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A Classical Review on Mundi (Sphaeranthus Indicus Linn.) Dr REVIEW ARTICLE July-Aug 2019 A Classical Review on Mundi (Sphaeranthus Indicus Linn.) Dr. Seema Pradeep1, Dr. Mahesh CD2, Dr. Saraswathidevi HN3 1Professor & Head, 2Professor, 3Post Graduate Scholar, Department of Dravyaguna, Sri Sri College Of Ayurvedic Science And Research, Bangalore, Karnataka, INDIA. A B S T R A C T Sphaeranthus indicus Linn. (Mundi) is a medicinal plant widely used in Indian traditional and folk systems of medicine for treating various ailments. Sphaeranthus indicus Linn. is from the aroma family Compositae. It is also known with other synonyms such as Mundi, Sravani, Bhikshu, Tapodhana, Sravanahva, Shravanashirshaka. It is abundantly distributed in damp areas in plains and also as a weed in the paddy fields. In the Indian system of medicine, the plant as a whole plant or its different anatomical parts viz., leaf, stem, bark, root, flower and seed are widely used for curing many diseases. The plant is bitter, stomachic, restorative, alterative, pectoral, demulcent and externally soothing. Key words: Sphaeranthus indicus Linn. Mundi, Folk systems. INTRODUCTION Numerous drugs have entered the market through Universe has provided a complete store house of exploration of ethno pharmacology and traditional remedies to cure ailments of mankind. Medicinal medicines. Efforts are needed to establish and plants have been used for centuries as a remedies for validate evidence regarding and safety and practice of the diseases because they contain component of Ayurveda medicine. One such medicinal plant is therapeutic values. According to WHO 80% of the Sphaeranthus indicus Linn. In the present study efforts world population continue to rely mainly on are made to validate the drug classically on scientific traditional medicines for their health care. Presently bagrounds. there is an increasing interest in the worldwide in REVIEW OF LITERATURE herbal medicines accompanied by increasing [4] laboratory investigation into the pharmacological Nirukti properties of bioactive ingredient and where ability to Mundi - Mundati Khandayati Gandadi Rogan Iti ! treat various diseases.[1-3] It removes lymphatic growths and other unwanted Address for correspondence: growths. Dr. Saraswathidevi HN Post Graduate Scholar, Department of Dravyaguna, Sri Sri College Synonyms[5-8] Of Ayurvedic Science And Research, Banglore, Karnataka, INDIA. E-mail: [email protected] 1. Aruna - Flowers are reddish violet colour. Submission Date: 02/07/2019 Accepted Date: 09/08/2019 Access this article online 2. Alambusha - It yields plenty of chaff (Husk) Quick Response Code 3. Kadamba Pushpin - Flowers are resembling Website: www.jaims.in those of Kadamba Pushpa. 4. Kulaahala - It reaches to each and every cells of Published by Maharshi Charaka Ayurveda Organization, Vijayapur, the body and does Lekhana Karma. Karnataka (Regd) under the license CC- by-NC-SA 5. Tapodhana - Dried flowers resembles completely shaved head. Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | July - Aug 2019 | Vol. 4 | Issue 4 300 Dr. Seema Pradeep et al. A Classical Review on Mundi (Sphaeranthus Indicus Linn.) ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE July-Aug 2019 6. Palankasha - It makes the Karshana of Palam Chanchuha + (Mamsa), it acts as anti-obesity. Pravrajitha + + 7. Bhikshu - The plant begs (Bhikshu) the place to grow, it grows after the harvest of paddy. Kadambap + + + ushpa 8. Bhutaghni - It destroys evil organisms and worms. 9. Sravanasirsika, Sravani, Sravanahva - The plant Shalikshetr + flowers in winter and there after bears fruits in aja Sravana constellation. Pushpavyu + Paryaya (Synonyms)[9],[5],[6],[10],[4],[11],[12],[7] ha Table 1: Synonyms of Mundi in various texts. Bhootagni + + Synonyms C S A D M R K B Sh P N Vernacular Names[14] S S H N PN N N P N N A Table 2: Vernacular Names Bhikshsu + + + + + + Language Vernacular Names Sravana + + Sanskrit Mundi, Sravani, Alambusha. Mundi + + + + + English East Indian globe - thistle Aruna(Rakt + Bengali Surmuriya, Chhagal Nadi, Mudmudiya, Murmuriya. a) Assami Kamadarus Parivraji + + + + Gujarathi Gorakhmundi, Mundi Tapodhana + Hindi Mundi, Gorakh Mundi Sravani + + + + + Kannada ಅ蒿ಕೆಕಸ, ಬೆೊೋಡುಕಡಲೆಸೆೊ꣍ಪು, ಮೊಡುಗಟ್ಟಿನ岿ಡ, Bhookada + + + + + + + ಬೆ糍ುಿಕರಂಡೆ, ಬೆೊಡತರ, ಮುಂ蒿ಕಸ, ಬೆೊಡದರಗ, ಚಂ蒿ಕಸ, mba ಸರಾವ貿, ಕರಂಡ. Shrimati + Malayalum Mirnagnee, Atookamanni, Mirangnee, Atakkamaniyan Alambhush + + + a Marathi Mundi, Baras Bondi, Gorakh Mundi. Munditika + + Urdu Mundi Kulahala + + Oriya Buikadamba, Murisa, Bokashungi + + Punjabi Ghundi, Khamadrus. Sravanashe + + ershika Tamil Kotook, Karandai, Kottakaranthai, Visnukkarantai. Vara + + + + + + Telugu Bodasaramu, Bodataramu, Bodatarapu Sravanaahv + + Persian Kamaduriyus a Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | July - Aug 2019 | Vol. 4 | Issue 4 301 Dr. Seema Pradeep et al. A Classical Review on Mundi (Sphaeranthus Indicus Linn.) ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE July-Aug 2019 [19] Arabi Kamazariyus Botonical Review Botanical Name - Sphaeranthus indicus Linn. Santhal Belaunja Kingdom - Plantae History of Drug Subkingdom - Phanerogams Charaka Samhita[15] Class - Dicotyledens Acharya Charaka has mentioned Mundi in the name Subclass - Gamopetalae of Sravani in Madhuraskanda Gana. Series - Inferae Sushruta Samhita[16] Order - Asterales Acharya Sushruta has mentioned Mundi in Surasadigana, in the name of Kulahala, the same has Family - Asteraceae been commented by Acharya Dhalana as Mundi. Genus - Sphaeranthus [17] Ashtanga Hrudaya Species - indicus Linn Acharya Vagbhata has explained Mundi in Family Characters Madhuraskanda Gana, and told as Sravaniyugam. [20] (Sravani and Mahasravani) Compositae Nighantu Period [9,5,6,10, 4, 11, 12, 7] Herbs or shrubs, rarely trees. Leaves usually alternate; stipules 0, inflorescence a centripetal head of usually Table 3: Varga of Mundi according to Nighantu many small flowers (less commonly few or very rarely 1) sessile on the dilated top of the peduncle Nighantu’s Vargas (receptacle), enclosed in an involucre of whorled D. N Guducyadi Varga bracts. The flowers (florates) of a head may be hermaphrodite (bisexual) or unisexual (monoecious or M.P.N Harithakyadi Varga dioecious) or neuter (asexual) usually pentamarous, actinomorphic or zygomorphic. There are two kinds of R.N Parpatadi Varga flowers disc florates (tubular flowers) and ray florates K.N Oushadhi Varga (ligulate florates). Inflorescence may racemose, head or capitulum with an involucre bract, rarely spikes. B.P.N Guducyadi Varga The arrangement of florates on the head is as follows; all the ray in and disc florates on a single head may be Sh.N Guducyadi Varga tubular and actinomorphic., all the ray and disc P.N Shathapushpadi Varga florated in the head may be ligulateand zygomorphic. Receptacle sometimes furnished with bracteoles Ni.A Sahadeviyadhi Varga (paleae, Scales, bristles, fimbrillae), sometimes naked and smooth or with small pits (foveolate) or deeply Properties in Siddha system[18] pitted (alveolate). Flowers either all unisexual or Sphaeranthus indicus Linn. is used in Siddha system of bisexual, variously arranged. Calyx-tube wholly medicine in the name of Koṭṭaikkarantai. It is used as adherent to the ovary; Limb 0 or of scales, bristles or one of the ingredient in the Siddha preparation, hairs (pappus). Corolla epigynous, gamopetalous, “Veezhi Ennai (or Veezhi oil).” Though this plant finds sometimes regular and either ligulate or bilabiate place in many preparations, this is the only (corolla wanting in female flowers of Xanthium), Disk preparation mentioned in the official publication. epigynous; stamens 5-4, inserted on the corolla and Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | July - Aug 2019 | Vol. 4 | Issue 4 302 Dr. Seema Pradeep et al. A Classical Review on Mundi (Sphaeranthus Indicus Linn.) ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE July-Aug 2019 alternate with its segments; filaments usually free Achenes; terete or angled, glabrous or villous, often above; anthers 2-celled, introrse, cohering into a tube glandular, those of female flowers and male flowers which sheaths the style (very rarely free), the cells often different, pappus absent. often tailed at the base. Ovary 1-celled; ovule solitary, Types of Mundi[4] erect, anatropous: style slender; usually 2-fid; arms (sometimes connate) linear, 1/2-terete,acute, obtuse, 1. Mundi (Sphaeranthus indicus Linn.) truncate or pencillate, or tipped by pubescent ones, 2. Maha Mundi (Sphaeranthus africanus Linn.) sometimes clavate, variously papillose, stigmatic near According to Raja Nighantu[6] the margins, fruit are achene, articulated to the common receptacle, generally sessile, provided with a 1. Shravani (Sphaeranthus indicus Linn.) basilar or lateral areole indicating its points of 2. Mahashravani (Sphaeranthus indicus Linn.) insertion, often prolonged into a beak at the top, [11] naked above or crowned by the persistent sessile or According to Sodhala Nighantu stipulate, pappus. Seeds erect: testa membranous; 1. Shravani (Voratheri) - Sphaeranthus indicus Linn. albumen 0; embryo straight; cotyledons Plano- 2. Mahashravani (Raktavodetheri) - Sphaeranthus convex; radicle short. africanus Linn. and Sphaeranthus amaranthoides Distribution[21] Mundi (Sphaeranthus indicus Linn.) The compositae is the largest family of the ▪ Stem - erect, prostrate, deccurent winged stem angiosperm containing about 950 genera and toothed aromatic herb and branches probably 20,000 species. The numbers belongs to the family are found everywhere on the surface of the ▪ Root - Usually tap root system and branched. earth / cosmopolitan
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