1st .January

~ NNOW rable l:onfusion was caused on 1st April. instead of ence, your Directors have o lst January as from 1977. rembershiP until 31 March, f the amended subscription :ety is thereby able to avoid

to "International Camellia rship Representatives listed

Card in acknowledgement of

5, South Africa.

N.S.w. 2075, . alifornia 94960, U.S.A.

:U, Kobe, Japan. uquefou, France. PERKINS, Thomas R., m., 40Si P, 'PHELPS, Miss Claudia L, P.O. B PHILBRICK, Dr. Ralph No. Santa Barbara, Cal. 93105. PIET, Meyer, 757 Anom Lane.. As PHILLIPS, Dr. Charles R.., 608 N(I PINEAU, Cecile A., P.O. Box l08, PLANTING FIELDS ARBOREn PRYOR, William A., 705 13th A'>'C PURSEL, Frank V., 5833 MoragaJ The International Camellia Society PUTNAM, Harry S., ~ Eocalyp was inaugurated in 1962 with the following motives: PYRON, Joseph H., Box 132, Rq'I RAY, Mrs. Wilbur V., 5024 E Lam! REED, Frank F., 1161 East HOW31 1. To foster the love of Camellias throughout the world, and to maintain RHYNE, Marshall H., P.O. Box 35 and increase their popularity. RIGGINS, Mrs. Ward, 386 EastBa 2. To undertake historical, scientific and horticultural research in ROWE, Mrs. Harold L, 804 No. l~ ROWELL, Milo E., Rowell BoiWim connection with Camellias. SCHWARTZ, Dr. Robert E., P.O. 3. To co-operate with all national and regional Camellia Societies and with SEARS, Andrew F., 10145 No_ sm other Horticultural Societies. SEIBERT, Dr. R J., Director.l..iJe 4. To disseminate information concerning Camellias by means of bulletins SENAY, Mrs. Ellen B., 645 ~ SEVERIN, Ella A., Benefield Pbml and other publications. SHARP, Mrs. Bruce H., 7613 Wi& 5. To encourage a friendly exchange between Camellia enthusiasts of all SHORT, Harvey F., 4280 Merritt B nationalities. 'SIMMONS, Mrs. Edward Mdlbellill 'SIMMONS, Mrs. Fisher, Avery Isl:i SMITH, Mrs. T. 1., P.O. Box 116. 1 ·SPENGLER,Mrs. Joseph I., "«I I AN APOLOGY SQUYRES, Louis, 2606 CopdaOO I STAHLMAN, Mrs. Hugh I.• Jm-~ I FROM THE PRINTER STEINDORFF, H. W., 115 WoOOI!2 STONE, Mrs. Henry S., 3060 0Ic:ml SWINDELL, Mrs. James P., P.O. I THOMAS, Clark W., 128 West 6dt We express our regret to the Editor and readers THOMAS, Joe, 555 Emily Place, M of the International Camellia Journal, also to THOMAS, Mrs. W. W., 1888W)d TODD, Moses G., 510 Carlisle Way Mr Yoshiaki Andoh, for the following errors in TOLSON, E. L, Jr., 13A Pine tai.. Issue No.8 -­ TOM DODD NURSERIES INC. "I TOMLINSON, Frank N., T~ TREISCHEL, Roger R., 1636 Golf UNIVERSITY OF CALIFOIU\:-U Cover: Photograph should be reversed, left to right. Angeles, Cal. 90024. Page 3: Alter page number for 'Golden Gate' to 42. UNIVERSITY OF WASHlNGTO?­ U.S. DEPT. OF . Page 4: Photograph of omitted; picture shows Mrs Donald Woodrow. Washington, D.C. 20001. . Page 47: Photograph descriptions have been transposed. Please paste URQUHART, Mrs. C. F., Jm•. p.e correctly-positioned description·strip below over the incorrect positioning: ..... VALLOT, Earl E., Grand\'iewNur. VAN DOREN, A. R, Apeldoom, 1 VENERABLE, James T., IMBW. WAGNER, Dr. Kenneth C.• 6154 ~ WAKEFIELD HORTICULTURAl WALKER, Helen G., 2700 Verona . Cover: WALDEN, Spencer C., JDr., P.O. I WARING, Mrs. Joseph I., 1500 Old ICS members from three WESTGATE, Reland B., 1760 Porp countries at the Cornwall (England) WHITE, Mr. & Mrs. John C, 3301 Congress in April 1976. Pictured at WILLSEY, S. A., P.O. Box 1736. ( "Trewithen" are two French WINDHAM, Judge Whit, Room 30~ members (back of heads to camera), ZIMMERLI, Mrs. Ellsworth, 15 Nil Mr and Mrs Les Jury (New Zealand), Mrs A. Johnstone (in chair), and U.K. Director Mr David Trehane. THE INTERNATIONAL CAM ELLIA JO URNAL ISSUES NOVEMBER,1976

