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Midwest Vegetable Production Guide for Commercial Growers
Midwest Vegetable Production Guide for Commercial Growers 2019 Illinois University of Illinois Extension C1373-19 Indiana Purdue Extension ID-56 Iowa Iowa State University Extension and Outreach FG 0600 Kansas Kansas State University Research and Extension MF3279 Michigan Michigan State University Extension E0312 Minnesota University of Minnesota Extension BU-07094-S Missouri University of Missouri Extension MX384 Lincoln University of Missouri Cooperative Extension and Research LUCER 01-2019 Ohio Ohio State University Extension Bulletin 948 Stay Current For the most up-to-date version of this publication, visit: mwveguide.org Changes will be made throughout the year as they are received. Abbreviations Used in This Guide PHI pre-harvest interval — the minimum allowable time in days between the latest pesticide application and crop harvest AI active ingredient COC crop oil concentrate D dust formulation DF, DG dry flowable or water dispersible granule formulation E, EC emulsifiable concentrate F flowable formulation G granular formulation L, LC liquid concentrate formulation NIS nonionic surfactant REI re-entry interval RUP restricted use pesticide SC suspension concentrate W, WP wettable powder formulation Cover photo: Although a large proportion of broccoli Americans consume is produced in the western U.S, many Midwestern vegetable growers have been able to find local or regional markets for this crop. Health benefits include a high fiber content, vitamin C, vitamin K, iron and potassium. See the Cole Crops and Brassica Leafy Greens section, page 103. Insect, disease, and weed control recommendations in this publication are valid only for 2019. If registration for any of the chemicals suggested is changed during the year since the time of publication (December 2018), we will inform all area and county Extension staff. -
Snap Pea Salad Cream of Asparagus Soup
Snap Pea Salad Cream of Asparagus Soup Serves 4. Serves 4. Ingredients: Ingredients: Lemon vinaigrette (recipe follows) 2 pounds asparagus 1 pound sugar snap peas, trimmed and strings 1 Tablespoon butter removed 1 medium onion 3 ounces spring greens 4 cups reduced sodium chicken broth 2 Tablespoons low fat sour cream or yogurt Lemon Vinaigrette: Salt and pepper, to taste 3 Tablespoons olive oil 3 Tablespoons lemon Directions: juice, preferably fresh 1 teaspoon fresh or ½ 1. Wash asparagus. Remove tough ends. Cut teaspoon dried oregano in half. 1 garlic clove, minced 2. Melt butter in a large saucepan. Add onion and cook until soft, about 2 minutes. Directions: 3. Add asparagus and chicken stock to saucepan. Bring to a boil, cover and cook on 1. Lemon Vinaigrette: In a small jar or bowl, low for about 20 minutes or until tender. combine all ingredients. Cover and set Remove from heat. Using either a blender or aside. This can be made one day in immersion blender, puree until smooth. advance. Refrigerate until ready to use. 4. Top each serving with one teaspoon of sour 2. Wash and trim the peas. Slice in half on the cream or yogurt. diagonal. Set aside. Wash and dry greens. 3. Fill a 2-quart sauce pan half-full with water. Note: If using a blender, you will need to blend in Cover and bring to a boil. two batches. Since hot liquids expand, hold a 4. Add beans and blanch for 2 minutes. Drain. towel over the blender. Cover in cold water. Drain. 5. Stir together the vinaigrette. -
Turkeytimes June 2011A
NEWSLETTER OF THE LENAPE INDIAN TRIBE OF DELAWARE VOL #52 JUNE 2011 Turkey Times He’ All My Relations, at Delaware State University (DSU) in honor of The Confederation of Sovereign Nentego-Lenape DSU’s commitment to providing educational Tribes is a clear indication the Indigenous Peoples of the opportunities for our citizens during a time of Delaware Bay region speak with one voice. I am now educational prohibition for Indian people. On May happy to announce the Nanticoke Indian Tribe of Sussex 1st we celebrated the Lenape culture as guest of the County, Delaware has officially joined the Confederation. Camden Historical Society during their ‘Spring Confederation member Tribes are the Lenape Indian Festivities’. Tribe of Delaware, the Nanticoke Lenni-Lenape Indian We have many challenges during this difficult Tribe of New Jersey and the Nanticoke Indian Tribe. economic period. The chore of Tribal leaders is to This is a historic time for all three Tribal communities and I transform these challenges into opportunities, to commend the efforts of the Tribal leadership and their review the ways in which we do things and to look supporters who embrace the mission of the Confederation. for additional resources that will allow our Tribal Let us celebrate the renewed strength of the ‘Circle of Our government to continue to offer services and Communities’. programs. Your support during these critical times is As we move from the ‘Season of the New Beginnings’ welcomed and very encouraging. Becoming an to the’ Season of Growth and Nurturing’ (Summer Soltice), enrolled citizen is the first step. Our Citizenship we remember our Mothers and Grand-Mothers for it is they Committee is committed to assisting all Elders who who have guided our actions. -
North Dakota Department of Agriculture $2605577.54 (Pdf)
