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Midwest Vegetable Production Guide for Commercial Growers

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Midwest Vegetable Production Guide for Commercial Growers Midwest Vegetable Production Guide for Commercial Growers 2019 Illinois University of Illinois Extension C1373-19 Indiana Purdue Extension ID-56 Iowa Iowa State University Extension and Outreach FG 0600 Kansas Kansas State University Research and Extension MF3279 Michigan Michigan State University Extension E0312 Minnesota University of Minnesota Extension BU-07094-S Missouri University of Missouri Extension MX384 Lincoln University of Missouri Cooperative Extension and Research LUCER 01-2019 Ohio Ohio State University Extension Bulletin 948 Stay Current For the most up-to-date version of this publication, visit: mwveguide.org Changes will be made throughout the year as they are received. Abbreviations Used in This Guide PHI pre-harvest interval — the minimum allowable time in days between the latest pesticide application and crop harvest AI active ingredient COC crop oil concentrate D dust formulation DF, DG dry flowable or water dispersible granule formulation E, EC emulsifiable concentrate F flowable formulation G granular formulation L, LC liquid concentrate formulation NIS nonionic surfactant REI re-entry interval RUP restricted use pesticide SC suspension concentrate W, WP wettable powder formulation Cover photo: Although a large proportion of broccoli Americans consume is produced in the western U.S, many Midwestern vegetable growers have been able to find local or regional markets for this crop. Health benefits include a high fiber content, vitamin C, vitamin K, iron and potassium. See the Cole Crops and Brassica Leafy Greens section, page 103. Insect, disease, and weed control recommendations in this publication are valid only for 2019. If registration for any of the chemicals suggested is changed during the year since the time of publication (December 2018), we will inform all area and county Extension staff. If in doubt about the use of any chemical, check with your Extension agent or chemical company representative. The information presented in this publication is believed to be accurate but is in no way guaranteed. The authors, reviewers, publishers, and their institutions assume no liability in connection with any use for the products discussed and make no warranty (expressed or implied) in that respect. Nor can it be assumed that all safety measures are indicated herein or that additional measures may be required. The user, therefore, must assume full responsibility, both as to persons and as to property, for the use of these materials including any that might be covered by patent. Always refer to the pesticide labels before each application. If the label information is different than the information presented in this guide, always follow the product label. Midwest Vegetable Production Guide for Commercial Growers 2019 Editors Purdue University: Daniel S. Egel, Plant Pathology (Lead Author); Ricky Foster, Entomology; Elizabeth Maynard, Horticulture. University of Illinois: Mohammad Babadoost, Plant Pathology. Iowa State University: Ajay Nair, Horticulture. Kansas State University: Cary Rivard, Horticulture; Megan Kennelly, Plant Pathology. Michigan State University: Mary Hausbeck, Plant Pathology; Zsofia Szendra, Entomology. University of Minnesota: Bill Hutchison, Entomology. Lincoln University of Missouri: Touria Eaton, Horticulture. Ohio State University: Celeste Welty, Entomology; Sally Miller, Plant Pathology. Contributors Purdue University: Tom Creswell, Gail Ruhl, Plant Pathology; Wenjing Guan, Horticulture; Amanda Deering, Scott Monroe, Food Science. University of Illinois: Elizabeth Wahle, Horticulture. Iowa State University: Lina Rodriguez-Salamanca, Plant Pathology; Joe Hannan, Horticulture; Laura Jesse Iles, Donald Lewis, Entomology. Kansas State University: Raymond Cloyd, Entomology; Judy O’Mara, Plant Pathology. Michigan State University: Ben Phillips, Vegetable Crops; Fred Warner; Zsofia Szendrei, Entomology; Bernard Zandstra, Weed Science. University of Minnesota: Roger Becker, Agronomy; Carl Rosen, Soil Science; Vince Fritz, Horticulture; Natalie Hoidal, Pesticide Safety and Environmental Education. University of Missouri: James Quinn, Horticulture. Ohio State University: Jim Jasinski, Entomology; Celeste Welty, Entomology. Resource Specialists Purdue University: Ed White, Pesticide Label Information. Iowa State University: Patrick O’Malley, Horticulture. Michigan State University: Ben Werling, Vegetable Crops; Vicki Morrone, Organic Farming; Marisol Quintanilla, Nematologist. University of Minnesota: Anthony Hanson, Entomology; Angela Orshinsky, Plant Pathology; Eric C. Burkness, MN Extension IPM Program. Ohio State University: Brad Bergefurd, Vegetable Crops; David Francis, Matt Kleinhenz, Horticulture and Crop Science; Luis Cañas, Entomology; Gary Gao, Horticulture Extension; Casey Hoy, Entomology; Douglas Doohan, Horticulture and Crop Science. Photos by the contributors, Brian Christie, Mike Kerper, and Elizabeth Wuerffel. 