The Officers and Directors for 1976 are as follows:

PRESIDENT Professor E. G. Waterhouse, C.M.G., O.B.E. 17 Mcintosh Street, Gordon, N.S.W. 2072, Australia VICE·PRESIDENTS David Trehane, Truro, Cornwall, England Yoshiaki Andoh, Kobe, Japan Tom Savige, Wirlinga, N.S.W., Australia DIRECTORS Asia: Yoshiaki Andoh and Dr. Toshiro Veda (Japan) Africa: Trevor Schofield and Jan van Bergen (Sth. Africa) Australia: Eric Craig Dr. John Pedler Alex Jessep Tom Savige Channel Islands: Mrs. Violet Lort-Phillips France: Le Vicomte de Noailles Italy: Dr. Antonio Sevesi New Zealand: Owen Moore Spain: Antonio Odriozola United Kingdom: Harold Hillier David Trehane Frank Knight Reginald Try Dr. James Smart U.S.A.: Charles Butler Jack Jones Willard Goertz William Kemp Douglas Deane Hall SECRETARY Roger Gray 9 Hanover Street, Epping, N.S.W. 2121, Australia TREASURER John Alpen 24 Day Road, Cheltenham, N.S.W. 2119, Australia EDITOR Eric Craig 4 Lowther Park Avenue, Warrawee, N.S.W. 2074, Australia

1 OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS FOR 1977-78

The July 1976 Newsletter airmailed to all recorded members of the Society invited nominations of Officers and Directors for 1977-78 (those listed on the preceding page having served for the two-year period 1975-76). In consequence of nominations received by the Hon Secretary which were subsequently consenfed to by the nominees, APPOINTMENTS are now announced in those instances where the number of valid nominations does not require a ballot to be held:

PRESIDENT: Professor E. G. Waterhouse C.M.G., O.B.E. (Australia) VICE-PRESIDENTS: Yoshiaki Andoh (Japan) Sir Giles Loder (United Kingdom) Tom Savige (Australia) DIRECTORS: Africa - Dr. John P. Rourke France - M. Claude Thoby Italy - Dr Antonio Sevesi Japan-Taiwan - Dr Toshiro Veda New Zealand - Mr Owen Moore United Kingdom - Miss Cicely Perring Dr James Smart Mr David Trehane Spain/Portugal-Marques de Figueroa Other Regions - Mrs Violet Lort-Phillips (Channel Islands)

Directors for AMERICA and AUSTRALIA will be announced as soon as possible after the return of Voting Forms forwarded to all members as a separate enclosure within this issue of the Journal.

2 contents november 1976

By-Laws, as amended...... 72 Camellia Book from Japan 21 Editorial Eric Craig 4 Epithetic! David Trehane 56 Membership Lists ...... 75 Membership Representatives Back Cover President's Message E. G. Waterhouse 5 Treasurer's Report John Alpen 70

PEOPLE AND EVENTS Americans in the South Seas Eric Craig 13 Conference at Cornwall 1976 Robin Miller 6 Congress at Nantes 1977 18 Cornwall Postscript David Trehane II Cornwall through French Eyes Jean Laborey 12 44 for Breakfast ' Mary Davis 34 Floralies Internationales de Nantes 1977 16 International Letterbox...... 26 Jean Heurtin of Nantes...... 20 Man of Meiji Mary Kiyono 22