FY15 Specialty Crop Block Grant Program- Farm Bill North Dakota Department of Agriculture Final Performance Report USDA Agreement # 15-SCBGP-ND-0026 CONTACT: Deanna Gierszewski, Specialty Crop Grant Administrator 600 E Boulevard Ave #602 Bismarck, ND 58505-0020 Phone: (701) 328-2191 Email: [email protected] Submitted: November 16, 2018 Resubmitted: January 29, 2019 Table of Contents: 1. Enhancing the Safe Use of Specialty Fruit and Vegetable Crops from Field to Table .......3 2. Development of improved fungicide application strategies for managing Sclerotinia head rot in confection sunflowers...............................................................................................10 3. Pea and Lentil Market Analysis .........................................................................................14 4. Optimizing agronomic practices for faba bean production in North Dakota.....................17 5. Optimizing fungicide application strategies for improved management of Sclerotinia in dry edible beans .................................................................................................................21 6. Enhancing Tree Selection and Evaluating Tree Species in Western North Dakota ..........26 7. State-wide screening of green foxtail for herbicide resistance ..........................................32 8. Identification of Pathogen, Soil and Plant Factors Important to Root Rot Development in Field Pea.............................................................................................................................35 -
The Quality of Leguminous Vegetables As Influenced by Preharvest Factors
Scientia Horticulturae 232 (2018) 191–205 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Scientia Horticulturae journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/scihorti The quality of leguminous vegetables as influenced by preharvest factors T Georgia Ntatsia, Marcos Egea Gutiérrez-Cortinesb, Ioannis Karapanosa, Ana Barrosc, Julia Weissb, ⁎ Astrit Balliud, Eduardo Augusto dos Santos Rosac, Dimitrios Savvasa, a Agricultural University of Athens, Faculty of Plant Sciences, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece b Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, 30202 Cartagena, Spain c Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, (CITAB-UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal d Agricultural University of Tirana, Department of Horticultural & Landscape Architecture, Koder Kamez 1029, Tirana, Albania ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: The cultivation of most legumes, aims to the production of either dry seeds consumed by humans, also known as Chemical composition pulses, or animal fodder. However, some legumes are cultivated for fresh consumption either as pods or as Human health immature seeds. The economically most important legumes consumed as vegetables are green pods of common Legume bean, cowpea, faba bean, snow pea (mangetout) and green pea seeds. As a rule, the legume vegetables are Morphological traits consumed after cooking and in many countries, they may be used to cover primary nutritional needs, because Nutritive value their protein content is high in comparison with most other vegetables. Furthermore, the legume vegetables, Quality Vegetable which have distinct organoleptic properties when compared to pulses, are also considered important sources of carbohydrates, essential minerals, vitamins, several other antioxidants and health promoting compounds, and dietary fiber. -
Get to Know: Snap Peas
Get to know: Snap Peas Snap peas (Pisum sativum var. macrocarpon), also known as sugar snap peas, are a cultivar group of edible-podded peas that differ from snow peas in that their pods are round as opposed to flat. Snap peas, like all other peas, are pod fruits. An edible-podded pea is similar to a garden, or English, pea, but the pod is less fibrous, and edible when young. Pods of the edible-podded pea, including snap peas, do not have a membrane and do not open when ripe. Before being eaten, mature snap pea pods may need to be "stringed," which means the membranous string running along the top of the pod from base to tip is removed. Nutrition One cup (100g) of snap peas has 41 calories, 7.4g of carbohydrates, 2.5g of fibre, and 2.7g of protein. With 41 calories per 1-cup cooked serving, snap peas fill you up without costing you too many calories. If you're trying to control your calorie intake to lose weight or maintain a healthy weight, foods like snap peas make a good choice. Facts The snap pea is a cool season legume or fruit, cultivated for more than 5 000 years. The name mangetout (French for "eat all") can apply both to snap peas and snow peas. Health Benefits Snap peas are very low in Saturated Fat, Cholesterol and Sodium. They are also a good source of Riboflavin, Vitamin B6, Pantothenic Acid, Magnesium, Phosphorus and Potassium, and a very good source of Dietary Fiber, Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Vitamin K, Thiamin, Folate, Iron and Manganese. -
Peas Love Cool Weather
