DOCSLIB.ORG

Downloaded for Personal Non-Commercial Research Or Study, Without Prior Permission Or Charge

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Downloaded for Personal Non-Commercial Research Or Study, Without Prior Permission Or Charge https://theses.gla.ac.uk/ Theses Digitisation: https://www.gla.ac.uk/myglasgow/research/enlighten/theses/digitisation/ This is a digitised version of the original print thesis. Copyright and moral rights for this work are retained by the author A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge This work cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Enlighten: Theses https://theses.gla.ac.uk/ [email protected] REDUCTION OF MOLYBDENUM AND TUNGSTEN HEXAFLUORIDES TO THE PENTAVALENT STATE. A thesis submitted to the University of Glasgow for the degree of M.Sc. in the Faculty of Science. by NASHUNMENGHE BAO Department of Chemistry, University of Glasgow. November 1989, (c) Nashunmenghe ProQuest Number: 10999292 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 10999292 Published by ProQuest LLC(2018). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 -I would like to dedicate this work to my parents. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. I would like to express my thanks and deep respect to my supervisors, Dr. J.M. Winfield and Professor D.W.A. Sharp for their help, guidance and encouragement throughout this work. My thanks are also due to all my fellow research colleagues, Mr. L. McGhee, Dr. J. Thomson, Dr. R.M. Siddique and others for their help and assistance. My thanks also go to Mrs. Liz Hughes for typing this thesis and the technical staff members of the Infrared Laboratory, and Glass Blowing Workshop for their help and cooperation. I would like to thank the Ministry of Agriculture, People's Republic of China for the scholarship awarded to me and Glasgow University for a common bursary. My wife deserves a special mention for her love and encouragement. CONTENTS. Summary CHAPTER ONE Introduction 1-1 Transition Metal Fluorides 1-2 The Preparation of Molybdenum and Tungsten Hexafluorides and Penta- Fluorides. 1-2-1 Preparation of Molybdenum and Tungsten Hexafluorides 1-2-2 Preparation of Molybdenum Penta- fluoride and Tungsten Penta- fluoride 1-3 Structure and Bonding of the Hexa- fluorides 1-3-1 The Structure 1-3-2 The Bonding 1-4 Structure of Pentafluorides 1-5 Comparisons of the Chemical Reactivity of Some Transition Metal Higher Oxidation State Fluorides. 1-5-1 Electron Affinities of MoF_ and WF,. 6 6 1-5-2 Chemical Reactivities of Hexa- fluorides. 1-5-3 Chemical Reactivities of Molybdenum and Tungsten Pentafluorides 1-6 Aim of the Present Work CHAPTER TWO Experimental Techniques 2-1 Vacuum line and Glove Box Techniques 20 2-2 Electronic Spectroscopy 21 2-3 Vibrational Spectroscopy 23 2-4 Cyclic Voltammetry 26 2-5 Magnetic Susceptibility 34 2-6 Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy 37 2-7 Purification of Solvents 39 2-8 Preparation of Molybdenum and Tungsten Hexafluorides 41 2-9 Preparation of MoF^ 44 CHAPTER THREE Reaction of Ionic Iodides with Molybdenum and Tungsten Hexafluorides. 