REVIEW ARTICLE July-Aug 2019

A Classical Review on Mundi ( Indicus Linn.) Dr. Seema Pradeep1, Dr. Mahesh CD2, Dr. Saraswathidevi HN3 1Professor & Head, 2Professor, 3Post Graduate Scholar, Department of Dravyaguna, Sri Sri College Of Ayurvedic Science And Research, Bangalore, Karnataka, INDIA.

A B S T R A C T

Sphaeranthus indicus Linn. (Mundi) is a medicinal widely used in Indian traditional and folk

systems of medicine for treating various ailments. Linn. is from the aroma family Compositae. It is also known with other synonyms such as Mundi, Sravani, Bhikshu, Tapodhana, Sravanahva, Shravanashirshaka. It is abundantly distributed in damp areas in plains and

also as a weed in the paddy fields. In the Indian system of medicine, the plant as a whole plant or its

different anatomical parts viz., leaf, stem, bark, root, flower and seed are widely used for curing many

diseases. The plant is bitter, stomachic, restorative, alterative, pectoral, demulcent and externally

soothing.

Key words: Sphaeranthus indicus Linn. Mundi, Folk systems.

INTRODUCTION Numerous drugs have entered the market through Universe has provided a complete store house of exploration of ethno pharmacology and traditional remedies to cure ailments of mankind. Medicinal medicines. Efforts are needed to establish and have been used for centuries as a remedies for validate evidence regarding and safety and practice of the diseases because they contain component of Ayurveda medicine. One such medicinal plant is therapeutic values. According to WHO 80% of the Sphaeranthus indicus Linn. In the present study efforts world population continue to rely mainly on are made to validate the drug classically on scientific traditional medicines for their health care. Presently bagrounds. there is an increasing interest in the worldwide in REVIEW OF LITERATURE herbal medicines accompanied by increasing [4] laboratory investigation into the pharmacological Nirukti properties of bioactive ingredient and where ability to Mundi - Mundati Khandayati Gandadi Rogan Iti ! treat various diseases.[1-3] It removes lymphatic growths and other unwanted Address for correspondence: growths. Dr. Saraswathidevi HN Post Graduate Scholar, Department of Dravyaguna, Sri Sri College Synonyms[5-8] Of Ayurvedic Science And Research, Banglore, Karnataka, INDIA. E-mail: [email protected] 1. Aruna - Flowers are reddish violet colour. Submission Date: 02/07/2019 Accepted Date: 09/08/2019 Access this article online 2. Alambusha - It yields plenty of chaff (Husk) Quick Response Code 3. Kadamba Pushpin - Flowers are resembling Website: www.jaims.in those of Kadamba Pushpa.

4. Kulaahala - It reaches to each and every cells of Published by Maharshi Charaka Ayurveda Organization, Vijayapur, the body and does Lekhana Karma. Karnataka (Regd) under the license CC- by-NC-SA 5. Tapodhana - Dried flowers resembles completely shaved head. Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | July - Aug 2019 | Vol. 4 | Issue 4 300

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ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE July-Aug 2019

6. Palankasha - It makes the Karshana of Palam Chanchuha + (Mamsa), it acts as anti-obesity. Pravrajitha + + 7. Bhikshu - The plant begs (Bhikshu) the place to grow, it grows after the harvest of paddy. Kadambap + + + ushpa 8. Bhutaghni - It destroys evil organisms and worms. 9. Sravanasirsika, Sravani, Sravanahva - The plant Shalikshetr + flowers in winter and there after bears fruits in aja

Sravana constellation. Pushpavyu + Paryaya (Synonyms)[9],[5],[6],[10],[4],[11],[12],[7] ha

Table 1: Synonyms of Mundi in various texts. Bhootagni + +

Synonyms C S A D M R K B Sh P N Vernacular Names[14] S S H N PN N N P N N A Table 2: Vernacular Names Bhikshsu + + + + + + Language Vernacular Names Sravana + + Sanskrit Mundi, Sravani, Alambusha.