CAMELLIAS ARE TRULY UNIVERSAL Around the World via "Botanies" Robert Gimson 24 Awards of Merit...... 28 Californian Winners 1975-76 Willard F. Goertz 27 Choosing Camellias for the Emperor Eric Craig 21 .Flower Shows in England ...... •...... Douglas Deane Hall 15 Mikawa Camellia Country Dr Toshiro Ueda 31

CULTURE AND RESEARCH Camellia Improvement by Scientific Approach Les Jury 53 'Chiri-tsubaki' John Alpen 37 Do you recognise this Camellia? , Dr John Rourke 43 'Emperor' -identified in America? E. G. Waterhouse 48 'Golden Gate' Houghton S. Hall 43 'Golden Foliage' Camellia Dr Peter Valder 44 Grafting with Cuttings Steve Clark 50 Italia - Storia della Camelia Tom Savige 60 Life Cycle of a Camellia Dr Peter Valder 65 Quest for the Golden Camellia William S. Donnan 52 Roof-Rot of Camellias Dr John Pedler 58 R.S.V.P. Devon Dr James Smart 29 'Taro-an' , Yoshiaki Andoh 46 'Tarokaja' and 'Uraku' : Robert Gimson 38 Worst Drought for 250 Years Violet Lort-Phillips 36

3 ~ EDITORIAL Our President is Honoured by Her Majesty the Queen It was wonderful, thrilling news to learn that this year's Queen's Birthday Honours included that of C.M.G. for Professor E. G. Waterhouse, o. B. E. Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II graciously conferred upon our President the high honour of Companion of the Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George, in recognition of his service to . Our picture, courtesy of The Morning Herald, shows Lady Cutler (wife of the Governor of New South Wales) and the Professor's good friend Mrs Donald Woodrow, congratulating him after the ceremony at Government House, Sydney, on September 10.

This issue of the Journal contains a loose Voting Form for the biennial election of Directors. May I urge American and Australian members in particular (the regions where a ballot has become necessary) to exercise his or her vote immediately, and to airmail the completed form to the Hon. Secretary as soon as possible.

The 1977 International Camellia Society Congress will be held at Nantes, France, in conjunction with the International Floralies. As we go to press, I am informed that groups from Great Britain, the Channel Islands, the United States, Italy and Japan will be going to Nantes, whilst I am delighted to report that at least 50 Australian camellians will attend. Let us hope that members from every corner of the globe will make a great effort to be in Nantes on May 16, 17 and 18, so that international togetherness of the most joyous kind - our love of camellias - will create many lifelong friendships.