3-1 Introduction 46 3-1-1 Lewis Acid-Base Reactions 46 3-1-2 Solvents 47 3-1-3 The Behaviour of Iodine in MeCN, CH2C12 and SC>2 50 3-1-4 Preparation of Hexafluoromolybdate(V), (IV) and Hexafluorotungstate(V) salts 52 3-2 Results and Discussion 53 3-2-1 The Reactions of MoF_ and WF_ with 6 6 Ionic Iodides in SC>2 53 3-2-2 The Reactions of MoF.. or WF,. with 6 b Ionic Iodides in CH2C12 55 3-2-3 Comparisons Among the Reactions 56 3-2-4 Reaction of Copper(I)hexafluoro- metallate (V) Salts with Bu4NI in 59 CH2C12 3-2-5 Reactions Between Bu.NMoF_ and 4 b Bu^NI in CH2C12 and S02 60 3-2-6 Reactions of MoF. Salts with 6 Ionic Iodides in Liquid SC>2 61 3-2-7 Comparisons Among the Reactions 62 3-2-8 Magnetic Measurements of Some Hexafluoromolybdate(V) Salts 63 3-3 Conclusion 67 3-4 Experimental 67 CHAPTER FOUR A study by Cyclic Voltammetry of Hexafluoromolybdate(V) and Some Ionic Iodides in Different Solvents. 4-1 Introduction 73 4-1-1 Cyclic Voltammetry of Hexa- fluoromolybdate(V) 73 4-1-2 Cyclic Voltammetry of Ionic Iodides 74 4-1-3 Electrochemistry in Liquid Sulphur Dioxide 76 4-1-4 The Present Study 76 4-2 Results and Discussion 78 4-2-1 Cyclic Voltammetric Studies in Acetonitrile 78 4-2-2 Cyclic Voltammetric Studies in Di chloromethane 80 4-2-3 Cyclic Voltammetric Studies in Liquid Sulphur Dioxide 4-2-4 Comparison Among the Three Solvents 4-3 Conclusion 4-4 Experimental CHAPTER FIVE Reactions of Molybdenum and Tungsten Hexafluorides with the Metals Mo and W in Acetonitrile. 5-1 Introduction 5-2 Results and Discussion 5-2-1 The Preparation of the Complex MoF c.NCMe D 5-2-2 Reaction of Tungsten Metal with WF. in MeCN D 5-2-3 Comparison of Infrared Spectroscopic Data 5-2-4 Reaction of Tungsten Metal with MoF, in Acetonitrile b 5-2-5 Reaction of Molybdenum Metal with WF,. in Acetonitrile b 5-2-6 The Interaction between MoF_.NCMe b and Bu^NI in CH 2 CI 2 5-2-7 The Redox Property of MoF,. .NCMe in MeCN, 5-2-8 The Reaction between CUF 2 anc^ MoF .NCMe in MeCN 5-3 Conclusion 96 5-4 Experimental 96 CHAPTER SIX Conclusions 1°1 REFERENCES 103 - i - SUMMARY This thesis presents a study of the behaviour of higher oxidation sta,te fluorides of molybdenum and tungsten towards some reducing agents, ionic iodides or Mo and W metals, in three different solvents SO^, MeCN and CH^Cl^. Chapter One summarises previous studies made of higher oxidation state transition metal fluorides, particularly those of molybdenum and tungsten. It is concerned with the preparations, structures and redox chemical behaviour under different conditions and in different solvents. Chapter Two describes the experimental techniques, for example vibrational spectroscopy or cyclic voltammetry etc., which were used to complete the present work. In Chapter Three, the redox behaviour of MF_ and MF salts 6 6 (M = Mo, W) towards ionic iodides in CH^Cl^ and SO^ is reported. The reactions between iodides and MF are quite straightforward in 6 S0_. The products are identified as MF salts on the basis of 2 6 their infrared spectra. However, in CH^Cl^, although Bu^NI is soluble and reduces MF_ readily to MF_ , the alkali metal iodides, 6 6 Nal and KI are insoluble; as a result these reactions are slow and mcomplete. The iodide Bu NI cannot reduce MF^ to MF 2- in 4 6 6 - 2- these solvents, although a mixture of MoF_ and MoF_ salts is 6 6 obtained from the reaction of an equi-molar mixture of NaMoF and 6 Nal in SO at -60°C. The reaction of [Cu(MeCN) ][MF ] and 2 4 6 Bu NI in CH Cl leads to the formation of Bu.NMoF^ and Cul. The products described in this chapter have been identified by their infrared and electronic spectra. The