Mundi + + + + + English East Indian globe - thistle

Aruna(Rakt + Bengali Surmuriya, Chhagal Nadi, Mudmudiya, Murmuriya. a) Assami Kamadarus Parivraji + + + + Gujarathi Gorakhmundi, Mundi Tapodhana + Hindi Mundi, Gorakh Mundi Sravani + + + + + Kannada ಅ蒿ಕೆಕಸ, ಬೆೊೋಡುಕಡಲೆಸೆೊ꣍ಪು, ಮೊಡುಗಟ್ಟಿನ岿ಡ, Bhookada + + + + + + + ಬೆ糍ುಿಕರಂಡೆ, ಬೆೊಡತರ, ಮುಂ蒿ಕಸ, ಬೆೊಡದರಗ, ಚಂ蒿ಕಸ, mba ಸರಾವ貿, ಕರಂಡ. Shrimati + Malayalum Mirnagnee, Atookamanni, Mirangnee, Atakkamaniyan Alambhush + + + a Marathi Mundi, Baras Bondi, Gorakh Mundi.

Munditika + + Urdu Mundi

Kulahala + + Oriya Buikadamba, Murisa, Bokashungi + + Punjabi Ghundi, Khamadrus. Sravanashe + + ershika Tamil Kotook, Karandai, Kottakaranthai, Visnukkarantai.

Vara + + + + + + Telugu Bodasaramu, Bodataramu, Bodatarapu

Sravanaahv + + Persian Kamaduriyus a

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[19] Arabi Kamazariyus Botonical Review Botanical Name - Sphaeranthus indicus Linn. Santhal Belaunja Kingdom - Plantae History of Drug Subkingdom - Phanerogams Charaka Samhita[15] Class - Dicotyledens Acharya Charaka has mentioned Mundi in the name Subclass - Gamopetalae of Sravani in Madhuraskanda Gana. Series - Inferae Sushruta Samhita[16] Order - Acharya Sushruta has mentioned Mundi in Surasadigana, in the name of Kulahala, the same has Family - been commented by Acharya Dhalana as Mundi. - Sphaeranthus [17] Ashtanga Hrudaya Species - indicus Linn Acharya Vagbhata has explained Mundi in Family Characters Madhuraskanda Gana, and told as Sravaniyugam. [20] (Sravani and Mahasravani) Compositae Nighantu Period [9,5,6,10, 4, 11, 12, 7] Herbs or shrubs, rarely trees. Leaves usually alternate; stipules 0, inflorescence a centripetal head of usually Table 3: Varga of Mundi according to Nighantu many small flowers (less commonly few or very rarely 1) sessile on the dilated top of the peduncle Nighantu’s Vargas (receptacle), enclosed in an involucre of whorled D. N Guducyadi Varga bracts. The flowers (florates) of a head may be hermaphrodite (bisexual) or unisexual (monoecious or M.P.N Harithakyadi Varga dioecious) or neuter (asexual) usually pentamarous, actinomorphic or zygomorphic. There are two kinds of R.N Parpatadi Varga flowers disc florates (tubular flowers) and ray florates

K.N Oushadhi Varga (ligulate florates). Inflorescence may racemose, head or capitulum with an involucre bract, rarely spikes. B.P.N Guducyadi Varga The arrangement of florates on the head is as follows; all the ray in and disc florates on a single head may be Sh.N Guducyadi Varga tubular and actinomorphic., all the ray and disc

P.N Shathapushpadi Varga florated in the head may be ligulateand zygomorphic. Receptacle sometimes furnished with bracteoles Ni.A Sahadeviyadhi Varga (paleae, Scales, bristles, fimbrillae), sometimes naked and smooth or with small pits (foveolate) or deeply Properties in Siddha system[18] pitted (alveolate). Flowers either all unisexual or Sphaeranthus indicus Linn. is used in Siddha system of bisexual, variously arranged. Calyx-tube wholly medicine in the name of Koṭṭaikkarantai. It is used as adherent to the ovary; Limb 0 or of scales, bristles or one of the ingredient in the Siddha preparation, hairs (pappus). Corolla epigynous, gamopetalous, “Veezhi Ennai (or Veezhi oil).” Though this plant finds sometimes regular and either ligulate or bilabiate place in many preparations, this is the only (corolla wanting in female flowers of Xanthium), Disk preparation mentioned in the official publication. epigynous; stamens 5-4, inserted on the corolla and

