rye eel) troutand sea (eg Diadromousfish prawn, whelk, lobster,crab, (eg Shellfish periwinkles) and scallop,oyster,cuttlefish,squid nets further offshore in search of improved catches. improved of search in offshore further nets set fishermen gear static as intensified have crews trawler beam and net fixed between Conflicts boat. per netting of the length of each net, and this can amount to over 8000 m up to 70 nets in fleets of between 5–10 nets, depending on set boats Some levels. catch maintain to try fishermen as nets with saturated become have offshore miles grounds 6 to Fishing out ling. and bass whiting, pollack, cod, for wrecks over set are Nets nets. drift in caught are mullet and Bass trawls. and traps an nets, in catch are spring important brill, Cuttlefish crustacea. monkfish, and turbot, cuttlefish dogfish, of dab, bycatch important an taking rays, flatfish, and plaice for accredited), MCS set (again sole are particularly nets tangle and trammel onwards, and herring, January spring From status). MCS gained has fishery (this February in for sprat nets for and drift October, use around beginning boats few A winter. whiting and during cod for set are nets gill and Trammel nets. off trammel operating with fish will which of two-thirds beach, Hastings m <10 vessels full-time 20 used, approximately still are There fishery. are gear static the punts in particularly however, built clinker Traditional than formerly. common more are boats multi-rigged and vessels, steel towards evolving increasingly is fleet Hastings The 7.3.2 upon the bass angling fishery. angling bass the upon rely that vessels charter of number a has Rye trout. sea of bycatch potential the to due Agency, Environment the and Council District Rother with developed conditions licence of set a with comply they where only byelaws Committee under permitted are nets These autumn. and spring the in are nets particularly bass, catch to Harbour Rye of west the to used keddle Commercial caught. are brill and turbot where Channel English the of middle the to out nets set The smaller boats fish within Rye Bay whilst the larger ones bass. and sprat herring, for nets drift extent lesser a to and cod, and plaice sole, for nets trammel and tangle gill, use between vessels visitors. occasional by and local May, and November two by dredged sometimes are Scallops Brixham. and Portsmouth as such ports UK and from trawlers attracts Bay Rye in population sole The demand. on depending winter, in sprats or herring for trawls pair or otter use occasionally vessels Several year. the throughout fish demersal of variety a landing pairs, in sometimes offshore, miles 20 to out fish trawlers larger The winter. in whiting and cod and autumn, late to through spring from flatfish rays and plaice sole, target they where h ntig le, f hc te aoiy ih part-time, fish majority the which of fleet, netting The

Hastings 37 7 sussex Brighton Brighton Marina Birling Gap and Seaford Newhaven

Over 20 potting permits have been issued to both full- This port has 20 full-time vessels and up to 25 part-time boats. The set-netters are generally between m 5 in length, and and use 10 gill nets during the whiting, winter lemon for sole cod, and plaice, tangle and trammel onwards, spring from nets sole, and plaice especially flatfish, for and gill nets around wrecks for cod, pollack and ling. Bass their of component important increasingly an become have catch as cod catches declined. Upto half of the vessels full-time may use otter trawls to take the same species, in season. A pair-trawl fleet of up to 5 teams is largely based in Newhaven and fishes for bass and bream. up use m 12–15 of boats two and fishermen, part-time and to 1000 pots each to take lobsters and onwards. brown mid-June and from Sovereign spider Royal the of south crabs Some boats take out angling parties at weekends. 7.3.7 over Marina, Brighton in based are vessels fishing 35 Some half of which fish full time. All boats from Brighton direct their effort at some time toward the (netting static and potting). gear If fishery spider crabs prevent set netting, effort may switch to drift netting for bass and mullet and to a lesser extent, due to marketing opportunities, herring, mackerel and sprat. Sole is the mainstay of the fleet, and cuttlefish spring, In quantities. significant in caught is plaice component important an represents nets in inshore caught of the fishery’s income, particularly fisheries such as as the winter cod fishery more have declined. As traditional with the vessels based in the eastern part of the Sussex District, boats from Brighton fish in the deeper waters for valued a predominantly as caught are Skate brill. and turbot bycatch, though there is some directed tangle net effort. 7.3.5 Up to 6 part-time boats fish from this rocky coastline, one offshore miles 5 to out crabs brown for pots setting two or in spring, and they are joined by the rest of the fleet using pots for lobsters closer inshore during boats summer. use A nets few for cod, whiting and winter and and, from herring the beginning in of spring, autumn tangle and Many rays. and turbot plaice, sole, for set are nets trammel commercial and recreational fishermen exploit Beachy bass Head from off May to November using rod and line with artificial lures or sandeels as bait. High market prices fishing and one lucrative very a fishery bass the made have often takes place at night. The coastline between Beachy Head and Brighton provides a seasonal income for many commercial winkle pickers. 7.3.6

Eastbourne Bulverhythe, Bexhill and Bulverhythe, Pevensey

An important crab and lobster fishery takes place on sand/gravel and rocky reefs off Eastbourne and involves nearly all of the local full-time fishermen. Some boats set over 1000 pots each for brown to crabs 6 and miles lobsters offshore, with out velvet often and taken as a bycatch. green The largest operator has a shore vivier crabs facility. Brown crabs are targeted from spring through to the end of the year, whilst the lobster fishery first peaks in June and July, for hen lobsters predominantly, and then, when September in again up picks period, quiet a following cock lobsters prevail. Inshore increasingly fishermen dependent on have potting as become white fish landings from netting have fallen through a scarcity of fish inshore and quota restrictions. Substantial quantities have been landed here in of recent years. whelks The majority of Harbour vessels marina, operate rather from than Langney the from and the Eastbourne. Sovereign Most beach of the between 6–8 m and 25–30 set nets and pots, and 12 also use otter trawls. boats are Fishermen sell their catches directly to small market the stalls; the greater profits compared to selling public from through markets (which incurs costs) are transport crucial to their and survival. Otter handling trawls are used often in summer for flatfish and non-quota species as such cuttlefish, squid, black bream boats set gill and trammel nets within 6 miles of the coast. and red mullet. Most New catamarans have expanded the capacity of the fleet to exploit the expanded whelk fishery, but also to access more distant (mid-Channel) grounds more and quickly. Target fish include cod, local whiting and bass in grounds autumn and winter. In spring, sole and plaice are targeted using trammel and tangle nets, and nets larger are mesh set tangle for rays, turbot, and Channel) brill and crustacea (often such out as spider to crab. Gill mid nets are set around wrecks and drifted for bass during the warmer months. There is a limited drift Numerous net private angling fishery craft are for based herring. in Eastbourne, mainly targeting bass. 7.3.4 7.3.3 boats beach open are which of majority the boats, 25 to Up the of miles 6 within nets tangle and trammel set m, 5–8 of coast for sole, plaice, rays, turbot and brill, and use nets for drift bass and mullet from early spring through to late autumn. Nets set over wrecks yield cod, pollack, ling and bass. Cod and whiting are targeted with gill nets in winter, when 3 or 4 boats use drift nets for herring and sprat. Pots crabs brown and summer in lobsters for specifically set are and lobsters in spring and autumn. 38 7 sussex or turbot. or angling out mackerel for or bream black and take cod for wrecks to parties boats Most crabs. brown for offshore larger boats of up to 14 m set up to 1000 pots each further pots 400 to up each in the Hooe Bank area throughout set the year, and a few boats smaller The crabs. green and velvet of bycatches taking lobsters, and crabs brown for and cod pots set boats with dozen a Over flatfish, September. after rays and some mullet bass, take to weedy ground onwards, May from and, rough on nets drift and fixed use boats part-time dozen a around and full-time Ten 7.3.10 fishery. potting small a also is There weather. unsettled of periods after set be to nets drift limited allows bay the the by and afforded protection landings, the of value the of proportion large a represent Bass fishers. line and rod numerous the by and nets in targeted are bass and bream Black cod. for Nets are set during spring for plaice and sole, and in winter Worthing tend to have larger vessels moored in Shoreham. from craft operate that fishermen full-time the The to summer. limited and time part wholly almost is fishery the where beach, Worthing use vessels registered Numerous 7.3.9 shore. the near outcrops rocky sporadic on vessels multipurpose by caught they still are though 1980s, the since considerably declined has fishery lobster and crab The nets. drift in taken are mullet caught are Cuttlefish autumn. nearshore in fixed nets during May and June, and bass and and summer in rays brill turbot, and then and sole by followed nets, caught trammel are in Plaice pots. with whelks target craft Inshore Shoreham, at based trawlers beam inshore of number the in increase an been has there years, recent In full-time). (13 m 4–12 between boats 25 with landings, of value the of terms in District Sussex the Shoreham harbour is the most important fishing port within 7.3.8 of pots. and nets set also which few a angling, pleasure for beach the along launched are boats small 100 Approximately fishery. net static the The expanded whelk fishery has diverted some effort from

Worthing Shoreham

Littlehampton ihn fr oe n plaice. and sole for fishing s taml (o pac ad oe ad ec sie for seinesmackerel. beach and sole) and plaice (for trammels use occasionally boats part-time so or 20 addition, In Selsey. from pot or net and trawl also boats Three District. the of west the in ports other of number a as well as station this increasingfromnumbers in used be beginningto are bass for set longlines Baited season. the during full-time bass target vessels pot Four arises. opportunity supplement the when to catches mullet and pollock mackerel, skate, these However, whelk. turbot, plaice, sole, for nets drift or trammel use will vessels recently, and, crabs and targettinglobster chiefly Selsey, from operate potters Fourteen 7.3.12 prawns, and whelks for season. lobster the of set end the towards especially also are Pots prices. high ensuring thus hotels, and is restaurants local to lobsters directly sold the of proportion high A rocky inshore. the close among reefs caught are crabs brown and Lobsters summer. the after Itchenor to move vessels these of Two . bass some do 4 and lobsters for pot one but All boats. beach 6 from is activity fishing commercial only The 7.3.11 in bass trips during the season. the during trips bass in specialise which of two boats, angling charter 4 with along weather. poor of periods extended in Chichester to move fleet Selsey the are Trawls addition, area. In sole. and plaice for Harbour nursery the outside fished bass a is Harbour Chichester the in although caught, fished are mullet are and cuttlefish where gears Harbour oyster and trawl Light bass. to bycatch a as often nets, are seine and mullet nets gill grey in taken and also nets gill oysters, using caught for are dredge bass vessels but the of Most gears. mobile and static for multi-rigged based part, most at the for are are, and here boats is part-time harbour 18 and Chichester full-time Six in Itchenor. facility mooring main The 7.3.13 Commercial anglers use Itchenor in summer and winter and summer in Itchenor use anglers Commercial

Selsey Felpham) Emsworth Bognor Regis (including Pagham and Pagham (including Regis Bognor Chichester Harbour (Itchenor) and (Itchenor) Harbour Chichester 39 7 sussex 2 7 + + 20 31 54 294 618 371 122 152 630 749 199 339 9,012 1,306 1,334 2,784 Landed value (£1,000s)

0 5 0 0

64 53 54 33 76 265 288 926 229 169 113 556 430 189 5,883 2,432 (t) Landed weight

Summary of landings in 2006

Total Cephalopods Nephrops Shrimps & prawns Lobsters Other crabs Edible crab Other bivalves Cockles Scallops Gastropods Shellfish Whelks Sharks & rays Other finfish Bass Small pelagics Other flatfish Turbot & brill Sole Other gadoids Finfish Cod QQ 7.4 40 8 hampshire, isle of wight and dorset markets or are transported to Billingsgate. to transported are or markets Britain) via the local ferry ports, whilst the finfish supply local theContinent (where better prices areoften offered than in largeproportion theofshellfish catch exportedis directly to industry.A the of future the concernformajor of isstocks finfish the balance. Consequently, the welfare of the shellfish the district, with other shellfish making up a further 25% and landings. species’ some of proportion considerable a contribute they that probable is it but fishermen, hobby and anglers for recorded not are of industry data Catch economy. local year-round the to importance considerable a now is which casual) (and vessels, charter angling in increase an been also has There that likely fleet. potting the in increased has effort fishing of level the is it improvements, technical Given now full-time. are fishing actively are that boats the of % 80 over and fishermen, part-time a of number the in seen decline marked has regime legislative stricter A mid-Channel. to out operating potters m 12 to up harbours, the in handedly single- worked and coast this of characteristic are which coast this along punts, m 4–5 from size in varying day-boats, not are which vessels few are There protection. offers any Bill Portland the only to and exposed south-westerlies, more prevailing is coast the lobsters. west, the and to bass Further oysters, sole, as such species for comfort high-value in work to boats smaller many enable relatively and provide conditions weather extreme but all in which water sheltered Harbour, Poole and Solent the contains Swanage and Bill Langstone and Portsmouth Harbours, Southampton Water, Selsey between coast The 8.1 ( 8. Crab and lobster provide half of the value of all landings in

Synopsis of currentinshorefisheries of Synopsis and Dorset: and Hampshire, Isle of Wight Hampshire,Isleof Emsworth to Lymeto EmsworthRegis Southern SFC Southern yeBay Lyme

Lyme Regis

Chesi West Bay

h Fleet The lB each otadBill Portland ) Weymouth Portland

Lulworth R.Frome Kimmeridge

Poole R.Stour

Swanage

wng Bay Swanage bream are caught in otter and pair trawls in spring and and spring black in trawls and summer. pair and mullet otter Red in caught rays. are bream and flatfish whiting, cod, landing fish, demersal for trawl dredging, to continue scallop others whilst winter, and in oyster to and, switch months trawlers some warmer the during flatfish for trawls beam and otter use boats Larger pollack. and ling cod, for wrecks around set are nets Gill fishery. cod its for renowned not is coast this though months, colder the ray. thornback Gill the nets are used to close inshore for cod addition and whiting during in landed are rays blonde and starry cuckoo, and months, warmer the during brill and turbot for set are nets more tangle are meshed they Larger active. when tides spring on greatest often are plaice of landings plaice when autumn, and to through spring sole from for used are nets trammel and Tangle 8.2.1 8.2 fishery. crab velvet the of expansion the and prices oyster of halving a cuttlefish; for demand increased boom; whelk the market; crab spider the of expansion the been have years recent in examples Typical conditions. market changing frequently has flexibility also allowed them to exploit new species and to cope with This fisheries. seasonal to corresponding methods fishing of number a work to equipped are inshore boats the of many and versatile, be to fishermen local R.Avon Mudeford The wide variety of fish along this coast has encouraged

Christchurch Information on species targeted,fishing species on Information methods and fishing restrictionsinshorefishing and methods

Demersal fish (eg sole, plaice, dab, sole,plaice, (eg fish Demersal ray, red mullet and black bream)black redmulletand ray, pollack, whiting, cod, brill, turbot, flounder,

Southampton Keyhaven R.Test Hythe The Solent Lymington Yarmouth Newtown

Cowes Southampto Wight of Isle Hamble

Wootton R.Itchen

nW ater

Bembridge Portsmouth Langstone Harbour Emsworth 41 8 hampshire, isle of wight and dorset wiped out the extensive oyster previously fishery The stock of American hard-shelled clams in Southampton Southampton in clams hard-shelled American of stock The Catches of cuttlefish and squid taken in otter trawls and Some fishing fleets, particularly those to the west and for oyster beds in Stanswood are Bay administered and by Calshot, fishermen’s co-operatives which and be may seeded from the wild stock. Most of the catch before Christmas is sold to the Continent, though the of recovery the Continental oyster fisheries has seen a decline demand in and a consequent 50% drop in first-sale restock to prices. oysters for coast east the from demand is There layings in the spring. Water, the northern part of the Solent and in Portsmouth and Langstone Harbours was subject to a very productive dredge fishery in the late has 1970s left it and much early reduced and 1980s, exploited. Scallop occasionally dredging takes place it mainly but is fishery, now opportunistic an only is this but district, the of west the in as the beds tend to be rather divers transient. by is years recent The in persisted has that fishery scallop one regular on rough ground in the summer. The Poole Fishery Order and order several both gives and Harbour whole the covers regulating rights for oysters, mussels, clams and cockles. Bonamia in the late 1980s, since when for mussel relaying fattening has become the main activity on layings over 500 that acres. The mussels extend are mainly acquired from to off Portland Bill. Clams, cockles and oysters are also farmed on a smaller scale. Manila clams established have in Poole recently Harbour, where become they provide a good winter fishery for around 30 small vessels. traps fluctuate widely, but they have provided a welcome spring fishery in recent restrictions constrain landings of species such as sole. years, especially when quota around the Isle of Wight, are almost entirely on dependent lobsters. This fishery attracts the greatest amount of effort during the summer, when many part-time fishermen participate. In some sheltered areas, lobsters are caught during the winter, when the higher market prices make it viable despite low catch levels. Brown crabs are targeted for much of the year and, increased towards since spider, the velvet and 1980s, green and Harbours effort shore the of some in prawns catch crabs. to used has are Pots bays, especially Poole Bay, where a closed season exists is periwinkles of exploitation The July. 31 to January 1 from 14 and September 16 between and hand by permitted only May. Whelk fishing has been important for some vessels over the last few years. scallops, cuttlefish, squid, cuttlefish, scallops, crab, lobster, prawn and whelk) eel) herring and sprat) Shellfish (eg oyster, mussel, clams, Diadromous fish Diadromous (eg salmon, sea and trout Pelagic Pelagic fish (eg bass, sandeel, mullet,

The Solent and its surrounding Harbours regions is in one the of UK few supporting a healthy self-regenerating native oyster fishery. This fishery byelaws setting a is closed season managed between 1 April through and 31 October; maximum dredge length (1.5 m per dredge and 3.0 m aggregate length per vessel); MLS (oysters that can pass through a circular ring of 70 mm cannot internal be diameter retained); and a ban 0800h). on In addition, night the larger fishing part (1600– of the Solent designated itself as is a regulated fishery with access limited licence to holders. Two several orders have been granted 8.2.4 There are licensed salmon and sea trout seine net fisheries net seine trout sea and salmon licensed are There and Avon the of estuary common the River, Beaulieu the in Stour (Christchurch Harbour), and in the joint the estuary Frome and of Piddle (Poole Harbour). There are licensed fisheries for eels in many of the estuaries within this district, taking yellow eels in fyke nets between and harbours spring and autumn and silver eels in traps in autumn. 8.2.3 8.2.2 The bass fishery involves gill and trammel nets throughout the region and provides income for many casual part-time and fishermen between species May is also important and to the charter November. angling industry. Problems with weed and the success of using sandeels as This bait for bass has prompted many commercial fishermen to switch from netting to rod and lining, which usually takes place at dusk and dawn. A total of 6 harbours, estuaries bays and in this district are bass nursery areas in fishing for bass from a boat which and using sandeels as bait are prohibited between 1 May and 31 October. Bass are taken further offshore by visiting pair trawlers that sometimes land into France. Sandeels are exploited in many harbours of and the bays using light trawls or beach provide seines bait to for the bass fishery. mullet are taken Grey in gill nets set in most and harbours. Gill nets golden-grey are used for herring and mackerel and sprat are taken in otter and pair trawls during the these fisheries suffer from colder low market demand. Mackerel months, though catches are mainly sold for bait. 42 8 hampshire, isle of wight and dorset in these areas to encourage the settlement of oyster spat,oyster settlementof encourage the to areas these in Bay). A mixture of dead shell (known as ‘culch’) is deposited entrance to Southampton the around Water cultivated (eg Calshot are and andStanswood vessels 16 to up by Solent the from dredged are oysters Native outside. place takes fishing local most but there, harvested are molluscs Water, of Southampton streamwithin activities fishing restricts traffic constantmarine a Although flatfish. and mullet bass for nets use others the and whiting, and cod of amounts small take nets gill using boats small Several Marchwood. and Hythe in based also are Southampton vessels the few ina thoughWater, in port fishing jetty main landing the is fisherman’s which Hamble, (2006) new a is There 8.3.3 boats. port. larger this into landed also are Whelks the for unprofitable be would which beds, oyster The obscure more season. the fish open often the boats oyster during smaller fishery public the in and fishery oyster regulated the in work boats Local trawled. periodically are sprats as such fish pelagic and nets, fixed are dredged, roundfish and flatfish are caught in trawls and designated bass nursery area. In winter, oysters and clams a is Harbour Portsmouth landing. for port this use regularly Harbour. the outside generally eels; for netting fyke and monkfish; and tope rays, for longlining potting; crab and lobster and occasionally and lining trawling include: autumn netting, gill plaice); and sole (particularly flatfish for netting to through spring from activities that Fishing Gosport. in registered fleet boats 12 also are inshore there and >12m, reducing two and m 6–12 of a boats 30 comprises supports Camber The 8.3.2 months. warmer the during crabs and lobsters variety of demersal fish in season, and pots are a set for both for trawl and a nets set designated boats Several area. been nursery bass has which entrance, its Harbour around the and within bass for fishery line and rod popular a is There pot. or net occasional the set and trips angling for fish to Harbour charter offer boats Many lobster. plaice, sole, mullet, bass, the from run boats where summer the during busy also such is It ports Chichester. and nearby Portsmouth from as boats by joined are they when season, oyster the during being effort main the time, full so do Harbour this from fishing boats 20 the of quarter A 8.3.1 8.3