4 A Message to Members FROM THE PRESIDENT

By the time this Journal is in your hands, another year will have elapsed, and you will have elected your President, three Vice-Presidents, and a number of the Regional Directors for 1977 and 1978. I felt highly honoured when Mr Harold Hillier nominated me for a further term as President. I only hope that I shall be able to justify his confidence and goodwill. We now have three Vice-Presidents, each from a different region, and as only three have been nominated and have accepted nomination, they can be declared elected. These are Sir Giles Loder (United Kingdom), Mr Yoshiaki Andoh (Japan) and Mr Tom Savige (Australia). Mr David Trehane declined nomination for a further term as Vice-President, but accepted nomination as Director. At this point I would like to place on record my deep appreciation of the support and wise counsel Mr Trehane was ready to give me at all times. His clarity of mind and his penetrating assessment of the difficulties of running an international society will, I am sure, always be freely at our disposal. In place of Mr Trehane as Vice-President, we now have Sir Giles Loder of "Leonardslee". Sir Giles must have the most comprehensive collection of camellias in the U. K., both in the open and under glass and has been a constant prizewinner at the R.H.S. Shows. His are labelled, and his is frequently open for inspection. Moreover, Sir Giles has visited America and Europe to study camellias, and is well-known internationally. I have consul~ed him several times, and found his advice invaluable. I now look forward to working with him more closely in furthering the interests of the International Camellia Society. And now for another excellent piece of news: Dr John Rourke, of the famous Kirstenbosch Botanic Garden, has accepted nomination as Director for Africa. He is keenly interested in the identification of the many old camellias surviving in South Africa from earlier times. We can certainly be of mutual assistance, and look forward to co-operating with him in opening up this new field of camellia interest. I extend grateful thanks to other Directors who have served our Society so well, but do not desire re-nomination, namely Messrs Harold Hillier, Frank Knight, Reginald Try, and the Vicomte de Noailles. Looking backward for a moment, anyone who reads Robin Miller's lively account of the Cornwall Conference will realise that fresh impetus is manifesting in our Society. The presence of so many French representatives was most heartening, and bodes well for the forthcoming meeting 'at Nantes next May. We know far too little about camellias in France, and of their earlier history. Dr Sevesi in Italy has done a magnificent job in discovering and publishing early lists and descriptions of camellias originating in Italy, and I hope that someone wil be stimulated to perform the same service for France. Mr Andoh is researching deeply into Japanese Camellias. We look forward eagerly to the awakening of camellia interest in China. And so, dear members, we are well launched on our great global voyage. We are separated in space, but we all share the same aim and purpose of making the camellia better known and appreciated throughout the world. I greet you all warmly, wherever you may be, and ask you to help your Directors by your closer participation in the affairs of the Society. Send us your comments, your suggestions, and your kindly criticisms. Do not feel isolated, but realise that you can be a valued and important unit in developing friendship and understanding between your country and the rest of the world. E. G. Waterhouse. 5 THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE AT CORNWALL APRIL, 1976 ROBIN MILLER London, England Diary of Events April 3: evening: preview slide-show by David Trehane April 4: a.m. County Demonstration Garden p.m. Trewithen evening: preview slide-show of Caerhays Castle by Julian Williams April 5: Marwood Hill, Barnstaple fl..priI6: a.m. Chyverton p.m. Tremeer evening: slide-show lecture by Les Jury April 7: a.m. Antony p.m. Mount Edgcumbe evening: slide-show lecture by Milton Brown April 8: a.m. Trehane p.m. Luncheon - City Hall, Truro with Mayor and Officers of the Cornwall Garden Society p.m. Truro - Spring Flower Show Tregothnan evening: Banquet April 9: Caerhays Castle

In all the years I have been writing, I have seldom felt so nervous as when asked, just as I was leaving the conference, to write an account of it. For me, a rank amateur, who has, moreover, only recently come to love and be interested in camellias (which are now beginning to jam my small London garden!) to write about a week of camelliaphile activity for the world's enthusiasts and experts? Noway! . However, when David Trehane assured me that mine need not be an "expert's" account, that it could be a personal impression - an aide-memoire for .the lucky ones who were there, an album of verbal "snaps" for those who could not be with us - I agreed. If for no other reason, it seems little enough to do to repay David for organizing one of the most interesting and enjoyable weeks of garden-visiting I have ever experienced. The Diary above will show you our programme. I want, if I can, to illustrate it for you - not necessarily in chronological order. My first 'snap' is of Cornwall itself. A glance at the map of the British Isles will show you why Cornwall is the most favourable part of the U.K. in which to grow camellias, rhododendrons and magnolias, a peninsula with the Atlantic on three sides, the added bonus of the Gulf Stream reaching its shores, and the rainfall one expects on western coasts - at least, in non-drought years. In addition, the soil is acid, in places with a pH count low enough to allow David Trehane's nursery to· offer American Highbush blueberries, and that is acid indeed! What the map will not show you is Cornwall's unique beauty. Admittedly, I am half Cornish, but it's a claim I think everyone who attended the Conference will endorse. Cornwall is a land, above all, of contrasts - of deep lanes, banked with