magnetic moments obtained oyer the temperature range from 80 K to 298 K for some MoF^. salts are discussed. In Chapter Four, the electrochemical properties of some hexafluoromolybdates and ionic iodides in the three solvents MeCN, CH^Cl^ and SO^ are described and discussed. The redox 2 - couples MoF /MoF, and MoF /MoF are compared with the couples 6 6 6 6 arising from the iodide anion by means of cyclic voltammetry. The half-wave potentials of these couples indicate that the iodide, Bu.NI can easily reduce MoF^ and WF,. to the MoF,. and WF,. anions 4 J 6 6 6 6 respectively, but the iodide has no capability of reducing MF^ 2- salts to MF salts (M = Mo, W) in MeCN and CH Cl . 6 2 2 Chapter Five deals with a study of the reduction of MF,. by 6 M metal (M = Mo, W) in MeCN. Consistent with previous work, MoFg is reduced by Mo powder at 150°C to give (MoF^)^, and (MoF^)^ reacts with MeCN to produce the complex MoFNCMe. A new improved preparation of this complex MoF .NCMe is reported. 5 Molybdenum hexafluoride is reduced by molybdenum metal in MeCN at room temperature to give MoF^.NCMe. A similar reaction occurs between WF^_ and tungsten metal in MeCN at room temperature to produce WF^.NCMe. These complexes have been characterized by infrared spectroscopy and microanalysis. The hexafluorides, MoFg and WFg are also reduced by W and Mo metals respectively in MeCN at room temperature, although definitive characterization of the products has not been achieved. Anhydrous copper(II) fluoride, CuF 2 ' reacts slowly with - iii - MoFj. .NCMe at room temperature in MeCN. The product is a 2+ soluble Cu salt. The complex MoF .NCMe also reacts with 5 Bu^NI to release small amounts of I^.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • (VI) and Chromium (V) Oxide Fluorides
    Portland State University PDXScholar Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses 1976 The chemistry of chromium (VI) and chromium (V) oxide fluorides Patrick Jay Green Portland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds Part of the Chemistry Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Green, Patrick Jay, "The chemistry of chromium (VI) and chromium (V) oxide fluorides" (1976). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 4039. https://doi.org/10.15760/etd.5923 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. All ABSTRACT OF THE TllESIS OF Patrick Jay Green for the Master of Science in Chemistry presented April 16, 1976. Title: Chemistry of Chromium(VI) and Chromium(V) Oxide Fluorides. APPROVEO BY MEMBERS OF THE THESIS CO'"o\l TIEE: y . • Ii . ' I : • • • • • New preparative routes to chromyl fluoride were sought. It was found that chlorine ironofluoride reacts with chromium trioxide and chromyl chlo­ ride to produce chromyl fluoride. Attempts were ~ade to define a mechan­ ism for the reaction of ClF and Cr0 in light of by-products observed 3 and previous investigations. Carbonyl fluoride and chromium trioxide react to fom chro·yl fluoride and carbo:i dioxide. A mechanism was also proposed for this react10n. Chromium trioxide 11itl\ l~F6 or WF5 reacts to produce chromyl fluoride and the respective oxide tetrafluoride. 2 Sulfur hexafluoride did not react with Cr03.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 7,193,100 B2 Sangokoya Et Al
