Gender and Far Right Politics in Europe

Gender and Far Right Politics in Europe GENDER AND POLITICS Edited by Michaela Köttig, Renate Bitzan, Andrea Petö Gender and Politics Series Editors Johanna Kantola Senior Lecturer in Gender University of Helsinki, Finland Sarah Childs Professor of Politics and Gender University of Bristol, UK Editorial Advisory Board Louise Chappell Judith Squires School of Social Sciences University of Bristol, UK University of New South Wales, Jacqui True Australia Monash University, Australia Joni Lovenduksi Mieke Verloo Birkbeck College Radboud University Nijmegen University of London, UK The Netherlands Amy Mazur Laurel Weldon Washington State University, USA Purdue University, USA The Gender and Politics series celebrates its 5th anniversary at the 4th European Conference on Politics and Gender (ECPG) in June 2015 in Uppsala, Sweden. The original idea for the book series was envisioned by the series editors Johanna Kantola and Judith Squires at the first ECPG in Belfast in 2009, and the series was officially launched at the Conference in Budapest in 2011. In 2014, Sarah Childs became the co-editor of the series, together with Johanna Kantola. Gender and Politics showcases the very best international writing. It publishes world class monographs and edited collections from scholars - junior and well established - working in politics, international relations and public policy, with specific refer- ence to questions of gender. The 15 titles that have come out over the past five years make key contributions to debates on intersectionality and diversity, gender equality, social movements, Europeanization and institu- tionalism, governance and norms, policies, and political institutions. Set in European, US and Latin American contexts, these books provide rich new empirical findings and push forward boundaries of feminist and politics conceptual and theoretical research. The editors welcome the highest quality international research on these topics and beyond, and look for proposals on feminist political theory; on recent political transformations such as the economic crisis or the rise of the populist right; as well as proposals on continuing feminist dilemmas around participation and repre- sentation, specific gendered policy fields, and policy making mechanisms. The series can also include books published as a Palgrave pivot. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/14998 Michaela Köttig • Renate Bitzan • Andrea Petö Editors Gender and Far Right Politics in Europe Editors Michaela Köttig Andrea Petö Frankfurt University of Applied Central European University Sciences, Frankfurt, Germany Budapest, Hungary Renate Bitzan Technische Hochschule Nuremberg Nuremberg, Germany Gender and Politics ISBN 978-3-319-43532-9 ISBN 978-3-319-43533-6 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-43533-6 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016953823 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2017 This book was advertised with a copyright holder in the name of the publisher in error, whereas the author holds the copyright. This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Cover illustration: © Tetiana Vitsenko / Alamy Stock Photo Printed on acid-free paper This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland ‘In times of re-arising nationalisms and the simultaneousness of advanced standards of women’s emancipation and anti-feminist backlash, the book tremendously helps to be aware of common and differing gender politics within Europe’s far right.’ – Prof. Ursula Birsl, Philips-University, Germany ‘For far too long, the relationship between gender and today’s extreme right has been neglected. Replete with examples drawn from across Europe, this is an impressive work. Important, timely and deeply thought-provoking, this book is long overdue.’ – Professor Nigel Copsey, Teesside University, UK ‘This timely volume sheds light on a largely overlooked, yet critical, aspect of the extreme right in Europe today: gender. The well-researched chap- ters make it abundantly clear the extreme right skillfully employs gendered discourses and appeals as part of their political arsenal.’ – Professor Margaret Power, Illinois Tech, USA v PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Finished at last! The way has been long and arduous, but finally we have succeeded in gathering together papers from a total of 12 European coun- tries on right-wing extremism and gender, a subject which receives far too little attention in academic discussions. The inspiration for this book came from the international workshop ‘Gender and Far Right Politics in Europe’ which was held in September 2012 in Nuremberg, Germany. We would therefore like to express our gratitude once again to those organizations which supported the workshop financially or otherwise: the Competence Center for Gender & Diversity at the Georg Simon Ohm Technische Hochschule Nuremberg; the research network ‘Women and Right-Wing Extremism’; the foundation ‘Nuremberg—City of Peace and Human Rights’; the mayor of Nuremberg; the Georg Simon Ohm Technische Hochschule Nuremberg; the Bayern Forum of the Friedrich-Ebert Foundation; the Hans Böckler Foundation and the Amadeu Antonio Foundation. We also thank the Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences for supporting this book project. Our warm thanks go to all the authors for their perseverance and their contributions to this project. We are grateful to Ruth Schubert for her language editing services, and last but not least we say thank you to Alice Blum, who believed in this project and worked for it tirelessly, during all its ups and downs. vii viii PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Without all this help, the project would not have been possible and would never have come to fruition. Thank you everybody. Michaela Köttig Frankfurt am Main, Germany Renate Bitzan Nuremberg, Germany Andrea Petö Budapest, Hungary April 2016 CONTENTS Introduction 1 Michaela Köttig and Alice Blum Part I Country Reports 11 Doing Racism, Performing Femininity: Women in the Sweden Democrats 13 Diana Mulinari and Anders Neergaard Contesting Gender Equality Politics in Finland: The Finns Party Effect 29 Tuukka Ylä-Anttila and Eeva Luhtakallio The Increasing Visibility of Right-Wing Extremist Women in Contemporary Europe: Is Great Britain an Exception? 49 Andrea S. Dauber Research on Gender and the Far Right in Germany Since 1990: Developments, Findings, and Future Prospects 65 Renate Bitzan ix x Contents Between German Nationalism and Anti-Muslim Racism: Representations of Gender in the Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ) 79 Carina Klammer and Judith Goetz Towards an Alternative Emancipation? The New Way(s) of Women’s Mobilisation in the Hungarian Radical Right Subculture 95 Anikó Félix Women and Gender Ideologies in the Far Right in Spain 111 Miquel Ramos and Frauke Büttner A ‘New’ National Front? Gender, Religion, Secularism and the French Populist Radical Right 127 Francesca Scrinzi Nationalism and Women in Greece During 1936–1941 and Today: Indicative Historical and Sociological Notes 141 Maria Chr. Alvanou Part II Comparative Perspectives in Europe and the US 157 Women on the Fast Track: Gender Issues in the National Democratic Party of Germany and the French National Front (1980s–2012) 159 Valérie Dubslaff The Emergence of Powerful Anti-Gender Movements in Europe and the Crisis of Liberal Democracy 175 Eszter Kováts Contents xi Similarities/Differences in Gender and Far-Right Politics in Europe and the USA 191 Kathleen Blee Part III Media Discourse on Gender 205 “Mohair Berets”: Media Representations of Elderly Right-Wing Women and Aestheticization of Age in Poland 207 Kateryna Novikova Gender Stereotypes Constructed by the Media: The Case of the National Socialist Underground (NSU) in Germany 221 Michaela Köttig A World Without Gender? The Struggle of Austria’s Far Right over What It Means to Be Human: An Analysis of Barbara Rosenkranz’ Book MenschInnen 235 Boka En, Michael En, and Mercedes Pöll Pitied Women, Aggressive Men. Images of Muslims in Swedish Christian and Secular News Discourse 253 Kristian Steiner Part IV Discourses on the Issues Antifeminism and Masculinity 271 At the Mercy of Femocracy? Networks and Ideological Links Between Far-Right Movements and the Antifeminist Men’s Rights Movement 273 Alva Träbert xii Contents Songs That Sound “Right” 289 Marko Stojanovska Rupčić The

Load more