Biologia 68/4: 712—719, 2013 Section Zoology DOI: 10.2478/s11756-013-0198-y

New species and record of the genus Petalomium (: Heterostigmatina: Neopygmephoridae) associated with ants (Hymenoptera: Formicoidea) from Iran

Hamidreza Hajiqanbar1 & Alexandr Khaustov2

1Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, 14115-336, Tehran, Iran; e-mail: [email protected] 2Nikita Botanical Gardens – National Scientific Center, Yalta, Crimea, 98648,Ukraine

Abstract: The Petalomium camponoti Hajiqanbar & Khaustov sp. n. (Acari: : Neopygmephoridae) is described based on females recovered from ants Camponotus buddhae Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) which were collected from a nest located on heights near Shirvan city, northeastern Iran. We also found Petalomium gottrauxi Mahunka, 1977 associated with Camponotus aethiops Latreille from the same locality. These findings present the first record of the genus Petalomium Cross from Iran. A key to species of the genus Petalomium associated with ant genus Camponotus Mayr is presented and host range of the Petalomium is discussed. Key words: mite; ant; phoretic; Camponotus;Formicidae

Introduction tus Mayr, 1981 ants is provided and host range of the genus Petalomium is discussed. The nests of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicoidea) provide a suitable habitat for wide range of includ- ing (Arachnida: Acari). Generally, the suborder Material and methods Prostigmata (Acari: ) contains one of Mites were recovered from an ant colony. Insect individu- the largest assemblages of mites associated with ants als were collected directly from their nest by tweezers and and their nests. Among prostigmatic mites, closely re- placed into a vial containing 75% ethanol. The mites were lated fungivorous heterostigmatic families Microdispi- cleared in lactophenol and mounted in Hoyer’s medium. dae, Scutacaridae, and Neopygmephoridae encompass a The morphology of the mite specimens was studied with very much array of myrmecophilous genera and species. an Olympus BX51 phase contrast microscope. All measure- µ Although is it known that neopygmephorid genera ments in this description are given in m for the holotype and five paratypes (in parentheses). The terminology and Acinogaster Cross, 1965 and Petalomium Cross, 1965 setal notation follow that of Lindquist (1986). are inhabitants of ant nests and are associated with The holotype of new species is deposited in the Acaro- a wide range of ant species, only limited information logical Collection, Department of Entomology, Faculty of is available about their biology and interactions with Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. One their ant hosts (Eickwort 1990). Ebermann & Rack paratype deposited in the followings: Zoological Institute, (1982) reared Petalomium fimbrisetum Ebermann et University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Collection of Rack, 1982 on a fungal diet under laboratory condi- Nikita Botanical Gardens, Yalta, Crimea, Ukraine. The rest tions. of paratypes (10) as well as the material of Petalomium got- The genus Petalomium includes about 35 species trauxi are retained with the holotype. and is distributed in almost all zoogeographic realms of the world. Until now, neopygmephorid genera Bakerda- Systematics nia, Pseudopygmephorus, Allopygmephorus and Para- pygmephorus have been recorded from Iran but the Family Neopygmephoridae Cross, 1965 genus Petalomium has never been found in this coun- Genus Petalomium Cross, 1965 try (Kamali et al. 2001; Khaustov & Hajiqanbar 2004, 2006; Hajiqanbar et al. 2011). Here, we describe a Petalomium camponoti sp. n. (Figs 1–7) new species of Petalomium and report a previously described species from northeastern Iran. Moreover, a Diagnosis. The new species is easily distinguished key to Petalomium species associated with Campono- from all known species of the genus by the characteris-

c 2013 Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences New species and record of the Petalomium from Iran 713

Fig. 1. Petalomium camponoti sp. n., female. Dorsal aspect of body. Scale 100 µm. tically modified, spine-like setae 4b. In remaining con- longer than and anterior to ch2; dorsomedian apodeme geners, setae 4b are seta-like. evident and diffuse in distal half; subcapitulum with one pair of pointed and smooth subcapitular setae su Description. Phoretic female: length of idiosoma 247 10 (10–12); pharyngeal pump system (Fig. 3) including (229–265), width 169 (141–187). three pumps, pumps 1 and 2 striated, pumps 1 and 3 Gnathosoma (Figs 1–3). Length of gnathosoma small, but pump 2 well developed and subcylindrical; 26 (25–28), width 27 (26–28). Gnathosomal capsule palps appressed to gnathosomal capsule, dorsally bear- rounded subpentagonal in dorsal aspect, almost as wide ing two smooth and pointed setae dGe 10 (10–11) and as long; dorsally with two pairs of pointed and smooth dFe 7 (7–8), ventrally with one small solenidion and cheliceral setae ch1 16 (16–17) and ch2 12 (12–14), ch1 accessory setigenous structure (ass), palps terminated 714 H. Hajiqanbar &A.Khaustov

