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Home , Geography of Antarctica

antarc tic OFTHE IIUNITED [IN U STATES

March 1981 National Science Foundation Volume XVI—N umber 1

scientific investigation-13 oceano- Science in —a summary of graphic and biological voyages by the Discovery. During that time Richard E. national activities Byrd of the United States flew from the edge of the to the and routinely used radio communica- The expeditions of many countries began after the Sixth International Geo- tions, aerial photography, and air travel— have been drawn to Antarctica and its graphical Congress in 1895 urged the that have made possible todays large surrounding oceans over the last 200 promotion of research. Within scale science programs. After World years for vastly different reasons and at two decades the South Pole had been War II in 1946-1947 the largest national varying levels of commitment. In the reached, and scientists had begun to expedition to be launched was under- 18th and 19th centuries Cook, Ross, explore the interior of the continent. taken by the U.S. Navy. "Operation Wilkes, and others circumnavigated the Highjump" included 13 ships, 25 air- region or mapped portions of its coast. Between 1923 and 1939 the United craft, and more than 4,000 men. Serious investigations of the continent Kingdom conducted the first continuing In the 1950s international enthusiasm for science opened the way for the International Square at the U.S. McMurdo Station on . United States to propose that Antarctica be made a major component of the In- ternational Geophysical Year (1957-1958). The 12-nation effort, the first major in- ternational science program to be con- ducted in Antarctica, laid the founda- tion for the Antarctic Treaty and made possible the level of international co- operation which exists today.

At the conclusion of the International Geophysical Year, the 12 nations that had participated in the antarctic work formally recognized the cooperative spirit of the venture by drafting the Antarctic Treaty. In 1959 representatives of Ar- gentina, Australia, Belgium, Chile, France, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, South Africa, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States gathered in Washington, D.C. to draft and sign the document.

The Treaty, which entered into force in 1961 after ratification by the 12 na- NSF photo tions, includes an agreement for free

access to the continent for peaceful, sci 300 00 300 entific investigation. As of the end of South 1980, 10 additional nations (Brazil, Bul- garia, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, the South Georgia German Democratic Republic, the Fed- Sanae eral Republic of Germany, the Nether- Orcadas (Argentina) (South Africa) lands, Poland, Romania, and Uruguay) Novolaza revs kaya (USSR) Georg von 500 had acceded to the Treaty. Accession to 600 •• Syowa (Japan) NeumeyerNeurneyer the Treaty is open to any member nation V Molodezhnaya (USSR South Halley^(U. K,. (FRG) of the United Nations or any nation, Shetland (Japan) with the consent of all Consultative Par- 7/Island s Genera Mawson ties. An acceding nation may become a (Australia) Consultative Party if it demonstrates its ano iii (Argentina) \ interest in Antarctica by conducting sub- Shelt Davis stantial scientific research activity, such as establishing a year-round scientific station. e 90°E Siiep (USA) Amundsen Scott (USA) Mirnyy • Vostok (USSR (USSR) eRoss She Casey (Australia) .McMurdo (USA) Russkaya Scott (New Zealand) SSRV I I \ / 1200

70°S Dumont dUrvllle (France Leningradskaya \ / (USSR) \ / South Pacific Ocean 150

The map shows the location of year-round stations In Antarctica, with the exception of stations. Editor: Winifred Reuning

Antarctic Journal of the United States, established in 1966, reports on U.S. activities in Antarctica and related ac- Today more nations than ever before correspondence and other contact with tivities elsewhere, and on trends in the are interested in Antarctica, and many representatives Qf various national ant- U.S. Antarctic Research Program. It is nations are taking an active role in re- arctic programs. published quarterly (March, June, Sep- search on the continent. While inter- tember, and December) with a fifth an- national cooperation is frequent, the re- nual review issue by the Division of Po- search programs are, for the most part, lar Programs, National Science National research programs Foundation, Washington, D.C. 20550. independent and national. Twelve na- Telephone 2021357-7817. tions maintain year-round research pro- grams that include station, ship, and, Argentina: The country maintains eight year-round stations, six along the Subscription rates are $7.50 per five is- frequently, aircraft operations. These Antarctic Peninsula, one on the Luit- sues, domestic, and $9.40 per five is- represent virtually the only human ac- sues, foreign; single copies are $1.00 tivities in Antarctica. The levels of effort, pold Coast east of the Filchner , ($1.25 foreign) except for the annual geographic location, and type of re- and one on Berkner Island. In 1978 the review issue, which is $5.50 ($6.90 for- search vary significantly among the na- wintering population at Argentine sta- eign). Address changes and subscrip- tions. Science programs for the most tions was approximately 200. The gravel tion matters should be sent to the Su- runway at Marambio Station (64° 17S perintendent of Documents, U.S. part fall among five disciplines—biolog- ical and medical sciences, ocean sci- 56° 45W) has made possible regular C- Government Printing Office, Washing- 130 airplane flights between the station ton, D.C. 20402. ences, glaciology, sciences, and atmospheric sciences. and South America. In the last 2 years, The. Director of the National Science Argentina has purchased the Bahia Par- Foundation has determined that the To show the level of current interest aiso, a supply ship; the Almirante Irizar, publication of this periodical is neces- in Antarctica, a country-by-country a 14,000-ton icebreaker equipped for sary in the transaction of the public summary of national activities follows. marine research; and the Puerto Deseado, business required by law of this agency. Principal sources of information are the an ice-strengthened research ship. The Use of funds for printing this periodical annual exchanges of information under countrys research program includes ef- has been approved by the director of the Antarctic Treaty and the Scientific forts in most of the five scientific disci- the Office of Management and Budget Committee on Antarctic Research, sup- plines, with marine science concen- through 30 September 1984. plemented by information received by trated in the Drake Passage and other the National Science Foundation through nearby antarctic waters.