    US007 1931 OOB2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 7,193,100 B2 Sangokoya et al. (45) Date of Patent: Mar. 20, 2007 (54) HALOALUMINOXANE COMPOSITIONS, 5,556,821. A * 9/1996 Aida et al. .................. 502,113 THEIR PREPARATION, AND THEIR USE IN 5,731,253 A 3/1998 Sangokoya CATALYSIS 5,831, 109 A 11/1998 Smith et al. 5,936,060 A 8/1999 Schmiegel (75) Inventors: Samuel A. Sangokoya, Baton Rouge, 6,046,347 A 4/2000 Jones et al. LA (US); Lubin Luo, Baton Rouge, LA 6,060,418 A 5/2000 Sangokoya c. r: 2C, 6,063,726 A * 5/2000 Kioka et al. ................ 5O2/117 (US); Steven P. Diefenbach, Baton 6,153,550 A 1 1/2000 Kissin Rouge, LA (US); Jamie R. Strickler, 6,153,551 A 1 1/2000 Kissin et al. Baton Rouge, LA (US); Christopher G. 6,194,340 B1 2/2001 Sangokoya Bauch, Prairieville, LA (US) 6,211,111 B1 4/2001 Chen et al. 6,306,986 B1 10/2001 Teasley (73) Assignee: Albemarle Corporation, Richmond, 6,437.205 B1 8, 2002 Miller et al. VA (US) FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this JP 49293, 1992 2, 1992 patent is extended or adjusted under 35 RU 4646O2 3, 1975 U.S.C. 154(b) by 21 days. WO WO 03/082466 A1 10, 2003 WO WO O3,082879 A1 10, 2003 (21) Appl. No.: 10/751,144 OTHER PUBLICATIONS (22) Filed: Dec. 31, 2003 Sato, H., et al., Studies on Nickel-Containing Zieler-Type Catalysts.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Patent (19) 11) Patent Number: 5,254,772 Dukat Et Al
    US005254772A United States Patent (19) 11) Patent Number: 5,254,772 Dukat et al. (45) Date of Patent: Oct. 19, 1993 (54) CHEMICAL PROCESS FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS (75) Inventors: Wolfgang W. Dukat, Konigstein, Fed. Rep. of Germany; John H. 705927 3/1965 Canada ................................ 570/170 Holloway, Leicester; Eric G. Hope, 0164798 12/1985 European Pat. Off. Warwickshire, both of England; Primary Examiner-Alan Siegel Matthias Rieland, Hanover, Fed. Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Cushman, Darby & Cushman Rep. of Germany; Paul J. Townson, Lancashire; Richard L. Powell, 57) ABSTRACT Cheshire, both of England A process for the preparation of an alkane containing fluorine by contacting a halogenated alkane containing 73) Assignee: Imperial Chemical Industries PLC, at least one hydrogen atom and at least one halogen London, England atom selected from chlorine, bromine and iodine with a (21) Appl. No.: 849,604 transition metal fluoride selected from osmium hexaflu oride, iridium hexafluoride, rhenium hexafluoride, ru (22) Filed: Mar. 12, 1992 thenium pentafluoride, chromium pentafluoride, vana (30) Foreign Application Priority Data dium pentafluoride, rhenium heptafluoride and uranium Mar. 12, 1991 GB United Kingdom ................. 9105167 hexafluoride, whereby to replace at least one hydrogen atom or at least one chlorine, bromine or iodine atom in 51 Int. Cl. ....................... CO7C 17/20; CO7C 17/00 said halogenated alkane starting material by a fluorine 52 U.S.C. ..................................... 570/170; 570/123 58) Field of Search ........................ 570/170, 168, 123 atom. Use of certain of the defined transition metal fluorides, 56) References Cited e.g. Osf6, Irfs and ReF6 allows the selective replace U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS ment of halogen by fluorine, while others, e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Fluorination of Halogenated Alkanes with High-Valent Metal Fluorides