Figs 2–3. Petalomium camponoti sp. n., female. 2 – Ventral aspect of body, 3 – pharyngeal pumps. Scales 100 µm (Fig. 2), 20 µm (Fig. 3). with a tibial claw; minute palpcoxal setae pp inserted gite D with arched posterior margin, bearing one pair near to articulation of each palp to the gnathosomal of setae d 68 (64–73) and one pair of cupuli ia situ- capsule. ated anterolaterally to setae d; tergite EF with almost Idiosomal dorsum (Fig. 1). All dorsal plates straight posterior margin, with two pairs of setae e 37 smooth; all dorsal idiosomal setae thick, distinctly (33–40) and f 85 (80–88), seta f more than twice (al- barbed and pointed except v2 which is smooth and most 2.3 times) longer than e andinsertedanteriorto needle-like; prodorsal shield (PrS) with two pairs of e; tergite H with a distinct protuberance in the mid- setae v2 8 (7–9), sc2 47 (46–50), one pair of capitate dle of posterior margin, bearing two pairs of setae h1 trichobothridia (sc1) and one pair of distinctly rounded 90 (80–101), h2 73 (65–81) and one pair of cupuli ih stigmata with well developed atria and tracheal sys- placed anterolaterally to base of setae h2,setah1 longer tems located at mid-level of the prodorsum; tergite C thanh2; distances between dorsal idiosomal setae: v2-v2 with distinctly arched anterior margin but posterior 50 (48–55), sc2-sc2 46 (43–51), c1-c1 66 (62–74), c2-c2 margin convex in middle part and concave in lateral 122 (119–141), c1-c2 28 (28–32), d-d 59 (57–73), e-e 85 parts, bearing two pairs of setae c1 68 (66–72) and c2 86 (75–101), f-f 68 (63–81), e-f 10 (8–14), h1-h1 25 (20–28), (82–89), c2 longer than and slightly posterior to c1;ter- h2-h2 48 (44–58), h1-h2 11 (12–15). New species and record of the Petalomium from Iran 715

Figs 4–5. Petalomium camponoti sp. n., female. 4 – Left leg I; 5 – Left leg II. Scales 20 µm.

Idiosomal venter (Fig. 2). All presternal setae lar and acute, median genital sclerite (mgs) well devel- barbed and pointed, setae 1b thicker and shorter than oped; posterior margin of aggenital plate (Ag) curved other presternal setae; most poststernal setae smooth throughout; pseudanal plate with three pairs of setae and pointed except setae 4b which are characteristi- ps1 17 (14–19), ps2 13 (11–14), ps3 10 (9–10) and anal cally modified, distinctly spine-like; ventral apodemes slit, ps1 > ps2 > ps3, ps1 sparsely barbed. (ap1–4, appr, apsej, appo) well-developed, ap5 short, Legs (Figs 4–7), leg I (Fig. 4). Setal formula (num- secondary transverse apodeme (sta) visible; coxal fields ber of solenidia in parentheses): 1-3-4-16(4); thicker I–II and III–IV with two and three pairs of setae each, than other legs; terminated with one sickle-like claw respectively; coxal field I: 1a 47 (40–52), 1b 30 (26– opposed to modified unguinal setae u’-u”. Tibiotarsus: 30); coxal field II: 2a 47 (44–49), 2b 44 (41–46), se- with five blunt-ended eupathidial setae p”, tc’, tc”, ft’ tae 1a and 2a subequal and longest in anterior sternal and ft”; tc” located on a distinct pinnaculum; setae d, plate; coxal field III: 3a 42 (36–43), 3b 42 (40–50), 3c k, l’, l”, v’, v”, pv’ and pl’ barbed; the rest of setae of the 35 (31–37), setae 3a and 3b subequal and longer than segment smooth; solenidion ω1 12 (11–12) prominent, 3c;coxalfieldIV:4a 47 (42–51), 4b 40 (36–43), 4c 43 well-developed and finger shaped; solenidia ω2 8 (7–8) (40–47), setae 4a longer than 4b and 4c; posterior mar- and φ2 9 (9–11) homomorph, thin and finger shaped; gin of posterior sternal plate concave medially; anterior solenidion φ1 10 (9–10) clubbed. Genu: setae of the seg- and posterior genital sclerites (ags and pgs) subtriangu- ment barbed except v”;setael”, v’ and v” subequal and 716 H. Hajiqanbar &A.Khaustov