Description of coastal fisheries by port by coastalfisheries of Description

Southampton Water (Hamble and Hythe) (Hambleand WaterSouthampton Portsmouth Harbour Langstone

In addition, 12 or so vessels so or 12 addition, In all imposed by the Southern SFC. Southern the by imposed of to the state of stocks and corresponding fishing level restrictions The summer. according year to year from fluctuates here activity the fishing during trips angling charter offer fishermen commercial some and popular is vessels charter specialist and private from angling Sport crabs. and native lobsters for potting and bass for lining for and netting oysters, dredging cuttlefish, and fish and white for trawling netting around centres activity boats Fishing 19 m. supports 7–12 of that harbour small a has Lymington 8.3.4 rm ml rwn bas n h cmo etay f the of Harbour. Christchurch to entrance the at estuary Stour and Avon common the in boats rowing trout small sea from for seining beach for issued are licences spring. Four the in months two to one for cuttlefish targeting number similar a and year, the of majority the for whelks targeting boats 3 or 2 also are There Poole. and Needles 3 or part-timers may trawl 2 or net for sole and bass between the plus full-time two and Ledge, Christchurch along lines on bass take boats seasonal some and full-time 10 crabs, and lobsters for pots set m 6–8 of boats Six boats. fishing commercial 20 around and boats pleasure mainly accommodating harbour large a enters channel narrow A 8.3.6 trips. angling charter bass and for mullet, and longlines for bass. Several boats offer nets gill rays, and plaice sole, for nets tangle set and trawls beam and otter use boats other and these year, the and whiting from December to March. For the remainder of cod for net or trawl or oysters dredge may vessels few A crabs. velvet and lobsters crabs, spider crabs, brown for The local fleet comprises of 5 boats all <10 m, setting pots 8.3.5 ihr) n h Rvr Ts ad thn Wek ae also are Whelks Itchen. landedinto this port. and Test Rivers the commercial in no fishery) (but runs trout sea and salmon are There area. nursery bass designated a is Test, and Itchen Hamble, rivers tidal the including Water, Southampton of part flatfish.The inner for nets set boats several bass, and for mullet nets for and nets line and rod longlines, use others the andbass, plaiceandsole, vesselsfortrawl summer,3 and spring the During June. to April from trawling by and traps in whiting.takenCuttlefishandare cod take boats nets gill using smaller several and trawls otter using boats three or Two Solent. the in beds surrounding from come which

Lymington MudefordChristchurchand Keyhaven 43 8 hampshire, isle of wight and dorset Kimmeridge and Lulworth and Portland Weymouth

Swanage

There is one licensed seine netsman operating in the One boat of 8–12 m uses otter trawl to target white fish white target to trawl otter uses m 8–12 of boat One may fish the Harbour entrance and Christchurch some taking out Ledge, angling parties, and catching sandeels off Hook Bank for bait. Most of Poole Harbour is a designated bass nursery area. These boats and trawling turn in the winter. As to many as 10 oysters, full-time boats crabs of 10–12 m set crab pots in spring 10 and miles summer offshore out south-east to of Swanage. 16 Large m) (up visiting vivier-equipped to crabbers (eg Jersey boats) sometimes work out of Poole and often land in France. Frome and Piddle estuaries, catching salmon and sea trout nets fyke eel licensed few A September. 30 to June 1 from are set on the Frome in the Wool area, and there are silver eel racks at East Burton and on the Piddle at Trigon. 8.3.10 One boat from Kimmeridge and three from Lulworth set pots and nets for crabs and Commercial divers gather lobsters scallops from in rough ground Swanage on Bay. number a are there and summer, the during Bank Lulworth of sports divers who gather scallops, crabs and lobsters. This is an area particularly favoured by shore anglers, who target bass, mullet, wrasse and pollack. 8.3.11 Around 84 registered boats are based in these two ports. The pot fishery provides the 40 over supporting now 1970s, the since rapidly developed principal income and has boats, of which 20–25 are >8 m. These boats set between 400 and 2000 pots each, in strings of 20–100 pots out to 30 miles offshore, principally for lobsters, and brown and spider crabs. Several are equipped with keep up to 5 t of live crabs on board, enabling vivier them to sell tanks to directly to buyers. A number of potters also set nets marketable for fish and pot bait, although netting is restricted by strong tides. The boats of <8 m fish inshore and each set 100–500 pots for lobsters and brown and velvet crabs. There are also approximately four 10–12 m boats fishing for whelks. Since plaice. and sole rays, whiting, with along cod, as such the late-1980s, species such as red mullet, cuttlefish and squid have become an increasingly important component 8.3.9 Of 11 registered boats, lobster pots off only St. Alban's Head. A further two 6 boats net work full-time for flatfish, use setting handlines and nets for bass, and lobsters pot during for the summer on a less three regularly. boats offer charter angling trips. Two or Poole Isle of Isle Wight

Potting is the main activity of the larger boats, which fish between the Isle of Wight and St Albans. There approximately are 6 boats that a concentrate large on part of whelks the year, for some quantities. of which Trawling land takes significant place in Poole full-time boats >10 m take Bay, sole, rays, plaice and cuttlefish where 4 during the warmer months. There along is the coast extensive except when netting weed becomes a problem in summer, and mid-water trawls for are sprat west of the sometimes Solent in winter. used The bass fishery is important to the local fleet, which uses mainly handlines and some longlines and nets, sometimes seaward of the Isle of Wight. During the bass season, up to 30 boats 8.3.8 There are around 90 registered fishing boats operating out itself. Harbour the within fish 30 which of Harbour, Poole of to SFC Southern the allows (1985) Order Fishery Poole The cultivation the for Harbour the within seabed of areas lease of molluscs, and to regulate wild mollusc fisheries through licensing and closed operating seasons.within the Harbour are Most punts, harvesting clams of potting and mullet, for netting trammel and gill cockles, and boats <8 m for prawns, lobsters and brown and spider crabs. eight Six boats regularly to drag commercially for ragworms (for angling bait). The mussel fishery expanded in since the late-1980s as demand for this species Poole Harbour has has increased. Juvenile mussels are taken Bill and from off other fisheries Portland and re-laid into the Harbour. Cockles and various species of clams are also grown on the layings, together with Solent oysters. 8.3.7 All but a few of the 54 registered fishing from boats working the island (the majority main being ports; Bembridge, based Cowes and in Yarmouth) use the static three gear. At Bembridge, around 30 regularly: the larger boats boats set up of to 1000 pots 6–12 whilst the m smaller boats set 50–250 fish pots, effectively saturating local grounds. Lobsters generally provide the mainstay of this fishery, although brown, velvet crabs and are also even landed. Six green to 8 shore boats set trammel nets for flatfish, rays, cod and bass gill, in season. Eel tangle and fyke nets are set in the River Yar, and 5 vessels fish the Solent regulated oyster fishery. Around 8 boats fish from Cowes and Wootten using pots and nets, and join two may the regulated oyster fishery in winter. flounders and Eels, bass are mullet, netted in the tidal reaches up using each m of <12 boats 13 has the Yarmouth Medina. River to 800 pots, netting and lining. A few additional part-time boats use static gear and charter angling trips. 44 8 hampshire, isle of wight and dorset dredging. scallop boats m 10 two are There crabs. spider target to on effort nets use of boats Three lot May. and a September between is sole there and ling, and pollack cod, for wrecks around nets set boats registered 16 the of Some 8.3.13 m. >10 of boats visiting more or 18 by scallops for fished heavily is area the and whelks for fishing boats three also are There ground. rough or wrecks to parties angling out take or seasonally main pots use m 6–8 of the boats 10 and activity is lobsters and crabs for Potting June. to from April used are traps Cuttlefish Brixham. from work may they bad, is weather the if when, Christmas after scallops queen target may boats These round. year all nets setting m 4 over boats 6 and boats m) (4 small 12–18 are There 8.3.12 round. year all sizes various of boats 30 to up involve and popular are trips angling Charter area. nursery bass a as designated a is Beach, Chesil by sea the from separated lagoon a Fleet, few A pot. or net boats also use gill nets and seines for bass and mullet. The odd the set and handlines use boats open smaller 30 and August, and June between area Bank Race/Shambles Portland the in fishing bass, for primarily dredge. to rough too areas in scallops harvest Divers regenerate. to left being are and scallops marketable-sized scallops, of cleared target been have beds scallop occasionally inshore most although boats other and Harbour, Poole in layings the supply to Bill Portland off spat mussel for and scallops for dredges vessel m 14 One catches. of Up to 25 boats of 6–10 m use rod and line or handlines or line and rod use m 6–10 of boats 25 to Up

LymeRegis WestBay Total Cephalopods prawns & Shrimps Nephrops Lobsters crabs Other crab Edible bivalves Other Cockles Scallops Gastropods Whelks Shellfish rays & Sharks finfish Other Bass pelagics Small flatfish Other brill & Turbot Sole gadoids Other Cod Finfish qq 8.4

Summary of landings in 2006 in landings of Summary

Landed weight Landed (t) 7,971 3,390 2,236 190 137 151 874 402 112 103 83 81 56 12 96 25 14

2 0 6

(£1,000s) value Landed 1,249 1,158 7,887 1,252 1,210 196 102 110 712 141 113 644 119 736 27 62 19 32 + 4 45 9 devon, somerset and Avon Sharpness Severn Bridge Alvington Chepstow

Weston-super-Mare R.Parrett

Axmouth

Seaton

eenEstuary Severn Beer

Branscombe

Bridgwater

Sidmouth Salterton

which are based in Brixham, Kingswear, Plymouth); Salcombe coastal and trawlers, beam trawlers dredgers; and and small inshore scallop day boats that use a variety of mainly static gears. The south coast of Devon is more sheltered than the north coast, most seasonal, and the main fisheries fishing gear used inshore are pots, are very Budleigh

Brixham R.Exe mpstone Exmouth Minehead Start Bay Ly Topsham Beesands Torcross Start Pt.

Torquay Teignmouth Salcombe Paignton R.Teign Kingswear R.Dart Dartmouth Lynmouth

R.Yealm R.Avon

Martin w

Combe R.Ta vy

Hope Cove

termouth

Ta R.

) Wa Appledore Plymouth

Bideford rridge R.To

mar R.Ta Eddystone Rocks Rame Head

Clovelly nher

R.Ly Hartland Pt. Devon SFC Devon, Devon, Somerset and Avon: Axmouth to Plymouth along the south and coast along to the Severn Clovelly Estuary along the north coast Synopsis of fisheries inshore current

This district is characterised by a rocky coast, often with deep water over a sandy bottom close many inshore, inlets and and estuaries. by The local fishing fleet can split be into three groups: offshore vessels (the majority of 9.1 (

9. 46 9 devon, somerset and Avon prevalent on the north coast. Nets set around wrecks yield wrecks around set Nets coast. north the on prevalent more are nets cod though spurdogs, and cod pollack, brill, prohibited. are activities fishing some which a within and Conservation, of Reserve Area Nature Special Marine a is waters adjacent and Island stocks. fish juvenile protect help to estuaries within and Bay Start as such areas specified in prohibited been also has gear trawl of in use The ownership). same the registered be to continue and byelaw this of date the are boats larger (although before year the coast during fishing were they providing exempt the of miles 6 within region scallops) (including fish sea for fishing m 15.24 this over boats in prohibits (1996) SFC boats Devon of byelaw A few pairs. in operate A abundance. seasonal and markets to according fish pelagic and demersal between maximum a therefore bycatch of 5% of and other species. Some otter scallops trawlers switch 95% of minimum a retain to required are they when scallops, for dredging and fish white between switch sometimes trawlers inshore Beam operating winter. early and autumn late the during industry West South the to important become has fishery restrictions on quota other more traditional increasing species. The cuttlefish following 1980s, late the since interest more attracted have bream black and mullet to Red March. September from common more monkfish and turbot of rays, plaice, sole, variety with year, wide the throughout fish a demersal land trawlers beam and otter Inshore 9.2.1 9.2 stocks. salmonid migratory bass are and bass preserve to introduced been have methods other estuaries and netting the governing measures of strict and areas many nursery bass, and mullet for popular is netting drift Though trout. sea and salmon for fisheries seine beach licensed are there estuaries Devon the of several In 2005. in Wales and England into landings crab total of 18% around for accounting alone Kingswear and Salcombe fishery from landings crab with effort, of brown lot a The attracts handlines. and longlines nets, Gill and tangle nets are set for sole, plaice, rays, turbot, rays, plaice, sole, for set are nets tangle and Gill

Information on species targeted,species on Information restrictionsinshore fishing deployedand methods fishing

Demersal fish (eg sole, plaice, turbot, brill, turbot, sole,plaice, (eg fish Demersal and dogfish) and bream,gurnardredmullet,sea monkfish, ray,flounder, , John eel, conger ling, pollack, cuttlefish,whiting, lemonsole,cod, intended for bass. for intended nets in landed often are mullet Grey fishing. bass for bait as sold often are and gear trawl light and seines beach in to introduced caught are Sandeels been stocks. salmonid migratory have preserve restrictions netting where or October, 31 to May 1 bass from prohibited are bait as sandeels many with or boat the a from bass outside for fishing where areas but nursery inshore, close nets and gill drift, seine in caught are Bass south. the in especially condition. prime in landed are fish the and are lines The equipped boats. with some 20–30 feathered hooks or similar pelagic lures large to the difficult against very it compete find otherwise would and district the which fishery, handline within industry fishing inshore the of part integral an forms the safeguards also regulation This mackerel. for seining purse and trawling prohibiting by stocks conserve thus and mackerel juvenile protect to intended is and legislation European under Box’ ‘Mackerel the designated was coast area English south-west an the 1970s, around the in trawling pair and seining development purse the of Following Devon. of coasts north and south the both on fishery mackerel traditional a is There 9.2.2 migrating into freshwater in winter and early spring. early and winter in freshwater into migrating used in a few rivers on the north coast when the are elvers are nets dip Elver autumn. and spring between fisheries are stocks. salmon local some and method, of state depleted the to due schemes fishing buy-back to subject and river to according vary to tend fisheries these for times closure weekly and annual The Estuary. Severn the in ranks putcher and nets lave also are There 2004. in years 10 for out bought were were complex Dart Tamar the on nets 23 the and and 2006 in out bought Teign the on 19) though of Torridge, (13 nets and the of Taw most Dart, Teign, Exe, Rivers the from trout sea and salmon take to licensed are nets Seine 9.2.3 unless permission has been granted to do otherwise. do to granted been has permission unless tide the of state any at surface water the below m 3 least at set be must nets areas, certain within Also, trout. sea or SFC byelaws so they do not impede the passage of salmon set be may nets inside the 6 mile zone only where authorised by the Devon Fixed monkfish. and cod ling, pollack, ern ad pas r tkn n ar n otr trawls, otter and pair in taken are sprats and Herring Many rivers throughout the district support eel fyke net fyke eel support district the throughout rivers Many

Pelagicfish (eg mackerel, herring, pilchards, Diadromous fish (eg salmon, sea trout,eel) sea salmon, (eg Diadromousfish sprat, bass, grey mullet and sandeel) greybass,mulletand sprat, 47 9 devon, somerset and Avon Sidmouth Salterton Budleigh Exmouth Beer

Three boats <10 m are involved in lobster the brown pot crab and fishery from spider and velvet spring crabs taken mainly as through a bycatch. A few autumn, with boats use fixed nets for demersal fish such as sole, plaice, rays, turbot, dogfish and whiting, and to pots. The bass fishery attracts many anglers in season supply and bait for commercial boats take out charter angling trips. 9.3.3 when fishery, whelk a operate m 6–8 of boats full-time Two the market dictates, setting over 400 pots each. Landings peak during the summer, when they can These exported. is expect which of most week, per t to 5–6 between land boats and a few part-time ones also set pots for crustacea from spring through autumn. 9.3.4 The predominantly part-time beach fleet consists of 4–5 m boats that set pots and a few nets. 9.3.5 This large, well-sheltered harbour accommodates 6 >10 m vessels and most of the local fleet of 28 <10 m boats that work from the estuary of the River Exe. Five boats of up to 15 m use otter and beam trawls, set pots and may also dredge for scallops. In addition to white species such fish, as squid and cuttlefish are non-quota landed, especially during the summer. Eleven licences were issued in 2006 for the use of beach seines to catch salmon and a few sea Estuary Exe the in Topsham and Lympstone between trout from 1 June to 18 August. Some licensees turn to and bass mullet or herring netting at the end of the Both commercial summer. and recreational rod and line fishermen target bass, though the Exe Estuary is a designated bass nursery area. 9.3.2 The 5 beach boats (all <10 m) set up to 100 pots each for brown crabs and lobsters and take bycatches of velvet and spider crabs. Some set nets for cod and whiting in winter, flatfish in the spring and herring in the autumn, and nets are also set over wrecks for a variety of fish including cod, pollack, bass, ling and conger. One otter trawler primarily lands flatfish, rays and and cod, dogfish whiting and from sprats in spring autumn fishermen onwards, and will winter. often haul The their gear early in the before morning they depart for daily which charter the fleet angling is becoming trips, more dependent upon throughout the summer. . Periwinkles Bonamia crab, crab, spider crab, crawfish, shrimp, prawn, oyster, mussel, scallop, whelk, cockle, and cuttlefish periwinkle, squid) Axmouth (Seaton) and Branscombe) Shellfish (eg lobster, brown crab, velvet Shellfish crab, (eg velvet brown lobster,

