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Tarsonemid Mites (Acari, Heterostigmatina) Found in Association with Bark Beetles (Insecta, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) in Iran

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Tarsonemid Mites (Acari, Heterostigmatina) Found in Association with Bark Beetles (Insecta, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) in Iran Turkish Journal of Zoology Turk J Zool (2017) 41: 323-328 http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/zoology/ © TÜBİTAK Short Communication doi:10.3906/zoo-1601-46 Tarsonemid mites (Acari, Heterostigmatina) found in association with bark beetles (Insecta, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) in Iran 1, 2 3 Wojciech L. MAGOWSKI *, Ali AHADIYAT , Hadi OSTOVAN 1 Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology, A. Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland 2 Department of Entomology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 3 Department of Entomology, College of Agricultural Sciences, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran Received: 20.01.2016 Accepted/Published Online: 20.09.2016 Final Version: 04.04.2017 Abstract: The authors report on the presence of species of the family Tarsonemidae in association with three bark beetle species (Orthotomicus erosus (Wollaston, 1857), Scolytus scolytus (Fabricius, 1775), and S. multistriatus (Marsham, 1802)) in two provinces in Central and Northern Iran. The following mite species are new for the fauna of Iran: Heterotarsonemus hajekae Smiley and Moser, 1985, H. magowskii Khaustov, 2001, and Tarsonemus crassus (Schaarschmidt, 1959). The genus Heterotarsonemus is newly recorded in Asia. The new record of H. hajekae is the second ever known in the world and H. magowskii is now established as new phoront of the bark beetle host O. erosus. Tarsonemus crassus is recorded outside the Europe for the first time. The taxonomy, identification, relationships with beetle hosts, and biogeography of the newly recorded mite species are briefly discussed. Key words: Taxonomy, Tarsonemidae, Orthotomicus, Scolytus, host association, Ulmus, Pinus Bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) None of the tarsonemids are known to be true parasites of are one of the most important pests of woody plants, with bark beetles, but many use them as phoretic carriers and immense economic impact, attacking unthrifty, broken, sometimes can carry and propagate spores of fungi they over-mature, dying, or, rarely, even healthy hosts (Wood, are feeding on (Moser, 1985; Lombardero et al., 2003). 1982). Among bark beetle species, the larger European Tarsonemid fauna associated with scolytines has been elm beetle, Scolytus scolytus (Fabricius, 1775), the smaller well studied in some parts of the world (Lindquist, 1969a, European elm beetle, S. multistriatus (Marsham, 1802), 1969b; Smiley and Moser, 1974; 1985; Moser et al., 1989; and the Mediterranean pine engraver beetle, Orthotomicus Khaustov and Magowski, 2003; Magowski and Khaustov, erosus (Wollaston, 1857), are considered harmful pests of 2006; Magowski, 2010), but is little known in Iran. To date, several species of forest and ornamental trees. The first of only a small number of publications have reported six these species is distributed in Asia and Europe, while the identified and one unidentified species of Tarsonemidae other two are found on most continents (Bright, 2014). living in association with bark beetles in Iran (Ostovan and All of them are considered destructive pests of forest Kamali, 1997; Ahadiyat et al., 2004; Magowski et al., 2007; and ornamental trees in Iran (Abai, 2009). Bark beetles Magowski, 2010; Arabzadeh et al., 2012). The purpose of share their microhabitats with many species of mites and the present study was to present new and corrected data other microorganisms. Mites of the family Tarsonemidae on species belonging to the genera Pseudotarsonemoides are considered important biofactors in association with Vitzthum, 1921, Heterotarsonemus Smiley, 1969, and bark beetles and their communities (Lindquist and Tarsonemus Canestrini and Fanzago, 1876 recovered from Bedard, 1961; Moser, 1985; Lombardero et al., 2003, and galleries and individuals of three bark beetle species from others). The feeding habits of tarsonemid associates of Tehran and Guilan provinces in Iran. The taxonomic bark beetles are mostly unknown (Pseudotarsonemoides, classification of Tarsonemidae, detailed diagnoses, and Heterostarsonemus, many Tarsonemus) but some descriptions of genera reported herewith can be found in Tarsonemus species are considered fungivores (Lombardero Lindquist (1986). Mite specimens were removed manually et. al. 2000) while fewer (Iponemus Beer and Nucifora, from bark samples or insect individuals collected from 1965) feed on eggs of their insect hosts (Lindquist, 1969b). forests and minor wooded areas during two periods in * Correspondence: [email protected] 323 MAGOWSKI et al. / Turk J Zool Iran. The first sampling was