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alternate with its segments; filaments usually free Achenes; terete or angled, glabrous or villous, often above; anthers 2-celled, introrse, cohering into a tube glandular, those of female flowers and male flowers which sheaths the style (very rarely free), the cells often different, pappus absent. often tailed at the base. Ovary 1-celled; ovule solitary, Types of Mundi[4] erect, anatropous: style slender; usually 2-fid; arms (sometimes connate) linear, 1/2-terete,acute, obtuse, 1. Mundi (Sphaeranthus indicus Linn.) truncate or pencillate, or tipped by pubescent ones, 2. Maha Mundi (Sphaeranthus africanus Linn.) sometimes clavate, variously papillose, stigmatic near According to Raja Nighantu[6] the margins, fruit are achene, articulated to the common receptacle, generally sessile, provided with a 1. Shravani (Sphaeranthus indicus Linn.) basilar or lateral areole indicating its points of 2. Mahashravani (Sphaeranthus indicus Linn.) insertion, often prolonged into a beak at the top, [11] naked above or crowned by the persistent sessile or According to Sodhala Nighantu stipulate, pappus. Seeds erect: testa membranous; 1. Shravani (Voratheri) - Sphaeranthus indicus Linn. albumen 0; embryo straight; cotyledons Plano- 2. Mahashravani (Raktavodetheri) - Sphaeranthus convex; radicle short. africanus Linn. and Sphaeranthus amaranthoides Distribution[21] Mundi (Sphaeranthus indicus Linn.) The compositae is the largest family of the ▪ Stem - erect, prostrate, deccurent winged stem angiosperm containing about 950 genera and toothed aromatic herb and branches probably 20,000 species. The numbers belongs to the family are found everywhere on the surface of the ▪ Root - Usually tap root system and branched. earth / cosmopolitan in each possible types of habitat. Sometimes tuberous or thicker. Most of them are herbaceous but tropical region the ▪ Leaves - are sessile, deccurent, 2-7cm long and 1- trees have also been reported in our country the 1.5cm wide, obovate-oblong, narrowed to the family is represented. It is abundantly found in damp base, dentate, or serrate hairy, villous greenish area in the plains all over India, ascending to an brown, slightly aromatic when fresh, aroma altitude of 1500M in the hills, especially as a weed in disappearing on long storage. the rice fields. ▪ Flowers - cluster 0.5 inches in diameter Globose, [21] Genus : Sphaeranthus head about 1.5cm long and about one cm in Annual or herbs with spreading branches, leaves diameter, purplish-pink with linear involucral alternate toothed, decurrent on the stem, heads bracts – Spatulate, acute which are shorter than small, heterogamous, not rayed, collected together in the head and ciliate at apex, peduncle with close terminal globose, or ovoid clusters, clusters toothed wings, outer female flowers 12 to 16, crowed on a large common receptacle and often inner bisexual 2 or 3, Corolla of female - 2 having a general involucre of empty bracts at their toothed, Ovary-inferior , Carpels - 2, style arms base each head with many outer flowers female, connate. fertile and few inner flowers male fertile or sterile, ▪ Fruit - Achene, Smooth, Stalked, Angular and Sub- involucre narrow with few or many paleaceous bracts. Glabrous. Receptacle small, naked, corolla of female flowers, slender, tubular, minutely 2-3 of male flower with Maha Mundi (Sphaeranthus africanus Linn) tubular funnel shaped or globular thickened tube and ▪ Sanskrit - Maha Mundi; Mal. - 4-5 lobed limb, anther bases sagittate, auricle acute or Veuthaadakkamani-yan. tailed; style; arms filiformsometimes connate.