Description of fisheries coastal by port

Boats primarily using Newhaven dredges exploit scallops exploit dredges Newhaven using primarily Boats Oysters are cultivated in many of the larger estuaries, 9.3 9.3.1 Axmouth harbour shelters small yachts and a few fishing vessels, and one boat operates from Branscombe beach. and cockles, and to a lesser extent mussels, are gathered by hand. The south Devon coastline supports one brown of crab the potting largest fleets in the equipped UK, offshore comprising boats vivier- each setting out up to the to middle of 2000 the pots Channel and often landing catches their into France. On both there are numerous south smaller boats that set up and to 800 pots north coasts, each, usually within a few miles of the coast. The EU MLS for brown crabs taken off this coast is 140 mm carapace width whereas the national MLS for male brown crab 160 is mm. The fishery peaks during the warmer although pots are still set months, during winter in sheltered areas. A Devon SFC byelaw increases the MLS of lobsters to 90 mm carapace length. Velvet, green shore and spider crabs are also landed. Tangle nets are spider used crabs, for and prawns crawfish and and whelks are taken in areas using some pots. permitted). longer no is dredges French of use (the inshore Scallops are found on loose shingle and spawn dead in shell the spring and and are then of poor quality. SFC Devon byelaws, therefore, set a close season from July to September for scallops, and also limit the type, size and rays, plaice, sole, time, this At allowed. dredges of number turbot and brill appear inshore and some boats switch to beam trawling, when a bycatch of 10 dozen scallops per landing is permitted. Queen scallops are primarily taken as bycatch in trawl fisheries. Cuttlefish are taken in traps and nets by small boats working within one mile of the shore. the to resource important an become have they squid, With inshore otter trawling fleet as scallops are becoming less profitable. Many of the merchants and processors based in the larger ports now deal with these species during the summer when the large beam-trawling fleets work further offshore and land their catches elsewhere. Pacific oysters being preferred to native oysters as they grow faster and are not affected by 9.2.4 48 9 devon, somerset and Avon 1 m n msl fsig attm. h mjrt set majority to through The spring from lobsters and part-time. crabs brown for fishing pots mostly and all m boats, <10 15 to up accommodates harbour tidal small A 9.3.8 coastline. the along cruises pleasure offer also boats larger the and resort, tourist popular this from work in involved are that boats angling charter few A seasonally. potting and netting m <10 boats mackerel. open few horse a are and There mackerel sprats, for where pair-trawling from harbour, the use sometimes boats Scottish two autumn, In here. based m) >10 (1 trawlers local three This large harbour is mainly used by pleasure craft with only 9.3.7 Wales. and England in areas growing oyster important most the of one now is this and laid, been has sea to out extends that pipe-line outfall sewage new extensive a and operation cleaning an undergone has river the However, run-off. agricultural and effluents sewage by caused quality water mollusc cultivation in the Teign Estuary used to be the poor facing problems main the of One hatcheries. from oysters seed using late-1970s the in here cultivated be to began seed and oysters Pacific Exe. order, River the from fishery obtained are mussels mussel Teign the by covered nets. six the of three of buy-out a following 2006, in August 31 to March licensees used seine nets for salmon and sea trout from 15 hand. This estuary is a designated bass nursery area. Three by periwinkles gathering and bass for handlining and whelks, crustacea for potting sandeels, and mullet bass, for of boats 4–6 m that open use a variety of fishing methods such as 12 netting are There dredges. for scallop trawls and pair sprats fish, demersal for trawls otter and beam using Brixham from fishing time their of most spend here yacht many registered are that m) 10 over (2 containing trawlers 5 The moorings. as well merchant as and companies, supports shipping dredging that including bay industries large a numerous contains Estuary Teign The 9.3.6 whelks. and crustacea for pots set boats oysters are also re-laid for on-growing in the estuary. A few the quality of the meat poor until the following year. Pacific rendering spawning, second a trigger can summer the of end the towards temperatures water high where Estuary, Exe the within people several by cultivated are Mussels usl ae amd n 8 ars f es ht are that beds of acres 385 on farmed are Mussels

Paignton Torquay Teignmouth June, a number of vessels set cuttlefish traps. cuttlefish set vessels of number a June, in some cases, trawls, in addition to pots. Between April and miles offshore. Ten boats use gill nets, tangle nets, handlines and, 6 to out crabs brown for mainly pots 10,000 to up setting fishery, pot the on concentrate some and wrecks, netsspeciesforcod, suchpollackas ling,and often around set Several gears. of variety a using Brixham from fishing vessels m <10 40 overalso areThere winter. in sprats for trawls mid-water use are boats Brixham the bream of Several landed. sea and mullet red squid, cuttlefish, including species non-quota fish, white to addition In shore. the of miles 12 within often trips, day on majority the Eddystone, Brixham. at They work refuelwithin Lyme Bay and and west towards the land Exmouth and Teignmouth Brixham, in and effort allocation. Most of the 40 otter trawlers registered dredging during the summer in order to preserve sole quota scallop to switch trawlers beam the of Some miles. nautical powerful beam trawlers are prohibited from fishing inside 12 this port periodically fish of inshore, while out the majority operating of more m 35 and 15 between of trawlers beam 25 the of Twelve ground. rougher and much on flatfishworked be can catching for trawls otter than gear effective more atrawling, beamiswhichengaged in andboats new bought fishermen many 1980s, early the During market. fish daily large a supplying background trawling traditional largestthesouth-westtheofportsone in a Thisis has and 9.3.9 areenforced jointly bytheMFA and SFC. regulatedare through statutory licenceMFA conditions and agreementsThesezones.trawling anddesignating potting agreements to led has fishermen trawl and pot between boats smaller potssetlobsters.for Competition the groundforStartoff Point and retained, also are crabs velvet and spider crabs, brown to addition In Dart. River the of mouth Start to outPoint, and a handful pots of open boats set 50–100 600 pots near the than fewer fish boats smaller The live storage facilities and often land directly to the Continent. in order to save fuel. Some of these boats are equipped with each in the mid-Channel area, often hauling on alternatepots 1500 and 800daysbetween set m >10 of boats 7 Around mainbrownthecrabfisheriesofUK.one the thisareaisin Salcombe, in fleet potting the with Together pots. setting Kingswear is mainly a brown crab port with around 30 boats 9.3.10 for commercial fishermen since the 1980s. the since fishermen commercial for important increasingly become have trips angling charter and fish, pelagic and demersal for nets set few A autumn.

Brixham

Kingswear and Dartmouth and Kingswear 49 9 devon, somerset and Avon Clovelly Plymouth

In summer, a number of the local trawlers change to The inshore fleet uses a variety of methods including Around 12 boats dredge for scallops within 14 miles Around 10–15 boats set pots for crabs and lobsters 9.3.15 One <10 m trawler and a activity Fishing small port. Devon North this from operate potters number of netters and outside the shelter of Bideford Bay is limited during winter, the when poor weather and big tides result in many 9.3.14 Over 50 fishing vessels (including boats registered elsewhere) regularly and fishing activity land into can be split Plymouth into offshore and inshore. The offshore fleet is made up of 25 boats using otter trawls, beam scallop dredges trawls, and mid-water trawls and include 2 mid- water freezer trawlers. In winter and spring, Scots vessels occasionally visitors other and trawls, pair using bass target target anchovy, pilchard and herring. around from scallopers visiting by joined are and scalloping, lobsters and crabs for pots set boats 10–15 Around UK. the from April to the end of December. During late summer to The mackerel. for handline sporadically vessels 8–10 spring others by joined be may that trawlers beam local 8 has port from Brixham. During autumn, these vessels land quantities of quota species, supplemented by cuttlefish. good trawls, dredges, gill nets, tangle nets, handlines, longlines and pots. Around 10 boats dredges of upto 9–14 20 m miles offshore. use The trawls majority catches and land into their the daily fish market. Inshore otter trawlers take white fish such as plaice, whiting, lemon sole, turbot, and monkfish for most of the year, and species such red mullet as and cuttlefish have recently become important. Pilchards are occasionally targeted in winter and several trawlers also use nets and lines at times. of the coast, and some trawling for switch flatfish during the to spring, the Eddystone beam area trawling/otter being very productive. Scallop dredging has become more reduced have restrictions quota as 1980s the since popular the amount of white fish that can be landed. Some boats are totally dependant on scallops, landing white fish as a bycatch. inshore of the Eddystone, most in association with other static fishing gear, such as nets and longlines. Three boats may engage in the handline handlines are fishery also used for for bass, mackerel, although the and Plymouth river estuaries are a designated bass nursery area that is closed to bass fishing from a boat and for netting all year round to protect salmon and sea trout. Hope Cove and the River Avon Salcombe Torcross and Beesands Torcross

Pacific oysters are cultivated within the river and nets The small cove at Hope gives shelter boats, and for today only a two few boats of fishing 6–7 m operate people a few a Estuary, Avon the In fishery. net and full- pot time grow mussels and oysters, and there is a licensed salmon trap fishery, although the rights have has been purchased by EA South Western exercised. The estuaries of the Rivers Avon and Yealm are Region and are both designated bass nursery areas. not currently 9.3.13 9.3.12 Situated at the mouth of Kingsbridge Estuary, Salcombe supports a fleet of around 12 potting boats, 6 of which are >10 m. Some of the larger boats land in France, whilst the rest of the fleet lands to live storage facilities in the port. Numbers of pots fished vary on greatly depending the size and capability of each vessel, but the larger boats usually set over 1,200 each, and inshore boats set 200–800 pots. although used, commonly most is pot inkwell traditional The main the provide crabs Brown inshore. used are pots parlour income, spider although lobsters, and velvet crabs are also important to the inshore fleet. Like the Kingswear potters, despite trawlers, with problems has also fleet Salcombe the the designated potting/trawling areas, visiting especially boats dredge when the areas for scallops. inshore boats Four set tangle nets for flatfish, fyke nets for eels, or five and gill nets for cod, whiting and pelagic fish. The estuary is a designated bass nursery area, cultivation and of Pacific oysters, is native oysters used and mussels. for the Natural stocks of native oysters, are by periwinkles harvested hand. There is a mussels, small scallop cockles and Devon by restricted and licensed estuary, the within fishery SFC from mid December to mid March. 9.3.11 There are a few beach boats, all <8 m, which work from the shore, setting pots for crabs and for lobsters demersal and and nets pelagic fish, mackerel. Nets set and around wrecks yield cod, using pollack, ling, handlines for and conger. are used both in the Dart Estuary and outside it for bass, mullet and sandeels. The estuary is nursery area. a Three licensed designated seine nets bass took salmon and sea trout in the Dart Estuary between 15 March August, with and a weekend closure 14 between 0600h Saturday and 0600h Monday, following a buy-out of 10 licences in 2005. 50 9 devon, somerset and Avon November. or October in ashore brought are most and Island, Lundy around often offshore, miles 20 over to lobsters and crabs brown for set are Pots m. 6–15 of potters two 5 and supports trawlers tides large to subject harbour sheltered A 9.3.17 Torridge. and Taw the in trout sea and fisheries. other for mussels seed of source a as area this in interest been recently has There cultivated. are oysters mussels Pacific and and scale, small a on estuaries the in exploited areas. nursery bass designated are Estuaries Taw and Torridge the of Parts trips. angling charter out take boats the of some when summer, the during mackerel and bass for used are handlines and crabs, and lobsters for set are occurs herring during for autumn and for bass during spring and autumn. netting Pots Drift important fisheries. an net in providing bycatch sometimes crustacea with eel, conger and including pollack, rays, turbot, sole, fish plaice, whiting, cod, demersal take to lines and nets set boats smaller The landings. trawl in bycatch important an form bass and round, year all quantities greatest the in feature Rays catch. demersal mixed a landing Channel, Bristol the one trawlers, m >10 potter and 2 or 3 netters 4 use both quays. All vessels fish in and m <10 4 of total A Estuary. Taw Estuaries and Bideford lies a few miles up the Torridge Appledore is situated at the joint mouth of the Torridge and 9.3.16 sold. subsequently are and pots the in caught sometimes usually is are eels Conger elsewhere. landing trawlers from obtained dogfish or mackerel gurnard, as such restaurants. bait and Pot hotels local to sold is landed crustacea the of proportion high A important. also are crabs velvet and brown although catch, main the provide lobsters and October, to May from pots 200 and 100 between boat fishes Each refit. annual an for ashore hauled being boats n 06 3 en nt iecs ee sud o salmon for issued were licences net seine 3 2006, In are cockles and oysters mussels, of stocks Natural

Ilfracombe AppledoreBidefordand they move upriver during the winter and early spring. early and winter the during upriver move they when elvers catch to used are nets dip Bridgwater, below Just hand. by gathered are molluscs and Burnham-on-Sea, and boats Highbridge between inshore, part-time close nets and Several pots set October. to July from sole rays and mullet, shrimps, catch to of stake-nets or ranks stowe maintain fixed fishermen two Point, Hinkley of east the to Flats, Stert On parties. angling out taking and pots setting Minehead of out work boats part-time small Two 9.3.20 restaurants. and hotels local to sold sometimes are Catches mackerel. and bass for handline and bait, pot or the herring for net odd to the shore, close lobsters for principally pots, set that m 6–8 of boats two accommodates harbour tidal sheltered This 9.3.19 favourable. is weather the when lobsters for pots of number small a with seasonally fish boats 6 to Up 9.3.18 Estuary, above Sharpness. above Estuary, around November to March, principally in the upper Severn from elvers catch to used are nets dip licensed 500 than More Berkeley). (opposite Lock Lydney below Alvington at and Beachley, north-east and Aust at and Bridge, Severn the south-west of ends the at putchers salmon are There 2006. in putchers) (eg engines fixed 5 and nets lave 21 nets, seine trout 3 comprised sea Estuary Severn and the in salmon fishery licensed The for bait. mark angling water as low use the along taken are ragworms and summer, in Weston-super- bass and off winter in place cod for particularly takes Mare, activity angling of lot A 9.3.21

Minehead and Bridgwater and Minehead Lynmouth Watermouthand Martin Combe Severn Estuary (Weston-super-MareEstuarySevern to Sharpness, Sharpness to Chepstow)to Sharpness Sharpness, 51 9 devon, somerset and Avon 1 3 1 2 127 793 678 931 618 481 157 5,357 2,358 5,866 2,866 3,464 3,033 1,611 5,403 33,749 Landed value (£1,000s)

0 0 1 1

69 97 61 144 575 194 579 805 3,062 1,891 2,847 1,230 1,031 1,289 24,225 10,348 (t)

Landed weight Summary of landings in 2006

Total Lobsters Nephrops Shrimps & prawns Cephalopods Other crabs Edible crab Other bivalves Cockles Scallops Gastropods Shellfish Whelks Sharks & rays Bass Other finfish Small pelagics Other flatfish Turbot & brill Sole Finfish Cod Other gadoids WW 9.4 52 10 cornwall n sure. ytr ad usl ae adgtee or beds. cultivated and natural from dredged hand-gathered are mussels and Oysters estuaries. in red mullet and spider crabs. Bass and grey mullet are taken brill, turbot, rays, pollack, ling, cod, catch to used are nets tangle and Gill bass. and mackerel pollack, for handlines using and lobsters and crabs for pots setting with majority the coasts, both on proliferate day-boats Small such cod. species as northerly also and Dory John and pilchard as such species southerly of distribution the in included is fisheries resources that tend to be very seasonal. This area sheltered more the to west of range wide a provides and south, the in Channel English the in Ocean Atlantic the from exposure, of degrees varying to subject is coast This 10.1 Cornwall: 10.

( Synopsis of currentinshorefisheries of Synopsis Rame Head to Bude to Head Rame of Scilly SFC Scilly of Cornwall SFC and Isles Isles and SFC Cornwall se fScilly of Isles ) ennCove Sennen adsEnd Land's

Pendeen CovePortheras Cove

Newlyn Ives St on' Bay Mount's Cove

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PrussiaC iadPt. Lizard Helford u t 3 mls rm h soe A onal F byelaw SFC Cornwall A shore. the from miles 30 to out set pots with months warmer the during highest is activity Potting m. <12 boats of mainly consists fleet coast the north where the on anchorages and ports limit estuaries species such as cuttlefish and squid. Exposure and shallow non-quota towards directed being have effort sole more in and resulted cod plaice, as catches such species dwindling traditional late-1980s, of the since and, and the in based of are trawlers miles inshore the 6 of Most within coast. nets ring or seines purse using m trawls, >18.28 boats prohibits byelaw SFC Cornwall A coast. Cornish entire the around used increasingly are being trawlers multi-rig and Twin Scotland. as and afield Brixham far as from visiting vessels with years, recent in

ove Portreath Mullion FalmouthPenryn t Flushing Cove Scallop dredging along the south coast has intensified has coast south the along dredging Scallop tAgnes St Mylor Coverack Porthallow Porthoustock tMawes St

tAtoysHead Anthony's St PortscathoR.Fa

l Portloe Portquin Charlestown ornHaven Gorran Mevagissey Portgaverne

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Fowey r Boscastle Polkerris

Polruan Is. Lundy

Ly R.

Polperro Bude nher

Po Looe

rtwrinkle Ta Downderry R. mar Head Rame 53 10 cornwall crab, crab, spider crab, crawfish, cuttlefish, squid, oyster, mussel, scallop, whelk, and mussel, cockle periwinkle) eel) Scallops are harvested from inshore grounds using handlining boats use lures or live sandeels or mackerel as bait to catch bass. A Cornwall SFC byelaw, and a similar Environment Agency byelaw, stipulates a MLS for bass as 37.5 cm, which applies in Cornish estuaries and out to 6 miles offshore. 10.2.4 Shellfish (eg lobster, brown crab, velvet 10.2.4 Shellfish crab, (eg velvet brown lobster, Pots are set along close to the shore the and for brown entire crabs generally further coastline, offshore. Local for tourism lobsters provides a the good market summer during and the this pot attracts fishery. many A through winter, part-timers when limited pots are set in intosheltered lobster areas. An fishery important pot continues fishery for velvet crabs destined for export operates all year round. Spider crabs are caughtexport for the market using pots landings and made tangle during spring nets, and with summer, appear peak when to they form dense spawning particularly on the north coast. Tangle nets also catch the aggregations inshore, much sought after (and now rare) crawfish. Boats fishing by issued permit a require crabs and crawfish lobsters, for CornwallSFC, andfishermen arerequired tosubmit catch and effort data. Newhaven dredges. All of the locally-based <16.46 vessels m overall length are (a Cornwall SFC byelaw prohibits larger boats fishing for shellfish inside 6 therefore miles) allowed and to are dredge up to the of shoreline. A the few boats which use dredges in may other also fisheries, be but involved periodically when white fish switch are either to scarce or quota scalloping limits restrict landings, or in winter when the weather prevents them 10.2.3 Diadromous 10.2.3 fish Diadromous (eg salmon, sea and trout licensed a supports River the coast, south the Along salmon and sea trout seine net fishery, and licensed drift nets are used in the on Cornwall and EA the the trout, sea and salmon protect to order north coast. In SFC have introduced netting restrictions such that in many coastal areas (usually around estuaries) nets can only be used providing they are set at least 3 m below the surface of the water at any state of the tide. Fyke nets are set for eels in most of the larger rivers and estuaries, from spring through to autumn. herring, pilchards, sprat, herring, and mullet pilchards, sandeel) lemon sole, ray, cod, whiting, pollack, ling, ling, pollack, whiting, cod, ray, sole, lemon dogfish, conger eel and mullet) red Pelagic Pelagic species (eg bass, mackerel, Demersal Demersal fish (eg plaice, sole, turbot, brill,

Information Information on species targeted, fishing methods and deployed fishing inshore restrictions