ANTARCTIC JOURNAL

Argentina, which has asserted a claim new 360-foot long, ice-strengthened re- Seas, includes bottom sampling, core to the Antarctic Peninsula and adjacent search ship is expected to be completed collection, depth sounding, multi-chan- areas, has had an active antarctic pro- by 1982 and will have space for 35 crew nel seismic reflection profiling, sono-ra- gram since 1904. members, 40 scientists, and 26 addi- dio buoy refraction sounding, magne- tional passengers. tometry, gravimetry, and terrestrial heat Australia: Three year-round Austra- lian stations with a winter population During the 1980-81 season, two FRG flow measurements. In another major marine project this season, Japanese sci- of about 75-85 personnel are operated ships, the RIV Walter Herwig and RJV entists surveyed in various areas in . The ice-strengthened Meteor, surveyed krill in the Scotia Sea around Antarctica. ship M/V Nella Dan, chartered from a with the U.S. RV Melville and Polish Danish firm, provides intercontinental RN Professor Siedlecki. The two Federal In 1969, Japanese reseachers discov- transport and resupply for the stations Republic of Germany ships also sup- ered nine meteorites in the Queen Fa- and is supplemented by the MN Thala ported science projects in the Weddell biola Mountains at 71° 30S 35° 40E. Dan and Nanok S. During the summer, and Scotia Seas. In earth sciences, a Over the last decade this discovery has field parties are supported locally by major expedition in northern Victoria led to other highly productive meteorite small airplanes and helicopters. Land was undertaken during the searches, some in collaboration with 1979-1980 austral summer. The project, In 1978, following a major policy re- U.S. scientists in southern which focused on the Robertson Bay view of its program, Australia began to and others by the Japanese near their area (71° 25S 170°E) between Capes rebuild its stations with completion of stations in East Antarctica. Adare and Barrow, was supported by the effort expected by 1990. Efforts are the RJV Schepelsturm along with three Japan and the United States have also being made to expand the countrys re- helicopters for aerial support. cooperated in a variety of geological and search program, which includes all five geophysical programs in recent years. disciplines with emphasis in glaciology Japan, the United States, and New Zea- and meteorology. France: The country maintains one year-round station (Dumont dUrville at land are cooperating in a seismic inves- In 1980 headquarters for the Austra- 66° 40S 140° 01E) on the coast of Adelie tigation of Mt. Erebus on Ross Island. lian program were moved to a new com- Land with a winter party of about 35. New Zealand: , New Zea- plex in Hobart, Tasmania, which also The MN Thala Dan is chartered for the lands year-round station, is approxi- will serve as the headquarters for the resupply of the French station and, on mately 3 kilometers from the U.S. Commission and Secretariat of the Con- a cooperative basis, occasionally resup- McMurdo Station on Ross Island. The vention on the Conservation of Antarc- plies Australian stations. The French station has a wintering population of 11 tic Marine Living Resources (signed by scientific program emphasizes glaciol- and a summer population of approxi- 15 nations in September 1980). ogy, particularly profiling, traverses, mately 90. One summer station, Vanda, Chile: Three year-round stations are and deep ice drilling, and upper atmos- is in Wright Valley in southern Victoria maintained along the Antarctic Penin- phere studies. sula supplemented by temporary sta- In recent years, France and the United tions occupied during the austral sum- States have conducted cooperative gla- mer. About 50 people winter at the ciology projects, have installed auto- Year-round stations of the Antarctic Chilean stations. Three ships, aided by Peninsula. helicopters, support a program focused matic weather stations for joint use and on marine research. have cooperated in solar astronomy at South Pole Station. During the 1981-82 Bellingshausen (USSR) During the 1979-1980 season, expan- season, French and U.S. scientists will sion of one station, Base Teniente Marsh, conduct glaciological research and ice- Arctowski was begun with the extension of the sta- core drilling at in East Antarc- (Poland) tions runway to accommodate large air- tica. France claims a sector of East Esperanza (Argentina) craft beginning in the 1981-1982 season. Antarctica. Teniente Other planned additions include a major CapitIn Rodolto Vicecomodoro Arturo Marsh Marambio meteorological facility and "tourist Japan: Approximately 30 people main- (Chile) (Argentina)1) hotel." Chile has asserted a claim to the tain Japans two year-round stations, rat Antarctic Peninsula and adjacent areas. Syowa (69°S 39° 35E) and Mizuho (70° /ChileP General Bernardo 42S 44° 20E), in East Antarctica. The Primave Higgins (Chile) Federal Republic of Germany: The most icebreaker Fuji, operated by the Mari- (Argentina) . recent signatory to the Antarctic Treaty, time Self Defense Force, currently re- the Federal Republic of Germany com- supplies the stations; a contract has pleted a year-round station (Georg von been placed for a 12,000-ton icebreaker 65 o Almte8rown.-% Neumeyer) at 70° 37S 8° 22W in March to replace Fuji by about 1982. / (Argentina) -, 1981. The new station will have a sum- Palmer (USA) mer population of about 30 and a win- The Japanese scientific program fo- Larsen Faraday (U.K.) tering population of 5-10. The country cuses on meteorology and ionospheric Ice Shelf also has completed two major marine physics, although marine research, es- pecially marine ecology and assessment geophysical cruises aboard a sophisti- 6 1 cated survey ship under contract from of resource potentials, does receive sig- General private industry to the government. A nificant attention. During the 1980-1981 San Martin season, the Japanese completed the first (q (Argentina) year of a 3-year marine seismic survey Rothera (U.K.) References to territorial claims throughout from aboard an ice-strengthened ship, this report are for information purposes only. Hakurei Maru, in the . The United States does not recognize territo- The survey, to be continued in the Wed- rial claims in Antarctica. dell (1981-1982) and Ross (1982-1983)

March 1981 Land; a second summer station is main- fore Poland attained consultative party tion of 75. Annual resupply is by two tained at on northwest Ross status. ships, the John Biscoe and the Bransfield, Island. Rebuilding of Scott Base was be- with support of an ice patrol ship, while gun in 1976 and is expected to be com- The research ship Professor Siedlecki summer field parties are supported by pleted in the mid-1980s. and the trawler Tazar support the sta- helicopters and two Twin Otter airplanes. tions and are used for biological and fisheries research. The science effort in- The British science program inclues all Under a cooperative agreement with cludes geology, glaciology, geophysics, five disciplines with particular attention the United States, New Zealand ex- meteorology, and ocean sciences. Re- to marine research. The two supply changes several C-130 airplane round search programs were often conducted ships are equipped with research labo- trips between Christchurch and Mc- in conjunction with the Soviet antarctic ratories for taxonomy, population and Murdo, aircraft crews at McMurdo Sta- expedition in previous years. tion, and other services at the U.S. stag- ecology studies, and deep water re- ing base in Christchurch for transporation South Africa: Sanae Station, South Af- search trawling. to and within Antarctica during the ricas station on the coast of Queen The United Kingdom recently up- summer season. Maud Land, has been in operation since graded extensively and to some extent the International Geophysical Year and rebuilt its stations. Also, major modifi- New Zealand has operated its pro- has a winter crew of about 16. The na- cations have been made in the John Bis- gram continually since the International tions research effort focuses on the at- coe to give the ship greater capability for Geophysical Year. Field programs in- mospheric sciences. ocean research. The United Kingdom has declared a claim to the Antarctic clude glaciology, biology, geophysics, A new ice-strengthened research ship, Peninsula and adjacent areas. seismic studies, ionospheric physics, the Agulhas, was recently completed and and topographical surveys and map- put into service, and a new fisheries re- United States: The United States op- ping. During the 1980-1981 season, search ship Africana will be launched in erates four year-round stations and sup- New Zealand conducted seismic sur- 1982. Future plans include the possible ports these stations by both airplanes veys in the Ross Sea area from aboard use of Puma SA330 helicopters in con- and ships. The annual winter popula- the chartered ship Benjamin Bowring. junction with the Aguihas. tion is approximately 115. Large ski- New Zealand scientists have also con- equipped airplanes (LC-130 Hercules) ducted marine geophysical studies Soviet Union: Since 1975, the Soviet resupply the two inland stations through through the . New Zea- Union has been expanding its capabili- McMurdo, the U.S. main station, where land has asserted a territorial claim ties to include two more stations in ad- materials are delivered by cargo and which includes the Ross Sea and adja- dition to the six stations already in op- tanker ships. Icebreakers annually break cent land areas. eration. Seven of the Soviet stations, the sea ice in McMurdo Sound to open Norway: During the International one at the geomagnetic South Pole and a channel for the supply ships. Palmer Geophysical Year and until 1959, Nor- six dispersed around the antarctic coast, Station, on Anvers Island off the west way operated a station on the coast of are operated year-round with a total coast of the Antarctic Peninsula, is re- . Presently the coun- winter population of 288. supplied by icebreaker and the research try maintains no permanent stations on trawler Hero. The Soviet research program focuses the continent. A marine geophysical on meteorology, upper atmosphere The U.S. research program comprises survey, from aboard the was Polarsirkel, physics, and earth sciences. Although terrestrial and marine biology, medical initiated during the 1976-1977 season little terrestrial biology is conducted, research, upper atmosphere physics, and has been continued every other marine biology and fisheries resource meteorology, glaciology, oceanogra- year. Two temporary stations were sup- studies, coupled with an active fishing phy, and earth sciences. Large field ported in 1977 while the ship operated fleet in and near antarctic waters, are camps are supported by LC-130 air- in antarctic waters. emphasized. In 1971 up to 80 Soviet planes and helicopters, which are also ships near Kerguelen Island, south of used for field research in remote inland Although the countrys antarctic ac- Africa, caught an estimated 40,000 tons areas. Marine research is conducted tivities have been limited in recent years, of fish; and during the 1980-1981 sea- from aboard the Hero in the Antarctic Norwegian scientists participate with son, approximately 35 Soviet trawlers Peninsula area, U.S. academic research other antarctic programs during the aus- were sighted in the Scotia Sea working ships, and icebreakers in other areas. tral summer. During the 1980-1981 sea- in a large concentration of krill. son, two scientists studied icebergs with British scientists, and one marine biol- At Molodezhnaya, the countrys main ogist participated in the U.S. research station, a hard-surface (compacted snow) Other national interests cruise in the Weddell and Scotia Seas. runway recently was constructed for Recent research has been done in ocean- wheeled aircraft landings, from which Although Belgium has not conducted ography, marine geology and geophys- intercontinental flights were conducted research in Antarctica since the 1968-1969 ics, marine biology, and meteorology. in the 1979-1980 and 1980-1981 seasons. field season, the country is one of the Norway has declared a sector claim in The Soviets supply their stations and original signatory nations to the Ant- the Atlantic quadrant. support their program by means of six arctic Treaty and participates in all Treaty or seven ships, two of which are Poland: The country has two sta- meetings. Research was carried out dur- equipped for ocean research. tions—Arctowski, a year-round station ing the International Geophysical Year and, until 1961, at a station in Queen on King George Island near the Antarc- United Kingdom: The British Antarctic Maud Land. tic Peninsula, and Dobrowolski, a tem- Survey operates four year-round sta- porary, summer base which was for- tions, one on the coast of the Weddell Of the 13 acceding nations, two, Po- merly the Soviet Station "Oazis." Sea and the others on the Antarctic land and the Federal Republic of Ger- Arctowski was established in 1977 be- Peninsula, with a total winter popula- many, are now consultative parties au-