6 primrose.s as thick as flowers in a medieval tapestry; of fingers of the sea reaching far llliand, nbbons of mud and reeds overhung by ancient oaks; of high moorland where the gales that scream in from the ocean twist and stunt the trees and shave the tops of the woods as neatly as a razor; of still valleys, thick in leafmould, so sheltered that tree-ferns will grow there. It is mysterious Celtic country, not the haunted "mourn" of wt?stern Ire\and, but wit~ an l!nd~r-current of excitement, a gaiety, a quickness in the air. You either harmonIse with It or you feel unease; you cannot escape it. Nor can the within its sphere of influence; Cornwall's Celtic aura pervades them. As the countryside differs from the rest of the U.K., so do the houses we visited. Everyone has an impression of the typical "English stately home". Cornish houses ' are neither English nor - thank goodness - stately. Some, like Tregothnan and Antony are large; most are plain, unpretentious houses, their perfect proportions reflecting the taste and cultivation of the families for whom they were built, while their lack of decoration proclaims that their owners were (and in many cases still are) country folk, first and foremost, who cared not a fig for London or "the world", and were content, as their descendants are content, to practise good husbandry and make the most wonderful gardens. Don't get the wrong impression; we did not wander in 18th century pleasances; the old gardens themselves are long since gone; even Cornish cannot resist change! What remains of the original plantings are shelter-belts, and these are the secret of today's Cornish gardens. Nigel Holman was able to demonstrate 200 years of such planting at Chyverton. Standing outside the silvery house (on one wall of which 'Captain Rawes' dropped its great glowing heads for all the world like Rose 'Mme. Gregoire Staechlin') he pointed out, below and around us and on the opposite side of the valley, firstly the "original" 18th century woods, then the supplementary shelter planted in the 19th century ­ mostly ponticum and the cliff-like arboreum. hybrid rhododendron known locally as 'Cornish Red'. In the woodlands themselves he showed us how the resulting density had been discreetly thinned in this century (much of it by himself and his wife) to provide ideal sites, almost free from frost and wind, for camellias. All the gardens we visited were beautiful, but Chyverton must be singled out as an object-lesson in how to and maintain ornamental woodland, and furthermore how to incorporate camellias into such a landscape. Using mystery and surprise ­ those two. essentials of all - twisting paths lead the visitor from one glade to another, some large, some small, each space framing one specimen, its isolation setting it off to perfection. The devilish frost that always seems to strike just before the arrival of visitors had blasted the taller magnolias, but down below, the camellias were almost untouched. Some are too old to be named with certainty: other old varieties are known: C. 'Valtevareda', for instaQ.ce, and the lovely and aptly named white C. 'Nobilissima'. Of newer varieties, 'Royalty' was in flower and C. w. 'Mildred Veitch' was superb. But Chyverton has more than camellias. Heretical though it may be to say so in this Journal, it is the very relief from camellias in these woods that makes them all the more beautiful. I know my interest as well as my aesthetic appreciation was doubled by making such discoveries as Cerdiciphyllum japonicum, R. Pletcherianum (its yellow flowers set off by leaves of pure purple) Betula Ermani cordifolia and, above all Magnolia cylindrica. Still low enough to escape the frost, the white blooms and faintly dappled bark of this lovely variety gleamed with an unearthly, elvish beauty as if lit from within. Other lessons - this time on how to use a seemingly derelict garden site - were learned at David Trehane's own' garden, at Trehane, on ancestral family land. As Vice President of the ICS and the leading camellia nurseryman of the U.K., it was no surprise to find David's garden both lovely and interesting. What makes it unique is that David and his wife are single- (or rather double-) handedly making a garden on a