Bass and mullet are caught in fixed and drifted gill nets Gill nets, with a mesh size of 120–160 mm are set over inshore and in estuaries, although netting restrictions issued restrictions netting although estuaries, in and inshore to protect salmonids and bass in designated bass nursery areas effectively preclude this fishery in many estuaries, where bass fishing from a boat or using sandeels as bait are prohibited between 1 May and 31 December. Small Many small boats handline appear for inshore mackerel along the when south shoals coast and between spring, autumn and during the spring north and coast. Daily summer landings off can the amount man to 1200 when kg using per between 20–40 Trawlers and small boats hooks using drift nets take herring on and each line. sprats. Sardines and horse mackerel are taken within the Mackerel Box by industrial trawlers, most from of which Scotland are or Denmark. Small purpose-built vessels are ring-net increasingly targeting pilchards (marketed as Cornish sardines). 10.2.2 Beam trawling for monkfish, sole megrim, became popular during the early-1980s and lemon has been sole and responsible for the increase in landings since then. Otter trawlers exploit more seasonal fisheries, whiting landed with in autumn and winter cod and flatfish and rays and and squid as such species Non-quota round. year all landed lemon sole are very important at certain times of the year. rough ground and wrecks for cod, pollack, ling and rays. Some of the larger netting boats work out miles offshore, fishing as gill nets in far -water grounds as 70 to the south-west and south of Ireland for hake and rarely operating inside 12 tangle miles.nets are set for sole and plaice on smooth grounds, Small-meshed (<120 whereas mm) larger ones (>200 mm) are set for rays, turbot, monkfish and brill. Trammel nets are rarely used. Boats of 6–8 m can set over 16,000 m of net, although the average is probably in the region of 3000 m. 10.2.1 10.2 increases the MLS of lobsters to 90 mm carapace length, and female for width carapace mm 160 and mm 150 to and brown crab respectively. 54 10 cornwall wrecks. on and shark blue or mackerel for trips charter specialised offer vessels several and port, this to important is tourism Angling Estuary. Looe the in place takes eels and sandeels for Netting summer. through spring from rays as well as brill and turbot sole, as such flatfish for and winter the in cod for inshore close set are nets Gill summer. the during the when shoals appear winter inshore. Handline jigs are also used for squid and autumn in mackerel for handlines use part-timers so or 10 additional an and pots, use few a to through spring autumn. from scallops for dredging to switch trawlers Four monkfish). bass, sole, lemon few (eg fish a prime with whiting, mainly of catches good taking area, the in pair-trawl may vessels Many summer. and spring in important more become squid months, and cuttlefish colder flatfish, the and during catches of bulk the up make sole between lemon and whiting coast Cod, Point. the Lizard and of Eddystone miles 12 within fish majority the but offshore, miles 40 to out fishing boats larger the trips, day on mainly operate m 9–15 of trawlers otter Fourteen 10.3.2 minimal. is winter in activity fishing and summer and Four boats of 4–5 m set pots for lobsters and crabs in spring 10.3.1 10.3 coast. the along sporadically hand-gathered are periwinkles and Cockles recovery. of signs showing is by Estuary) (Fal Roads Carrick in devastated dredging hand and dredgers were fisheries Bonamia oyster native Though increased. has processors and merchants local and fleet inshore the to importance their quotas, by restricted not are species trawls. demersal in bycatch out’ ‘cutting a as taken occasionally are scallops Queen sea. at scallops of practice the use banning can and miles, vessel 6 a inside dredges of construction and number the restricting byelaws introduced fishery. has SFC scallop Cornwall the The of development the helped all have 1999, until scallops for licence introducing in delay the and quota Increasing limit. restrictions on white 6-mile fish, the expansion of markets dredge abroad, the vessels outside beds Larger scallop offshore. further trawling from Twenty smaller boats use nets and handlines or longlines, estuaries. few a in cultivated are mussels and Oysters these as and, squid and cuttlefish land trawlers Beam

Description of coastal fisheries by port by coastalfisheries of Description

Looe Downderry Portwrinkleand during the 1980s, the small fishery using sailing using fishery small the 1980s, the during ending on 31 August. 31 on ending both June, 1 on salmon for and March 2 on starts Fowey bass River the on designated trout sea for season fishing The area. a nursery is which Estuary, Fowey the in trout gear. static away towing for blamed sometimes are boats scallop-dredging Visiting conger eels and ling, and pots for lobsters and brown crabs. bycatch. whitefish small a land also vessels These coast. this been off densities have high in which found scallops, for abroad found been have markets new and fish), have of scarcity a landings of result a fish (as fallen white Inshore trawler. full-time one and trawls and scallops for dredges that boat m >10 one harbour Estuary Fowey the of side either ports two These 10.3.4 nets. uses one and scallops, 12 miles of the coast, one of these periodically dredges for within cod and rays sole, sole, lemon plaice, whiting, for trawl m 10–12 of boats Four boats. four additional an by mackerel for used are Handlines year. the of times other at handlines to switching spring, and winter in flatfish and Three boats of 6–11 m set gill and tangle nets for roundfish 10.3.3 from all but one of the trawlers, the majority of boats use boats of majority the trawlers, the of one but all from Apart each. pots 500 over using boats larger the of some of with lobsters, and bycatch crabs brown for set are significant Pots crustacea. a take also inshore set Nets Celtic Sea. the of south-west edge shelf the off tuna for also of one and Ireland, of south the to hake for fishes boats larger the and season, in species fish white various for set are nets tangle and Gill coast. the of miles 30 within work fleet the of rest the offshore, miles 70 as far as out work boats netting larger the of five or Four full-time. pots and lines nets, use m 5–17 of boats 46 Around squid. and sole more are trawling lemon cuttlefish, as such species non-quota on dependent on carry that During boats spring. the in summer, taken the whiting, are rays squid, and sole, brill lemon turbot, plaice, and bulk winter, the in up landings make sole of lemon and squid whiting, Cod, times. at Newlyn to move may all though round, year all virtually fish demersal land m 9–14 of trawlers otter Seven 10.3.6 rays. and monkfish for seasonally nets uses boat one and Two full-time 6 m vessels work pots for crabs and lobsters, 10.3.5 Two licensees use seine nets to catch salmon and sea and salmon catch to nets seine use licensees Two cod, for nets use ports both from boats smaller Five

Polperro Mevagissey CharlestownPar and Fowey/Polruan 55 10 cornwall Helford and Porthallow Porthoustock Coverack Falmouth

The upper reaches of the Fal Estuary are a designated 10.3.15 Out of 14 boats landing into this , 5 full-time <10 two and nets gill set m >10 one and m 8–10 of vessels m boats use pots and nets. The larger gill-netters the spend and summer in offshore well monkfish and hake target rest of the year fishing for a variety of demersal fish within 30 miles of the coast. The within 12 smaller miles of operators the use coast all nets year round. boats Two catch potting mainly brown crabs, spider crabs and lobsters. some One vessel also uses handlines for spring bass onwards and from for mackerel in the oysters and autumn. mussels are cultivated in Native the Helford Estuary, which is a designated bass nursery area. 10.3.16 Three boats <10 m from Porthallow Porthoustock, all of and 4.5–7 m, predominantly use handlines up to 9 from for bass and mackerel and also set pots for brown crabs, lobsters and velvet crabs in spring and summer. Several boats also set tangle nets for turbot, rays and brill. are Bass caught on lines around the Manacles Reef – a outcrop rocky less than a mile offshore, from spring through to autumn. 10.3.17 Seven full-time boats of 5–7 m fish pots spring and through nets from to autumn, and may handlines. mackerel plus gear, similar work that part-timers be joined by three Fishing activity is minimal during the brought ashore to avoid damage. winter as gear is 10.3.14 Out of the twelve or so boats working from this port, two of >10 m dredge for scallops. There are three netters and one potter of >10m. The 6 remaining <10 nets, m longlines, pots boats and handlines. use The majority of static gear boats set nets part-time for a variety of species, and also use rod and line or handlines for bass and mackerel in season. Some boats charter angling trips. bass nursery area. There is a native oyster fishery in the , which employs up to 70 men (12 smacks and 11 punts in 2005) who harvest the oysters by hand or using sail-powered boats. The fishery is managed through the Port Fishery Order (1936). In addition fleet, to Anglo-Spanish the netters local and trawlers make frequent landings at Falmouth. during the 1980s. Bonamia Penryn Flushing Mylor

Portscatho Gorran Gorran Haven Portloe

Three boats set nets for demersal fish. There are There two of boats 12–15 m, for one scallops dredging eel. conger and ling for longlines or nets using other the and 10.3.13 10.3.12 10.3.11 Three boats use nets and three set pots, the largest netter (of >12 m) fishing the deep-water grounds to the south- west for hake and rarely operating inside pollack cod, for nets gill use and m <10 are fleet the 12 of rest miles. The and ling, tangle nets for rays, turbot and monkfish, or set between 250 and 300 pots each for lobsters and and brown velvet crabs. Two scallop dredgers also operate from this port. 10.3.10 Two boats of <15 m dredge for scallops within 12 miles of the coast, between Looe and Lizard Point. One of these fish, demersal for trawl otter or beam a use also may boats depending on profitability, and two other boats use trawls all year round. Four vessels use static gear. River is a designated bass nursery area, and native oysters The Percuil are cultivated there, but stocks have remained low since the outbreak of 10.3.9 Three part-time boats of <5 m work pots and nets. Four boats fish regularly from between this 250 and small 400 cove, pots each setting within the a few shore miles for of brown bycatch crabs of velvet and and lobsters spider crabs. and Gill and, and taking sometimes, tangle longlines a nets are set for turbot, monkfish, sole, pollack, rays, ling, cod and spurdogs, and handlines are occasionally used for bass and mackerel in season. 10.3.8 10.3.7 Six boats of 3–4 m use nets and pots from spring through to autumn and one may also handline for mackerel. handlines for mackerel during the autumn and winter an in area south-east of Eddystone to scallop Lizard dedgers also Point. operate Three from this port. Many boats charter angling trips, especially during the summer when the harbour is popular with tourists. 56 10 cornwall es rm hs ot te agr ot fsig ae gill hake fishing boats larger the port, this from nets fallen. have landings fish white as processors and merchants local and fleet fishing inshore the both to important sole increasingly lemon become and have squid cuttlefish, non- as such 1980s, species late quota the Since months. warmer the during predominating whiting and rays plaice, megrim, sole, with and lemon sole make up the bulk of landings during winter, rays megrim, plaice, whiting, Cod, coast. the of miles 12 within fishing regularly m <16 boats the species, of variety a land m 9–25 of trawlers otter 16 Around sole. and sole lemon megrim, monkfish, for offshore exclusively operate and length in m 25–29 are trawlers beam local 23 the of Most handlines. and nets mainly work vessels part-time Looe, Brixham, 25 further A from Islands. Channel the and fish Ireland Mevagissey, boats daily visiting the with into along catches market, their land boats 50 gear and trawlers static 40 around of fleet regular A based. are Cornwall and in England boats offshore in of majority ports the fishing where Wales, largest the of one is This 10.3.23 handlines and nets pots, works m seasonally. 4–5 of boat One 10.3.22 crabs. brown for mainly pots and fish demersal for set are nets tangle and gill autumn, to through spring From lines. and nets pots, use m <10 all boats part-time 14 and potters full-time Four 10.3.21 October. and May between pots 250 and sets 150 between other the whilst pots 375 setting one crabs, brown and lobsters for pot principally boats beach full-time Two 10.3.20 nets. and pots few a set m 4–5 of boats part-time Four 10.3.19 and flatfish for and spring. in monkfish whiting in and set pollack are cod, for Nets winter autumn. are through crabs spring brown from and targeted August, in again and May during peaks fishery lobster The crabs. velvet and spider brown, rocky lobsters, landing and 200–500 setting boat each this pots, with along is gear fishery main The offshore. static miles few a to fish out coastline m 5–7 of boats Nine 10.3.18 Up to 60 boats, between 5 and 25 m, set enmeshing set m, 25 and 5 between boats, 60 to Up

Newlyn Michael’sSt and CovePrussia Mount Porthleven Cove Mullion LizardPoint Cadgwith rm h frt ek n oebr o h tid ek in week third the Newlyn. of out to work to move boats some when March, November in week first the from closed is harbour small this weather, the to Due pollack. and mackerel bass, for handlines and crabs and lobsters for pots fish, demersal for nets use m 5–7 of boats Nine 10.3.24 and flatfish during the warmer months. The Isles of Scilly of Isles The months. warmer the during flatfish and crawfish for nets setting part-timer one and boats lobster lobster and crabs and a few nets. Tresco has two part-time for pots parlour and inkwell working mainly boats part-time 8 with together Mary’s, St at based are m, 10 over netter tangle single a and potter, crab full-time one and trawlers pot for lobsters and net for grey mullet. Two full-time stern two and monkfish, and turbot crawfish, for nets tangle use for crab and lobster and tangle nets for crawfish, two boats pots inkwell and parlour sets St boat part-time On one Martin’s, crawfish. for nets tangle and lobster and crab for one has full-time and one part-time boat, all setting Bryher parlour pots and boats part-time two has Agnes St them. or Spain. All five inhabited islands have boats working from France either to lorry vivier by then and Newlyn in buyers of vessels majority fish part-time for shellfish, The which are transported to Scilly. inshore of Isles small, the 25 from working around vessels and full-time three are There 10.3.27 only. handlines uses vessel One bass. and mackerel for handlines use all may they and dogfish, and pollack rays, cod, for nets gill sets also one velvet), and spider (brown, Six boats of 4–5 m set pots for lobsters, crawfish and crabs 10.3.26 mackerel and bass months. for warmer the during handlines sets boat beach One 10.3.25 hnvr hy r aalbe A e bas a ue drift shark. use blue for lines may boats few A available. Bay are they Mount’s whenever in Mackerel boats visiting appear. and local bass by exploited or are mackerel if handlines and netting using inshore, and fish inshore boats both remaining crabs The brown offshore. for pots set m, 12 over are which of 6 boats, 18 About longlines. use also boats m are capable of setting up to 15,000 m of net each. Some 8–12 between of Boats mullet. grey and bass herring, as such fish pelagic for and wrecks, around sometimes fish, demersal for nets gill set fleet inshore The crawfish. and lobsters of bycatch important an well take often rays and and offshore turbot monkfish, for nets tangle and nets

Mousehole Isles of ScillyIslesof CovePenberth Cove Lamorna 57 10 cornwall Portquin Padstow Portreath St Agnes Newquay

The Camel Estuary is a bass nursery area, and the cockle cockle the and area, nursery bass a is Estuary Camel The 10.3.37 One part-time beach boat sets pots. 10.3.36 Thirty vessels operate from this such gear static using majority the Cornwall, of coast north important port on the as nets or pots. Some of these boats were originally built for trawling, but dwindling catches of sole, cod, hake and in netting to switching fishermen in resulted have mackerel areas of rough ground not fished by trawlers. The netters boats larger the and pollack, and cod monkfish, turbot, take fish offshore for hake. Between Christmas and the end of March, up to 20 visiting beam trawlers participate in the local sole fishery. Fourteen boats are pot involved fishery during with the summer, the the smaller ones working perhaps 250 pots each on the inshore larger grounds and and faster the vessels work anything up to 1000 each pots as far away as Lundy bring Island. their pots Nearly ashore between all Christmas and March the to boats avoid the worst of the weather and also to avoid damage are shellfish the of Most fleet. beam-trawl visiting the from exported weekly by vivier truck to Europe direct from the quay. Five boats handline for mackerel and bass. bed within small a is There the exploitation. its control estuary to byelaws of making is currently licences closed net drift 7 and river the pending on fishery seine-net sandeel the are issued for salmon The fishing. salmon fishery begins 1 June and ends 31 August, and it is closed between 0600h Saturday and 0600h Monday during the season. 10.3.33 Three boats of 5 m use handlines for mackerel during the summer, and for pot bait. 10.3.34 Three boats of <6 m work pots during the summer. 10.3.35 partially though that, port this from work boats Twenty-one which tides, strong to subject is headland, the by sheltered restrict activity on the set also may and turbot, and pollack for nets gill fishing set m 7–11 grounds. Most boats of pots for lobsters and crabs or whelk. Fishing effort inshore is intense and boats are continually setting offshore gear thereby increasing further the risk of gear being towed away by trawlers. Finfish landings go to Newlyn and Looe markets whilst most shellfish are collected export to France and Spain. by The spider crab fishery is very lorry for important in spring and summer. Hayle Portheras Portheras Cove (near Pendeen) St Ives Porthgwarra Sennen Cove

10.3.32 Around 20 boats tie up on both sides of the , of which two trawl, a dozen set nets and handlines. There are shellfish storage facilities pots on and the rest use the quay from which and vivier-equipped lorries transport shellfish to the Continent. The larger boats, including two of >10 m, set pots out to 15 for brown crab, miles whereas the smaller boats offshore, working closer principally inshore take lobsters, crabs (brown, spider and velvet) and crawfish. Tangle nets are also used to catch crawfish and spider crabs. Pots are kept inshore during the spring sole beam-trawl fishery in order to prevent them being trawled away. A dozen boats <10 m may work up to 10,000 m of nets each, some the entire year round. The nets are set on rough ground where trawl gear cannot pollack, ling, turbot, monkfish, rays and be cod, together with used, for a valuable catch of spider crab in spring and some bass in summer. A fleet of 30 boats use handlines for mackerel during the summer, when 18 part-time vessels may join them. netting for Gill bass has been restricted in the Bay in order to protect salmon and sea trout that were taken as a bycatch and auks that sometimes winter there. There are charter- angling boats that are heavily dependent on the mackerel. Two beach boats work pots, nets and handlines. 10.3.31 10.3.30 10.3.29 A small slip supports three full-time and up to 8 part-time/ hobby boats of 4–6 m that use activity fishing nets, little is There pots autumn. to and through spring from handlines in winter due to the lack of protection from the weather. Gill nets are set over rough ground and catch to used are wrecks nets Tangle eels. conger and ling pollack, for cod, turbot, rays and crustacea. Pots are set for lobsters, crabs and crawfish and handlines used for mackerel when they appear. 10.3.28 One small part-time beach boat uses pots and handlines. SFC has byelaws that prohibit vessels greater than 11 m and 10 tonnes (except those fishing with within 6 miles of baselines, set a minimum historic landing rights) from size for lobsters of 90 mm; more than 4 scallop and dredges within 4 nautical miles of the prevent vessels using baselines. 58 10 cornwall from fishing out of this port. this of out fishing from conditions, weather poor solely employment sustain to difficult very it makes which by limited are opportunities months. warmer Due to the exposed nature of the harbour entrance, fishing the during bass and pollack mackerel, catch to handlines use and herring, and bass rays, turbot, Six boats of <9 m set pots primarily for lobster, nets for cod, 10.3.41 lesser a to and, coast. the of miles pots few a within nets extent, mainly setting m, 4.5–7 of boats part-time two with and, summer the during trips angling One full-time vessel of nearly 10 m is involved in chartering 10.3.40 pots. work boats beach small Four 10.3.39 summer. the during bass and mackerel for season, as well as crawfish. Five vessels may also handline a in herring and cod plaice, also rays, for netting of amount small is There day. per pots 400 approximately hauling pots, 1200 work each vessels and larger two the while Isaac each, Port pots 400 to between 250 between set vessels crab smaller lobster, The Lundy. spider for pots and work crab m, brown <10 mainly boats, Thirteen 10.3.38

Bude Boscastle Portgaverne Isaac Port Gastropods Whelks Shellfish rays & Sharks finfish Other Cockles Scallops Bass pelagics Small flatfish Other brill & Turbot Sole gadoids Other Cod Finfish qq 10.4 Other bivalves Other Nephrops Lobsters crabs Other crab Edible Shrimps & prawns & Shrimps Total Cephalopods

Summary of landings in 2006 in landings of Summary

Landed weight Landed (t) 11,173 1,800 1,298 1,916 1,967 452 855 772 139 284 213 217 750 415 34 49

0 0 0 4 8

(£1,000s) value Landed 28,325 4,509 1,375 1,212 2,561 1,354 4,674 3,577 2,446 3,587 565 371 597 732 725 21 + 0 0 9 9 59 11 south wales

R.Wye Chepstow

R.Usk Bay

Cardiff Cardiff

Newport

R.Taff R.Ely Barry

Breaksea Pt.