ANTARCTIC JOURNAL thorized to participate in Treaty meetings. Year-round stations and wintering populations Antarctic activities of other acceding na- Country/Station Coordinates Winter population tions vary. Some send scientists to par- 1980 ticipate in the antarctic programs of var- ious Consultative Parties. Others, such Argentina as Brazil and Uruguay, have acceded to Esperanza 630 24S 560 59W 41 the Treaty but have not announced for- Vicecomodoro Mariambio 640 14S 560 43W 46 mal program plans. General San Martin 680 7S 670 8W 14 Almirante Brown 640 53S 620 53W 12 600 Two observers from the Peoples Re- Primavera 640 9S 57W 16 public of China joined the Australian General Beigrano II 77°46S 380 11W 8 0 49W 22 program and visited the U.S. and New General Beigrano III 770 54S 45 Orcadas 600 45S 440 43W 20 Zealand programs in 1979, and during the 1980-1981 season, a botanist and an Australia oceanographer worked with the Austra- Mawson 670 36S 620 52E 30 hans. Although China has not yet Davis 680 35S 770 58E 21 acceded to the Treaty, a research pro- Casey 660 17S 1100 32E 25 gram, centering on marine science, and a year-round station have been dis- Chile cussed. Recent indications are that China Teniente Rodolfo Marsh Base and Presidente Frei intends to attain Treaty status within 10 Meterological Center 620 12S 580 55W 19 years. Capitan Arturo Prat 62°30S 59°41W 11 General Bernardo OHiggins 630 19S 570 54W 22 In 1977 Taiwan, another nation not yet party to the Treaty, sent a 700-ton Federal Republic fishing vessel to the region off Enderby of Germany Land for 18 days and took a catch of Georg von Neumeyer2 700 37S 80 22W approximately 130 tons. France Dumont dUrville 660 40S 1400 1E 26 For the last 25 years, science has been the primary expression of national in- Japan 390 terests in Antarctica, yet today the con- Syowa 690 S 35E 343 tinents resource potential is drawing Mizuho 700 42S 440 20E increased attention. Two international agreements regarding marine resources New Zealand Scott Base 77°51S 166°45E 11 have been signed in the last decade, and serious discussions towards a similar Poland agreement for mineral resources are un- Arctowski 620 9S 580 28W 19 derway. Since the Treaty does not ad- dress the question of resource rights or South Africa economic benefits, the Treaty Consul- Sanae 700 18S 20 24W 16 tative Parties are working to establish an Soviet Union antarctic resource regime that is both 110 compatible with the principles and pur- Novolazarevskaya 700 46S 50E 34 Molodezhnaya 670 40S 450 51E 117 poses of the Treaty and acceptable to the Mirnyy 660 33S930 01E 61 international community. Vostok 780 28S 1060 48E 26 Leningradskaya 690 30S 1590 23E 12 Russkaya 74°465136°51W 9 Bellingshausen 620 12S 580 58W 29

United Kingdom Signy 600 43S 450 36W 12 Rothera 670 34S680 8W 11 Faraday 650 15S 640 16W 16 Halley 750 31S260 56W 16

United States Palmer 640 46S 640 3W 11 Siple 75056S84015W 5 McMurdo 770 51S 1660 40E 78 Amundsen-Scott South Pole 900S 17

Winter population of Argentinas stations are 3Total winter population for both Japanese sta- based on 1978-1979 reports. tions.

2Winter population of the Federal Republic of Germany station is based on 1980-1981 re- ports.

March 1981 experiments, and collecting geological Federal Republic of Germany joins Treaty samples in Specially Protected Areas and Consultative nations Sites of Special Scientific Interest. If there is doubt as to whether a 1981-1982 pro- ject requires a permit, researchers At a Special Consultative Meeting on 1976 to 1978 summer research expedi- should contact the Division of Polar 3 March 1981 in Buenos Aires, Argen- tions conducted ship-based biological Programs as soon as possible. tina, the 13 Consultative Parties of the and geophysical research. A permanent Antarctic Treaty admitted the Federal station, George von Neumeyer, was Republic of Germany to consultative completed this past season on an ice status. shelf (70°37S 8°22W) on the coast of New Schwabenland. Two scientists and The Federal Republic of Germany, three technicians are wintering at the which acceded to the Treaty in 1979, is new station in 1981. Also this season two the second nation to achieve consulta- German ships, the RIV Walter Herwig tive status since the Treaty was signed and RJV Meteor, participated in a krill by 12 nations on 1 December 1959. Ger- survey and investigation with the U.S. many now has the right to participate ship, RJV Melville and the Polish vessel in the deliberations, recommendations, Professor Siedlecki, in the Weddell and and decisions of the Antarctic Treaty Scotia Seas. consultative meetings. Pd The other 13 Antarctic Treaty con- The new treaty nation achieved its sultative nations are Argentina, Aus- status because of its substantial scien- tralia, Belgium, Chile, France, Japan, tific research activity in Antarctica. Since New Zealand, Norway, Poland, South the 1975-1976 season, the country has Africa, the Soviet Union, the United increased the size of its program. From Kingdom, and the United States.

U. S. Navy photo (XAM-0090-11-79) by Dana B. Sabin. 1981-1982 Antarctic Conservation Act permit Randy Rice prepares fish nets to collect fish from the water beneath the Ross ice applications due Shelf for an investigation of protein metab- olism In cold-adapted fish.

The Antarctic Conservation Act be- were issued. The activities covered by came effective on 1 July 1979. For the the permits included capturing birds Permits are required for certain activ- 1979-1980 season 11 permits were and seals for study in Antarctica or the ities in Antarctica under the regulations issued, and for the 1980-1981 season 12 United States, catching fish for laboratory df the Antarctic Conservation Act of 1978 (published in the June 1979 issue of the Antarctic Journal of the United States). The regulations were imple- mented to conserve and protect mam- mals, birds, and plants native to Ant- arctica and to preserve the ecosystem. Unless authorized by a permit, it is unlawful:

• to take any mammal or bird native to Antarctica. "Take" is defined as re- move, harass, molest, harm, pursue, hunt, shoot, wound, kill, trap, capture, restrain, or tag any native mammal or bird or to attempt to engage in such conduct; • to collect any native antarctic plant in a specially protected area; • to enter any specially protected area or certain sites of special scientific interest; • to import into or export from the United States any mammal or bird na- tive to Antarctica or any part thereof, or any plant collected in a specially pro- U. S. Navy photo (XAM-0096-11-79) by Jeff Hilton. tected area; Two biologists, Larry Kuechie and Jeannette Thomas, from the University of Minnesota Install television monitors and hydrophones for their study of Weddell seals at Hutton • to introduce into Antarctica any non- Cliffs near McMurdo Station. indigenous plant or animal.