    Europaisches Patentamt 19 European Patent Office Office europeen des brevets © Publication number : 0 503 792 A1 EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION © Application number: 92301531.7 © int. ci.5: C07C 17/20, C07C 17/10, C07C 19/08 (22) Date of filing : 24.02.92 @ Priority: 12.03.91 GB 9105167 Inventor : Holloway, John Henry 43 Morlan Avenue Stoneygate Leicester LE2 2PF (EN) (43) Date of publication of application Inventor : Hope, Eric George 16.09.92 Bulletin 92/38 80 Norton Leys Hillside Rugby Warwickshire CV22 5RT (EN) @ Designated Contracting States : Inventor : Rieland Matthias BE DE ES FR GB IT NL Susseroderstrasse 4a W3000 Hannover 71 (DE) Inventor : Townson, Paul John @ Applicant : IMPERIAL CHEMICAL 5 Balmoral Road New Longton INDUSTRIES PLC Preston Lancashire PR4 4JJ (EN) Imperial Chemical House, Millbank Inventor : Powell, Richard Llewellyn London SW1P 3JF (GB) 9 Sadler's Wells Bunbury Tarporley Cheshire (EN) (72) Inventor : Dukat, Wolfgang Willi Seilerbahnweg 2a 74 Representative : Walmsley, David Arthur 6240 Konigstein (DE) Gregson et al ICI Group Patents Services Dept. PO Box 6 Shire Park Bessemer Road Welwyn Garden City, Herts, AL7 1HD (GB) © Fluorination of halogenated alkanes with high-valent metal fluorides. © A process for the preparation of an alkane containing fluorine by contacting a halogenated alkane containing at least one hydrogen atom and at least one halogen atom selected from chlorine, bromine and iodine with a transition metal fluoride selected from osmium hexafluoride, iridium hexafluoride, rhenium hexafluoride, ruthenium pentafluoride, chromium pentafluoride, vanadium pentafluoride, rhenium heptafluoride and uranium hexafluoride, whereby to replace at least one hydrogen atom or at least one chlorine, bromine or iodine atom in said halogenated alkane starting material by a fluorine atom.
    [Show full text]
  • Vanadium 1 2011
    INERIS - Fiche de données toxicologiques et environnementales des substances chimiques VANADIUM ET SES COMPOS ÉS Dernière mise à jour 29/09/2011 RESPONSABLE DU PROGRAMME M.BISSON: [email protected] EXPERTS AYANT PARTICIPÉ À LA RÉDACTION M. BISSON – V. BONNOMET – G. GAY - F. GHILLEBAERT - D. GUILLARD – L. LETHIELLEUX – K. TACK Historique des révisions et addendums Version objet commentaires Date V1 Rédaction 2007 V2 Mise en forme 2009 V2.2. Insertion Résumé et 2011 addendum 1 DOCUMENTATION D. GUILLARD Document révisé avec la collaboration des Docteur Baert et Flüry-Herard, de Monsieur le Professeur Haguenoer et de Monsieur Benoit Hervé- Bazin Afin d’avoir une meilleure compréhension de cette fiche, les lecteurs sont invités à se référer à la méthodologie de renseignements. INERIS –DRC-07-83451-06937C Version N°2-2 septembre 2011 Page 1 sur 140 INERIS - Fiche de données toxicologiques et environnementales des substances chimiques VANADIUM ET SES COMPOS ÉS S O M M A I R E RÉSUMÉ 5 1. GÉNÉRALITÉS 10 1.2 Principes de production 17 1.3 Utilisations 22 1.4 Principales sources d’exposition 25 2. PARAMÈTRES D'ÉVALUATION DE L'EXPOSITION 31 2.1 Paramètres physico-chimiques 31 2.2 Comportement 42 2.2.1 Dans l'eau 42 2.2.2 Dans les sols 43 2.2.3 Dans l'air 44 2.3 Persistance 44 2.3.1 Dégradation abiotique 44 2.3.2 Biodégradation 44 2.4 Bio-accumulation et métabolisme 44 2.4.1 Organismes aquatiques 46 2.4.2 Organismes terrestres y compris les végétaux 48 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Electrochemical Cell Having a Safety Vent Closure