Figs 6–7. Petalomium camponoti sp. n., female. 6 – Right leg III; 7 – Right leg IV. Scales 20 µm. shorter than l’. Femur: seta d hook-like; seta l’ modi- l’ and v” of the same length and longer than v’ and d; fied, dagger-like; setae v” and l’ subequal and smooth. solenidion φ 7 (6–7) finger shaped. Genu: seta l’ smooth, Trochanter: seta v’ smooth and subequal to femoral se- v’ barbed, both subequal. Femur: seta d thicker and tae v” and l’. longer than l’, both barbed. Trochanter: seta v’ barbed. Leg II (Fig. 5); setal formula: 1-3-3-4(1)-6(1); Tar- Leg IV (Fig. 7); setal formula: 1-2-1-4(1)-6; longer sus: seta pv’ smooth; the rest of the setae of the seg- and thinner than other legs; Tarsus: seta tc” smooth; ment barbed; solenidion ω 12 (11–13) prominent, finger the rest of the setae of the segment distinctly barbed; se- shaped, located at the base of the segment. Tibia: all tae tc’ and pl” protruding beyond tip of the leg. Tibia: setae of the segment barbed; setae d and l’ subequal all setae barbed; seta d protruding beyond tip of the and shorter thanv’ and v”; solenidion φ 6 (6–7) finger leg; setae v’ and l’ subequal; solenidion φ 7 (6–7) fin- shaped. Genu: all setae of the segment barbed; setae v’ ger shaped. Genu: the single seta v’ barbed. Femur: and l’ subequal and longer than l”.Femur:allsetaeof both setae barbed; seta d almost twice longer than v’. the segment barbed; seta l’ longer than v”,bothshorter Trochanter: seta v’ barbed. and thinner than d. Trochanter: seta v’ smooth. Male and larva unknown. Leg III (Fig. 6); setal formula: 1-2-2-4(1)-6; Tarsus: seta pl” smooth; the rest of the setae of the segment Type material. Holotype – female (HH2007-1) and barbed. Tibia: all setae of the segment barbed; setae 12 female paratypes, phoretic on Camponotus buddhae New species and record of the Petalomium from Iran 717

Table 1. Host records of Petalomium species associated with ants.

Host ant taxa Petalomium species Reference Subfamily Genus

Formicinae Lasius P. tauricum Khaustov, 2005 Khaustov (2005) P. tothi Mahunka & Zaki, 1984 Khaustov (2005) P. tumidisetosum (Willmann, 1951) Khaustov (2005) P. fimbrisetum Ebermann & Rack, 1982 Ebermann & Rack (1982); Khaustov (2005) P. aleinikovae (Sevastianov, 1967) Sevastianov (1967); Khaustov (2005) P. carelitschensis (Sevastianov, 1967) Sevastianov (1967); Khaustov (2005) P. scyphicum (Sevastianov, 1967) Sevastianov (1967); Mahunka (1970b, 1977); Khaus- tov (2005) P. rarum (Sevastianov, 1967) Sevastianov (1967) P. volgini (Sevastianov, 1967) Sevastianov (1967) P. lancetochaetosus (Sevastianov, 1974) Sevastianov (1974) P. podolicum (Sevastianov, 1967) Sevastianov (1967); Mahunka (1970b, 1977); Mahunka & Zaki (1984) P. nataliae (Sevastianov, 1967) Sevastianov (1967); Mahunka (1977); Mahunka & Zaki (1984) P. chaetosum (Krczal, 1959) Krczal (1959) P. myrmecophilum (Mahunka, 1965) Mahunka (1977) P. pseudomyrmecophilum Mahunka, 1970 Mahunka (1970b, 1977) P. chmelnickensis (Sevastianov, 1969) Sevastianov (1969)

Formica P. tauricum Khaustov, 2005 Khaustov (2005) P. brevisetum Khaustov, 2005 Khaustov (2005) P. formicarum (Berlese, 1903) Mahunka (1977); Mahunka & Zaki (1984) P. rarum (Sevastianov, 1967) Sevastianov (1967); Khaustov (2005) P. podolicum (Sevastianov, 1967) Sevastianov (1967); Mahunka (1970) P. sawtschuki (Sevastianov, 1967) Sevastianov (1967); Mahunka (1970b) P. chaetosum (Krczal, 1959) Krczal (1959); Nemestothy & Mahunka (1981) P. kurosawai Kurosa, 1986 Kurosa (1986)