6 ANTARCTIC JOURNAL Specially Protected Areas are areas of outstanding ecological interest, while Sites of Special Scientific Interest are areas of unique scientific value requiring protection from interference. In both cases, entry into these areas is prohib- ited without a permit. The National Science Foundation in- itiated the permit system in response to the Antarctic Conservation Act which implements the "Agreed Measures for the Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora" for U.S. citizens. The Agreed Measures, developed in 1964 by the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Parties, provide special protection to the antarc- tic environment. Permits are issued by the Director of the National Science Foundation and are evaluated on the basis of the Conser- vation Act objectives. Violators of the act are subject to heavy fines (up to $10,000) and/or 1-year imprisonment. A booklet, containing a copy of the law with regulations, permit forms, and Scripps institution of Oceanography photo. R/V Melville participated in a multidisciplinary investigation of the Scotia and Weddell Seas instructions, is available from the Permit during 1981. Office, Division of Polar Programs, Na- tional Science Foundation, Washington, D. C. 20550. the region in which colder water masses populations of krill, other zooplankton, of the Weddell Sea mix with warmer and phytoplankton in the transition water masses flowing through the Drake zone between the Weddell Sea and the Passage into the Scotia Sea. Biological Drake Passage. In March, during transit Marine biologists research, under the direction of chief between the South Orkney Islands and discover large krill scientist Osmund Holm-Hansen of , netting operations, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, conducted by marine biologists, showed swarm began in mid-February. One major ob- very dense pupulations of late krill lar- jective of this leg was to obtain data on vae, which did not produce an acoustic krill chacteristics, particularly develop- signature at any of the three frequencies Marine biologists, conducting re- ment and densities. Other studies con- used during the cruises. Other data ducted during the survey included col- search aboard the R/V Melville in the gathered in this region indicate that low Scotia and Weddell Seas in early March, lecting samples of other zooplankton, temperatures may not severely limit encountered a krill (Euphausia superba) phytoplankton, and bacterioplankton, bacterial metabolism and growth. swarm measuring approximately 10 mil- estimating phytoplankton growth rates influenced by light and temperature, lion metric tons. Discovered north of All biological data collected during Elephant Island (61° 10S 55° 14W) near and studying nitrogen cycling with em- phasis on uptake rates of ammonia and this leg will be compared with the chem- the Antarctic Peninsula, the swarm, an ical and physical data from the first leg area of several square miles wide, nitrate as a function of light conditions and size distribution of phytoplankton of the project. By comparing data, the ranged over depths from 18 to 180 populations. researchers hope to gain a better un- meters. The swarm was found during derstanding of the relationship between intensive netting and acoustic studies, Earlier in 1981, physical and chemical the antarctic marine food web and the performed in cooperation with the RN oceanographers had found only low physical environment. Meteor and the Walter Herwig (Federal Republic of Germany) and the Professor Siedlecki (Poland). The mass of the swarm was estimated to be 10 million metric tons, which is equivalent to about one-seventh of the worlds annual total fresh and salt water catch of fish and shellfish (about 70 million metric tons).

The research team was taking part in the second leg of a two-part multidis- ciplinary project, sponsored by the Na- tional Science Foundation, to study the relationships among the physical, chemical, and biological properties of

March 1981 J. P. Katsufrakis Stanford Electronic Laboratories, under Translations of polar the direction of Robert Helliwell, since honored 1961 and has spent 17 austral summers literature into English in Antarctica. He has been instrumental in developing Stanfords antarctic re- In February 1981 at a ceremony in search program, which focuses on the Since 1965 the Division of Polar Pro- Washington, D. C., John P. Katsufrakis behavioral patterns and characteristics grams, National Science Foundation, received the National Science Founda- of very-low-frequency (VLF) waves. VLF has been arranging for translation of for- tions Distinguished Public Service waves are transmitted from Siple along eign books and periodicals into English. Award. Mr. Katsufrakis, an adjunct pro- geomagnetic lines of force through the To date, 99 titles have been translated fessor at Stanford University, was rec- plasmapause and are picked up by a and published; a complete list is pro- ognized for his outstanding contribu- conjugate station in Roberval, Canada. vided below. The translations may be tions to the U. S. Antarctic Research By recording and studying VLF waves purchased from the National Technical Program during the past 19 years. The traveling through the plasmapause and Information Service (NTIS). award, presented by NSF director John reentering the earths atmosphere, Stan- B. Slaughter, is the highest honor con- ford scientists are trying to determine The translations have been performed ferred by the Foundation on individuals how natural and manmade waves cause by overseas contractors under the Spe- or organizations for exceptional service particles to precipitate from the earths cial Foreign Currency Science Informa- to the Foundation. radiation belts into the atmosphere. tion Program. In this program, U.S.- Their research will also help elucidate owned local currencies in foreign coun- the dynamics of the magnetosphere and tries have been used to support scientific ionosphere in the region of Siple Sta- research, science education, transla- tion. During the 1980-1981 research sea- tions, and related activities of benefit to son, the Stanford team took part in a the United States and the participating rocket and balloon campaign at Siple countries. Station to investigate very-low-fre- quency waves. The translations have been performed in Israel, Poland, Yugoslavia, India, Tunisia, Pakistan, and Egypt. Many of the translations are from the Russian lan- guage.

The National Science Foundations Di- vision of International Programs admin- isters the translation programs on behalf of U. S. federal agencies, which may request translation of materials germane to their interests.

Scientists are encouraged to recom- U. S. Navy photo by Charles A. Hitchcock. New ice thickness maximum mend titles of significant works for trans- John Katsutrakis is greeted, as he arrives lation. Such a recommendation should at (McMurdo Stations ice Continuing analysis of radio-echo be in the form of a short letter that gives runway), by a National Science Foundation full bibliographic information regarding representative. sounding data by investigators at Scott Polar Research Institute has revealed a the title, describes the scientific impor- new maximum thickness of the antarctic tance of the work, and states the antici- : 4,776 meters (15,669 feet or pated audience in and the benefits to the 2.97 statute miles) at 69° 54S 135° 12E. United States. At least 6 months is re- In 1971 Mr. Katsufrakis was asked by quired for translation and publication; the Division of Polar Programs to serve The data were gathered jointly by the National Science Foundation and Scott works of lasting value are preferred to as science program coordinator for Siple those of only temporary significance. Station, then under construction. Lo- Polar Research Institute over the last ten years, during which time data for about The letter should be addressed to the cated in the remote interior of Antarctica Polar Information Service, Division of approximately 2,400 kilometers from 50 percent of the antarctic continent were collected. The previous record was Polar Programs, National Science McMurdo Station, Siple was designed Foundation, Washington, D. C. 20550. and is used for upper atmosphere re- 4,540 meters at 77° 5S 117° 5E. search, particularly for controlled stud- The titles below are grouped in subject ies of very-low-frequency waves. Mr. Research was accomplished on flights Katsufrakis assisted with planning for categories established by NTIS. For by the Applied Physics Laboratory of the station, which was completed in prices and order details, please contact the National Technical Information Ser- 1972, and later with a replacement sta- Johns Hopkins University aboard NSF vice, 5852 Port Royal Road, Springfield, tion, completed for the 1979-1980 sea- planes, operated by the U.S. Navy. In- vestigators from the Electromagnetic Virginia 22151; telephone 703/487-4835. son. Since 1971, he has been directly in- Laboratory of the Technical University of volved in planning science and support activities, selecting and training science Denmark designed and constructed the support personnel, and operating the special antennas used to gather data, station. which is now being synthesized in Cam- bridge. A comprehensive Antarctic Gla- Mr. Katsufrakis has worked with the ciological and Geophysical Folio based on magetospheric research project at the this data will be published in late 1981.