    Europaisches Patentamt 19 European Patent Office Office europeen des brevets (n) Publication number: 0 422 966 B1 12 EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION @ Date of publication of patent specification <&) Int. CI.6 : H01M2/12 10.05.95 Bulletin 95/19 @ Application number: 90311276.1 (22) Date of filing : 15.10.90 @) Electrochemical cell having a safety vent closure. (§) Priority : 13.10.89 US 421440 @ Proprietor : EVEREADY BATTERY COMPANY, INC. Checkerboard Square (43) Date of publication of application St. Louis Missouri 63164 (US) 17.04.91 Bulletin 91/16 (72) Inventor : Chaney, Earl Jacob, Jr. @ Publication of the grant of the patent : 7606, Hidden Acres 10.05.95 Bulletin 95/19 Medina, OH 44256 (US) Inventor : O'Hara, Thomas James 28334 Osborn Road @ Designated Contracting States : Bay Village, OH 44140 (US) DE GB Inventor : Malay, Manuel Rafols 627 Salem Lane Brunswick, OH 44212 (US) (56) References cited : Inventor : Ayers, Alan Douglas EP-A- 0 490 080 28499 Stonegate Circle DE-A- 2 042 417 Westlake, OH 44145 (US) DE-B- 1 029 935 FR-A- 2 601 819 US-A- 3 555 370 (74) Representative : Lord, Hilton David et al US-A- 4 075 398 MARKS & CLERK, US-A- 4 296 186 57-60 Lincoln's Inn Fields US-A- 4 592 970 London WC2A 3LS (GB) US-A- 4 855 195 PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, vol. 7, no. 170 (E-189)[1315], 27th July 1983 CO CO CO o> CM CM Note : Within nine months from the publication of the mention of the grant of the European patent, any person may give notice to the European Patent Office of opposition to the European patent granted.
    [Show full text]
  • Vanadium Et Ses Composés Conversion (Cf 1.1 Identification/ Non Concerné (Dans L'air À 20 °C) Caractérisation
    INERIS - Fiche de données toxicologiques et environnementales des substances chimiques VANADIUM ET SES COMP OS ÉS Dernière mise à jour 23/03/2012 RESPONSABLE DU PROGRAMME M.BISSON: [email protected] EXPERTS AYANT PARTICIPÉ À LA RÉDACTION M. BISSON – V. BONNOMET – G. GAY - F. GHILLEBAERT - D. GUILLARD – L. LETHIELLEUX – K. TACK Historique des révisions et addendums Version Objet Commentaires Date V1 Rédaction 2007 V2 Mise en forme 2009 V2.2. Insertion Résumé et addendum 1 2011 V2.3. Correction de l’unité de la TCA pour une exposition 2012 chronique du RIVM DOCUMENTATION D. GUILLARD Document révisé avec la collaboration des Docteur Baert et Flüry-Herard, de Monsieur le Professeur Haguenoer et de Monsieur Benoit Hervé- Bazin Afin d’avoir une meilleure compréhension de cette fiche, les lecteurs sont invités à se référer à la méthodologie de renseignements. INERIS –DRC-07-83451-06937D Version N°2-3 mars 2012 Page 1 sur 142 INERIS - Fiche de données toxicologiques et environnementales des substances chimiques VANADIUM ET SES COMP OS ÉS S O M M A I R E RÉSUMÉ 5 1. GÉNÉRALITÉS 10 1.2 Principes de production 17 1.3 Utilisations 22 1.4 Principales sources d’exposition 25 2. PARAMÈTRES D'ÉVALUATION DE L'EXPOSITION 31 2.1 Paramètres physico-chimiques 31 2.2 Comportement 42 2.2.1 Dans l'eau 42 2.2.2 Dans les sols 43 2.2.3 Dans l'air 44 2.3 Persistance 44 2.3.1 Dégradation abiotique 44 2.3.2 Biodégradation 44 2.4 Bio-accumulation et métabolisme 44 2.4.1 Organismes aquatiques 46 2.4.2 Organismes terrestres y compris les végétaux 48 3.