Peas Love Cool Weather. Plant Soon For A Spring Crop! Peas are frost tolerant and germinate best in cool soil, so they should be planted in very early spring as soon as your garden soil is workable. Optimum soil temperature for pea germination is 40 to 70° F. If the soil is too cold (below 40 degrees), seeds take much longer to germinate and may rot. If soil temperatures are too high, germination stops. Check soil temperature reports for your location from the Nebraska State Climate Office online at Nebraska Extension’s Hort Update website, http://hortupdate.unl.edu.) Soil temperatures should be perfect later this week for planting peas. There are three types of peas and the difference among them lies in the way you eat them. The types are English peas, snow peas, and snap peas. Botanically, they all are varieties of Pisum sativum (Pie-sum suh-tie-vum) and belong to the legume family, as do beans. Pisum comes from the Latin for pea; sativum refers to cultivated. Snow peas, grown in Asia for centuries and always popular for their flat, edible pods, are P. sativum var. macrocarpon. Snap peas, such as the original 'Sugar Snap,' may be the result of a fortuitous, natural cross between snow peas and English peas. Growing Peas To grow peas in your vegetable garden, select a site in full sun, one that receives at least six hours of direct sun daily. Peas grow well in almost any kind of soil but they do best in a fertile, somewhat sandy soil with good drainage. -
Evaluation of Winter-Killed Cover Crops Preceding Snap Pea
Evaluation of Winter-killed Cover Crops Preceding Snap Pea Orion P. Grimmer and John B. Masiunas1 ADDITIONAL INDEX WORDS. barley, Hor- deum vulgare, oat, Avena sativa, snap pea, Pisum sativum var. macrocarpon, white mustard, Brassica hirta, weed control SUMMARY. Winter-killed cover crops may protect the soil surface from ero- sion and reduce herbicide use in an early planted crop such as pea (Pisum sativum). Our objective was to deter- mine the potential of winter-killed cover crops in a snap pea produc- tion system. White mustard (Brassica hirta) produced the most residue in the fall but retained only 37% of that residue into the spring. Barley (Hor- deum vulgare) and oats (Avena sativa) produced less fall residue but had more residue and ground cover in the spring. Greater ground cover in the spring facilitated higher soil moisture, contributing to higher weed numbers and weight and lower pea yields for oat and barley compared with a bare ground treatment. White mustard had weed populations and pea yields similar to the bare ground treat- ment. Within the weed-free subplot, no differences in pea yields existed among cover crop treatments, indicat- ing no direct interference with pea growth by the residues. In greenhouse experiments, fi eld-grown oat and barley residue suppressed greater than 50% of the germination of common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) and shepherd’s-purse (Capsella bursa- pastoris), while in the fi eld none of the cover crop provided better weed control than the fallow. Department of Natural Resources and Environmen- tal Sciences, University of Illinois, 260 Edward R. -
“The Historical Impact and Current Challenges of Christian Ministry
ABSTRACT The purpose of this research is to assess and address issues of contextualization and reconciliation as they pertain to Christianization and cultural preservation within the three Nanticoke-Lenape American Indian tribal communities remaining in the states of New Jersey and Delaware in the United States. The study seeks to provide insight into the challenges for ministry within the socio-cultural and political context of the tribal communities, particularly in regard to meaningful healing and reconciliation over the lingering effects of colonization, in a manner that promotes integral, holistic, contextualized Christian ministry. To achieve this, the study investigates the historical backdrop of the tribal communities, including European contact, colonization, missions, assimilation and cultural survival. Past and present tribal lifeways, beliefs, and practices are evaluated through documented historical sources and contemporary accounts. The research highlights the histories and current ministries of the principal historic tribal congregations, and their role in the spiritual, cultural, and political survival of the tribes. It also assesses possible approaches for effective, mission oriented, compassionate engagement as a matter of faithful contextualization and social justice. It should be noted that within this work the terms “American Indian,” “Native American,” “Indigenous American,” “Aboriginal American,” and “First Nations People” are all used to describe the indigenous people of America. These terms should not be confused with the term “Indian American,” which describes an American citizen whose ancestors can be traced to the nation of India on the continent of Asia. Key Words: American Christianity; American Indians; Contextualization; Delaware Bay; Delaware Indians; Doctrine of Discovery; Indigenization; Lenape; Ministry Challenges; Missions; Nanticoke; Native Americans ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Much gratitude is extended toward those who were my angels of grace in the completion of my dissertation. -
Fragments of ATP Synthase Mediate Plant Perception of Insect Attack