R.Neath R.Ogmore

lbot Ta Porthcawl rt

Po R.Tawe Swansea The trawler fleet concentrates its efforts in the Bristol The majority of otter trawling effort is by Devon and

beam trawls from spring through to the end of thewhiting and cod take trawls year.otter and nets gill using Boats during the colder months. Large-meshed tangle nets are used for rays and large flatfish suchfishery has expanded as since the turbot.mid-1980s and is Themostly ray prosecuted by three larger trawlers that 3–6 miles work from shore. betweenStake nets set along sandy shores such flatfish take commonly and tide low at to tended are Wales South areas, many In plaice. and dabs flounders, as SFC byelaws prohibit netting between April and October, and a MMS of 100 mm is in trawls place for and all nets, purse except seines. Herring andsubject sandeel to additional nets byelaw are restrictions. In Bay, the <10 m Carmarthenfleet uses longlines with up to 400 hooks per line for ray. Channel and Cardigan Bay throughout the year. and These trawlers (mostly lands <10 m) fish a mainly inshore, and competition mixed outside 6 miles from the catch coast can be intense, especially when attracts the visiting sole beam trawlers fishery from the Devon south coast and of Cornwall and prohibit boats over 15.9 Belgium. m overall m length fishing South within Wales 3 miles SFCof the coast, and beam trawls with an aggregate within VCUs 150 exceeding vessels and m 4 over of length 6 miles in the SFC District, unless by historical usage. Cornish vessels operating twin rig increasing Belgian activity in the gear. 6–12 mile zone, as some There is also Belgian beam trawlers have trawls (one changed from each beam), to thereby circumventing towing the requirement otter to be outside the 12 mile limit when trawling. beam Head

nclawdd R.Gwendraeth Mumbles

rt Llanelli Pe Bristol Channel Po Pwll Oxwich Burry rryside R.Tywi Fe

St.Ishmael ur Inlet Burry Gower Peninsula Llansteffan Bay

f Carmarthen )

R.Ta Saundersfoot R.Nevern Laugharne Moylgrove Pendine Newport

Amroth E.Cleddau eshwater East

Tenby Fr W.Cleddau Llangwm Stackpole Quay Fishguard Angle Little Haven Haven Milford Haven Abercastle Norton Dale rthclais

Po Solva

Porthgain Broad Haven

Abereiddy St Bride's Bay

St Davids Skomer Is. Ramsey Is. The Smalls South Wales SFC sole, flounder, sole, dab, cod, whiting, pollack and dogfish) Demersal Demersal fish (eg plaice, rays, turbot,

Chepstow to Moylgrove Chepstow to Moylgrove Information Information on species targeted, Synopsis of fisheries inshore current fishing methods and deployed fishing inshore restrictions (

11.2.1 Flatfish and rays (principally thornback) are taken in fixed nets (eg tangle, trammel and stake nets) and otter and 11.2 Strong Strong tides around grounds within potting are valuable but there opportunities, the Severn and coast, Estuary and Pembrokeshire Peninsula Gower the rugged limit fishing mollusc fisheries take place in some estuaries and bays. Except from Haven, Milford most takes fishing place close with very inshore 6 few outside boats working Even miles. then, inshore fishing activity is often curtailed during effort Part-time weather. westerly the prevailing the to due winter unemployment high from suffering areas in high particularly is An involvement. full-time support cannot fisheries where and increase in demand from Continental markets (particularly France and Spain) and the demise of Milford Haven’s distant- shellfish the of expansion the to contributed have fleet water industry in South Wales, which is now considered to be types the Various importance. economic local greatest of fishery of nets are the used to throughout district take bass, rays, have restrictions netting However, crustacea. and flatfish cod, within particularly of much the coast, along introduced been bass. juvenile and salmonids protect to estuaries, around and proved has fishery line and rod bass the 1980s, late the Since extremely popular amongst commercial and fishermen, a small fishery sandeel has seine-net and been recreational bait. supply to developed 11.1

11. South Wales: 11. South Wales: 60 11 south wales crab in Milford Haven. South Wales SFC stipulate a MLS a stipulate SFC Wales South Haven. Milford in crab green for potting some is there and Bay, Swansea in and Pembrokeshire N. in prawns for set also are Pots offshore. rocky the around crawfish for Pembrokeshire coast and for spider crabs both inshore and used are nets and Pots islands, whereas brown the crabs are around caught both inshore and and offshore. inshore caught be to tend crabs velvet and Lobsters months. warmer the during peaking activity with lobsters, and crabs for potting on heavily rely coast Pembrokeshire the from working fishermen Most cockle,prawn,lobster, crab, (eg Shellfish 11.2.4 Cleddau. and Taf, Wye, Tywi, Rivers the on only place take now fisheries salmon South Wales estuaries and reflect local culture. Commercial as such methods, coracles, seines fishing and hand-held (lave) nets, are employed in salmon licensed of variety A 11.2.3 nets. gill in inshore and trawls mid-water in taken occasionally are Sprats summer. the during mackerel on dependent highly is sector angling chartered the and hand-lining by and nets drift in caught fixed are Mackerel and low. is demand but Haven, Milford in drift netting and Bay Swansea in netting drift of form bass. of quantities significant selling and taking has effort Enforcement fishermen unlicensed of bait. numbers high previously reduced as sandeels increased has for October angling demand bass to of May popularity during The prohibited inclusive. is bait as with or sandeels boat a from bass for fishing where byelaw, SFC Wales South by augmented nursery legislation, national bass by areas as designated are estuaries other several and Rivers Three Inlet, Burry The high species. this for demand and gear fishing of cost low and restrictions, these to due late-1980s the since rod distance expanded has fishery bass line and and The requirements. length marking trout), and nets sea between juvenile and protect salmon to areas and estuaries bass certain around in and permitted in net (especially of type the specifying restrictions netting numerous a are as There nets. taken in bycatch sometimes are Mullet year. the throughout longlines and, more recently, in high lift trawls, increasingly on line, and rod by nets, drift and fixed in caught are Bass 11.2.2 Fyke nets are set in the Port Talbot area for eels. for area Talbot Port the in set are nets Fyke the in usually effort, of amount small a attract Herring

Diadromous fish (eg salmon, sea troutand sea salmon, (eg Diadromousfish greybass,mullet,herring, (eg fish Pelagic sprat, mackerel and sandeel) mackerelsprat,and eel) whelk, mussel, oyster, scallop and squid) oyster,scallopand mussel, whelk, at alternative harvesting methods, which would have to be to have would which methods, harvesting alternative at Fisheries Government. looking actively are Assembly interests environmental and regulators Welsh the Stop by a of Order imposition the through SACs in curtailed was produce live with markets European supply to razorshell including species, clam various for fisheries dredge towed beds. Zostera and Maerl on located are they as sites terminal LNG new the of area the in restricted been has Haven Milford within dredging Scallop area. sea territorial restricts both dredge numbers and tow bar length within the which OrderScalloping Wales a waters ofimposition the Welsh through in dredging scallop on restrictions also are There Reserve. Nature Marine Skomer around prohibited are dredges and trawls beam of use the and scallops queen October 31 and throughout July the SFC district, and 1 the landings of betweenscallops and scallops of large landing the a when 1980s mid involved.prohibitByelawsvisitingwerevessels of number to early the during extensive more far was DredgingHaven. Milford and Fishguardinto landing winter, in particularly Bay, Cardigan in scallops for were t 2000 around of 1996. in recorded catches peak though 2006, in upon price, which at £600/tonne attracted up to 12 vessels dependent is Effort grounds. inshore on used are boat per pots 1000 to Up each. pots 2000 to up set and winter the Milford and during fisheries latter the prosecute vessels Larger Haven. Fishguard Gower, the off offshore and Bay severely be to it consider management. of need in or depleted they if bed shellfish a close oysters, temporarily can Committee native the and cockles, for and mussels MLS set byelaws SFC Wales South years. recent in re-opened beds seen have improvements quality water where estuaries, few a from harvested are oysters and mussels of stocks wild and Cultivated quality. Process’), or have to be re-laid into areas of approved (‘Torry water treatment heat eg process, to purification have a Directive, undergo quality water Hygiene poor of areas Shellfish from taken EC bivalves the Under exploited. at beds Ferryside, Llansteffan cockle and 1993, Laugharne have have since been and, increasingly cockles interest more improved, attracted have closures. night opportunities and market seasonal As to subject district, the in elsewhere allowed is cockle of gathering Hand Sundays. on not though cockles, gather hand who holders licence scheme. V-notching lobster subsidised a run has years, 5 last the for and, lobsters for length carapace mm 90 of eet neet n h dvlpet f yrui and hydraulic of development the in interest Recent dredge boats visiting Scottish (mainly) and local Several Since 1995, a whelk fishery has developed in Carmarthen 50–55 supports Inlet Burry the in order regulatory A 61 11 south wales Swansea and Gower Peninsula Llanelli and Burry Port

Two or three boats <10 m work a variety of enmeshing Up to 15 boats set pots around Gower Peninsula, Since 1993, cockles and mussels have been harvested 11.3.4 Trawlers of 8–12 m occasionally use Burry there Port, are where up to recently 25 constructed marina and vessels up to of 50 smaller, trailer- 6–10m launched moored boats in use rod the and line mullet or and pollack. Fishing activity is mainly part-time from nets for bass, grey spring through to autumn, when otter trawls are used in Carmarthen Bay for flatfish and rays, plus the occasional 11.3.3 The Swansea fleet comprises 11 otter trawlers of 8–12 m, which are confined to fishing grounds within 3–4 miles of the coast, targeting plaice, sole, turbot, whiting and rays along the sandbanks from spring through monkfish autumn, and with lemon sole taken over rougher ground. winter, cod, In whiting, plaice, rays and dogfish predominate in landings. A few trawlers periodically switch to herring and sprats during the colder months, although demand for these species is low, and one or two occasionally dredge for oysters off Mumbles Head, in Swansea June between squid Bay catch vessels of number A Porthcawl. and off and August and there is also a small cuttlefish fishery. gear. Gill nets and drift nets are used for herring cod, bass in and season and netting are there although brill, tangle and rays turbot, for onwards nets are set from spring restrictions around the mouths of the the along set are length in m Rivers 200 to up of nets Stake Tawe. Neath and shore, usually within bays, taking flatfish, bass and mullet. Bass are also caught on rod and line between spring and autumn both by commercial and recreational boats from Swansea, Oxwich and Burry Port, fishing off the Peninsula. Gower This fishery has expanded since the late 1980s following the success and as availability bait. Floating of lines live are also sandeels set offshore in the Bristol Channel. for shark in summer three of which base themselves at the potting season. Lobsters Oxwich provide the mainstay throughout for the are crabs shore green and velvet brown, and boats, smaller also taken. A significant pot fishery for shrimp has recently developed with catches sold locally and as bait for bass. around south Gower and particularly lugworms, in is Swansea dug Bay, from private the and several foreshore. orders bait, Four for mussel cultivation established in have Swansea been Bay since 1994. Mussel seed is taken under SWSFC authorisation from intertidal and sub- littoral areas. Cardiff, Barry, Cardiff, Porthcawl and Port Talbot Chepstow Chepstow to Newport

Description of fisheries coastal by port

Salmon and sea trout are taken in 7 licensed lave nets Cuttlefish are in caught pots to in from Cuttlefish Milford St spring This industrialised area supports around 25 licensed boats, the majority of which are gear and <10 otter trawls. Nets m are set and for plaice, rays, fish dabs, flounders with and static bass in summer and winter. There are cod netting restrictions to protect and salmonids whiting in seaward of the Taff, Ely and Ogmore estuaries and along national Also, Porthcawl. and Talbot Port between coast the bass nursery area legislation prohibits bass fishing at any time within one nautical mile (where radius warm water effluent is of discharged from Aberthaw Breaksea Point power station) to protect juvenile bass there. The 5 that trawlers principally take congregate plaice, rays, cod and whiting and occasionally switch to dredging for oysters off Porthcawl and in Swansea Bay, and may trawl for shrimp in Cardiff Bay during spring and derive a autumn. large part of their Several income from chartering angling boats sandbanks along popular is angling recreational and parties, off Porthcawl. 11.3.2 11.3 11.3.1 Gill nets for bass, disappeared mullet in and this flounders great and currents (strong regime tidal the though byelaws, area have due almost to amplitude) near the enforcementmouth of the Severn and its tributaries of EA was always a limiting factor in this fishery. Three <10 m vessels work part time from the Usk at small Newport, beam using trawls for flatfish and brown also shrimps. take out They charter angling trips, especially for cod that have remained relatively abundant in the area. in the Wye Estuary between 1 June and 31 August. From 2000, local interests bought out drift netting in the mouth of the Usk and in Newport Bay and the putcher rank just upstream of Uskmouth. Elver fishing with dip nets is very popular on the tidal reaches of the Wye between Bigsweir and Tintern during March - May. Fyke nets are also fished on the Wye to take yellow eels in spring and summer and silver eels in autumn Brides Bay. Squid are taken on lines with jigs and in pelagic in and pelagic jigs with on lines taken are Squid Bay. Brides trawls between June and August off the Gower coast and around Lundy. sustainable and in keeping with environmental obligations. sustainable and in keeping with environmental obligations. Trawlers target native oysters in winter in Swansea Bay and Milford Haven. 62 11 south wales up to 9 seine nets and 6 coracles, and one wade net and net wade one and coracles, 6 and nets seine 9 to up estuary. the to entrance the at particularly bass for used are nets Bay drift and rays, and Carmarthen turbot plaice, for in set are Nets October. 31 and May 1 between byelaw SFC by prohibited is boat a from fishing sea where area nursery bass designated a is estuary joint Rivers Three The mullet. and bass flatfish, take nets These the of estuaries the Rivers Taf, Tywi within and Gwendraeth, nets and along Pendine stake Sands. only permit SFC Wales South autumn. to through spring from nets use and coast this from launched regularly are boats small 6 to Up 11.3.5 beds. cockle on disturbance minimise to order in digging bait for areas allocate to had has SFC the and 1980s the since ragworm increased has and Inlet Burry within lugworm for digging Bait on-growing. for sold being frequently mussel seed the with vessels, from dredging and gathering hand SFC-authorised by addressed is this cockles, of loss causes mussel of settlement heavy If availability. to according Point, Whiteford at and Pwll off adjusted are and effort during the season to help fishing stocks last. Mussels are gathered limit to used are quotas Daily abundant. may are stocks if which year the during increased recommended, be is biomass) standing the (30% t of 2500 around of TAC a year, average an annual In catch. appropriate an recommend to order twice in stocks year cockle each of survey a and, out (1965) carries Cefas, Order with Fishery Cockle Inlet Burry the under licences annual through fishery the regulates SFC Wales South The processors. local by the and themselves fishermen by processed and rakes using hand by gathered are Cockles Penclawdd. from mainly working Inlet Burry the in legislation. Sellers and Buyers of Registration the of introduction the has following reduced area somewhat been this in bass for fishery The bass. bait, for angling especially for sold and beaches exposed from seines beach in taken are Sandeels byelaw. SFC a by part inshore from the in October fishing 31 and May sea 1 between prohibited is and boat area a is nursery Inlet bass Burry The designated rays. and bass for fishery line long significant a with along estuaries, the outside mullet and Wales SFC byelaw). Drift nets are often employed for bass South under Inlet Burry in permitted are mullet nets and stake (only bass rays, flatfish, for used are Nets in winter. taken frequently are whiting and Cod bass. of landing iesd amn ihre i te yi sur involve Estuary Tywi the in fisheries salmon Licensed gatherers cockle licensed 55 and 50 between are There Laugharne), Pendine and AmrothSands and Pendine Laugharne), Ferryside(Threeincluding Rivers ot fcs n as sn mlil ln lns f 20–25 of lines mackerel). (small bait live with hooks long multiple using bass on focus boats out takes fleet Six mackerel. targeting the mostly summer, in of parties angling Some SFC. Wales South the by Caldey. Sandeels are caught using off beach seines authorised Patches Offing and Rock Drift around line and rod by are taken also Herring are Bass mullet. autumn. during and targeted occasionally bass spurdog, for nets gill and rays, and turbot plaice, for months warmer the during set are nets Tangle summer. the during part-timers several by joined are and pots lobster local and whelk All and nets weather. set boats the of because or Bay Carmarthen in harbour this use trawlers rather than Milford Haven, for its convenience when fishing small Several winter. during landed are whiting and cod whilst summer, in dogfish and out to 12 miles offshore, taking plaice, turbot, rays, whiting One of the 12 full-time boats of 5–10 m uses an otter trawl 11.3.6 zone in the last two areas, and may land their catches at catches their land may and areas, two last the in zone 12-mile the entering often Ireland, of south and Channel Bristol the in Scotland, of west Sea, Irish the in fish boats These port. this in based are origin or ownership Spanish of vessels British-registered 43 around of fleet offshore An 11.3.8 bait. for beaches local from nets seine in taken are Sandeels Shoals. Govan around angling bass for EastFreshwater and Lydstep from launched are boats pleasure and trips on angling which most boats depend during the chartered summer. Small for as well as hotels, and restaurantsinspecies these forprovidingdemand location populartourista aroundCaldeybass isIsland. areafor This bass and pots for lobster and crabs, and rod and line is used autumn, nets are set in Carmarthen Bay for flatfish, rays and tothrough springFrom pots. whelk set ortrawls otter use m occasionally two <10 and lines) all and nets boats (pots, gear static part-time use 6 around and full-time Three 11.3.7 been around 1000 t (with a peak in 2005 of 8000 t). 8000 of 2005 in peak has a (with t 1000 around been harvest average annual the cockle 1994, Since Lansteffan. substantial, often occasional, and Ferryside Estuaries, Gwendraeth and Taf the in fishery an is there and July. 31 on close both and , June 1 on salmon and March 1 on one coracle in the Taf Estuary. The sea trout season begins hn vial, usl ae ahrd f S Ishmael St off gathered are mussels available, When

Saundersfoot Milford Haven (including Dale and Angle)Daleand Milford(including Haven Tenby,FreshwaterStackpole and East Quay 63 11 south wales Newport Newport and Moylgrove Abereiddy and Abereiddy Porthgain Abercastle Fishguard

11.3.14 One seasonal full-time lobster potting boat works out of Moylgrove and there are approximately 6 other full-time or part-time vessels that fish lobsters. Other beach boats seasonally occasionally put to sea during for crabs mackerel bass, for line and and rod or nets use and summer the and pollack. The single licence available to seine net salmon for and sea trout in the River Nevern taken up in recent has years. not been 11.3.11 Four seasonal full-time and up to 10 part-time boats mainly set pots for lobsters and crabs, although a small number also use nets for rays, crawfish, pollack and bass, and drift nets are occasionally used for herring in autumn. Fishing virtually ceases here in winter. 11.3.12 Three full-time boats set up to 500 pots each for lobsters, brown, spider and velvet crabs. The cove is north and exposed north-westerly winds, to and the boats relocate to Fishguard in winter. Handlines are used for bass, pollack and mackerel. A dozen or so small part-time base themselves here during the boats summer. may 11.3.13 There are 2 vessels of around 15 m that use beam trawls for sole, plaice and rays from March switch to scallop dredging during the winter. Visiting beam to November, and trawlers often base themselves in spring this sole port fishery and during the the winter scallop fishery. or 4 boats of up Three to 10 m use otter trawls as well as tangle nets and longlines, the latter being used for spurdogs and rays during the warmer months. Out of 21 potting boats, two are >10 m and principally target brown crabs, setting up to 1,000 pots each out to the Smalls 30 area. More than half miles of the smaller boats offshore work around full-time and potting continues through winter sheltered areas or further either offshore. These boats set in up to 600 pots each and take lobsters, brown crabs and velvet crabs. Pots are set for prawns in the autumn when they command a high price on Continental despatched in vivier markets lorries along with and crabs and lobsters. are Tangle nets are used for method spider that crabs has become and increasingly crawfish, popular a rays, flatfish, cod, since for used are nets of variety A late-1980s. the bass and herring in season. Solva, Porth Clais Solva, and St Davids