7 site most people would despair of. the grounds of a burned-out mansion, which acts as a giant Folly, the perfect foil to the beauty around it and is itself beautiful, draped as it is from ground to roof-top in a curtain of the heavenly-scented climber Holhoellia. How the Trehanes manage it on top of their nursery work and their innumerable extracurricular horticultural duties (among them the thousand details of the arrangements for the Conference, all of flawless efficiency) none of us could imagine, as we wandered around not the "labour-saving" garden one would expect of such busy people, but walks and walls and beds, most of them on sloping terraces, and all still requiring that slave-driver, the hoe, and filled with such treasures as Scilla liliohvacinthlls, Fritillaris persica Adivaman, the lovely pink ground-cover plants Delltaria spp, and the most brilliant Rosmarinus 'Tuscan Blue' anyone could remember seeing. What we had expected, but which outstripped expectations, was David's trial plantings of camellias, a living Dictionary of the genus that had members silently scribbling in their notebooks. The Trehane's garden is also an encouragement to the timid, and an endorsement of the theory that. with reasonable precautions, boldness pays, for they grow exotica which the "play-safe" brigade would never attempt so far inland. Shelter and wise placing - plus a dash of gambling spirit of the true - have led to triumphant success with many tender plants; even Beschorneria yucciodes was sticking forth its scarlet dragons' tongues in a promise of fine flower spikes. While the interest of the Trehane's garden lies in good treatment of the old, that of ICS Director Dr. Jimmy Smart, at Marwood Hill, (just over the border in N. Devon) is the fact that it is almost brand-new. Jimmy's passion for gardening has led him to jump the road from the normal confines of his former home to the unlimited space of his new one, and to madly, wonderfully plant the whole of one side of a not inconsiderable valley' Just for good measure he has also dammed the stream to form a fair-sized lake. Capability Smart! Here we saw a garden in the making which I, as a novice, found quite as interesting. perhaps in one way more so, as the mature beauties of the older properties. Jimmy Smart's camellias form a breathtaking collection, the outdoor varieties well sheltered in the former (from which mere vegetables are now banished), the indoor ones pampered by two immense, purpose-built glasshouses. Nearby, another building is entirely devoted to the propagation of camellias (and other shrubs) by means of cuttings under mist, by graft, and from seed. "Firsts" for me at Marwood Hill were Magnolia Loebneri (which, as Jimmy pointed out, puts on nearly two feet of new growth in a year), Forsythia suspensa ·Nymall.~·, its bells a mercifully pale yellow and twice the size of the ordinary variety, and Clematis paniclIlata (indivisa), hanging over the glasshouse camellias like a cloud of white passion-flowers. Just before we left, when we were taking a last look down the several acres of hill garden which Jimmy has wrested from the virgin sod, someone murmured in a dreamy voice, '" wonder what he's going to do with the other side of the valley ... ?" Oh. gardeners ... ! Faith is the lesson I learned at Trewithen, and made me vow I would never again say, "I shan't plant that; I shall never see it flower in my lifetime." The woodlands at Trewithen look as if they had been there since the house was built in the 1720s. Not so, it seems: the present chatelaine, Mrs. Johnstone (whose beauty makes it hard to credit her age) told us that every plant - other than forest trees of course - had been either grown from seed or raised from cuttings during her 66 years of married life at the place!

8 The camellias al Antony have the Majeslic Tregothnan, home of Lord cameras clicking furiouslv. and Ladv Falmourh.

As at Chyverton, the beauty of the camellias, many of them tree-sized including the original saluenensis and reticulata forms sent home by George Forrest, is enhanced by the restful green of the woods that shelter them, the thick drifts of white and cream narcissi at their feet. and the contrast of shrubs like the April flowering Myrtus lechlerana. the vast yellow Rhododendron Macaheanum. and my special Trewithen discovery (one of the best made during the week). Men:iesia ciliicalyx. a fountain of pale cream-yellow bells of the utmost delicacy.

Tremeer, a Jacobean pile of rich brown stone. has a passionate camelliaphile in its delightful owner. Major-General Eric Harrison. In contrast to the other gardens, only a small percentage of that at Tremeer is woodland, most of it being laid out in terraces before and behind the house. The 265 varieties of camellias were not only a beautiful sight but also useful to those who, like myself. are anxious to see what a plant will look like (and how much space it will devour) 10 or 20 years after planting. Tremeer also gave me the loveliest single sight of the week, an immense plant of 'Donation' a pillar of pink, sweeping down to join its own reflection in the still black waters of a woodland pool.