ANTARCTIC JOURNAL Atmospheric sciences Radiation Regime of the Foreign Arctic. 1978. M. S. Marshunova and N. T. Chernigovskii. 189 + vi pages. Orig- inally Radiatsionnyi rezhim zarubezh- noi Arktiki (1971). TT-72-51034. Atmospheric Processes in the High Latitude of the Southern Hemisphere. 1964. P. D. Astapenko. 306 pages. Originally At- mosfernye Protessy v Vysokikh Shi- rotakh Yuzhnogo Polushariya (1960). TT-63-11142. Thermal Interaction of the Atmosphere and the Hydrosphere in the Arctic. 1970. Yu. P. Doronin. 244 + viii pages. Origi- I nally Teplovoe vzainodeistvie atmos- fery i gidrosfesy v Arktike (1969). TT-70-50091. Aerology of the Polar Regions. 1967. S. S. Gaigerov. 280 + viii pages. Originally Aerologiya polyamykh raionov (1964). TT-66-51060.

U. S. Navy photo by Paul Delslgnore. An Arcas rocket Is launched from during the 1980-81 rocket-balloon inves- tigation of the magnetosphere. Meteorology

Meteorological Conditions in the Arctic prognozov pogody dlya Arktiki Meteorological and Radiational Regime of During the IGY and ICC. 1975. L. A. (1963). TT-66-51059. Antarctica. 1964. N. P. Rusin. 355 Gavzilovoj. 187 pages. Originally + v pages. Originally Gidrometeo- Meteorologicheskie Usloviya v Ark- Meteorological Conditions in the Arctic Dur- rologicheskoe Izdatelstvo (1961). TI- tike v Period MGG i MGC (1964). TT- ing IQSY. 1971. I. M. Dolgin and L. 64-11097. 73-58015. A. Gavrilova, eds. 145 + vi pages. Problems of the Arctic and the Antarctic. Originally Meteorologicheskie uslo- Atmospheric Circulation and the Related No. 42. 1976. A. F. Treshnikov, ed. viya v Arktike v period MGSS (1968). Fields over the North Pacific. 1971. 128 + iv pages. Originally Problemy TT-70-50100. A. I. Sorkina. 218 + iv pages. Origi- nally Tipy atmosfernoi tsirkulyatsii i Arktiki i Antarktiki, 42 (1973). TT-75- Problems of the Arctic and the Antarctic. 52018. svyazannykh s nei vetrovykh polei Nos. 29-32. 1970. A. F. Treshnikov, nad sevemoi chastyu Tikhogo okeana Problems of the Arctic and the Antarctic. ed. 536 pages. Originally Problemy (1963). TT-70-50129. Nos. 43-44. 1978. A. F. Treshnikov, Arktiki I Antarktiki, 29-32 (1968-1969). TT-70-50017. ed. 207 + iv pages. Originally Prob- Determination of the Water Equivalent of lemy Arktiki i Antarktiki, 43-44 (1974). The Seventh Voyage of R/V "Ob" Snow Cover: Methods and Equipments. TT-75-52082. 1961-1962. 1968. V. Kl. Buinitskii 1971. L. K. Vershinina and A. M. Problems of the Arctic and the Antarctic. and M. E. Ostrekin, eds. 207 + vii Dimaksyan. 142 pages. Originally No. 45. 1979. A. F. Treshnikov, ed. pages. Originally Sedmoi reis d/e Issledovaniya Metodov, Apparatury 171 + iv pages. Originally Problemy "Ob" (1965). TT-68-50312. I Tochnosti Opredeleniya Zapasov Arktiki i Antarktiki, 45 (1974). TT-75- Vody V Snezhnom Pokrove (1969). Soviet Antarctic Expeditions 1961-1963. TT-70-50093. 52083. 1968. A. V. Nudelman. 220 pages. Originally Sovetskie Ekspeditsii v Problems of the Arctic and the Antarctic. Problems of Satellite Meteorology. 1970. I. No. 46. 1979. A. F. Treshnikov, ed. Antarktiku 1961-63 (1965). TT-67- 51402. P. Vetlov and C. I. Morskoi. 102 pages 166 + iv pages. Originally Problemy Originally Voprosy Sputnikovoi Me- Arktiki i Antarktiki, 46 (1975). TT-76- teorologii (1968). TT-70-50001. 52023. Radiation Climate of the Arctic. 1966. M. K. Gavrilova. 178 + iv pages. Origi- Noctilucent Clouds. 1976. V. A. Bron- nally Radiatsionnyi klimat Arktiki shten and N. I. Grishin. 237 + v (1963). TT-66-51058. pages. Originally Serebristye oblaka History, law, and political science (1970). TT-75-50009. Snowfall and Snow Transport During Snowstorms over the USSR. 1971. V. The Status of Antarctica in the Light of Contributions to Long-Range Weather M. Mikhel, A. V. Rudneva, and V. International Law. 1977. Jacek Ma- Forecasting in the Arctic. 1966. A. A. I. Lipovskaya. 180 pages. Originally chowski. 150 pages. Originally Sy- Girs and L. A. Dydina, eds. 240 + Perenosy Snega pri Metelyckh i Sre- tuacja Antarktyki w swietle prawa iv pages. Originally Sbornik Statei gopady na Territorrii SSSR (1969). miedzynarodowego (1968). TT-76- P0 voprosam dologosrochnykh TT-70-50181. 54041.

March 1981 Biochemistry Environmental biology P. Andriyashev, P. V. Ushakov, and B. E. Bykhouskii, eds. 292 + iv New Elements in the Study of Biological Ecology of Sea Colony Birds of the Barents pages. Originally Rezultaty biologi- Nitrogen Fixation. 1973. 356 pages. Sea. 1961. L. 0. Belopolskii. 346 pages. cheskikh issledovanii Sovetskoi An- Originally Novoe v Izchenii Biolo- Originally Ekologiya Morskikh Ko- tarkticheskoi ekspeditsii, 1955-1958 gicheskoi Fiksatti Azota (1971). IT- lonial nykh Ptits Barentsova Morya (1968). TT-70-50014. 73-55110. (1957). TT-61-11487. Diatoms of the Indian and Pacific Sectors of the Antarctic. 1966. 0. C. Koziova. 191 pages. Originally Diatomovye vodorosli Indiiskogo i Tikhookean- Biology Stress physiology skogo Sektorov Antarktiki (1964). TT-66-51154. Development Trends in Methods Used in Medical Research on Arctic and Antarctic Soviet Fisheries Investigations in the Model Populations and Communities. Expeditions. 1973. A. L. Matusov, ed. Northeastern Pacific. Part V. 1972. P. 1975. V. V. Mehshytkyh. 306 pages. 209 pages. Originally Meditsinskie A. Moiseev, ed. 462 pages. Origi- Originally Matematyieckoe Modeji- issledovaniya v arkticheskikh i an- nally Sovetskie rybokhozyaistven- ypobahye Popylyatsyy y Coob- tarkticheskikh ekspeditsiyakh (1971). nye issledovaniya V severo-vosto- shchectb Bodhbix Zhybothbix (1971). TT-72-50004. chnoi chasti tikhogo okeana (1970). TT-73-55111. TT-71-50127.