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▪ A slender, glabarous or pubescent, fragrant herb Disease and Pest Control: Leaf eating caterpillar has commonly occurring in marshy areas all along the been observed and can be controlled through bio- coast from West Bengal to Kerala and also in pesticide. many parts of Maharashtra. Branches are winged. Harvest Management Wings are entire. Crop Maturity and Harvesting: Flowering starts in ▪ Flowers in heads, white or purple in colour. They occur in clusters - 0.2-0.4 inches in diameter. November and 65 continues upto March. Seed can be Dentate at the Apex. Bracts - Spatulate Wings of collected from March to April. stem are entire. Post-harvest Management: Plant should be dried in ▪ Leaves - Obovate, denticulate and glabarous. shade. Corolla are funnel shaped. PHARMACOGNOSY[13],[14] ▪ Fruits - Achenes, Small angled and glandular. Macroscopic Description[23] (Raw Material) ▪ The roots are used in Kerala as a substitute for those of Sphaeranthus indicus Linn. Stem - pieces 5 to 15 cm long and 0.3 to 0.4 cm thick, branched, cylindrical or some what flattened with Cultivation[22] toothed wings, rough due to longitudinal wrinkles, Climate and soil: It grows as a weed in paddy fields externally browinish black to brownish green, and thrives well after harvest of paddy over medium internally creemish grey, Fracture fibrus odour nill, clayey soils. taste bitter.

Propagation Material: seeds. Leaves - are sessile, decurrent, 2-7 cm long and 1-1.5 Agro-technique: Nursery Technique cm wide, obovate-oblong, narrowed to the base, dentate or serrate hairy, greenish brown, slightly Raising Propagules: Seed are sown in August in well aromatic when fresh, aroma disappearing on long prepared nursery beds. It takes about 10-12 days for storage. germination. Seedlings are ready within one month attaining the height of 5.0 - 6.0 cm. It is then ready for Flowers - Globose, head about 1.5 cm long and about field planting. one cm in diameter, purplish-pink with linear involucral bracts which are shorter than the head and Planting in the Field: Land Preparation and Manure ciliate at apex, peduncle with toothed wings, outer Application: The field is ploughed, harrowed and female flowers 12 to 16, inner bisexual 2 or 3, corolla planked to have a fine tilth. About 5-10 t of FYM along of female 2-toothed, ovary, inferior, carpels 2, style- with N: P: K 20:30:30 kg/ha is mixed with soil before arms connate. transplanting seedlings at a distance of 30cm X 15cm. Irrigation is given immediately. Rest of Nitrogen is Root - pieces 5 to 15 cm long and 0.3 to 05 cm thick, a given at 30 and 70 days after planting. few branching, smooth, slender, somewhat laterally Intercropping System: It can be grown as intercrop in flattened, greyish-brown, fracture short, odour not paddy fields. characteristic, taste, slightly bitter. Intercultural and Maintenance Practices: Two Fruit - achene, smooth, stalked. weeding and hoeing are given at 20 and 45 days after Microscopic Description[23] planting. Stem - Epidermis single layered covered with thick Irrigation Practices: About 4 to 5 irrigation at an cuticle. Cortex consisting of 4 to 6 layers of oval to interval of 15 days is required after monsoon rain is polygonal, thin walled, parenchymatous cells. over. Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | July - Aug 2019 | Vol. 4 | Issue 4 304

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Endodermis single layers of barrel- shaped cells. Table 4: Physico-chemical parametres Pericyclic fibres, lignified arranged in discontinuous ring. Secondary phloem narrow, having usual SN Parameter Permissible limit elements, groups of cellulosic fibres found scattered in this zone. Secondary xylem composed of usual 1. Foreign matter Not < 2% elements vessels with spiral thickening or simple 2. Total Ash Not < 23% pitted. Pith very wide composed of oval to polygonal, thin – walled, parenchymatous cells. 3. Acid insoluble Ash Not < 9%

Leaf - Midrib - epidermis single layered followed by 4 4. Alcohol Soluble Not > 2% to 6 layered collenchyma and 3 to 4 layered Extractive parenchyma cells present on both surfaces trichomes both non glandular and glandular present on both 5. Water Soluble Extractive Not > 6% surfaces, glandular trichomes 2 or 3 cells high, une or PHARMACOLOGY biseriate stalk, having a multi cellular head, non- glandular trichomes uniseriate with 2 to 5 cells Table 5: Rasa Panchaka of Mundi[9,5,6,10,4,12,7,14,15] vascular bundle 3 to 4 situated centrally having usual elements. Nighant Rasa Guna Virya Vipak Doshaghna us a tha Lamina - epidermis single layered having numerous non glandular and trichomes similar to those of midrib D.N Tikta, Katu on both surfaces. Katu