Haven Little Haven, Little Haven Broad and Norton

11.3.10 Six full-time and up to 20 part-time boats of 5–14 pots m for set lobsters, spider and brown crabs, and also smaller land quantities of velvet crabs. for crawfish, Tangle spider crabs nets and lobsters, are especially around set Ramsey Island. The inshore grounds here are too rough to occasionally are nets set and Bay, Brides St in except trawl, used for flatfish, rays and bass. A few boats may use drift nets for herring in autumn. These small coves support 3 or 4 full-time 8–10 m vessels regularly that m 4–6 of boats beach part-time 12 a to up and use pots, nets and handlines. Various types of set and drift nets are used in St Brides Bay and along the shore for cod and herring during the winter and bass and flatfish spring from through autumn. Bass and mackerel are taken on rod and line, and lobsters and crabs in pots. Set nets are used around Skomer Island for crawfish and spider crabs, and also for bass and pollack. 11.3.9 Milford but more often in Spain. Three or four local inshore trawlers between 8–12 m fish Swansea within Bay and Carmarthen the Bay, Bristol Channel for a mixed of white catch fish. One or two dredge for scallops during winter the and set longlines for spurdogs, rays, cod, eel and conger ling. Forty boats are involved in the pot fishery, only 2 out each pots 1200 which to up set vessels larger The m. >10 are to 30 miles offshore around the Smalls. The smaller boats brown lobsters, for coast the of miles few a within pots set crab and, recently, velvet crabs. A few tangle nets are set far is crab spider for netting but crawfish, for areas rocky in more widespread. Many of the <10 m fleet are involved in netting. The Milford Haven herring fishery uses gill nets and is centred around Llangwm from February until April, although supply often exceeds demand. Gill bass netting and mullet for also takes place, but it is upstream of the Cleddau Bridge to not protect salmon and sea permitted trout. An area in Pembroke Bay around the power station outfall is a designated bass nursery area where fishing for sea fish from a boat is prohibited between 1 May and 31 October. Seven compass nets are licensed to take salmon and sea trout in the upper 1 June to 31 August and have a weekly closure from 0600 regions of the Haven from on Saturday to 1200 on Monday. Native oyster beds in the Haven support a small autumn fishery. 64 11 south wales Cod Finfish qq 11.4 Other gadoids Other Turbot & brill & Turbot Sole Other flatfish Other Small pelagics Small Other finfish Other Bass Whelks Shellfish rays & Sharks Gastropods Cockles Scallops Other bivalves Other Edible crab Edible Other crabs Other Total Cephalopods prawns & Shrimps Nephrops Lobsters

Summary of landings in 2006 in landings of Summary

Landed weight Landed (t) 4,579 247 491 365 432 210 925 898 294 369 28 13 40 32 51 30 49 97

6 0 3

(£1,000s) value Landed 1,048 1,712 7,921 472 348 183 992 280 332 445 375 140 568 446 350 48 89 50 41 + 3

65 12 north wales, cheshire and lancashire

R.Lune

R.Ribble R.Kent Preston Lancaster Glasson Overton Hesketh

Morecambe

R.Wyre

hmS Annes St tham

Ly Liverpool Flookburgh R.Leven Knott End Marshside Southport rmby Blackpool rkgate Bay Blundell Sands Ainsdale Fo R.Dee Chester Pa Roosebeck Heysham Wirral Morecambe

Kirby

Sunderland Pt.

Barrow-in-

W. Rock Channel Flint

Fleetwood R.Duddon Quay Connah's

SalisburyBank Greenfield lney Is.

Wa Mostyn

Hilbre Is.

Llannerch-y-mor East Hoyle Spit Talacre

R.Clwyd

Rhyl Rhos-on-Sea Colwyn Bay

R.Conwy

R.Mawddach R.Dyfi

R.Dwyryd

Conwy

Bay

Llanfairfechan R.Dysynni

Conwy Penryn

R.Glaslyn Barmouth Borth

aa Sands Lafan Port R.Ogwen R.Rheidol

Aberdyfi afBay harf Aberystwyth Tywyn

R.Ystwyth

Bangor R.Dwyfor dW Re trait

R.Seoint Caernarfon Criccieth

Beaumaris

) Aberaeron

iS Mena Portmadoc

R.Gwyrfai evor Bay New Quay Amlwch Tr Cemaes Head Bay Anglesey Aberffraw ifi Dinlle Dinas Llanbedrog Pwllheli of Cardigan Isle Man Rhosneigr Llangranog Abersoch

R.Te

Aberporth Nefyn Peninsula Lleyn Cemaes Bay Bay rth Llanddwyn Bay

Caenarfon Po Aberdaron Neigwel Cardigan s. Holyhead Malltraeth Sands Morfa Nefyn HolyI rth Dinllaen Po rth Ysgaden rth Colmon Po Is. Po Bardsey North Western and North Wales SFC and Lancashire: and Lancashire: to Cardigan Barrow ( 12. North Wales, Cheshire 12. Cheshire North Wales, 66 12 north wales, cheshire and lancashire and North Wales (NWNW) SFC Byelaw 9 prevents vessels prevents 9 Byelaw SFC (NWNW) Wales North and and take cod, whiting and rays as a bycatch. North Western for zone, example during 12-mile the spring sole and autumn the plaice fisheries, within fish may trawlers otter beam and Visiting available. less are shrimp when flatfish to whiting switch and periodically beamers cod shrimp and Some winter. autumn, during to spring sole from plaice, rays land and trawlers otter district, the Throughout 12.2.1 12.2 to shrimp. alternative an as sometimes grounds, inshore on fish white take trawlers same beam and otter Smaller transport. own the fish trawlers their to Liverpool and Holyhead beam into landing often grounds, visiting Large Sea. Irish and fish a white take to harbours Fleetwood trout. declining fleet of sea boats that use otter trawls and seine nets and salmon mullet, bass, rays, flatfish, for area the throughout used are Nets are principally gathered by hand and sometimes by dredge. mussels and cockles whilst shrimps, for trawls beam use vehicles and boats which in fisheries traditional supporting feature major a being mudflats and sandbanks estuarine UK. the of parts other from vessels involves and limit 12-mile the outside place takes generally which fishery, scallop Bay Cardigan marketing as opportunities improved. A few local boats participate in the attention greater both received beds, having cultivated species and wild from taken are mussels flatfish. and bass huss, mackerel, bream, black tope, take vessels line and rod commercial ten for around trawls Barmouth, and otter Cardigan Between use fish. m white >10 boats Some trout. sea and salmon herring, mullet, bass, cod, flatfish, for netting 6 and within whelks fish and crabs lobsters, boats for potting coast, the of of miles majority The winter. the during weather westerly prevailing by restricted is activity fishing consequence, a As bays. sheltered in and estuaries near only beaches sandy extensive with rugged, very is generally Bay Caernarfon and Bay Cardigan along coastline The 12.1 A shallow bay stretches from Anglesey to Cumbria, with and estuaries many from hand by gathered are Cockles

restrictionsinshore fishing deployedand methods fishing Information on species targeted,species on Information currentinshorefisheries of Synopsis

Demersal fish (eg cod, whiting, sole,whiting, cod, (eg fish Demersal sole, rays, pollack and dogfish) dogfish) and pollack sole,rays, lemondab, flounder, brill, turbot, plaice, Nephrops hogot h eastern the throughout in 1999 to release alive any salmon caught prior to 1 June). introduced Byelaw national the under requirement the to subject are they when indicated, otherwise (unless August and 31 and rivers June 1 from between district the trout throughout estuaries sea are and lave) salmon and take drift to coracle, licensed seine, (eg nets of variety A 12.2.3 sector. angling charter the for resource important an provide Mackerel supplied. are markets local small autumn only as low in generally is occurs effort although winter, herring and for netting Drift and May October. 1 31 between prohibited is or bait boat as a sandeel from using bass bass for fishing as which designated in areas, been nursery have estuaries of number A from drifted) and (anchored by-catch. a as taken mullet with autumn, to through spring nets gill in taken are Bass 12.2.2 nie o set s ae ih imn ms o a least mm. 180 at of mesh diamond with made is sheet top entire the providing area, this in permitted least also are trawls Flatfish at beam cod. is 5% than catch more no the and scallops if queen or 85% panel), separator a or mesh diamond mm 140 mesh, square mm (80 device selective take 14 between Sea to used be can trawls otter although April, 30 and February Irish north-west the in of area spawning use the prohibited cod- main the in lines or nets enmeshing trawls, demersal 2002 in introduced regulations ICES by to be on the verge of considered collapse. European Commission was which Sea, Irish the in stock cod the bycatch. a as only taken are but Barmouth, and Cardigan between targeted longer no are Rays 1980s. the since considerably declined cod, rays and, especially, spurdog, although this fishery has for areas few a sometimes in used are and Longlines stakes. to dogfish, attached and pollack cod, for shore the along set are mm 120–160 between of mesh a within nets Gill brill. and turbot rays, for set are mesh mm 200–300 larger of nets whereas flounder, and plaice sole, as flatfish catch such to used are mm 100–120 between of size they . m 15.2 exceed if area) (southern and Head Cemaes between and Rhyl between and m, 13.7 coast exceed they if area) (northern the Point of miles 3 within fishing In 2000, a Recovery Programme was implemented for implemented was Programme Recovery a 2000, In mesh a with section) (inner nets trammel and Tangle Nephrops

Diadromous fish (eg salmon, sea troutand sea salmon, (eg Diadromousfish mullet,herring, bass, (eg fish Pelagic eel) mackerel)and sprat provided they are fitted with an appropriate an with fitted are they provided 67 12 north wales, cheshire and lancashire Cardigan Cardigan

Description of fisheries coastal by port

Up to three seine nets and 12 coracle nets are licensed Wild and cultivated mussels are harvested in many Scallops beds between Anglesey and the Isle of Man 12.3 12.3.1 A fleet seasonal of up to 12 boats of 5–10 m moors in the Teifi Estuary, setting pots for lobsters, spider crabs brown from spring crabs through to and autumn, with lobsters and velvet crabs targeted towards the end of the year in to close of The areas the number pots shore. set sheltered some and fall, rates catch as increase to continues boat per now set up boats set are for to also Pots whelks 400 each. during the warmer months and monkfish brill, for turbot, rays, for prawns nets tangle use from boats Several autumn. and spider crabs, often all year round and out to 15 miles offshore, weather permitting. Two commercial rod and line vessels are based at this port. for salmon and sea trout in the River Teifi; seine nets are permitted downstream of Cardigan Bridge and generally take a greater proportion nets are of used above sea the bridge and trout, take mainly salmon. whilst The season begins coracle on 1 April and ends 31 a August, with weekly closure between 0600h Monday. Netting Saturday for sea and fish in 1200h this estuary is to restricted reduce the illegal capture of salmon and sea trout and because it a designated bass nursery area. suction dredging has only been allowed on Lavan Sands. NWNW SFC byelaws prohibit the removal of cockles that can pass through a gauge having a square opening of 20 mm and allow the Committee to shellfish bed they temporarily consider seriously depleted. close any estuaries and bays throughout the District by dredge. Cultivated sites are stocked with hand juvenile mussels and from beds that are considered unstable, overstocked are in areas of poor water quality. Since 1992, Morecambe or mussels seed of sources major the of one become has Bay within the UK. Pacific oysters, native oysters and Manila clams are cultivated within the Menai Strait, off the north Anglesey coast and in Morecambe Bay. and in Cardigan Bay are predominantly exploited by boats from the Isle of Man, Scotland and south-west England. A small number of local trawlers occasionally target scallops using dredges, particularly during greater the number winter, take whilst scallops and a Cardigan in fishery scallop The trawls. fish white in bycatch queen scallops as a Bay is closed between 1 July and 31 December, and only scallops greater than 110 mm across the broadest part of the shell can be taken. - , cockle, , mussel, scallop, cockle, Nephrops oyster, oyster, whelk and clam) vet vet crab, spider crab, crawfish, shrimp, prawn, Shellfish (eg lobster, brown Shellfish crab, (eg vel brown lobster,

Nephrops in deep waters off Cumbria between May The shrimp fishery is pursued mainly between the of Cockles are harvested from estuaries along the coast Dee and Duddon Estuaries from April to December, being restricted in winter by onshore winds and surf and by an offshore migration of shrimp in shrimps frosty are weather. taken in Brown beam trawls (towed vehicles) and push nets by (hand nets). NWNW SFC byelaws boats and restrict the aggregate lengthto 9.14 of m and shrimp require beam the undersized shrimps use and flatfish trawls of (mainly dabs, plaice, a sole riddle to and flounders) separate which are returned to the catch is then sea normally cooked on board the . alive. The Cardigan Bay, Conwy Bay (on Lavan Sands) and between the Dee and Duddon Estuaries, using a spade or rake, and by mechanical dredging methods. Dredging can only authorised be by the SFC and, since 1992, tractor dredging has not been permitted in the District whilst hydraulic and September, often landing into . Lobsters provide the main resource for many fishermen operating in Cardigan Bay, around the Lleyn Peninsula and off Anglesey. Pots are generally set November, between although pots April set in sheltered and areas in winter SFC NWNW The crabs. velvet of bycatch important an take has introduced a 90 mm MLS for lobsters scheme and for a lobster, permit crawfish and crab fisheries (Byelaws 29 and 30). Brown crabs provide an important resource off the Lleyn Peninsula, where boats of 5–8 m set pots out to 6 miles from the coast and larger boats, some equipped with vivier tanks, target brown Crawfish are crabs caught in further tangle nets offshore. in a (eg few off Bardsey Island), as rocky are spider crabs areas in the south of Cardigan Bay. Whelks are taken in pots set off Anglesey, the Lleyn Peninsula, and has Bay Cardigan further in prawns for south potting late-1980s, the in Since Cardigan Bay. become increasingly popular, particularly between autumn and spring, when the lobster fishery is at a seasonal low. The increasing number of pots fished in the lobster/prawn fisheries is of concern. Some Fleetwood target otter trawlers 12.2.4 The NWNW SFC has introduced byelaws that allow people allow that byelaws introduced has SFC NWNW The to use fixed nets for sea fish in areas where they do not Act Salmon the under trout, sea or salmon to threat a pose from estuaries and rivers some in used are nets Fyke 1986. spring to autumn to catch adult eels, and elvers are taken in dip nets in winter and spring. 68 12 north wales, cheshire and lancashire protect salmon and sea trout migrating to the River Dyfi). River the to migrating trout sea and salmon protect (to bay the within prohibited is netting when summer, the during crabs and lobsters for pots work boats beach Two 12.3.6 Rheidol. and Ystwyth Rivers the both in prohibited is fishing salmon Commercial summer. during handlining by and line and rod on taken are mackerel and Bass bass. and cod for set are nets Gill year. the of end the until herring are used for bass between spring and autumn and then for nets Drift crustacea. other taking and brill crabs, turbot, spider of by-catches for spring in begins netting Tangle both provide a useful income, particularly during the winter. prawns and velvet crabs has risen since the late-1980s and crabs, prawns and whelks are also taken in pots. Interest in velvet crabs, spider crabs, Brown miles. 6 to out pots 300 smaller boats are often worked single-handedly to set up to using up to 700 pots out to 16 miles offshore, whereas the each boats larger the with lobsters, are for year all virtually set Pots supplied. adequately be can market local a predictable and are nets landings tangle large-meshed poor and though pots by from markets, limited major is with Fishing use communications trips. m, angling <11 charter all boats offer Four trawl. boats, and nets set part-time also many although 6 pots, and full-time Six 12.3.5 locally. catches their selling often summer, the during port this from work fishermen part-time dozen a half to Up bait. pot for caught often are and handlines for mackerel and bass. Herring and mackerel and lobsters for pots crabs, drift nets for herring, set nets for rays, cod and use bass, m 7–9 of boats full-time Two 12.3.4 summer. the during trips angling charter offer boats two have opportunities and lines, and pots marketing use boats part-time Several improved. as late-1980s the since attention greater received have crabs bass. velvet and and mackerel Prawns for lines and bass, rays, and for cod for flatfish, each nets prawns, pots and 700 crabs to spider up crabs, lobsters, use each boats m 7–10 Five 12.3.3 winter. the during fishing limits severely weather The mackerel. and bass for rays, handline and season, for in herring and nets bass flatfish, drift and anchored use autumn, to spring from lobsters and crabs for pots set boats beach Several 12.3.2

Borth Aberystwyth Aberaeron Quay New Llangranog and Aberporth commercial activity on mussels or cockles. or mussels on activity commercial elsewherein the UK. However, there has recently been little of cockles, high demand and the poor state of cockle fisheriesfishermen operating here increased because of an abundance of number the 1990s, the of beginning the At Estuary. Dyfi Estuary. Dysynni the in one and April) 1 begins (season Estuary Dyfi the in trout sea and salmon area nursery bass designated a is this as Estuary, Dyfi the outside generally bass, for used are Nets hotels. and restaurants local to sold is summer the during landed shellfish the of proportion large A landed. also are crabs velvet and Brown 1990s. early the since prawns for pots used have fishermen of number increasing an though lobsters, for chiefly year, whole the virtually for pots set boats of majority The coastline. adjacent the from and launched Tywyn are boats part-time 6 and full-time 4 and The Dyfi Estuary supports 4 commercial rod and line vessels, 12.3.7 nets for salmon and sea trout there since 2003. since there trout sea and salmon for nets seine use to issued bass been have licences No designated areas. nursery are Estuaries Glaslyn and Dwyryd The 12.3.9 Estuary. Mawddach the in trout sea Mawddach the in hand. by Estuary beds from gathered are cockles and species of variety Mussels flounders. a and rays turbot, mullet, bass, including take Porthmadog to up Barmouth from shore the along set Nets winter. and autumn in sprat Drift nets are used close inshore for herring and sometimes from 2002. since inactive relatively been have they but port, this operate may vessels line and rod commercial Two area. nursery bass designated a is Estuary Mawddach the are Bass bait. taken in nets pot and on rod and line for along the sand bar, though retained are gurnard, and dogfish eg value, commercial no or little of species and onwards spring from flatfish other and turbot rays, for set are nets Tangle crabs. velvet and prawns for as well as lobsters for pots set still boats of majority The industry. limiting the for factor the remains Marketing boats part-timers. full-time several two plus only comprises now and down run been has lobsters on concentrated formerly that fleet The 12.3.8 oee, ern nt ae emte fo November from permitted boats. several by used are and April to through are nets herring However, oke ad usl ae avse b hn fo the from hand by harvested are mussels and Cockles for used are nets) (seine nets draft licensed Three Two licences are issued for seine netting for salmon and