    [Show full text]
  • WO 2012/071205 A2 31 May 2012 (31.05.2012) P O P C T
    (12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date WO 2012/071205 A2 31 May 2012 (31.05.2012) P O P C T (51) International Patent Classification: HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KM, KN, KP, KR, C08F 210/16 (2006.01) C08F 4/6592 (2006.01) KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, (21) International Application Number: OM, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, RW, SC, SD, PCT/US201 1/060595 SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, TN, TR, (22) International Filing Date: TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW. 14 November 201 1 (14.1 1.201 1) (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every (25) Filing Language: English kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, RW, SD, SL, SZ, TZ, (26) Publication Language: English UG, ZM, ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, MD, RU, (30) Priority Data: TJ, TM), European (AL, AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, 61/416,092 22 November 2010 (22. 11.2010) US DK, EE, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, HR, HU, IE, IS, IT, LT, LU, LV, MC, MK, MT, NL, NO, PL, PT, RO, RS, SE, SI, SK, (71) Applicant (for all designated States except US): AL¬ SM, TR), OAPI (BF, BJ, CF, CG, CI, CM, GA, GN, GQ, BEMARLE CORPORATION [US/US]; 451 Florida GW, ML, MR, NE, SN, TD, TG).
    [Show full text]
  • Hazardous Chemicals Handbook
    Hazardous Chemicals Handbook Hazardous Chemicals Handbook Second edition Phillip Carson PhD MSc AMCT CChem FRSC FIOSH Head of Science Support Services, Unilever Research Laboratory, Port Sunlight, UK Clive Mumford BSc PhD DSc CEng MIChemE Consultant Chemical Engineer Oxford Amsterdam Boston London New York Paris San Diego San Francisco Singapore Sydney Tokyo Butterworth-Heinemann An imprint of Elsevier Science Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP 225 Wildwood Avenue, Woburn, MA 01801-2041 First published 1994 Second edition 2002 Copyright © 1994, 2002, Phillip Carson, Clive Mumford. All rights reserved The right of Phillip Carson and Clive Mumford to be identified as the authors of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 No part of this publication may be reproduced in any material form (including photocopying or storing in any medium by electronic means and whether or not transiently or incidentally to some other use of this publication) without the written permission of the copyright holder except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London, England W1T 4LP. Applications for the copyright holder’s written permission to reproduce any part of this publication should be addressed to the publishers British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloguing
    [Show full text]
  • Vanadium, Niobium, and Tantalum
    SCIENTIFIC CIRCULATIONS LTD. Ill ica$ti>oifrn London, WJL A TEXT-BOOK OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY VOLUME VI. PART III. In ELBVBN VOLUMES. Medium 8vo. Cloth. Prices are net. Postage extra. A TEXT-BOOK OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY. EDITED BT J. NEWTON FEIBND, D.Sc., PH.D., F.I.C., Carnegie Gold Medallist. An Introduction to Modern Inorganic Chemistry. By J. NEWTON H. F. V. B.So. FRIEND, D.Sc. (B'ham), Ph.D. (Wurz) ; LITTLE, to Ltd. W. E. S. VOLUME I. (Lond.), A.R.C.S., Chief Chemist Thorium, ; H. V. A. TURNER, D.Sc. (Lond.). The Inert Grases, By BRISCOE, D.Sc. (Lond.), A.R.C.S. A. JAMIESON WALKER, f" The Alkali Metals and their Congeners. By VOLUME II. B.A. F.I.C. i-xxvi +379. 20s. { Ph.D. (Heid.), (Q.U.B.), Pp. I. The Alkaline Earth Metals. By MAY SYBIL BURR (n&e 346. 20s. LESLIE), D.Sc. (Leeds). Pp. i-xxvi + JOSHUA 0. VOLUME III. PART II. Beryllium and its Congeners. By GREGORY, SYBIL D.Sc. B.Sc. (Lond.), F.I.C., and MAY BURR, (Leeds). (PARTPp. i-xxvi + 320. 18s. the Bare Earth Metals. ( Aluminium and its Congeners, including B.Sc. A.R.C.S., Chief Chemist to VOLUME IV. \ By H. F. V. LITTLE, (Lond.), 485. | Thorium, Ltd. Second Petition. Pp. xxviii + 18s. Carbon and its Allies. By B, M. CAVEN, D.Sc. (Lond.), F.LO. V, / VOLUME Edition. i-xxi +468. 18s. I Second Pp. PART I. Nitrogen. By E. B. R. PRIDEAUX, M.A., D.So., F.I.C., and H.