Mesophyll composed of oval to polygonal thin walled Ma.N Tiktha, Laghu Madh Katu parenchymatous cells and not differentiated into Katu ura palisade and spongy parenchyma cells stomata R.N Kashaya Ushna Katu Kaphapitah anisocytic present on both surfaces. Stomatal index ara 30 to 38 on lower surfaces, 20 to 29 on upper surfaces. Stomatal number 47 to 54 per sq. Mm on K.N Madhur Ushna Katu Vatakaphah lower surfaces 15 to 22 per sq.mm on upper a, Tikta, ara surfaces.Vein islet number 20 to 26. Kashaya

Root - Epidermis single layered, rectangular; B.P.N Madhur Laghu Ushna Katu secondary cortex composed of oval to tangentially a elongated, thin walled, parenchymatous cells having P.N Tikta Ushna arenchyma; secondary phloem composed of thin-

walled, oval to polygonal cells, a large number of Ni.A Madhur Usna Katu Vatakaphah groups of lignified phloem fibres found scattered in a, Katu, ara this zone; central portion occupied by lignified, Tikta, secondary xylem having usual elements; vessels Kashaya simple pitted; starch grains simple, round to oval with Note: All the Nighantus have mentioned Rasa as Tikta concentric striations and distinct hilum. Measuring 13 and B.P.N, Ni.A and K.N have also mentioned to 27 μ in diameter, present in secondary cortex. Madhura Rasa. R.N and Ni.A has mentioned Kashaya Physico-chemical parametres of drug[23] Rasa, almost all mentioned Vipaka as Katu and Veerya as Ushna except M.N who mentioned as Madhura Identity, Purity and strength Veerya. Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | July - Aug 2019 | Vol. 4 | Issue 4 305

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Table 6: Showing the indications Toxicology[25],[26]

Nighantus Indications ▪ The acute toxicity of plant S. indicus Linn. was determined by using albino mice of either sex (16- D.N Aama, Aruchi, Apasmara, Ganda, Slipada. 20g.), maintained under standard husbandry conditions. The animals were fasted for 3 hrs Ma.N Medhya, Ganda, Apachi, Kruchra, Krimi, Yoniroga, prior to the experiment and the extract was Pandu. administered as single dose and observed for the R.N Aamatisara, Kasa, Visha, Chardi mortality upto 48 hours study period (short term toxicity). Based on the short term toxicity profile, K.N Ganda, Apachi, Pleeha, Medha, Apasmara, Pandu, the consecutive dose of the extract was Sleepada, Aruchi, Yoniroga, determined as per Organization for Economic Co- Kasa, Kruchra, Guda and Krimirogas. operation and Development Guidelines No. 420.

B.P.N Medaroga,Medhyagudaarthi, Ganda, Apachi, The maximum dose tested (2000 mg/kg) for LD50. th th th Pleeha, Apasmara, Pandu, Sleepada, Aruchi, From the LD50, doses like1/15 , 1/10 and 1/5 Yoniroga, Kruchra and Krimiroga. were selected and considered as low, medium and high dose i.e. 100mg/kg, 200mg/kg, P.N Raktashodaka, Vrana, Ganda, Vidradhi, Sleepada, 300mg/kg respectively to carry out this study. Aruchi, Raktadusti ▪ The herb is employed as a fish poison. An aqueous Note: All Nighantus are highlighted the indication of extract of whole plant was slightly toxic to Mundi in Gandamala, Slipada, Ma.N and B.P.N has American cockroaches.[14] mentioned in Mutrakruchra. PHYTO-CHEMISTRY[24] Drug action in other literatures [14],[24] Chemical Constituents The plant is stomachic, stimulant, alterative, pectoral, demulcent and emollient. The drug consists of the whole plant along with Capitula (inflorescences). Steam distillation of fresh It is used in epilepsy, hemicrania, jaundice, liver and flowering herb yields a red, viscous essential oil (yield, gastric disorders. 0.01-0.02%); which is highly soluble in water. The roots are bitter, acrid, sweet, thermogenic, Oil obtained by steam distillation of the plants Diuritic, expetorent, febrifuge, stomachic. They are - useful in Diabetes, leprosy, Fever, Pectoralgia, Cough, showed the following constituents: Cadinene, 15.3; α -caryophyllene, 7.4; P-methoxy Hernia, Haemorrhoids, Helminthiasis and Dyspepsia. ionone, 12.6; β cinnamaldehyde, 7.4; Eugenol.7.0; α-Phellandrene, The flowers are highly esteemed as an alternative, 7.0; ocimene,6.1; Citral, 5.4; α-Terpinene,2.2%; and an Depurative, Refrigerant unidentified Sesquiterpene. Anti- tubercular properties have also been ascribed to The constants and constituents differed some what the plant. from those of the oil obtained from Varanasi (yield.0.01%;) which contai - Posology[23] ned methyl chavicol, α ionone, D-cadinene and P-methoxy cinnamaldehyde