Biological Reports of the Soviet Antarctic Biological oceanography Expedition (1955-58). Vol. 2. 1966. A. Dynamic oceanography P. Andriyashev, P. V. Ushakov, and F. P. Pavlovskii, eds. 452 pages. Biology Reports of the Soviet Antarctic Water Circulation in the Arctic Basin. 1973. Originally Rezultaty biologicheskikh Expedition (1955-58). Vol. 1. 1966. A. A. F. Treshnikov and C. I. Baranov. issledovanii Sovetskoi Antarktiches- P. Andriyashev, P. V. Ushakov, and 145 + iv pages. Originally Struktura koi ekspeditsii, 1955-1958 (1964). TI- E. P. Pavlovskii, eds. 316 pages. tsirkulyatsii vod Arkticheskogo bas- 66-51062. Originally Rezultaty biologiches- seina (1972). TT-72-50088. kikh issledovanii Sovetskoi Antark- Automization of Gathering and Analysis Biological Reports of the Soviet Antarctic ticheskoi ekspeditsii, 1955-1958 of Scientific Information on the Problem Expedition (1955-58). Vol. 3. 1968. A. (1962). TT-66-51061. of Atmosphere and Ocean Interaction. P. Andriyashev, P. V. Ushakov, and 1972. Ye. P. Borisenkov and I. A. F. P. Pavlovskii, eds. 426 + iv pages. Biological Reports of the Soviet Antarctic Dubkin. 253 pages. Originally Au- Originally Rezultaty Biologicheskikh Expedition (1955-58). Vol. 4. 1970. A. tomatizatsiya Sbora i Analiz Nauch- Issledovanii Sovetskoi Antarktiches- koi Ekspeditsii, 1955-58 (1967). TT- 68-50313.

Calanoida of the Far Eastern Seas and Polar Basin of the USSR. 1967. K. A. Brod- Emperor penguins on the sea ice near McMurdo Station. skii. 440 pages. Originally Oprede- liteli po Faune SSSR no. 35 (1950). TT-67-51200.

Cryptogamic Plants of the U.S.S.R. 1970. Z. I. Glezer. 363 pages. Originally Flora Sproovykh Pastenii SSR vol. 7 (1966). TF-70-50046.

The Parasitology of Fish of Northern Marine Waters of the USSR: Parasites of the Fish of the Barents Sea. 1966. Yu. I. Polyan- skii. 163 pages. Originally Materialy P0 Parazitologii ryb Severnykh Morei SSR. Parazity ryb Barentsov Morya (1955). TF-66-51047.

Vascular Plants of the Siberian North and the Northern Far East. 1969. B. A. Tik- homirov. 223 pages. Originally Ras- teniya Severa Sibiri I Dalnego Vostoka (1966). TF-68-50340.

Reindeer Husbandry. 1968. P. S. Zhigu- - 2 nov. 354 pages. Originally Severnoe Olenevodstvo (1961). TT-67-51247. U.S. Navy photo (XAM-0005-10-79) by Jan HiltOn.

10 ANTARCTIC JOURNAL Seventh, Eighth, and Ninth Soviet Ant- arctic Expeditions, 1962-1964. 1970. P. K. Senko, ed. 253 + iv pages. Orig- inally Sedmaya, Vosmaya I devy- ataya kontinentalnye ekspeditsii (1968). TT-70-50099. Antarctica Commission Reports 1960. 1966. V. A. Bugaev, ed. 103 + v pages. Originally Antarktika, Dokiady Kom- issii 1960 (1961). TT-65-50142. Antarctica Commission Reports 1961. 1966. V. A. Bugaev, ed. 169 + v pages. Originally Antarktika, Doklady Kom- issii 1961 (1962). TT-65-50141. Antarctica Commission Reports 1963. 1966. V. A. Bugaev, ed. 188 + iii pages. U. S. Navy photo (90230-78) by Doug Nortrell. Originally Antarktika, Doklady Kom- (780 28S 1060 48E) the USSRs station located near the geomagnetic south pole. issi 1963 (1964). TT-65--50143.

noi Informatsii v Probleme Vzaimo- Stantsii V Antarktike 1882-1963 (1967). Geology and mineralogy deistviya Atmosfery i Okeana (1972). TT-67-59073. Tectonics of TT-74-53002. the Polar Regions of the Earth. The . 1970. K. K. 1973. B. Kh. Egiazarov. 141 pages. Problems of the Arctic and the Antarctic. Markov, V. I. Bardin, V. L. Lebedev, Originally Tektonika Poliyarnikh Ob- No. 47. 1977. A. F. Treshnikov, ed. A. I. Orlov, and I. A. Suetova. 378 lastei Zemli (1972). TT-73-55112. 198 + viii pages. Originally Prob- pages. Originally Geografiya Antark- Geology of the Antarctic Peninsula. 1978. C. lemy Arktiki i Antarktiki, 47 (1976). tidy (1968). TT-70-50015. TT-76-52038. E. Grikurov. 140 pages. Originally Geologiya Antarkticheskogo Poluos- Investigations of the Polex South-75 Pro- Soviet Antarctic Expeditions, 1955-59. 1959. trova (1976). TT-76-52000. gram. 1979. A. F. Treshnikov, ed. 176 A. V. Nudelman. 138 pages. Origi- + viii pages. Originally Issledovaniya nally Sovetskie Ekspeditsii v Antark- Collected Papers of Soviet Antarctic Expe- po Programme POLEKS-Yug-75 (1976). tiku 1955-59 (1966). TT-65-50146. ditions. 1969. V. C. Averyanov, ed. 11-77-52006. 266 + v pages. Originally Nauchnye Soviet Antarctic Expeditions, 1959-1961. rezultaty rabot Sovetskikh Antarkti- 1962. A. V. Nudelman. 156 pages. cheskikh Ekspeditsii (1968). Geodesy Originally Sovetskie Ekspeditsii v An- TT-69-55085. tarktiku 1959-61 (1962). TT-65-50145. Antarctica Commission Reports 1962. 1969. Recent Sedimentation in the Bering Sea. V. A. Bugaev, ed. 187 + vi pages. 1969. A. P. Lisitsyn. 614 + x pages. Geographical Description of the Bering Sea: Botton Relief and Sediments. 1964. P. L. Originally Antarktika, Doklady Kom- Originally Protsessy sovremennogo issii 1962 (1963). TT-68-50491. osadkoobrazovaniya v Beringovon Bezrukov, ed. 188 + iv pages. Orig- more (1966). 11-68-50315. inally Geograficheskaya Kharakteris- Soviet Antarctic Research 1956-1966. 1970. tika Beringova Morya: Relef Dna i V. A. Bugaev, ed. 218 + iv pages. Donnye Otlozheniya (1959). Originally Osnovnye itogi izucheniya T-17-64-11020. Antarktiki za 10 let (1967). TT-69-55004. Geography Problems of Polar Geography. 1970. M. I. Belov, ed. 264 + iv pages. Originally The Mountains of the Central Part of Queen The Antarctic. 1971. Academy of Sciences Problemy polyarnoi geografii (1968). Maud Land. 1968. V. I. Bardin. 112 of the USSR. 279 pages. Originally TT-69-55084. + vi pages. Originally Gory tsentral- Antarktika (1965). TT-67-59071. noi chasti Zemli Korolevy Mod (1966). The Tenth Soviet Antarctic Expedition TT-68--50314. The Antarctic. 1971. Academy of Sciences 1965-1966 (sic): General Description of the USSR. 262 + iii pages. Origi- and Scientific Results. 1971. M. E. Os- The Pre-Cambrian of East Antarctica. 1968. nally Antarktilça (1966). TT-67-59072. trekin and I. G. Petrov, eds. 459 + M. C. Ravich, L. V. Klimov, and D. iv pages. Originally Desyataya soy S. Solovev. 533 pages. Originally Do- Antarctica. Commission Reports 1967. -etskaya Antarkitcheskaya ekspedit- kembrii Vostochnoi Antarktidy (1965). 1971. V. A. Bugaev. 222 ± v pages. siya (1969). TT-70-50072. 11-67-51403. Originally Antarktika Doklady Kom- Geology and Petrology of the Mountains of issii 1967 (1969). TT-70.-50088. The 11th Soviet Summer Antarctic Expedi- Central Queen Maud Land (Eastern tion 1965-1966. 1971. D. D. Maksutov, Antarctica). 1969. M. G. Ravich and Scientific Stations in Antarctica 1882-1963. ed. 134 + iv pages. Originally Odin- D. S. Solovev, eds. 348 + vi pages. 1971. L. I. Dubrovin and V. N. Petrov. nadtsataya sezonnaya ekspeditsiya Originally Geologiya i petrologiya 429 + vii pages. Originally Nauchnye 1956/66 g. (1969). TT-70-50073. tsentralnoi chasti gor zemli Korolevy