Antony - noble Antony, looking down a star of three rides cut by Humphrey Repton in the French style to reveal glimpses of blue water beyond - has a double attraction in the combination of mature woodlands and a long valley devoted almost entirely to recently-planted camellias made by the owners. Sir John and Lady Carew Pole. I say "owners" for although Sir John, who is Lord Lieutenant of Cornwall, has given Antony to the National Trust, he and his wife still live there and, somehow, manage most of the planting and upkeep of the grounds. In Lady Carew Pole's case this feat is all the more remarkable in the light of her long and courageous battle against ill-health. It is she who runs the nursery-garden. specialising in Hemerocallis and, of course - camellias.

(This ability to buy plants was one of the more delightful features of the week. Could anything be more satisfactory than to purchase the offspring of the very plant you have just seen in maturity? So popular was this feature of the Conference that the evening return to the coaches resembled Birnam Wood marching on Dunsinane, so laden were we all with plants') To Tregothnan, home of Lord and Lady Falmouth. must go the double crown for grandeur of scale and the sheer interest of the plants contained in what seems like literally miles of woodlands. Lovdy though the camellias are, some of them great trees 100 years old. and beautiful though the grounds are. a tour through Tregothnan (especially when one is guided as we were by the knowledgeable Falmouths) was an education in dendrology with the added interest of knowing that many of the plants had been sent back directly from the expeditions of Forrest and Hooker and Veitch's collectors. Both the scale of the planting and the felicitous association of trees and shrubs for once merit that over-worked term "landscape gardening".

9 Tregothnan is grandeur in maturity but Mount Edgcumbe is almost more exciting to a gardener, for it is grandeurin the making - or, rather, the making anew. Before the second World War, the gardens, set in a vast natural amphitheatre and looking across the water to Plymouth, were famous for their beauty. By 1946 they had virtually disappeared. The mansion had been bombed; the grounds churned by the tracks of the tanks that were assembled there for D-Day landings. Now the property has beentransferredhy the present Earl of Mount Edgcumbe to the Cornwall County Council and the City of Plymouth as a Country Park, and though there is still much to be done one can begin to see the result of years of work. I am delighted to say that the ICS is deeply involved in this horticultural renaissance. Once again, our thanks are due to David Trehane, for it was his idea to approach the Cornwall County Planning Department to ask for an area to be set aside for camellias. Now WOO are being planted, found by members of our society free of charge, with no further financial liability. Imaginatively" ICS members have been invited to participate in the provision of plants, labelling etc. and also to devise the layout. We attended the ceremonial plantings, a pleasantly international affair with spades wielded by Milton Brown from the U.S.A., Monsieur Andre Baumann from France, Lady Mount Edgcumbe, William Kemp for the Middle Georgia Camellia Society, Les Jury from New Zealand, the Chairman of Cornwall County Council and the Joint Park Committee, the deputy Lord Mayor of Plymouth and, most appropriately of all, by David Trehane himself, planting oneof a group of Camellia 'E. G. Waterhouse'. Finally, on the day the Conference broke up, the Williams family most kindly opened up the grounds of Caerhays Castle - the home of the wilfiamsii hybrids ­ especially for members. To visit such a place, and to be shown round by descendants of Mr. J. C. Williams - whose work must be forever blessed by camellia-lovers ­ can only be described as "the cherry on top of thecake~' of a superb week. It is only my desire to give you detailed "snaps" of our week that has led to cutting down on the space I would like to give to the other delights of the Conference. Foremost among these must be the slide-illustrated lectures. To hear Les Jury describe his breeding programme, to have Julian Williams "show us around" Caerhays, to hear Milton Brown tell us about the American camellia scene alone would have made the week worth-while. Then, as if all this expertise was not enough, we had the advantage of the company of famous horticulturists - Harold Hillier, the world-famous nurseryman; Frank Knight, lately Director of the Royal Horticultural Society's Garden at Wisley; John Bond from Windsor Great Park; Jean Laborey, Ingenieur Horticole of France; Robert Gimson from Spain; as well as the experts among the members who could be consulted (Le. badgered) by the less-expert, like myself. The Truro County Flower Show was the finest I have attended outside the RHS Shows in London - although for me it was also one of the most expensive since I, along with other members, found the stand of Treseder's, the famous Cornish nursery, irresistible! I wonder if mine will be the first Datura cornigera 'knightii'in London? As for the County Demonstration Garden, I can only say that every area, everywhere in the world, should support one: it would save gardeners much money and heartbreak. Windbreaks, mulches, fertiliser trials (with their comparative costs, an all too often forgotten point), ground-cover, garden layouts, plants for and shade, and much more. Invaluable. Last, but by no means least, was the pleasure and interest of re-meeting Overseas Members and making new friends among the Members of many nationalities. Not for the first time did I regret that the world is not run by horticulturists. It would be a far better place! What a week! To David Trehane, Jimmy Smart, John Tooby, Elaine Welch, Bunty Kitson, and all those others who helped to make the Conference such a stunning success, our most grateful thanks.