Aberdyfi and TywynAberdyfiand Porthmadog Barmouth 69 12 north wales, cheshire and lancashire Porthdinllaen Caernarfon Porth Porth Colmon to Porth Ysgaden Nefyn and Trefor

Mussels, Pacific oysters and Manila clams are cultivated are clams Manila and oysters Pacific Mussels, during the winter, but the exposed nature of the area does not favour the lighter prawn pots. 12.3.16 Eight boats of 7–11 m until the regularly end of the year. Each fish boat sets 500+ pots out to from early spring beyond 6 miles for whelks between September and June/ July and for lobsters during the summer, when whelk and lobster pots are emptied on alternate days. Some of the brown crab caught is dressed and sold locally to tourists, whilst any spider crab is retained for whelk bait. Gill nets are sometimes set for dogfish to be used as whelk bait, and tangle nets are occasionally set for rays. Prawns fishery. unpredictable an are is this but winter, the during taken Over 20 part-time boats may fish in summer using a few lobster pots or setting nets. 12.3.17 There is one part-time trawler, two boats for whelks, and (8–10 a 10 m m) boat scallops mainly pot off the north coast of Llyn and in Caernarfon Bay. One charter angling boat operates from this at port, Portdinorwic. along Beach nets with are set another for bass between two and 1 mullet December and 31 March. boats Approximately use 10 drift nets for bass between Caernarfon Bar. Dinas Dinlle and in lays near Brynsiencyn under the Oyster, Menai Mussel and Strait Clam (West) Order 1978. The several order also covers a natural mussel bed, and are often juvenile obtained from mussels Caernarfon Bar. Up to 50 people as such Shellfish Melynog. Traeth from cockles gather may 12.3.14 One full-time boat from Port Colmon sets pots for lobsters and crabs and also targets bass using nets line. and Small rod coves and along this stretch of coast offer a shelter, and little are used by a up to a dozen part-time beach bass, for nets and crabs and lobsters for pots setting boats pollack and flatfish during the warmer months. 12.3.15 From Nefyn, one 11 m boat pots for whelk, occasionally trawls and sometimes dredges for scallops. Ten or more part-time boats use anchored nets for bass, pollack, rays, beach and summer, in pots few a set and plaice and turbot nets are set for bass and mullet. time From (5–8 m) Trefor, and up to two 5 part-time full- boats set lobster pots between March and late October. Some mackerel also takes place. handlining for Aberdaron Abersoch Pwllheli Criccieth

Lobsters provide the main income for potters, with Several beach boats of 4–6 m spring to set December, depending on the pots weather. Lobsters and nets from and brown crabs are taken in pots, sometimes and set tangle for nets crawfish are on rocky ground particularly around Bardsey Island. Nets are set Porth Neigwl and along nearby in beaches for bass, rays and Aberdaron Bay, flatfish, and for pollack in rocky areas close to the shore. Mackerel are caught on handlines for local sale during the summer. There has been a little prawn and whelk potting 12.3.13 12.3.12 Part-time fishing involving beach boats of 4–6 m prevails from this small community and further round the Lleyn the Peninsula. Some boats tip set up to of 200 pots each for lobsters, crabs and whelks from spring through to the end of the year whilst the weather holds. Some fishermen process their own catches of lobsters and brown crabs for a local market that is highly dependent on tourists. Fixed nets are set from the beach out to a few miles offshore, from spring to the end of the year (weather permitting) for rays, plaice, turbot, sole, flounders, bass, mullet, pollack, cod and whiting. Beach nets are set overnight and tended during the next low tide. Two boats offer charter angling trips. brown and some velvet merchants. crabs Fishing effort being increases landed during direct the when part-time fishermen join the fishery. Although spider summer to crabs are abundant in spring/early summer, there is a poor market for the species. Several prawns in fishermen winter, but they may are unpredictable and try effort is for hindered by bad weather. Two boats offer charter angling trips. One trawler/scalloper of 10–12 Bay for a m catch of fishes mixed white in fish. scallops It mainly also Cardigan dredges off for Cardigan, along with scalloper a based at purpose-built Pwllheli during the winter. Six smaller boats (7–10m) use nets and pots and are joined by several part-time boats in the summer. Gill nets are used for cod, whiting and herring in winter and pollack in for summer, bass, and tangle mullet nets and are set flatfish for from spring to autumn. rays and 12.3.11 12.3.10 Three beach boats pot for lobsters, net for bass, mullet, herring, rays and flatfish, and handline for bass, mackerel and pollack. 70 12 north wales, cheshire and lancashire used for mackerel and bass. and mackerel for used are handlines and cod, sometimes and pollack, flatfish rays, for bass, used are nets velvet), and (brown crabs and fish mainly from spring to autumn. Pots are set for lobsters that m 5–10 of boats 4 or 3 by used is harbour small This 12.3.22 Sea. Inland outer the from gathered are cockles and Mussels March. 31 and December 1 between permitted only are they where Sea, Inland bass, the and take harbour Holyhead the to from herring used and splits mullet are that Nets water Island. of Holy and area mainland an Sea', 'Inland the and Anglesey. of coast the and Holyhead Peninsula, Llyn the from obtained are crabs and lobsters the of Most as such periwinkles. shellfish and cockles whelks, scallops, crabs, lobsters, with deal processors and merchants Local netting. and potting on concentrate to tend m <10 of scallops north-east of Anglesey and set nets. Up to 4 boats for dredge fish, white for trawl otter m >10 vessels Two own transport at Holyhead (the largest port in North Wales). their to plaice and sole land trawlers beam Belgian Visiting 12.3.21 here. from operate potters lobster/crab part-time 8 and full-time Three 12.3.20 here. from operate vessels beach-launched 4 and potters lobster/crab full-time Two 12.3.19 hand. by Sands Malltraeth from gathered are mussels and Cockles mackerel. and bass for handlines use fishermen flounder and herring in season. Commercial and recreational and tangle nets are set for cod, whiting, pollack, bass, rays, Gill whelks. for offshore further and areas, more rocky sheltered the in crabs velvet and brown lobsters, for set are Pots coast. exposed this on winter during activity fishing restrict severely winds westerly strong as months warmer west the off nets and the during principally Holyhead, to north pots Anglesey of coast use boats beach 12 to Up 12.3.18 Bar. Caernarfon the off bass for fish to often area, this to boats trail anglers of numbers large holidays, bank on especially summer, the In employment. short-term provide mussels and periwinkles Pots are set for lobsters and crabs around Holy Island Holy around crabs and lobsters for set are Pots

Cemaes Bay Cemaes Holyhead TrearddurBay WenBorth Aberffraw and Rhosneigr angling-charter boats operate. boats angling-charter three or two which from Beaumaris, off and Island Puffin and Commercial and Moelfre. around popular very is boats from fishing hand bass recreational from by gathered Bay are Wharf whiting. Red mussels and from lobster taken crab, are for Cockles fish vessels small Two 12.3.24 parties. angling out take occasionally also will vessels and Amlwch off waters these of Several Bangor. or Holyhead at merchants supply deeper the in pots whelk use sets boats m 7–9 and full-time Two rays. and flatfish for nets tangle herring, and cod bass, for nets gill uses crabs, velvet and brown lobsters, for pots fleet m the <10 The of tide. states all at accessible remains that harbour tidal partly this use full-time) 6 or (5 m 8–12 of boats 10 to Up 12.3.23 is used. is mm >99 mesh cod-end a with net a unless December 31 and April 1 between sprat, and prawns shrimps, for than other Rhyl, and Amlwch between 6-miles inside trawling prohibits SFC The whiting. and cod plaice, rays, comprise generally landings and sporadic more is winter the during Fishing nets. plaice/sole and ray uses netter One scallops. the and rays, scallops queen some and and brill, sole and turbot occasional north plaice, miles taking Head 20 Ormes to Great out of fishes m <10 trawler otter One 12.3.26 crab. shore and crab velvet crab, brown lobster, for pot vessels Two November. 30 to April 1 from prohibited is Strait Menai the of end north although the in weather, netting good in for mullet trawling and port, bass this rays, plaice, of out operate vessels small Six Bay. Conwy in Sands Lavan along east further hand by collected regularly are Cockles Islands. Channel the and France in and UK the in on-growing for provided also are Mussels Beaumaris. Bay, Friars and Mountfield at site order several the outside just found before are years beds mussel 4 natural to Small dredged. 2 being for grow available) to left (when and here Bay relaid are Caernarfon occasionally and Bay Orders 1962 and 1963. Juvenile mussels from Morecambe Fishery Mussel and Oyster Strait Menai the under leased mussel grounds growing by mussel extensive dominated are There is cultivation. port this from activity Fishing 12.3.25

Red Wharf Bay Wharf Red Amlwch Conwy (Bangor) Penryn Port 71 12 north wales, cheshire and lancashire Southport Birkenhead Birkenhead and Liverpool Blundellsands and Formby Hoylake/North Hoylake/North Wirral

Some push netting for shrimps and handlining for Around 10 local people participate in the intertidal net and and net intertidal the in participate people local 10 Around the river between Connah’s Quay and Chester. This fishery This Chester. and Quay Connah’s between river the is subject to a weekly closure from 2400h on Thursday to 2400h on Sunday. 12.3.34 Around 20 men work in fisheries the using intertidal a shrimp variety and of and net makeshift other tractors, wagons off-road vehicles. occasionally used to drift net Beach-launched for bass or trawl for shrimps. boats are 12.3.31 One full-time vessel (<10 m) trawls for sole occasionally and winter, in sprat or for trawl mid-water a uses shrimps, sets static gear. Approximately 10 part-time leisure boats of number craft small A Mersey. the in moorings from fish semi- work to river the down come Mersey upper the from Brighton New fishery. shrimp seasonal the in commercially is popular for beach-launched angling boats. Considerable numbers of anglers fish from the river Brighton to . walls from New 12.3.32 The docks are used as a for visiting base Belgian and and transhipment UK beam point trawlers. Occasionally, visiting shellfish boats land here. Several charter angling boats fish out of the local marina, and the docks and river walls are a popular angling venue. 12.3.33 stretch this work tractors two and boat beach-launched One setting and shrimps for fishing semi-commercially, shore of nets for bass and cod. They occasionally work lobster pots near the training walls. Fishermen from Southport will also work this area, which is popular with anglers bass, cod fishing and flounder. for domestic consumption takes place in the area. 12.3.30 Two regular part-time/leisure fishing boats are rigged for , and a few pleasure craft here. There are operate occasional bursts of activity from when cockles are abundant and groups of up to 40 opportunist/migratory fishermen have worked the north Wirral the from gathered beds are clams razor tides, ebb low On years. in recent beds off . commercial, is effort this of some while and fisheries, shrimp most is for personal consumption. There are small numbers of shore and boat anglers along the north Wirral shore. Llannerch-y-mor to Connah’s Quay to Llannerch-y-mor Connah’s Rhyl Rhos-on-Sea

During summer and winter, most boats fish further The Conwy Estuary supports an important mussel 12.3.29 Following the introduction of netting early-1990s restrictions to in prevent the the illegal capture of salmon sea and trout (the EA acts as a SFC within the Dee Estuary), fewer than 30 boats (most 4–6 m) remain on the side Welsh of the Dee Estuary. Most of the shrimp boats work from Connah’s Quay, Flint and Greenfield and low-water trawl the channels beyond November. to August a from and May to March line from Mostyn, from to Shrimps are also caught in push nets in Hilbre Swash. offshore for plaice, sole, flounders, Weighted turbot or unweighted drifted trammel nets are used and to whiting. catch flounder at the mouth of the estuary, with bass and during Island Hilbre off numbers small in taken being mullet nursery bass designated a is Estuary Dee The summer. the as sandeels of use or boat a from fishing bass which in area inclusive. September and June between prohibited are bait In 2006, 4 licences were issued for trammel nets fish for salmon and sea trout in the tidal reaches of the Dee, and 9 licences for draft (seine) nets in the canalised section of The main fishing activity undertaken is by by 6 chartered boats, angling some Shrimps may be taken trips in trawls and of push nets. which also set nets. 12.3.28 12.3.27 <10 Two m part-time boats use and otter trawls handlines, and several boats charter angling trips during the summer. Sole, plaice, rays, turbot, bass, flounder and towards mackerel effort are some with months, warmer the during landed winter. in rays and plaice of bycatches plus whiting, and cod fishery involving 22 licensed fishermen, which is regulated by the NWNWSFC. Hand mussels between September and the rakes end of March. Two are own used their market and plant purification a operate fishermen to harvest catches, whilst the remainder supply them and merchants angling out take boats three summer, the During Bangor. in for pots set boats part-time few a and full-time One parties. lobsters and crabs, and a further two vessels are involved in netting full-time. Netting within the estuary and further along the coast is restricted to protect salmonids, and the estuary is a designated bass nursery area. There are two licences for salmon and sea trout seines Estuary, and two fixed traps subject in to ancient rights, only the Conwy one of which, a basket trap, commercial is eel fishery uses baited traps in the estuary. currently used. A small 72 12 north wales, cheshire and lancashire Point. Formby to shore the along activity angling some is there and Ainsdale from fish boats angling Beach-launched bait. hand. by cockles gathering workers immigrant 60 to up of gangs by worked by local men using tractor dredges under permit, or for bass, cod, whiting and flounder at high water, and for and water, high at flounder and whiting cod, bass, for the consumption. domestic by for population local and gangs hand-raking itinerant by commercially exploited are beds mussel and cockle local The port. the fisheries. lobster and bass seasonal in part take part-timers occasional and craft small boats operate from here. Three commercial fishermen with flounder. and dab rays, brill, turbot, plaice, sole, trawlers from this port fish for a variety of species including inshore five to up and trawler beam inshore purpose-built Irish Northern the or trawlers beam it finds Belgian and and coast south reduced visiting with compete greatly to difficult now is fleet trawling The 12.3.38 consumption. domestic for majority the but sale for some cod. and bass for set occasionally are nets and a is Lines activity. areas leisure and commercial intertidal part-time significant on collecting Bait anglers. shore of numbers large are there and coast Fylde be the may along used boats angling beach-launched 100 of excess In 12.3.37 currently are Annes over. sanded St. off beds cockle the but fishery, shore. the from set occasionally are seasonally, nets and bass, and flounder for fish anglers shore and boat bass for net drift to used are boats 10 to Up Only 3 full-time shrimp boats remain working from Lytham. 12.3.36 estuary. the around creeks in moored are craft part-time/leisure Various trout. sea and salmon for netting drift for issued licences 6 the is area this in activity fishing commercial significant only The 12.3.35 Southport beach is a popular place for anglers to gather to anglers for place popular a is beach Southport been has fishery cockle the abundance, of times In Rossall Point is a popular venue for shore anglers fishing from fishing currently are potters whelk visiting Two angling beach-launched few a and boats charter Two Approximately 20 men push net for shrimps and prawns, mussel the in interest occasional been has There

Fleetwood Coast Fylde the and Blackpool Annes LythamSt and PrestonRibbleEstuary, Nephrops le. One fleet. A few boats trawl seasonally for shrimps and flatfish. and shrimps for seasonally trawl boats few A 12.3.40 available. when mussel south, further and estuary the of cultivated a supports mouth the around beds from taken are cockles and fishery Estuary Lune The SFC. NWNW base the of authorisation the occasionally under Bay, Morecambe m, >30 some themselves here when contracted to dredge mussels from dredgers, visiting Large mussel transport, fishery. own sole spring their the during to particularly here catches trawlers otter land beam lines, Visiting sometimes use nets. set m and <10 trawls of shrimp and boats part-time 4 or Three 12.3.39 ni srn, sn bas o ae hm o inaccessible to them take ashore. mussels the transport to and beds mussel to boats using spring, until summer of end the from mussels for hand-rake fishermen set and trawls otter nets. Gill nets and lines are used for bass and in mullet. Local whiting and cod taking flounder, also some rays, with year, the of most for shrimps on concentrate boats part-time 11 around and full-time Four 12.3.42 Estuary. and Conwy the Strait Menai the in those eg fisheries, mussel other to sold or Bay Morecambe in areas sheltered into re-laid either and beds, outlying unstable from taken are mussels juvenile authorisation, SFC NWNW With mussels. remove can fishermen licensed only where Bay, the of mouth the Fishery Order (1978) covers an area of mussel beds around Mussel Bay Morecambe The to ashore. as catch well the as transport foot by inaccessible beds to them take to the end of the summer until spring using boats and tractors from mussels and cockles for hand-rake fishermen Local nursery area. bass Whitebait nets are also fished within the Bay. designated a Station, Power Heysham from outfall the around September 30 and June 1 between prohibited is boat by are fishing bass although lines mullet, and and bass for used nets Gill year. the of most for shrimps for gatherers District. the immigrant outside from to mainly SFC, the by issued have been permits 1000 over which hand- for a fishery, supports cockle raking also estuary are The nets. sprat filter and in whitebait caught and shrimps, the for trawl Estuary boats Lune part-time few a plus boat full-time One 12.3.41 push netters after shrimps and prawns at low water. low at prawns and shrimps after netters push w fl-ie n aon 1 pr-ie ot trawl boats part-time 11 around and full-time Two

Lancaster Dock Glasson Morecambe Point Sunderland and Overton 73 12 north wales, cheshire and lancashire 1 1 92 81 31 29 40 70 29 435 332 279 389 312 186 340 2,125 1,785 6,556 Landed value (£1,000s)

0 9 1

26 23 14 15 40 13 29 269 224 259 104 213 268 5,170 3,397 10,074 (t) Landed weight Summary of landings in 2006

Gastropods Scallops Cockles Other bivalves Edible crab Other crabs Lobsters Nephrops Shrimps & prawns Cephalopods Shellfish Whelks 12.4 ww Finfish Cod Other gadoids Sole Turbot & brill Other flatfish Small pelagics Bass Other finfish Sharks & rays Total Barrow-in-Furness Flookburgh and Roosebeck Flookburgh landing

Up to 30 fast angling boats may operate in the area The mussel fishery at Foulney has succumbed to a and salmon catch to used are nets lave licensed 4 to Up Licensed netsmen use haaf nets (12), drift nets (7) and Around 15 part-time anchorages around boats the Duddon, operate mainly Up to from4 targeting fishermen use stake bass. or lift nets theand/or bank lines small in this estuary for bass. Mussel gathering is almost non- existent today, the cockle beds are currently subject to a closure order, and shrimping is at a very low of level. the 4 Two potting boats operating from Walney Channel at Barrow were previously based at Askam-in-Furness on the Duddon Estuary. 12.3.45 during summer weekends, with up 15 on weekdays. The mainly fish to rods 4 to up and fishermen two carry majority for cod and bass. Two local angling charter boats operate sporadically, targeting bass and cod. There are now 4 full-time inshore trawlers working out of Barrow, of which one is known to target the Isle of Man scallop fishery at times. A further 4 full-time potting boats work around 1350 pots between them, west and south of for net gill or trawl boats part-time 20 About Island. Walney cod in winter and bass, plaice and rays in the summer. 12.3.44 period of high activity from mainly itinerant harvesting workers the than other here, activity no currently is and there of seed mussel for transplantation to Pacific and native oysters are cultivated off the Roosebeck. Menai Strait. sea trout in the River Leven. Shrimping remains the main fishing activity here, though effort has reduced to 7–10 tractors between using April beam and trawls November. operate in flounder, whitebait, bass These and salmonid fisheries same fishermen seasonally using traditional methods. There are probably fewer than 40 people following the working decline of the part-time cockle stocks and respective in this closures, which have resulted in fishermen taking up land- area, based employment. Three to five people work the same seasonal fisheries from Baycliff and Newbiggin. 12.3.43 one seine net to take salmon and sea trout in the estuary of estuary the in trout sea and salmon take to net seine one the River Lune, and 8 lave nets are licensed in the estuary of the River Kent. 74 13 cumbria periwinkles are gathered intertidally. gathered are periwinkles and mussels cockles, and Firth Solway the in trawls beam in taken are Shrimps crabs. and lobsters for pots and rays, and cod for lines flatfish, and rays cod, for nets use m <10 southwest of St Bees Head. Out to 3 miles offshore, boats for fishing heavy of periods large visiting fleet from elsewhere in the UK, a usually during with competition in themselves find can they times At . and Whitehaven in based are vessels these of majority The scallops. queen and scallops for dredges and fish, white for nets seine and trawls beam fish, white and for trawls otter use m >10 Vessels north. the in Firth Solway the in culminates that shoreline shingle rocky and sand, the along taken are resources of variety A 13.1 Cumbria: 13.