Camponotus P. gottrauxi Mahunka, 1977 Mahunka (1977); This study P. heterotrichus Mahunka, 1970 Mahunka (1970a) P. aculeatum japonicum Kurosa, 1986 Kurosa (1986) P. krczali Cross, 1965 Cross (1965) P. camponoti Hajiqanbar & Khaustov sp. n. This study

Myrmicinae Myrmica P. podolicum (Sevastianov, 1967) Sevastianov (1967) P. gottrauxi Mahunka, 1977 Mahunka (1977) P. aleinikovae (Sevastianov, 1967) Sevastianov (1967) P. carelitschensis (Sevastianov, 1967) Sevastianov (1967) P. rackae Metwali, 1981 Metwali (1981) P. tumidisetosum (Willmann, 1951) Mahunka (1977)

Messor P. messori Chydyrov, 2007 Chydyrov (2007) P. spp. Uppstrom & Klompen (2011)

Tetramorium P. tumidisetosum (Willmann, 1951) Khaustov (2005)

Solenopsis P. hofstetteri Khaustov & Moser, 2008 Khaustov & Moser (2008)

Ecitoninae Eciton P. spp. Cross (1965); Berghoff et al. (2009)

Forel, 1892 (Hym.: Formicidae) collected from a nest lo- cate in P. brevisetum), setae f subequal or shorter than ◦ ◦ cated in Shirvan city heights (37.74 N, 58.08 E, altitude h1 (setae f much longer than h1 in P. brevisetum), che- 2133 m a.s.l.), North Khorasan province, Northeastern Iran, liceral setae ch1-2 located in anterior half of the gnatho- 24.VI.2007, leg. H. Hajiqanbar. soma (cheliceral setae located in posterior half of the gnathosoma in P. brevisetum), setae 2a and 2b never Etymology. The name camponoti refers to the generic reaching to bases of setae 3c (setae 2a and 2b reach- name of the host ant – Camponotus. ingtobasesofsetae3c in P. brevisetum), setae 3b not reaching to bases of setae 4b (setae 3b reaching Remarks. Regardless of the characteristic attribute, to bases of setae 4b in P. brevisetum), Femural II seta i.e., spine-like setae 4b, the new species is morphologi- d seta-like and barbed (Femur II seta d spine-like in cally close to P. brevisetum Khausov, 2005 from Ukraine P. brevisetum), and much wider tibiotarsus I solenidion but differs from it by setae 1b entire (setae 1b bifur- ω1. 718 H. Hajiqanbar &A.Khaustov

New record of Petalomium from Iran ...... P. camponoti Hajiqanbar & Khaustov sp. n. –Setae4b not modified, seta-like; setae ps1 longer than In addition to a new species of Petalomium described or as long ash2 ...... 4 above, another previously described species was col- 4Setaeh1 longer than d and f;setaef less than 1.5 times lected during the course of our study which is new longer than e;setaeps1 longer than h2 (Slovakia) ... to Iran’s mite fauna: Petalomium gottrauxi Mahunka, ...... P. heterotrichus Mahunka, 1970 1977. This mite was found phoretic on Campono- –Setaef longer than d and h1;setaef two times longer tus aethiops Latreille, 1798 with the same collection than e;setaeps1 and h2 subequal (Japan) ...... data of the Petalomium camponoti sp. n. Previous ...... P. aculeatum japonicum Kurosa, 1986 records of P. gottrauxi are from Switzerland on Myr- mica ruginodis Nylander, 1846 (Mahunka 1977), from Hungary (Mahunka 1986) and from Ukraine (Crimea) Acknowledgements onCamponotus aethiops Latreille, 1798 (Khaustov Thanks are rendered to Dr. Alexander Radchenko (I.I. 2005). Schmalhausen Intitute of Zoology, Kiev, Ukraine) for iden- tifying the host ants. Discussion