Fragments of ATP synthase mediate plant perception of insect attack Eric A. Schmelz†, Mark J. Carroll, Sherry LeClere, Stephen M. Phipps, Julia Meredith, Prem S. Chourey, Hans T. Alborn, and Peter E. A. Teal Center of Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, Agricultural Research Service, Chemistry Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1600 Southwest 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608 Edited by May R. Berenbaum, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL, and approved April 21, 2006 (received for review March 22, 2006) Plants can perceive a wide range of biotic attackers and respond membrane protein remains unidentified (14). Alternatively, with targeted induced defenses. Specificity in plant non-self- plants may also indirectly perceive biotic attack. For example, recognition occurs either directly by perception of pest-derived proteases released from phytopathogenic bacteria type-III se- elicitors or indirectly through resistance protein recognition of host cretion systems have been demonstrated to cleave specific host targets that are inappropriately proteolyzed. Indirect plant per- targets, resulting in biochemical defects that in turn are recog- ception can occur during interactions with pathogens, yet evidence nized by resistance proteins (R proteins) (3–5). Unlike plant for analogous events mediating the detection of insect herbivores pathogens, the analogous indirect perception of insect attack is remains elusive. Here we report indirect perception of herbivory in unknown. cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) plants attacked by fall armyworm Efforts to understand plant perception of insect herbivory (Spodoptera frugiperda) larvae. We isolated and identified a dis- demonstrated that FAC elicitors possessed little or no volatile ulfide-bridged peptide (؉ICDINGVCVDA؊), termed inceptin, from S. -
Nanticoke River Explorers Brochure
he Nanticoke River is the wetland functions. Both Maryland and Delaware have Submerged aquatic largest Chesapeake Bay identified the Nanticoke watershed as a priority area vegetation (SAV) tributary on the lower for protecting and enhancing natural resources for is considered an SCALE SEAFORD River Towns and Delmarva Peninsula, Nanticoke River recreation and conservation and recognize the need indicator species for 0 1 2 3 Watershed NANTICOKE RIVER The Tmeandering gently through marshland, to develop a greater sense of stewardship among water quality and 1 Points of Interest forests and farmland, on its 50 mile journey from southern the growing population. provides important miles Delaware to Tangier Sound in Maryland. Navigable beyond habitat for many Present Day307 Access and313 Information Seaford Boat Ramp SEAFORD, DE 1 Seaford, Delaware, the river has played an important role in animal species. Living Resources HURLOCK 20 Seaford was once part of Dorchester Nanticoke commerce and trade throughout its history, providing a critical Historically, there NANTICOKE WILDLIFE AREA, DELAWARE County in the Province of Maryland. First were well-established water route for early Native American tribes, and later for European The interaction between land and water that takes place in the This wildlife area surrounds historic Broad Creek called “Hooper’s Landing”, Seaford was settlers. The Nanticoke watershed encompasses approximately Nanticoke watershed has created diverse natural conditions and an SAV beds in the lower just South of Seaford, DE on the Nanticoke. Visitors laid out in 1799, and incorporated in 1865, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Atmospheric National Oceanic and Woodland just three days prior to the end of the Civil 725,000 acres, including over 50,000 acres of tidal wetlands. -
Defining the Nanticoke Indigenous Cultural Landscape
Indigenous Cultural Landscapes Study for the Captain John Smith Chesapeake National Historic Trail: Nanticoke River Watershed December 2013 Kristin M. Sullivan, M.A.A. - Co-Principal Investigator Erve Chambers, Ph.D. - Principal Investigator Ennis Barbery, M.A.A. - Research Assistant Prepared under cooperative agreement with The University of Maryland College Park, MD and The National Park Service Chesapeake Bay Annapolis, MD EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Nanticoke River watershed indigenous cultural landscape study area is home to well over 100 sites, landscapes, and waterways meaningful to the history and present-day lives of the Nanticoke people. This report provides background and evidence for the inclusion of many of these locations within a high-probability indigenous cultural landscape boundary—a focus area provided to the National Park Service Chesapeake Bay and the Captain John Smith Chesapeake National Historic Trail Advisory Council for the purposes of future conservation and interpretation as an indigenous cultural landscape, and to satisfy the Identification and Mapping portion of the Chesapeake Watershed Cooperative Ecosystems Studies Unit Cooperative Agreement between the National Park Service and the University of Maryland, College Park. Herein we define indigenous cultural landscapes as areas that reflect “the contexts of the American Indian peoples in the Nanticoke River area and their interaction with the landscape.” The identification of indigenous cultural landscapes “ includes both cultural and natural resources and the wildlife therein associated with historic lifestyle and settlement patterns and exhibiting the cultural or esthetic values of American Indian peoples,” which fall under the purview of the National Park Service and its partner organizations for the purposes of conservation and development of recreation and interpretation (National Park Service 2010:4.22).