March 1981 11 Mod (Vostochaya Antarktida) (1966). Problems of the Arctic and Antarctic. Nos. Shelf Glaciers of Queen Maud Land. 1969. TT-68-50488. 33-35. 1973. A. F. Treshnikov, ed. 403 Yu. A. Kruchinin. 183 pages. Origi- pages. Originally Problemy Arktiki i nally Shelfooye Ledniki Zemli Loro- Antarktiki, 33-35 (1970). TT-72-50006. levy Mod (1965). TT-68-50489. Hydrology and limnology Problems of the Arctic and Antarctic. Nos. Deformation and Strength of Ice. 1971. Hydrometeorology of the Polar Regions. 36-37. 1973. A. F. Treshnikov, ed. 332 V. V. Lavrov. 164 + v pages. Origi- 1967. C. Ya. Vangengeim and A. F. pages. Originally Problemy Arktiki i nally Deformatsiya I prochnost lda Laktionov, eds. 280 + vii pages. Orig- Antarktiki, 36-37 (1970). 11-72-52006. (1969). TT-70--50130. inally Voprosy gidrometeorologii po- Physical Properties of Snow Cover of the lyamykh oblastei (1963). TT-66-51146. The Antarctic Committee Reports 1969. Greater Caucasus. 1975. C. M. Ku- 1975. V. A. Bugaev, ed. 242 pages. Manual of Forecasting Ice-Formation for vaeva, C. K. Culakvelidze, and oth- Originally Antarktika, Dokiady Kom- ers. 307 + iv pages. Originally Fizi- Rivers and Inland Lakes. 1966. L. G. issii 1969 (1971). TT-72-52012. Shulyakovskii. 252 pages. Originally cheskie svoistva snezhnogo Pokrova Prognozy Ledovykh Yavlenii na Re- Bolshogo Kavkaza (1967). Soviet Antarctic Expedition (14th). 1974. TT-71-51039. kakh i Vodokhranilishchakh (1963). N. A. Kornilova. 254 pages. Origi- TT-66-51016. nally Sovetskaya Antarkticheskaya Glaciation of the Novaya Zemlya. 1974. Oases in Antarctica. 1969. A. V. Solopov. Ekspeditsiya. Trudy 57 (1971). 0. P. Chizhov and V. S. Koryakin. 146 + v pages. Originally Oazisy v TT-72-58016. 798 pages. Originally Oledenenie No- Antaktida (1967). TT-68-50490. voe Zemli (1968). TT-70-59126. Problems of the Arctic and Antarctic. No. 40. 197. A. F. Treshnikov, ed. 133 + iv pages. Originally Problemy Ark- Soil mechanics Physical oceanography tiki i Antarktiki, 40 (1972). Permafrost Soils and their Regime. 1969. TT-72-50089. T. A. Sokolova, E. M. Naumov, and Soviet Oceanographic Expeditions. 1974. K. others. 210 pages. Orginally Mer- K. Deryugin. 203 pages. Originally The Antarctic-Committee Reports No. 11. 1974. V. A. Bugaev, ed. 560 pages. ziotne Pochvy I Ikh Rezhim (1964). Sovetskie Okeanografitseskie Ekspe- 11-67-59067. ditii (1968). TT-73-58017. Originally Antarktika (USSR) no. 11 (1972). TT-74-53004. Terrestrial magnetism Radiophysical Methods of Research in the Data of Glaciological Studies: Chronicle Dis- Arctic Ocean and Antarctica. 1970. V. V. cussions. 1974. 713 pages. Originally Geophysical Explorations in the Soviet Arc- Bogorodskii, ed. 212 + v pages. Orig- Materialy Glasiologicheskikh Issle- tic and Antarctic. 1968. A. P. Nikolskii inally Radiofizicheskie metodi v issle- dovanii Khronik Obsuzhdeniya (1972). and I. A. 01, eds. 126 pages. Origi- dovaniyakh Severnogo Ledovitogo TT-74-55029. nally Geofizicheskie issledovaniya v okeana i Antarktiki (1968). sovetskoi Arktike I Antarktike (1962). TT-69--55083. Dynamic Glaciology. 1978. P. A. Shum- 11-68-50316. skiy. 162 + viii pages. Originally Din- (An additional recent translation is de- The Sixth Voyage of RIV "Ob" 1960-1961. amicheskaya Glatsiologiya (1969). scribed on page 14.) 1968. A. F. Treshnikov, ed. 228 + iv TT-76-52019. pages. Originally Shestoi reis die "Ob". TT-68-5031 1. Sea Ice. 1977. Yu. P. Doronin and D. E. Kheisin. 323 + xi pages. Originally Krill and other food resources in the Ant- Morskoi Led (1975). TT-75.-52088. arctic Area. 1974. W. Fischer. 288 pages. Originally (Euphausia Superba) Pro- Ice Forecasting Techniques for the Arctic tokolle zur Fischereitechnik. Seas. 1976. B. A. Krutskih, Z. M. TT-75-55088. Gudkovich and A. L. Sokolov, eds. 236 pages. Originally Voprosy Meto- diki Ledovykh Pognozov Dlya Arkti- cheskikh Morel (1970). 11-75-52077. Problems of the Arctic and the Antarctic. Snow, ice, and permafrost No. 41. 1975. A. F. Treshnikov, ed. 152 + iv pages. Originally Problemy Problems of the Periglacial Zone. 1975. Arktiki i Antarktiki, 41 (1973). Alfred Jhn. 202 pages. Originally 11-74-52009. Zagadnienia Strefy Peryglacjalnej (1975). TT-72-54011. The Physics of Ice. 1971. V. V. Bogorod- Studies in Ice Physics and Ice Engineering. skii, ed. 157 + vi pages. Originally 1973. C. N. Yakovlev, ed. 192 + vi Fizika lda (1970). TT-70-50158. pages. Originally Fiziko-tekhniches- kie issledovaniya lda (1971). The Snow Cover of the Antarctic and its Role TT-72-50005. in the Present-Day Glaciation of the Con- tinent. 1966. V. M. Kotlyakov. 256 Problems of the Arctic and Antarctic, No. + vi pages. Originally Snezhnyi pok- 38. 1973. A. F. Treshnikov, ed. 187 roy Antarktidii i ego rot v sovremen- pages. Originally Problemy Arktiki i nom oledenenii materika (1961). Antarktiki, 38 (1971). TT-72-52007. TT-65-50144.

12 ANTARCTIC JOURNAL Foundation awards of funds for antarctic projects, Gray, Rodney E. ITT Antarctic Services, Inc., Paramus, New Jersey. Support 1 October to 31 December 1980 for the U.S. Antarctic Research Pro- gram. DPP 80-03801. $3,500,000.

Landrum, Betty J. Smithsonian Institu- tion, Washington, D.C. Recording data and sorting biological sample col- Following is a list of National Science Foundation antarctic awards made from I lections from polar regions. DPP October to 31 December 1980. Each item contains the name of the principal inves- 74-13988. $51,960 ($123,230). tigator or project manager, his or her institution, a shortened title of the project, the award number, and the amount awarded. If an investigator received a joint award Langway, Chester C. State University from more than one Foundation program, the antarctic program funds are listed of New York, Buffalo, New York. first, and the total amount of the award is listed in parentheses. Awards were Operation of the central ice core stor- initiated by the Division of Polar Programs. age facility and information exchange. DPP 75-08512. $19,000 ($62,000).

Pearigen, Jare M. Department of De- fense, Washington, D.C. Logistics for the U.S. Antarctic Research Progran, Glaciology Support and services 1980-1981. DPP 76-10886. $25,000,000.

