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THE STUARTS Digitized by the Internet Archive lUUtfUUUIUIIMM */£. 2Z. a & Sgjr THE STUARTS Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2012 with funding from National Library of Scotland http://www.archive.org/details/stuartsbeingilluOOfost ///y/V. j / THE STUARTS BEING OUTLINES OF THE PERSONAL HISTORY OF THE FAMILY ILLUSTRATED FROM PORTRAITS, MINIATURES, &c. IN THE MOST CELEBRATED COLLECTIONS BY J. J. FOSTER, F.S.A. AUTHOR OF "BRITISH MINIATURE PAINTERS AND THEIR WORKS," "CONCERNING THE TRUE PORTRAITURE OF MARY STUART," "FRENCH ART FROM WATTEAU TO PRUD'HON," Etc., Etc. DICKINSONS JFiiu art ^uMissfrns to fttx Hate ittajcstg &&* ©uccn 114 NEW BOND STREET, LONDON, W. MCMVII PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITED, LONDON AND BECCLES. "O* - »" lo . -a 1366 , — CONTENTS Pages Preface ..... vii List of Illustrations and Owners ix Biographical Summary xi Chapter I. Introductory II. Mary Stuart- 6-16 III. In i) France 17-30 IV. In j) Scotland 3!-39 V. In — Rizzio, )j Scotland Darnley, and Bothwell 40-53 VI. — >> In England Captivity 54-65 — VII. j) In England Her Prisons and her Execution 66-80 VIII. Her Character, Portraits, and Relics . 81-97 IX. James I. of England and VI. of Scotland 98-119 X. Charles I. 120-130 I. XI. Charles {continued) . i3!-i5 2 XII. Charles II. 153-180 XIII. James II. 181-200 XIV. William and Mary 201-205 Anne .... 206-212 XV. The Chevalier St. George 213-221 XVI. The Young Chevalier . 222-235 XVII. The End 236-250 PREFACE HIS new edition of "The Stuarts" is issued at the suggestion of several friends who have represented that the expensive form in which the book originally appeared, viz. in two volumes folio, with 228 illustrations, debarred many from purchasing it. The work has been carefully revised, and contains the whole of the letter-press of the first edition, except references to certain plates which are omitted ; and the Appendices, one of which latter, namely, a list of portraits of Mary Stuart, has been treated of by me in a separate volume, lately published, and styled, "Concerning the True Portraiture of Mary Stuart," to which those of my readers who desire fuller information on that fascinating subject are referred. It only remains for me to express once more my indebtedness to the owners of the original pictures selected as illustrative of the text. The high quality and authenticity of the works, so generously placed at my disposal, lend value to the book, whilst the charm of these examples of contemporary Stuart Art speaks for itself. J. J. FOSTER. October, 1907. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS AND OWNERS. Sir A. Van Dyck Duke of Norfolk (Frontispiece) toface Charles I. in Armour V 4 ' PAGE James III. and IV. and Ascribed to H H.M. The King, Holyrood ... 6 Margaret of Denmark Van der Goes Mary of Guise National Portrait Gallery, 10 London Mary Stuart when Young... Janet Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris. 18 Lord Darnley when Young Lord Bolton ... 40 Mary Stuart when Sixteen Duke of Devonshire ... 90 Mary Stuart Earl of Leven and Melville ... 96 James I. and VI. ... National Portrait Gallery ... 98 Henry, Prince of Wales ... F Van Somer National Portrait Gallery 106 Elizabeth, Queen of Bohemia Mireveldt Duke of Portland no James I. and VI. when Duke of Devonshire ... ... 118 Eight Years old Charles I. as a Boy Duke of Portland 122 Henrietta Maria (Profile) ... Sir A. Van Dyck Earl of Denbigh 126 Princess Henrietta Anne ... Sir A. Van Dyck Duke of Devonshire ... ... 130 The Mother of Oliver G. Fanshawe, Esq. Cromwell 138 Oliver Cromwell S. Cooper Duke of Devonshire Richard Cromwell Charles Butler, Esq. Shirt of Charles I. ... P. Berney Ficklin, Esq. 146 Title of (in text) Page Prayer Book W. J. Evelyn, Esq. 147 of Charles I. Head of Charles I., as seen From a Drawing A. Broadley, Esq. (in text) 150 when his coffin was open- by Sir H. Hal- ed, 1813 ford Charles II. as a Boy Sir A. Van Dyck Duke of Portland ... 154 Miss Jane Lane H. Lane, Esq. ... ... 158 The Duchess of Cleveland S. Cooper H.M. The King j 1 64 " " La Belle Stuart S. Cooper H.M. The King j Nell G wynne Clay Figure Mr. Dormer (in text) ... 170 TO FACE PAGE The Execution of the Regi- Old Print British Museum (in text) 171 cides Charles II. in Robes S. Cooper Duke of Richmond and Gordon 178 Mary of Modena 1 H.M. King The s ) 188 James II. ... ... S. Cooper ...J H.M. The King ) James, Duke of Monmouth, S. Cooper H.M. The King 192 as a Boy Graham of Claverhouse, Vis- Miss Leslie-Melville 198 count Dundee Effigy of Queen Mary II. ... ••• Westminster Abbey ... 202 Queen Anne and William, M. Dahl Earl Spencer ... ... 