In addition to some species which occur in other habi- References tats, to date, Petalomium has been reported from eight ant genera of Lasius, Formica, Myrmica, Camponotus, Berghoff S.M., Wurst E., Ebermann E., Sendova-Franks A.B., Eciton, Messor, Tetramorium and Solenopsis (Table 1). Rettenmeyer C.W. & Franks N.R. 2009. Symbionts of so- cieties that fission: mites as guests or parasites of army These eight genera are distributed in the three subfam- ants. Ecol. Entomol. 34 (6): 684–695. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365- ilies Formicinae, Myrmicinae, and Ecitoninae. Nests of 2311.2009.01125.x the Lasius and to lesser extent Formica harbor the most Chydyrov P.R. 2007. New mite species of the cohort Tarsonemina of species of Petalomium (Table 1). Eickwort (1990) (Trombidiformes, Acarina) of the fauna of Turkmenistan. En- tomol. Rev. 87 (6): 767–775. DOI: 10.1134/S0013873807060 stated that the genera like Lasius and Formica form 127 larger colonies and as a result, includes more myrme- Cross E.A. 1965. The generic relationships of the family Pyemoti- cophilous mites. Therefore, it is possible that the ob- dae (Acarina: Trombidiformes). Univ. Kan. Sci. Bull. 45 (2): served greater Petalomium mite species diversity in La- 29–275. sius and Formica colonies is due to their larger colony Ebermann E. & Rack G. 1982. Zur Biologie einer neuen myrme- cophilen Art der Gattung Petalomium (Acari, Pygmephori- sizes compared to the remaining six ant genera; a con- dae. Entomol. Mitt. Zool. Mus. Hamburg 7: 175–192. tention which supports that of Eickwort (1990). Follow- Eickwort G.C. 1990. Associations of mites with social in- ing Lasius and Formica, Myrmica and Camponotus ant sects.Annu.Rev.Entomol.35: 469–488. DOI: 10.1146/an- colonies had the second greatest Petalomium diversities nurev.ento.35.1.469 with each hosting 6 of the mite species. The remaining Hajiqanbar H., Khaustov A. & Kamali K. 2011. A new species of Parapygmephorus Cross, 1965 (Acari; Heterostig- four ant genera are known to harbor only one or two matina; Neopygmephoridae) phoretic on Halictus quadricinc- Petalomium mites species (Table 1). It is noteworthy tus (Fabricius, 1776) (Hym.; Halictidae) from Iran. Zool. Sci. that some species of Petalomium occur on more than 28 (1): 56–60. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2108/zsj.28.56 one ant genus (see Table 1). Kamali K., Ostovan H. & Atamehr A. 2001. A catalog of mites and (Acari) of Iran. Islamic Azad University Scientific Thus far, five species of Petalomium have been Publication Center, Tehran, 192 pp. found on ants of the genus Camponotus (carpenter Khaustov A.A. 2005. New species and record of the genus ants): P. krczali Cross, 1965; P. heterotrichus Mahunka, Petalomium (Acari: Heterostigmata: Pygmephoridae) from 1970; P. gottrauxi Mahunka, 1977; P. aculeatus japoni- Crimea (Ukraine). Acarina 13 (2): 173–179. cum Kurosa, 1986 and the new species described here- Khaustov A.A. & Hajiqanbar H. 2004. Bakerdania uniseta sp. n. a new species of mites (Acari: Pygmephoridae) associ- with. Mites of the Petalomium associated with Cam- ated with the scarab beetle Pleurophorus anatolicus (Col.; ponotus can be identified as follows. Scarabaeidae) from Iran. Acarina 12 (2): 109–112. Khaustov A.A. & Hajiqanbar H. 2006. Redefinition of the genus Key to species of the genus Petalomium (fe- Allopygmephorus (Acari: Heterostigmata: Neopygmephori- dae), with description of a new species from Iran. Acarina males) associated with ant genus Camponotus 14 (2): 191–194. Khaustov A.A. & Moser J.C. 2008. Two new species of mites of 1Setae1b bifurcate ...... 2 the genera Petalomium Cross and Caesarodispus Mahunka –Setae1b entire ...... 3 (Acari: Heterostigmata: Neopygmephoridae, Microdispidae) associated with Solenopsis invicta Buren (Hymenoptera: 2Setaec1 and c2 subequal; setae f three times longer 34 (2): .... Formicidae) from the U.S.A. Int. J. Acarol. 115–121. than setae h2;setaeps2 and ps3 subequal (USA) Krczal H. 1959. Systematik und Okologie¨ der Pyemoten. In: ...... P. krczali Cross, 1965 Stammer H.J. (ed.), Beitrag zur Systematik und Okologie¨ –Setaec2 longer thanc1;setaef two times longer than mitteleurop¨aischer Acarina 1 (2), Akademische Verlagsge- sellschaft Geest und Portig, Leipzig, 839 pp. setae h2;setaeps2 longer than ps3 (Switzerland, Hun- gary, Ukraine, Iran)...P. gottrauxi Mahunka, 1977 Kurosa K. 1986. New mites of the genus Petalomium (Acari, Pyg- mephoridae) from Japan, pp. 26–32. In: Shun-Ichi U. (ed.), 3Setae4b modified, spine-like; setae ps1 distinctly Entomological papers presented to Yoshihiko Kurosawa on shorter than h2 (Iran) ...... the occasion of the retirement, Tokyo, 342 pp New species and record of the Petalomium from Iran 719

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Received May 23, 2012 Accepted April 2, 2013