Mediaeval Society Ryan Reeves

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Mediaeval Society Ryan Reeves https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yh_CZSLMxGo What are the three estates? Early Medieval period they saw themselves as a continuation of the Roman Empire 1000A.D Changes that shape Europe 950-1250 A.D. little optimum is? Effects: higher crop yields, increased lifestyle Agriculture Advances: • Move from two field agriculture to 950-1250 A.D. to a three field system. One strip is summer fallowed, i.e. not farmed. More efficient more food. Yoke for horses: horse collar allows horses to be used without choking them. Effect: can farm new lands, unbroken before, more food Changes in Medieval Society around 1000 A.D. i) Slaves to Serfs: Not the same, Roman slavery very harsh, Medieval commoner tied to the land. ii) Warrior classes become the nobility, knights. • It moves from a fluid class system where you could move up the ranks to a hereditary fixed class system that you are born into iii) Clergy: Christian culture begins to develop in Europe • Clergy develop different services and groups to do different things. • Monasticism challenges the exiting church system. 1000-1200 A.D. Three Estates, Estates of the Realm Pray, fight or work • Eventually you are permanently assigned to a category, it is God’s will that you be in that class • To move up in the classes this could be seen as defying or being unhappy with God’s order. • Beginning of the Monarch’s or king, being seen as Gods chosen representative on earth (separate from the nobles) Third Estate those who work, bottom rank of society • Development of serfdom, Romans Constantine starts idea of tying people to the land. Most were serf. • Burghers 1000 A.D. the middle class starts developing, they break from serfdom. • Burghers develop into separate trades and increased trade (merchants) and wealth. • Burghers are largely urban and eventually some have wealth on a scale with nobility. Second Estate (nobility) • They are in highly mobile at beginning, by 1000 a.d. they move from a warrior class to a leisure class. “Armor to robes” • Begin to also see themselves as placed in their position by God • Nobility and the papacy (church) get into turf wars over power to control the church. First Estate (Church) • Church believes the nobility have no right to tell the church what to do, they are subject to God • The church begins to have a hierarchy, Bishop and higher clergy begin to separate from lower clergy because of wealth • Bishops up begin to draw from nobility not third estate, they become involved with state craft etc. but have little to do with the third estate. • Monks are established often to help and work with the third estate. • Local parish priests become poorly equipped and “learned” • Third estate begins to feel that they are ignored .

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