1 Contents Reference Information Page Selected Information About Recommended What’s New in 2019? ............................. 3 Fungicides . 79 State Extension Educators ........................ 4 PHIs and REIs for Fungicides ..................... 83 Soil Fertility and Nutrient Management........... 12 Disease Forecasting Systems ...................... 84 Crop Nutrient Requirements...................... 13 Slug and Snail Control .......................... 84 Macronutrients ................................. 13 Common and Scientific Vegetable Pest Names....... 85 Micronutrients.................................. 14 Crop Recommendations Fertilizer and the Environment.................... 16 Asian Vegetables ................................ 94 Fertilizer Application Methods .................... 16 Asparagus ......................................88 Fertilizer Rates per Linear Bed Foot................ 16 Basil ..................................... 158, 169 Liming and Soil pH.............................. 17 Beet ...........................................214 Transplants Broccoli ...................................... 103 Transplant Production ........................... 23 Brussels Sprouts ............................... 103 Transplant Containers ........................... 24 Cabbage. ......................................103 Seeding and Growing ............................ 24 Cantaloupe ....................................119 Diseases........................................ 25 Carrot ........................................ 214 Seed Treatments................................. 26 Cauliflower ................................... 103 Irrigation, Mulches, Frost Control Celery ......................................... 97 Using Plastic Mulch ............................. 27 Collards .......................................103 Irrigation and Water Management ................. 28 Cowpea ...................................... 173 Frost Control ................................... 30 Cucumber .................................... 119 Pollination Dry Bean ..................................... 173 Bees and Pollination ............................. 30 Eggplant ...................................... 138 Time from Pollination to Market Maturity . 33 Endive ....................................... 158 Pesticide Information and Safety Garlic .........................................189 Precautions with Pesticides ....................... 33 Herbs .................................... 158, 169 Handling Pesticides.............................. 34 Kale ...........................................103 Biopesticides ................................... 37 Leek ......................................... 189 Pesticide Record-Keeping Form ................... 38 Lettuce (Head and Leaf) .........................158 Organic Vegetable Production ................... 39 Lima Bean .....................................173 Production Tables Mint (Peppermint and Spearmint) ................184 Yields of Vegetable Crops......................... 41 Mustard .......................................103 Postharvest Handling and Storage Life ............. 42 Okra ......................................... 187 Conversions for Liquid Pesticides.................. 42 Onion (Bulb and Green) .........................189 Germination and Growing Guide.................. 43 Parsley ....................................... 158 Using a Plant Diagnostic Lab .................... 44 Parsnip ....................................... 214 Selected University Laboratory Services ............ 45 Pea .......................................... 173 Farm Labor Law Information .................... 47 Pepper ....................................... 141 Produce Food Safety ............................ 48 Potato ........................................ 199 Insect Management Pumpkin ..................................... 114 Insect Management Strategies ..................... 51 Radish ........................................214 Selected Information About Recommended Rhubarb ...................................... 211 Insecticides .................................. 54 Rutabaga ..................................... 214 PHIs and REIs for Insecticides .................... 57 Snap Bean .....................................173 Plant-parasitic Nematode Management ........... 58 Spinach ....................................... 158 Weed Management Squash ........................................114 Weed Management Strategies ..................... 61 Sweet Corn ................................... 223 Herbicide Effectiveness........................... 68 Sweet Potato .................................
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