    [Show full text]
  • Ep 2643366 B1
    (19) TZZ ¥¥_T (11) EP 2 643 366 B1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION (45) Date of publication and mention (51) Int Cl.: of the grant of the patent: C08F 4/659 (2006.01) C08F 210/16 (2006.01) 25.03.2015 Bulletin 2015/13 B01J 31/02 (2006.01) (21) Application number: 11793570.0 (86) International application number: PCT/US2011/060595 (22) Date of filing: 14.11.2011 (87) International publication number: WO 2012/071205 (31.05.2012 Gazette 2012/22) (54) ACTIVATOR COMPOSITIONS, THEIR PREPARATION, AND THEIR USE IN CATALYSIS AKTIVATORZUSAMMENSETZUNGEN, IHRE HERSTELLUNG UND VERWENDUNG IN DER KATALYSE COMPOSITIONS D’ACTIVATEURS, LEUR PRÉPARATION ET LEUR UTILISATION EN CATALYSE (84) Designated Contracting States: (72) Inventor: LUO, Lubin AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB Baton Rouge GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO LA 70810 (US) PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR (74) Representative: Andrae | Westendorp (30) Priority: 22.11.2010 US 416092 P Patentanwälte Partnerschaft Uhlandstraße 2 (43) Date of publication of application: 80336 München (DE) 02.10.2013 Bulletin 2013/40 (56) References cited: (73) Proprietor: Albemarle Corporation US-A1- 2005 245 701 US-B1- 6 284 699 Baton Rouge, LA 70801-1765 (US) US-B1- 6 500 906 Note: Within nine months of the publication of the mention of the grant of the European patent in the European Patent Bulletin, any person may give notice to the European Patent Office of opposition to that patent, in accordance with the Implementing Regulations.
    [Show full text]
  • Fluorine Containing Complex Salts and Acids
    CHAPTER 1 Fluorine Containing Complex Salts and Acids BY ALAN G. SHARPE University Chemical Laboratory, Cambridge, England Page Complex Fluorides 1 r Complex Fluorides of Group 1 2 The Alkali Metals 2 Copper, Silver, and Gold 3 Complex Fluorides of Group II 4 Beryllium 4 Magnesium and the Alkaline Earth Metals 5 Zinc, Cadmium, and Mercury 5 Complex Fluorides of Group III 6 Boron 6 Aluminum 9 Gallium, Indium, and Thallium 10 Scandium, Yttrium, Lanthanum, and the Rare Earth Elemerits 11 Complex Fluorides of Group IV 12 Carbon, Silicon, Germanium, Tin, and Lead 12 Titanium, Zirconium, Hafnium, and Thorium 15 Complex Fluorides of Group V 17 Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Arsenic, Antimony, and Bismuth 17 Vanadium, Columbium, Tantalum, and Protactinium 20 Complex Fluorides of Group VI 22 Oxygen, Sulfur, Selenium, and Tellurium 22 Chromium, Molybdenum, Tungsten, and Uranium 24 Transuranic Elements 27 Complex Fluorides of Group VII 28 Chlorine, Bromine, and Iodine 28 Manganese and Rhenium 28 Complex Fluorides of Group VIII 29 Iron, Cobalt, and Nickel 29 The Platinum Metals 31 Bibliography 33 Complex Fluorides Most elements form complex ions. In aqueous systems, interference by fluorides in analytical processes has long been recognized as an indica­ tion of the stability of complex fluoride ions. Within recent years, investi­ gations in nonaqueous media have widened our knowledge of complex 1 2 ALAN G. SHARPE fluorides to a considerable degree, and this chapter gives a general account of such complexes in the solid state and in various solvents. A brief introduction to the complex fluorides and detailed discussions of com­ plexes of silicon, phosphorus, and sulfur appeared in Volume I.
    [Show full text]