▪ Swarasa - 10-20ml as the major constituents and ocmene, α-Terpinene, ▪ Puspachurna - 1-2gm Citral-geraniol, geranylacetate, β-Ionene(?), A new sesquiterpene alcohol called Sphaeranthol, two new

▪ Kwatha - 50-100ml sesquiterpenes (sphaeranthene and indicusene); and Part Used[4] - Panchanga (Whole plant) probably a phenolic ketone (semicarbozone) as the minor constituents. Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | July - Aug 2019 | Vol. 4 | Issue 4 306

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Besides the essential oil, the herb yields 3% of a fatty Trutiyasarpi Kasa, Hikka, Jwara, Yakshma, Tamakaswasa, oil, yellowish green in colour. A bitter alkaloid, Guda Rakta-Pitta, Halimaka, Shukrakshaya, Sphaeranthine has been reported to occur in the Trushna, Karshya, Kamala and dosage as 1 plant. Later work has revealed the presence of a Tola glycoside which, on hydrolysis, yields an alkaloid. Vrishya Gritha Vrishya, Balya, Varnya, Kantya, Brihmana Capitula contain albumins, a semi-drying fatty oil (upto 5%), reducing sugars, tannins, mineral matter, a Indrokta It is taken with milk for one month, useful as Rasayana Uttamaparamaayu, Taruna and volatile oil (0.07%) with a characteristic odour and a Rogarahitavasta etc. bitter taste and a glycoside (yield 0. 002%). No alkaloid was detected in the inflorescence. The Madhura Basti Chikithsa glycoside on hydrolysis gave a water soluble Skanda Aglucone, Phenolic in nature. The unsaponifiable Ropana Churna Vrana Ropana matter of the fatty oil showed β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, n-tricontanol, n-pentacosane and Swadamstradi Kasa, Mutrakrichra hentriacontane. β –D- glycoside of β-sitosterol has Gritha been isolated from the flower heads. Grita Vatarakta Medicinal uses and formulation’s [27-37] Vamanakalpa, Cough and heart burn. Table 7: Indications of the formulations. Leha

Yoga’s Indications Taila Khandoshta, Vatapittajanya Rogas and helps for conception Chandanadi In which is used for Abhyanga, which reduces Taila Daha and Jwara. Amrutadhya Amavata Churna Bala Taila Vata-Pitta Janya Yoni Roga and helps for Garbhadharana. Alambushadi Amavata, Vatarakta, Trika, Jaanu, Uru and Churna Sandhistavata Jwara, Aruchi Dhamargava Hruddaha and Kasa. Avaleha Dwitiyaalambus Pravruddaamavata hadi Churna Nishotha Yoga Virechana in Vata-Pittajanyavikara, Tritiya Amavata , Sandhisotha Jeevantyadi Bruhmana, Vata-Pittaghna, Balya, Shukra and Alambushadi Anuvasana Agnivardhaka, Mutrashukra and Arthavastitha Churna Yamaka Doshanashaka. Alambusha Apachi, Gandamala and Kamala. Shravanyadi Vatarakta Swarasa +