carried out from 1995 to Tribe: Tarsonemini Canestrini and Fanzago, 1877 1997 in various parks and landscapes of two provinces: Genus: Tarsonemus (T.) Canestrini and Fanzago, 1876 Tehran (Nārmak: 35°45′N, 51°31′E; Sa’adat Abad: T. (T.) crassus (Schaarschmidt, 1959): 1♀ on Ulmus 35°46′N, 51°22′E) and Guilan (Rasht: 37°16′N, 49°34′E), sp., Rasht, Guilan Province, 31 May 1997, leg. H. Ostovan; and the second sampling was conducted several times 1♀, 4♂♂, 1 lv in gallery of S. scolytus on Ulmus sp., Rasht, between 2006 and 2010 in pine forests in the western Guilan Province, 31 May 1997, leg. H. Ostovan; 1♂ in gal- region of Tehran Province (Chitgar Park and Peykān- lery of S. multistriatus on Ulmus sp., Rasht, Guilan Prov- shahr, 35°44′ N, 51°12′ E, 1013 m a.s.l.). Mites were ince, 1 June 1997, leg. H. Ostovan; 1♂, 1 lv in gallery of S. mounted on microscopic slides in Hoyer’s medium and scolytus on Ulmus sp., Rasht, Guilan Province, 1 June 1997, subsequently examined with an Olympus BX 50 phase leg. H. Ostovan; 1♀ in gallery of S. scolytus on Ulmus sp., contrast microscope. The material originates from 15 Rasht, Guilan Province, 3 June 1997, leg. H. Ostovan; 1♀ samples. Each sample is represented by collection data phoretic on S. multistriatus on Ulmus sp., Tehran (Nārmak differing by at least one characteristic (e.g., collection region), Tehran Province, 28 May 1997, leg. H. Ostovan. date) from another. The material collected by H Ostovan T. (T.) fusarii Cooreman, 1941: 1♂ in gallery of S. is stored permanently at the Department of Entomology, multistriatus on Ulmus sp., Tehran, Tehran Province, 7 College of Agricultural Sciences, Shiraz Branch, Islamic July 1997, leg. H. Ostovan; 1♀ insect host not mentioned, Azad University (Shiraz, Iran), and that by A Ahadiyat most probably Scolytus sp. on Ulmus sp., location not in- and A Valizadeh at the Department of Entomology, dicated (probably Tehran), 15 April 1997, leg. H. Ostovan; College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Science and 1♀ phoretic on S. multistriatus on Ulmus sp., location not Research Branch, Islamic Azad University (Tehran, Iran) indicated (probably Tehran), 16 April 1997, leg. H. Osto- ♀ and the Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology, van; 1 in gallery of S. multistriatus on Ulmus sp., Tehran (Sa’adat Abad region), Tehran Province, 16 April 1997, leg. A. Mickiewicz University (Poznań, Poland). Collected H. Ostovan; 1♀ in gallery of S. multistriatus on Ulmus sp., samples represent three identified and one unidentified Tehran (Sa’adat Abad region), Tehran Province, 27 May bark beetle species and/or their galleries. The identified 1997, leg. H. Ostovan. tarsonemid individuals belong to three genera and five T. (T.) spp. indet.: 1♀ insect host not indicated, on Ul- species. Three mite specimens could only be identified mus sp., location not indicated (probably Tehran), 20 April to genus level: two of the genus Tarsonemus and one 1997, leg. H. Ostovan; 1♀ in gallery of S. multistriatus on Pseudotarsonemoides. A list of mite species in systematic Ulmus sp., Tehran (Sa’adat Abad region), Tehran Province, order (with their sampling data transcribed from the 27 May 1997, leg. H. Ostovan. original labels) is given below. Identification of the mite material collected in this Family: Tarsonemidae Canestrini and Fanzago, 1877 study has been difficult for multiple reasons. Most im- Subfamily: Pseudotarsonemoidinae Lindquist, 1986 portantly, the taxonomy of nearly all tarsonemid species- Tribe: Pseudotarsonemoidini Lindquist, 1986 groups involved is insufficiently understood. The majority Genus: Pseudotarsonemoides Vitzthum, 1921 of publications originating from the past century contain P. innumerabilis Vitzthum, 1923: 2♀♀ in gallery of S. a number of issues, of which outdated descriptions are the multistriatus on Ulmus sp., Tehran, Tehran Province, 7 July most challenging. A serious effort to sort out the Nearc- 1997, leg. H. Ostovan; P. sp. indet.: 1♀ in gallery of S. sco- tic fauna of bark beetle tarsonemid associates by Smiley lytus on Ulmus sp., Rasht, Guilan Province, 1 June 1997, and Moser (1974) was only a partial success. Insufficient leg. H. Ostovan. insight into some morphological characters resulted in Subfamily: Tarsoneminae Canestrini and Fanzago, confused diagnoses. Those vague diagnostics and out- 1877 dated publications (e.g., Vitzthum, 1921; 1923) being the Tribe: Hemitarsonemini Lindquist, 1986 primary source of data make our identification of the Genus: Heterotarsonemus Smiley, 1969 Pseudotarsonemoides species less reliable. Furthermore, H. hajekae Smiley and Moser, 1985: 2♀♀ in gallery scarce records on the intraspecific variability in the genus of S. multistriatus on Ulmus sp., Tehran (Sa’adat Abad re- Tarsonemus, particularly for T. crassus and T. fusarii, could gion), Tehran Province, 24 September 1997, leg. H. Osto- render the identifications reported herein uncertain. Suski van; H. magowskii Khaustov, 2001: 4♀♀ in galleries of O. (1970),
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