208 Duke of Gloucester Sarah Jennings, Duchess of Sir Godfrey National Portrait Gallery 210 Marlborough Kneller Chevalier de St. George as Philip J. G. Howard, Esq., of 214 a Boy Corby Chevalier de St. George in T. Blanchet W. J. Hay, Esq., of Dunns 220 Advanced Years Prince Charles Edward when T. Blanchet W. J. Hay, Esq., of Dunns 224 Young Prince Henry, Cardinal of Duke of Hamilton 242 York Holograph Letters and Autographs of Mary Stuart, Henrietta Maria, Oliver Cromwell, Charles II,, Prince Rupert, James II., Duke of Monmouth, The Chevalier St. George, and Cardinal York. A SHORT BIOGRAPHICAL SUMMARY OF THE SOVEREIGN STUARTS The House of Stewart, afterwards Stuart, in Scotland Robert II. Born 1316. Succeeded his uncle, David II., in 1371. Married Marjory, eldest daughter of Robert I. Died 1390. Robert III. Born 1340. Succeeded, on abdication of his father, 1390. Married Annabella Drummond. Died 1406. James I. Born 1394. Prisoner in England for eighteen years. Succeeded in 1406. Married Joan Beaufort, daughter of John, Earl of Somerset, son of John of Gaunt. Murdered at Perth, 1437- James II. Born 1430. Succeeded 1437. Married Mary of Gueldres. Killed at siege of Roxburgh, 1460. James III. Born 1453. Married Margaret of Denmark. Slain at Bannockburn, 1488. James IV. Born 1473. Succeeded 1489. Married Margaret Tudor, eldest daughter of Henry VII. Killed at Flodden Field, 15 13. James V. Bom 1512. Succeeded 1513. Married (i) Magdalen of France; (ii) Mary of Guise. Died a few days after Battle of Solway Moss, 1542. Mary. Born 1542. Succeeded her father when but a few days old. Married (i) the Dauphin, afterwards Francis II.; (ii) Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley (1565); (iii) James, Earl of Bothwell (1567). Returned from France to Scotland in 1561. Fled to England, 1568. Beheaded at Fotheringhay, 1587. Union of the crowns of England and Scotland James I. and VI. Born 1566. Proclaimed king, in Scotland, 1567. Succeeded to throne of England, 1603. Married Anne of Denmark, 1590. Died 1625. Charles I. Born 1600. Succeeded 1625. Married Henrietta Maria, daughter of Henry IV. of France, 1625. Took up arms against the Long Parliament, 1642. Beheaded January 30, 1649. Charles II. Born 1630. Fled to France after Naseby. Crowned at Scone, 1651. Defeated at Worcester, same year. Restored 1660. Married Catherine of Braganza, 1660. Died 1685. James II. Born 1633. Succeeded his brother, 1685. Married (i) Anne Hyde (born 1637), 1659; (ii) Mary d'Este, daughter of the Duke of Modena. Abdicated 1689. Died 1701. William III and Mary II. Son of William II. of Orange and Mary, eldest daughter of Charles I. Born 1650. Married 1678, Mary, daughter of James II. and Anne Hyde. Succeeded 1689. Died 1702.—Mary, born 1662. Succeeded 1689. Died 1694. Anne. Born 1665, Succeeded 1702. Married George, Prince of Denmark, 1683. Died 1714. The Roman Catholic Line excluded by the Act of Settlement, 1701 James III. Born 1688. Eldest son of James II. and Mary of Modena. Married 1719, Maria Clementina, daughter of Prince James Sobieski, of Poland. Died 1766. Styled the Chevalier St. George. Charles III. Born 1720. Landed in Scotland, 1745. Defeated at Culloden, 1746. Married Louisa, Princess of Stolberg, 1772. Died at Rome, 1788. Styled the Young Chevalier, and Count of Albany. Henry IX. Born 1723. Created Cardinal, 1747. Died at Rome, 1807. Some other Stuarts referred to in this volume Moray. James Stuart, Earl of. Born 1530. Warm supporter of Knox. Opposed his sister Mary, and was made regent when she abdicated. Assassinated by James Hamilton, of Bothwellhaugh, at Linlithgow, in 1570. Darnley. Henry Stuart, Lord. Born 1546. Son of Matthew Stuart, Earl of Lennox. Grandson of Margaret Tudor by her second marriage (with the Earl of Angus). Married Mary Stuart, 1565. Murdered at Kirk o' Field, 1567. Stuart. Lady Arabella. Born 1575. Daughter of Charles Stuart, Earl of Lennox, and first cousin to James I. Married William Seymour, son of Lord Beauchamp, afterwards Duke of Somerset. Put into the Tower on a charge of aspiring to the throne, where she died, insane, 161 5. Henry. Prince of Wales. Born 1594. Eldest son of James I. "The hope of the Puritans." Died 1612. Elizabeth. Daughter of James I. Born 1596. Married Frederick, Elector Palatine, in 1613. Returned to England in 1660 with her nephew, Charles II. Died in London, 1662. Rupert. Prince, of Bavaria. Born 1619. Son of Elizabeth and the Elector Palatine. Took service under Charles I. Died 1682. Mary. Princess. Eldest daughter of Charles I. Born 1631. Married William II., Prince of Orange, in 1641. Died 1660. Elizabeth. Daughter of Charles I. Born 1635. Died at Carisbrook Castle, 1650. Gloucester. Henry, Duke of. Son of Charles I. Born 1640. Died 1660. Henrietta. Princess Henrietta Anne. Daughter of Charles I. Born at Oxford, 1644. Married Philip, Duke of Orleans, brother of Louis XIV., 1661. Died 1670. Monmouth. James, Duke of. Natural son of Charles II. Born 1649.
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