( Synopsis of currentinshorefisheries of Synopsis Millom to Sillothto Millom Cumbria SFC Cumbria Nephrops ) n rud t the to grounds on Nephrops of an 80 mm square-mesh section in nets with a minimum a with nets in section square-mesh mm 80 an of bycatch in the important an provide can plaice, and haddock whiting, cod, particularly fish, White 1996. since considerably increased have areas these in catches haddock decline, sharp into gone has Head Bees St of southwest and Whitehaven off net seine fishery cod and the Though months. colder the during catches trawl otter have in whiting predominated and Cod traditionally and year. trawls the beam throughout and nets otter seine in taken are fish Demersal 13.2.1 13.2

restrictionsinshore fishing deployedand methods fishing Information on species targeted,species on Information

Demersal fish (eg cod, whiting, plaice, whiting, cod, (eg fish Demersal sole, brill, dab, turbot, rays and dogfish) and rays turbot, dab, sole,brill, Nephrops fishery, and the statutory inclusion 75 13 cumbria to St Silecroft Bees Head

Description of fisheries coastal by port

The Solway Firth shrimp fishery involves local boats Cockles are harvested from the Solway Firth using 13.3 13.3.1 Three full-timeboats <10 m Ravenglass fish Estuary and static Seascale beaches, gear and up from boats from Askham to and Barrow-in-Furness may use the static 4 nets between Haverigg Point and Eskmeals, to the south of Ravenglass. Between December and June, set nets on the are beaches taking Dover sole, plaice, rays, turbot, brill, thornback cod, bass and grey mullet. Drift nets are occasionally used to take bass during the warmer months. In addition to nets, some boats set longlines for cod, rays settled. When the fishery is at its peak, between May and September, vessels from Scotland, Ireland, Wales, the Isle of Man and other English ports such as Fleetwood fish the same grounds as the local fleet and occasionally land their catches into Whitehaven. <10 m towing beam trawls and occasionally attracts boats from other UK ports. Cumbria SFC byelaws limit the size of beams to an aggregate length of 6 catches m must and state be that sifted through fish a returned riddle to and the immature sea as soon brown and velvet crabs are caught in pots as set by boats <8 possible. Lobsters, m in rocky areas from March to November. also Whelks taken are in pots and shore crabs are gathered by hand and sold as bait. Cumbria SFC operate a permit scheme covering lobster, crab and whelk potting in a season which extends from March to September. hydraulic suction dredges, tractor-drawn dredges and by hand. Most of the effort occurs along the Scottish coast, working boats 14 the of majority the and tractors 9 where hydraulic suction dredges are based. The Cumbria SFC undertake regular surveys of stocks within bothits district, and operate permit schemes cockle (60 and mussel permits for mussels were issued in 2006) to assist the management of both species. There has increased recently fishing been effort for upper mussels Solway from between beds Dubmill in Point and the Trawlers from Skinburness. Maryport and Silloth dredge for mussels, and they are hand gathered in the (MLS Ravenglass Estuary of 45 mm) outlying bybeds that are inaccessible fishermenby foot. Scallops and using boats queen scallops are taken in trawls to(as a bycatch to white reach fish) and dredges, and some of the beam trawlers based in Maryport switch to scallop dredging when flatfish are scarce inshore, some of the larger boatsthe Isle of Man. fishing out to can are Nephrops Nephrops fishery. , shrimp, lobster, Nephrops Nephrops are caught in otter trawls in deep water to the and herring) brown crab, cockle, mussel, crab, and scallop cockle, brown whelk) Diadromous fish Diadromous (eg salmon and sea trout) Pelagic Pelagic fish (eg bass, mackerel mullet,

All fixed net fishing takes place on rocky or hard be caught in winter, but when only the on those tides few are occasions at their slackest and the weather more likely to be out of their burrows and foraging therefore more for vulnerable food to capture. Nephrops west of Whitehaven, between May landings and are August. made Peak on neap tides when 13.2.4 Shellfish (eg 13.2.3 The main salmon fisheries within this district occur in the Solway Firth, where hand-held haaf nets are used to take fish destined mainly for the Rivers Eden and Border Esk. The commercial bass and mullet fisheries in Cumbria tend to be less regular than further south, but both species are taken in nets during the summer and bass are caught on longlines and handlines. A small quantity of mackerel and taken are mackerel and nets and trawls in taken are herring on lines. 13.2.2 mesh size of 70 mm gives juvenile whiting a better chance chance better a whiting juvenile gives mm 70 of size mesh of escaping. The sole fishery begins in spring and attracts a visiting fleet of beam trawlers from Brixham, which work the Scallop bank area, and the occasional Belgium beam trawler outside the 12 mile zone. A Cumbria SFC byelaw prohibits boats >13.7 m from fishing within 3 miles of the coast, other than when using handlines. Flatfish (eg sole, plaice, turbot and brill) continue to be important on inshore grounds, together with rays during the and warmer especially within months the Solway Firth. The larger vessels tend to fish further offshore during this period when otter trawlers engage in the seasonal substrates within 3 miles of the shore. Boats take of <10 cod m in gill and trammel nets and trammel and, nets are set in for flatfish and rays. spring, Nets set in tangle intertidal areas are sometimes supported by stakes take cod, and rays and flatfish. In order to protect salmon and sea trout, Cumbria SFC byelaws restrict around netting rivers, activity prohibit nets exceeding 240 stipulate a minimum distance of 300 m between two m nets, in length, and require that all static gear is marked. It is also illegal under SFC byelaws to set fixed nets in the district that do states all at headline the over water of m 3 least at have not of the tide between 1 June and 30 November. 76 13 cumbria uun n wne. ny n o tee ot fse full fishes boats time. During the winter these scallop season there are occasional of one Only winter. and autumn the during each pots whelk 200 to up fished have boats 4 or 3 1996, Since nets. in taken also are which crabs, lobsters and for pot many and flatfish, and shrimps for trawl occasionally some season, in plaice and sole rays, cod, for A fleet of around 20 small boats uses gill and trammel nets 13.3.4 hand. by gathered are periwinkles and nets in bycatch a as taken often are Crustacea months. warmer the during mainly rays, and cod bass, for rod-and-line and Parton from launched bass, for nets drift use fish, demersal for nets set to beach been have boats part-time 4 or years, 3 recent In crabs. velvet take also and crabs and brown lobsters for pots set boats two and sole, and plaice rays, cod, for round year all trawls and nets using harbour Harrington in based m <10 of boats part-time 4 are There 13.3.3 winter. the during Sea Irish northeast the throughout fishing Whitehaven of out works dredgers 20 scallop to visiting up of fleet A rays. and turbot sole, taking also and coast, the to the in fishing summer, on the during dependent fishery plaice particularly are trawlers smaller The flatfish. mainly taking seiners the season, in landed being cod and whiting brill, turbot, sole, rays, plaice, with scarce, haddock bycatch. important an providing plaice and whiting, cod, as such fish white with offshore, miles 12 and 5 between Selker, to south Head Bees St of on Effort Whitehaven. at 1980s, late- the Since time. to time from nets seine deploy also for trawls otter work majority The miles). 6 (inside district SFC the within fish to permitted not therefore are and m >13.7 are which of two vessels, full-time 8 supports Whitehaven 13.3.2 pots. few a or nets set may number small A Head. Bees rays bass, St off wrecks around fishing when particularly pollack, flatfish, and cod, can of coast quantities of considerable stretch take pleasure this 50 along Over launched hand. boats angling by exploited are cockle which and beds, mussel supports also estuary the sea and and salmon trout, for estuary Ravenglass in used is (crib) trap fish licensed A each. pots whelk 500 to up set boats some and crabs, velvet and brown of bycatch a take outcrops and rocky the on set are pots Lobster dogfish. and htfs ae sal tree when targeted usually are Whitefish n wie ih I adto, n vse will vessel one addition, In fish. white and Nephrops has provided the main value in landings in value main the provided has Nephrops

Workington Harrington and Parton Whitehaven s ocnrtd west concentrated is Nephrops Nephrops are set pots for lobsters and crabs and one sets whelk pots. whelk sets one and crabs and lobsters for pots set boats 5 or Four Firth. Solway the in grounds shallower the for flatfish, rays, cod and bass, and 3 shrimping boats work smaller longlines) sometimes (and nets 9 set boats part-time mainly Around harbour. the alongside premises built purpose- from operates co-operative Fishermen’s a where rays cod, Maryport, whiting, into land occasionally boats Visiting land flatfish. and rest the whilst scallops, queen and scallops some for dredge vessels 4 the winter, and In Whitehaven. in summer, participate the trawlers during otter offshore boats further larger The Firth. fish Solway the rays, from plaice, brill sole, and turbot landing zone, 12-mile the within fish generally trawlers beam and otter full-time 6 the of Most 13.3.6 taken. being often bass with cod, and sole rays, plaice, for principally nets, tangle and gill trammel, set to used are boats beach four or Three 13.3.5 3licences for traps (coops) were issued for the River Eden. and September 9 to June 1 from Solway Upper the in netting haaf for issued were licences 96 2006, in and, Eden and Silloth, there. land to boats additional encouraging thus at facility holding shrimp a established company Dutch-owned a 1993, In sea. at chilled and boiled then are shrimps remaining The shrimps. under-size with together sea the to returned being before riddle a using separated be to have bycatch a as taken flatfish juvenile and ground nursery flatfish important an is Firth Solway The offshore. cold very during except spells and Firth, stormy weather in winter when shrimps migrate low-water Solway from the trawls in Shrimps beam channels in 1990s. round early year also the caught are have since boats mussels these for of dredged Most cockles. for hydraulic of dredging capable is one which of boats, shrimping 8 has Silloth England, north-west in port northerly most The 13.3.8 cod. catch to mostly June, and December small A between beach the on set occasionally are nets of number June. and March between rays this for in mainly shore area, off miles 2 to up fish Maryport from boats although Allonby, from fishing boats no currently are There 13.3.7 adns rm iiig clo degr wrig n the in working Sea. dredgers Irish northeast scallop visiting from landings There are salmon and sea trout fisheries in the rivers Esk Esk rivers the in fisheries trout sea and salmon are There

Maryport Flimby Silloth Allonby fishery off off fishery Nephrops 77 13 cumbria 1 6 + + 38 25 10 33 59 11 66 97 38 902 120 396 291 321 138 2,552 Landed value (£1,000s)

0 6 7 0 1 8 0 8

25 12 18 67 69 11 276 120 638 118 809 2,193 (t) Landed weight

Shrimps & prawns Cephalopods Total Nephrops Finfish Other gadoids ww 13.4 Summary of landings in 2006 Cod Sole Turbot & brill Other flatfish Bass Other finfish Small pelagics Shellfish Whelks Gastropods Scallops Cockles Sharks & rays Other bivalves Edible crab Other crabs Lobsters 78 14 conclusions and north-east coast, netting activity has decreased, decreased, has activity trawling has demersal Essex, activity and Kent in netting whilst coast, north-east and east the along example, For coast. the around differently landings. of scale the and fishing spent time the resource, particular a exploiting boats fishing of numbers the regulate to them allowing fisheries, mollusc resources, local sustain many SFCs have introduced ‘fishery orders’ covering major to attempts their In profitable. remains fishery a time of length the reduce may this and markets can be found for new them. Opportunistic effort may be provided intense, fisheries traditional to alternative valuable a as mullet, red and rays prawns, cuttlefish, bass, have re-directed effort towards non-quota species, such as they possible, Where costs. fuel greater involve that gears towed from away and vessels efficient more moving smaller, cases to many in gear, fishing static of quantity terms of in usually effort, fishing increasing by prices, sale first low plaice, as such species for and, costs operational have rising to which responded Fisherman whiting, decline. marked and a shown cod on dependent been had that areas in especially catches, falling of been has 1980s populations, shellfish and controls. management and opportunities marketing finfish natural of in abundance fluctuations longer-term species, target of availability seasonal the with patterns fishing their adapt to able being versatile, highly remain fishermen Commercial resources. or hobby and recreational) utilising and competing for many dynamic, with many types of fishermen (full-time, part-time and diverse extremely be to continue Wales and England shellfish. and fish locally-caught fresh, of fisheries supply the restaurant and hotel trade with a range inshore economy, local the of part vital a is tourism where areas for addition, In substantially. declined has industry heavy where England north-east and Wales eg south of parts unemployment, of rate high a is there where (iii) and favours small inshore boats, eg waters in many bays coastal and estuaries, and coastline the of nature the (ii) Wales, in eg parts of north-west England, south-west England and west alternatives, economic few (i) presents where; remoteness important particularly is fishing This areas. many coastal role in socio-economic of important backbone an playing the communities, are fisheries Inshore Conclusions 14. vr h ls 5 er, nhr fseis ae fared have fisheries inshore years, 5 last the Over late the since fishing inshore in trend the However, of fisheries coastal the review, this in seen be can As ik o mngmn seais n csses a be can assessed. ecosystems on scenarios management of risks and impacts the way this In environment. marine the on processes anthropogenic and natural of effects the model in the say development of new tools such as a GIS that enable us seen to have has years 5 to last the inclusion, Finally, able decisions. management are stakeholder parties of interested trend all where increasing an is there ecosystems play an increasingly important part. which In addition, on in activity anthropogenic of zone, impact the of coastal considerations the in more management a towards integrated moving are we longer and no isolation in are viewed fisheries result, a man’s As with improves. activities interactions the and ecosystems marine of knowledge our as issues environmental general more of and resources marine of needs conservation the of aware made increasingly are We management. fisheries does so sustainable on fisheries. dependent commercial are as resources as just are and trades tackle and bait local the support also Anglers income. seasonal important increasingly and welcome a represents parties angling charter out taking skippers, commercial many For socio-economic importance of which is gaining recognition. least at the sector, angling have the in background a with member now one SFCs Several fisheries local issues. in management say vocal increasingly an have groups continues to grow around the coast, and recreational angling fishermen. full-time species’ committed than threat resource in overfishing an of less pose may therefore, and, fluctuations availability to that quickly exploitation of responds level latent a represent They SFCs. and permit schemes for particular fisheries operated by several licence various from available are estimates though fishermen, part-time of number the on figures accurate no are There industry. the in participants recent more as well as communities, coastal remote more in farmer-fishermen their income from fishing - of a definition part that larger covers the traditional derive not do who those as defined are fisheries should not be underestimated. Part-time fishermen example. for coast, north-east the on increased have importance of velvet crabs and catches of bass by trawlers the and developed, have markets new However, declined. As the nature of inshore fisheries is constantly changing, Although not quantified in this report, recreational angling coastal many in fishermen part-time of importance The 79 15 references 2002. The , P., l k e r a W n d a 1989. The coastal fisheries S.I. T.E., 1983. The coastal fisheries coastal The 1983. T.E., , , , G.D. e r s g o e n f o r d R i c k e t t B n d n d a a 1995. The coastal fisheries of England and , M.G., P , M.G. , M.G. , ., 1990. Bass Nursery Areas and other Conservation , M.J., y a w s o n w s o n w s o n r n o n coastal fisheries of England and Wales; part IV: a review of their status in 1999–2001. Sci. Ser. Tech. Rep., CEFAS Lowestoft, 116: 83pp. of England and Wales; part I: a review of their status in 1981. Int. Rep., MAFF Direct. Fish. Res., Lowestoft, 9: 54pp. of England and Wales, part II., a review of their status in 1988. Int. Rep., MAFF Direct. Fish. Res., Lowestoft, 19: 64pp. Wales, Part III: A review of their status 1992–1994. Fish. 100: Lowestoft, Res., Fish. Direct. MAFF Rep. Tech. Res. 99pp. Measures. MAFF, WOAD. MAFF Publications, . 15pp. a a a P P P G A 15. References 80 appendix 1 Appendix 1. Defra, SFC and EA districts of districts EA and SFCDefra, 1. Appendix England and Walesand England 81 appendix 2 ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) spp.) Clupea harengus Salmo trutta) Crangon vulgaris Pandalus montagui Osmerus eperlanus Raja spp.) Solea solea) Sprattus sprattus) Loligo Galeorhinus galeus) Scophthalmus maximus Buccinum undatum Sprattus sprattus and Merlangius merlangus Chlamys opercularis ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( Shrimps, unspecified ( ( ( ( (

Scallop, queen Sea trout Shrimp, brown Shrimp, pink Shrimp, unspecified Silver smelt Skate/ray Sole, Dover Sprat Squid Tope Turbot Whelk Whitebait Whiting

) and ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) serratus) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Liza aurata spp.) leander ( spp.) Chelon labrosus Pecten maximus Ostrea edulis) Crassostrea gigas) Littorina littorea Sardina pilchardus Pleuronectes platessa Pollachius pollachius Pandulus borealis Palaemon Ensis spp.) Pollachius virens Salmo salar) Ammodytes Clupea harengus Trachurus trachurus Microstomus kitt) Molva molva) Homarus gammarus Scomber scombrus Lophius piscatorius) Liza ramada, Mullus surmuletus Mytilus edulis Nephrops norvegicus Carcinus maenus Palinurus elephas Sepia officinalis Limanda limanda Scyliorhinus stellaris) Squalus acanthias Zeus faber) Anguilla anguilla) Platichthys flesus Melanogrammus aeglefinus Merluccius merluccius Dicentrarchus labrax) Pagellus Scopthalmus rhombus Mercenaria mercenaria Tapes philippinarum Cerastoderma edule Gadus morhua Conger conger Cancer pagurus) Maia squinado Liocarcinus puber) ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( (Triglidae spp.) ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( (

names names of fish and shellfish species mentioned in this report

(Dublin Bay

Nephrops Sandeel Scallop Prawn, English Razorshell Saithe/coalfish Salmon Plaice Pollack Prawns, deep sea Oysters, Pacific Periwinkle Pilchard Oysters, native Mullet, red Mussel Mackerel Monkfish/angler Mullet, grey Lemon sole Ling Lobster Hake Herring Horse mackerel Flounders/fluke Gurnard Haddock Dogfish, nurse/huss Dogfish, spurdog Dory Eel Crawfish Cuttlefish Dab Crab, spider Crab, velvet Crab, shore Cod Conger eel Crab, brown Brill Clam, American Clam, Manila Cockle Bass Bream Appendix Appendix 2. The common and scientific prawn or Norwegian lobster) 82 appendix 3 Appendix 3. The major crustaceanmajor The 3. Appendix fisheries of England and Walesand England of fisheries

83 appendix 4

fisheries fisheries of England and Wales Appendix Appendix 4. The major molluscan Head office Centre for Environment, Tel +44 (0) 1502 56 2244 Fisheries & Science Fax +44 (0) 1502 51 3865 Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Web www.cefas.co.uk Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK Cefas is an executive agency of Defra

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