King, Elbert A. University of Houston, Devore, George W. Florida State Uni- Thuronyi, Geza T. Library of Congress, Houston, Texas. Investigation of com- versity, Tallahassee, Florida. Curator- Washington, D.C. Abstracting and in- etary dust in antarctic ice. DPP ship of antarctic core collections. DPP dexing service for current antarctic lit- 78-20410. $32,036. 75-19723. $141,162. erature. DPP 70-01013. $132,486.

-

U.S. Navy photo (XAM-0531-E-12-80) by Brad F. Guttilla. An ealy antarctic explorer, of the United Kingdom, built this hut on , Ross Island (770 38S 1660 24E) in February 1908. The Antarctic Division of the New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research restored the building in 1961. , Ross Islands active , rises in the background.

March 1981 13

Antarctic and arctic reference materials available New bathymetric chart available

Between 1964 and 1975, the American 1:5,000,000) of the Arctic and Antarctic Geographical Society, with support from are available. Another offering at a re- the National Science Foundation, pub- duced price is an authoritative history A general bathymetric chart of the lished a variety of polar regions refer- of U.S. involvement in Antarctica, oceans surrounding Antarctica was ence materials. In June 1980 the remain- Americans in Antarctica, 1775-1948 (554 published in 1980 by the Canadian Hy- ing inventory of these publications, pages, hardbound) by Kenneth J. drographic Service under the authority which includes arctic and antarctic books, Bertrand. of the International Hydrographic Or- maps, and map folios, were turned over ganization and the Intergovernmental to the Foundation and are available at As some map folios are available only Oceanographic Commission. The chart a greatly reduced cost. in limited quantities, orders will be filled focuses on the antarctic continental mar- gin and adjacent sea floor south of 60° S. The Antarctic Map Folio Series consists on a first come, first served basis. If a of 19 folios, each containing a text and purchase order is used, the order must extensive references along with color be for $25 or more. These items will not maps and drawings in an 11 by 17 inch be reprinted, although plans are being case. Topics covered in these folios in- made to have microform copies made The chart was produced in stereo- graphic projection with a scale 1:6,000,000 clude climatology of the troposphere available through the National Technical 750 and lower stratosphere, terrestrial life, Information Service. A list of available at S. Sources for contours of shore- glaciers, structure of antarctic waters publications with prices can be obtained line, under-ice terrain, ice surface, and between 20°W and 170°W, distribution from the Polar Information Service, Divi- ice-free areas were maps produced by of select marine invertebrates south of sion of Polar Programs, National Science the American Geographical Society, the 35°S, birds of the Antarctic and suban- Foundation, Washington, D.C. 20550. Scott Polar Research Institute, and the tarctic, and antarctic mammals. Some The Smithsonian Oceanographic Sorting Australian Department of National De- folios are out of print. Four-color, 40-by- Center, Washington, D.C. 20560 is velopment. Bathymetric and echo 54-inch topographic maps (scale handling sales. sounding data were obtained from var- ious sources in Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, New Zealand, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States. New Russian translation available

Problems of the Arctic and the Antarctic dunng magnetospheric storms. Prob- G. L. Johnson, U. S. Navy, Office of 48 (1976, 173 p., TT-52011), edited by lems of nonlinear mechanics of hydro- Naval Research, and Jean-Rene Vanney, A. F. Treshnikov, was translated into meteorological elements are considered, Laboratoire de Geologie Dynamique, English for the National Science Foun- and original installations and instru- Universite Pierre et Marie Curie in Paris, dation and published in 1981. Many of ments for hydrometeorological research served as scientific coordinators, and the papers in this volume were pre- are described. D. J. Drewry and C. de Q . Robin, Scott sented by Soviet scientists at the fourth Polar Research Institute, University of Microfiche and copies of the book are annual Arctic and Antarctic Scientific Cambridge, provided special topo- available from the National Technical Research Institute conference of young graphic assistance. Information Service, U.S. Department specialists held in Leningrad in Decem- of Commerce, Springfield, Virginia ber 1973. 22161. When ordering, cite TT number. The chart, which costs Can$5, is avail- The collections 21 papers deal with The National Science Foundation ar- able from the Hydrographic Chart Dis- problems relating to the hydrometeo- ranged for the translation under a pro- tribution Office, Department of Fisher- rological regime in the Arctic and Ant- gram that employs overseas contractors ies and Oceans, 1675 Russell Road, arctic, radio wave absorption in the using foreign currencies held by the P. 0. Box 8080, Ottawa, Ontario, Can- ionosphere, and arctic magnetic activity United States. ada K1G 3H6.

14 ANTARCTIC JOURNAL

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Monthly climate summary

November 1980 December 1980 January 1981 Feature McMurdo Palmer Siple South Pole McMurdo Palmer Siple South Pole McMurdo Palmer Siple South Pole -25.2 -8.8Average temperature (°C) -2.0 -18.7 -33.8 -3.4 0.5 -13.5 -3.8 1.6 -12.0 -24.1 Temperature maximum (°C) -1.1 -3.0 -1.1 -22.5 -6.8 3.0 -4.5 -18.0 3.3 8.0 -1.6 -17.1 (21) (1,22) (28) (30) (7) (9,17,18 (12) (22) (21) (11,26) (19) (18 22,25) Temperature minimum (°C) -16.7 -10 -2&9 -46.7 -12.7 -2.0 -22.0 -31.0 -13.9 -2.0 -23.6 -35. (16) (7) (6) (7) (4) (7,12) (13) (26) (15) (1,18) (27) (31 Average station pressure (mb) 992.45 985.75 864.1 688.28 988.45 990.1 864.38 686.76 987.3 983.3 865.7 687.2 Pressure maximum 1000.98 1000.0 875.5 694.38 993.13 1012.0 870.98 696.92 997.29 1007.0 867.5 696.2 (mb) (16) (18) (23) (6,23) (18) (18) (18) (28) (12) (21) (18) (22 Pressure minimum 976.57 962.4 854.2 681.10 974.87 979.8 856.93 680.5 975.72 974.6 855.3 672.0 (mb) (1) (14) (17) (30) (5) (23) (26) (7) (25) (12) (2) (25,26 Snowfall (mm) 304.8 6.35 68.5 Trace 109.22 25.4 330.2 Trace 152.4 25.4 269.24 Trac Prevailing wind direction 0900 1700 2080 0200 0450 0500 130° 0200 0700 1500 160° 020 Average wind speed (m/sec) 4.7 2.2 6.3 4.7 4.3 2.6 6.8 4.1 4.6 .04 5.1 4. 10.3 23.7 23.2 13.9 14.3 36.0 20.6 8.1 15.6 - 18.5 12. 1800 0300 2800 3600 2000 3000 140° 020° 090° 090° 360 Fastest wind speed (m/sec) (1) (30) (13) (9) (6) (24) (7) (15) (7) (1) (17 Average sky cover 5.7 5/8 6.3 8.2 6.6 8/8 8.3 8.6 4.9 7.2 9/10 5.( Number clear days 9 8 6.1 6.7 4 0 1.5 12.6 3 1 1.1 13.E Number partly cloudy days 8 10 6.4 7 14 4 4.5 7.1 10 6 2 3.4 Number cloudy days 13 12 17.5 16.3 13 27.0 25.0 11.3 18 24 23.9 13. Number days with visibility less than 0.4 km. 0.3 0 7.3 1.4 0 0 8.3, 0 0 0 3.1 0

Prepared from information received by teletype from the stations. Locations: McMurdo 77°51 S 166040E, Palmer 64046S 64003W, Siple 75055S 83055W, Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station 900S. Elevations: McMurdo sea level, Palmer sea level, Sipie 1000 meters, Amundsen Scott South Pole 2835 meters. For prior data and daily logs contact National Climatic Center, Asheville, North Carolina 28801.

Lii NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION WASHINGTON, D.C. 20550 Postage and Fees Paid National Science Foundation Official Business

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