Lee Case Studies Janice E. Stockard and From the Field to the Classroom Dobe Ju/’hoansi The in Cultural Anthropology George Spindler, Series Editors Case Studies in Cultural Anthropology Series Editors: Janice E. Stockard and George Spindler The Dobe Ju/’hoansi Fourth Edition Geographically and topically diverse, the Case The Dobe Ju/’hoansi, 4th Edition, Studies in Cultural Anthropology series has Richard B. Lee Richard B. Lee enriched the study of cultural anthropology ISBN-13: 978-1-111-82877-6 and the social sciences for countless Shadowed Lives: Undocumented Immigrants in undergraduate and graduate students. More American Society than 200 ethnographies have been published , 3rd Edition, Leo R. Chavez through the years, many of which have ISBN-13: 978-1-133-58845-0 become classics in the field. And as the world continues to evolve into a global community, CourseReader for Cultural Anthropology the more recent studies in the series provide CourseReader: Cultural Anthropology allows not only readable, informative ethnographic you to create a fully customized online treatments of the world’s cultures but also reader in minutes. Access a rich collection discussions of their interactions and the of thousands of primary and secondary consequent changes that ensue. sources, readings, and audio and video selections from multiple disciplines. You A partial listing of series titles follows. For have the freedom to assign and customize more information on the series and to access individualized content at an affordable price. a wide range of anthropology resources, CourseReader: Cultural Anthropology is the visit us on the web at www.cengage.com/ perfect complement to any class. 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Printed in the United States of America 12345671615141312 ✵ Foreword ABOUT THE SERIES The Case Studies in Cultural Anthropology Series was founded in 1960 under the joint editorship of George and Louise Spindler, both anthropologists at Stanford University. Since that time, more than 200 case studies have been published, and the series has enjoyed wide readership in college and university classrooms around the country and abroad. With Louise Spindler’s death in 1997, their series was left with one editor. In 2005, anthropologist Janice E. Stockard came on board as CSCA Series Co-Editor. The case studies were originally conceived as descriptive studies of cultures intended for classroom use. By design they are accessible, short, and engaging. Their authors are anthropologists who have conducted extensive field research in diverse societies, experienced professionals who have “been there.” They are also teachers. The goal of the series is to introduce a broad audience of students to cultural differences—as well as to demonstrate the commonalities of human lives everywhere. In the early years of the series, many case studies focused on a single relatively bounded community—a group, tribe, or village—that could be distin- guished by its own cultural practices, beliefs, and values. Today the case studies also reflect a world undergoing dramatic cultural change. One goal of the series is to continue to describe the distinctive features of the cultures of the world. Another goal is to analyze the sweeping changes underway as a result of accelerating trends in migration, urbanization, and the global flows of informa- tion, technologies, goods, and capital. Thus for anthropologists today, the task remains to describe the distinctive features of the cultures of the world. In addition, the goal is to document cultural transformations—and to decipher the ways in which the particular forms that change takes are influenced by the distinctive features of specific cultures and iii iv FOREWORD local cultural practices. A no less daunting task is to understand the meaning of these changes for the people who live with them. Janice E. Stockard and George Spindler CSCA Series Co-Editors, 2013 ABOUT THE AUTHOR Richard Borshay Lee is a University Professor Emeritus of Anthropology. He received his B.A. and M.A. from the University of Toronto and his Ph.D. at the University of California Berkeley. Prior to coming back to Toronto he held academic appointments at Harvard and Rutgers, and more recently visit- ing positions at Columbia, Australian National, and Kyoto Universities. He has guest lectured in over sixty institutions in many countries around the world including Australia, France, Vietnam, Japan, Germany, Italy, South Africa, and Russia. His research interests include human rights and indigenous peoples, ecology and history, AIDS, the politics of culture and the anthropology of state societies. Recently, along with his wife Professor Harriet Rosenberg of York University, he has focused on the critical issues for human health posed by the pharmaceuti- cal industry. He is internationally known for his studies starting in the 1960s, of hunting and gathering societies, particularly the Ju/′ hoansi-!Kung San of Botswana and Namibia. Of his over 20 field trips to the Kalahari Desert the most recent was July–August 2011. His work has been heralded as stimulating a paradigm shift in our thinking about deep human history. Lee has pointed out that for 90 percent of our history as humans, we lived as hunter-gatherers. His research findings and theories—that sharing and cooperation, not aggression, have been the key to our success as a species—have influenced philosophers, political scientists, psycholo- gists and biologists, formulating new theories about human nature and the evolution of human behavior. As an indication of his influence, his 1979 book, The !Kung San:Men, Women, and Work in a Foraging Society, was listed in the journal, American Scientist, as one of the 100 most important works in science of the twentieth century. He is a recipient of a number of honors: in 1983, elected to Fellowship in the Royal Society of Canada; in 1999, appointed as a university professor, the University of Toronto`s highest honor. In 2005 he was elected as a foreign member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. And in 2011 he was elected to the National Academy of Sciences of the United States, one of only 20 Canadian scientists in that body and the only anthropologist. Past-president of the Canadian Anthropology Society, Lee holds honorary doctorates from the University of Alaska, Fairbanks, and Guelph University for his research and advocacy on behalf of indigenous peoples. FOREWORD v ABOUT THE CASE STUDY Fourth Edition, 2012 By Janice E. Stockard, CSCA Series Co-Editor This case study classic is considered among the most important studies of one of the world’s last remaining groups of foragers—the Ju/′hoansi—who practiced hunting and gathering until the 1970s. Since the introduction of the first edition in 1984, The Dobe Ju/′hoansi has continued to enjoy broad audiences of students in classrooms across the country. Richard B. Lee began his first ethnographic fieldwork in the early 1960s, and since then has regularly returned to live among and study the Ju/′hoansi in Dobe (Botswana). Although his primary focus has been Dobe, he has also studied Ju/′hoansi bands elsewhere in Bots- wana, and more recently in Namibia. Part of the lasting appeal of this case study is the richness of Lee’s perspective, based as it is on long-term research and his commitment to the people he studies.