Gritha honey and ghee

Amrutadya Taila Vatavyadi and Unmada, Arati, Apasmara Mundi Swarasa Suryavarta and Ardhava Bedhaka. + Maricha Sthiradi Kasa, Jwara, Daha, Kshata, Kshaya Choorna Ksheerapaka Dehadourgandh Mundi Churna with sour gruel. Vata-Pitta Janyahruddrava, Shoola, yahara Yoga Mootrakrichra, Prameha, Arshas, Kasa, Swadamstradi Shosha and also it increases Bala and Mamsa. Vata Gajankusa Koshtusheershaka, Avabahuka, Urustamba, Gritha Rasa Hanustamba, Manyastamba, Pakshaghata

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[38] Ratnagiri Rasa Nava Jwara Controversy In Charaka and Sushruta ‘Munditika’ is not mentioned Navaratna Raja Vataroga, Swasa, Grahani, Aruchi, Shula, but the other synonyms such as Sravani, Mahasravani Mrganka Agnimandhya, Apasmara, Sarvajwara. are there. Munditika and Alambusha synonyms. in Guduchi Taila Pumsavana Karma, Garbhaprada, Vatarakta, short Sravani, Mahasravani, Munditika, Alambusha (Brihaddwitiya) Kandu, Sweda, Pama, Shirakampa, Ardita. are all synonyms. there is no controversy for Munditika or Gorakh Mundi (Gujarati), but ‘Alambusa’ Mundyadi Grahanivikara Gutika is controversial. Bhava Misra has described Alambusa as Lajjalu Bheda. Lajjalu as its name signifies is the ▪ Keeping cotton tampon soaked in Mundi oil sensitive plant. Its scientific name is Mimosa Pudika removes vaginal pain (R.M) (Leguminoseae). Lajjalu Bheda is Biobhytums ensitivum (Oxalidaceae). Lajjalu is called Rosamani in ▪ Paste made up of root of Mundi mixed with gujarati. Lajjalubheda is Jarara (gujarati) and it is also powdered Sarja and cooked in mustard oil. a sensitive plant. Bhavamisra has given Alambusa, ▪ Munditikachurna Vatarakta, Mundi 3g, Grita 5g, Kharatwaku, Medogala as the synonyms. Madhu 10g, taken with Guduchi Kwata 50ml, Bhavamisra has shown 2 varieties Mundi, Vangasena 27/35/575. Mahamundi. But the properties of both are the same.

▪ The juice of the leaves is used as a gargle to cure Alambusa is Mundi but is not a “Lajjalubheda” sore throat. (Lakajan) as Bhavamisra has suggested. Let us not ▪ Till it becomes semisolid should be applied locally confuse Lajjalu and Lajjalubheda with Alambusa. in disease named Vicchi (tearing of rectal orifice Alambusa is Munditika. It is better if we drop (paediatric disorder). Medogala from Munditika. ▪ The paste of the herb made with oil is applied in CONCLUSION itch. During literature survey it was observed that the plant ▪ The powdered seeds and roots are given as an Mundi is widely available in paddy fields and also is anthelmintic. having wide range of phyto chemicals. There are classical references available for the drug. The ▪ A decoction of the root is used in chest pains, cough and bowel complaints reference of the drug is quoted in Brihattrayi’s, Laghutrayi’s, Nighantu’s and even in Siddha system

▪ The papery bark was ground and mixed with whey and modern literatures. The literature review of the and is said to be useful application in piles. drug was done from available literatures, different ▪ Leaf juice was boiled with milk and sugar candy floras, research papers and reliable internet sources. and prescribed for cough. It is told in classics that मुꅍडी: मुꅍडतिख赍डयति ▪ The Juice of plant was used in vitiated conditions ग赍डादीन्रोगानइति् ! It removes lymphatic growths and of Vata, epilepsy, hemicrenia, Jaundice, diseases. The same has been appreciated during hepatopathy and gastropathy. literature review. During Literature survey it was observed that lots of researches are done on different ▪ A paste of the herb mixed with gingelly oil is good activities of this plant Mundi by various streams of for pruritus and painful swellings. medicine and pharmacy. Mundi is abundantly ▪ Oil prepared by using the root is useful in scrofula. available in paddy fields, after the harvest of paddy ▪ The powdered leaf and flower is good for skin crop, for its easy availability and cost effectiveness, diseases and is considered as nervine tonic. this drug can be used in treatment of various diseases.

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ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE July-Aug 2019

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