10 STOP OFF IN SUSSEX ON YOUR WAY TO NANTES Members planning to visit England in April 1977 are invited ~o enjoy a preliminary International Camellia Society gathering In Sussex from APRIL 22 to 25 . J\ program of visits is being arranged, to include the fabulous garden of Sir Giles Loder at Leonardslee, near Horsham, as well as other magnificent gardens. Join us to meet many old friends, and to make new ones!

Write airmail for details to: Miss Cicely Perring, 47 Havelock Road, Hastings, East Sussex TN34 1BQ, England.

CORNWALL POS TSCRIPT By David Trehane, Truro, Cornwall, U.K.: The Americans were much taken by the County Demonstration Garden, exclaiming that there was nothing like it in U.S.A., and it was just what the average gardener wanted to show him the right plant to grow, and how to avoid mistakes.

At Mount Edgcumbe, members could see the large area cleared for camellias, and we of the ICS are being asked to plan the layout. We wandered around the formal gardens, and joined in a planting ceremony in the French Garden. My plant was one of a group of five 'E. G. Waterhouse', put in behind the French group's 'Gloire de Nantes'.

Lady Mount Edgcumbe planted 'Inspiration' (the planting being her idea!); the Chairman of the Parks Committee planted'Anticipation' (for obvious reasons); the Deputy Lord Mayor chose 'Plymouth Beauty'; the Chairman of the Cornwall County Council a 'J. C. Williams'; Milton Brown (U .S.A.) a 'Little Lavender'; Bill Kemp (for the American and the Middle Georgia Camellia Societies) a row of 'Brigadoon'; and Les Jury (New Zealand) a 'Grand Jury'. Doug Hall (centre) and Bill Kemp 'Grand Jury' was certainly looking (right) were in good/arm. grand for Les! THE CORNWALL CONFERENCE THROUGH FRENCH EYES JEAN LABOREY Paris, France

Our 19 French camelliaphiles received a marvellous welcome. It was, for most of us, a revelation to see the new varieties of camellia in the splendid gardens we visited. The year was an exceptional one, with camellia-budding never having been so good. We enjoyed Jimmy Smart's , with all those which cannot be grown outdoors, while Mrs. Johnstone's and The Trehane gardens, with so many good trials of new ones, were very exciting. Then, to crown this marvellous festival, the so-good Truro Show. Happily, I was assisted by a number of the English-speaking members ­ especially those from the Channel Islands - to facilitate the contact with our French members, and overcome the language barrier. But I am glad we have arranged . simultaneous translation for all information and lectures at the 1977 Congress. We greatly appreciated the car-transport provided by English members, also the opportunity to meet our American friends, as well as the ones who came so far - Mr. and Mrs. Les Jury of New Zealand. We all felt that we were, as ICS members, a truly international organisation, and we hope to further that objective at Nantes.

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12

. -.. ' Admiring Ihe Mac­ farlane garden al Canberra - Margie Marice (Alabama), DOl Urquharl (Virginia), Ferd Becker (Missis­ sippi).

AMERICANS DISCOVER CAMELLIAS IN THE SOUTH SEAS

ERIC CRAIG Warrawee, N.S.W., Australia

Twenty members of the American Camellia Society visited Australia this year between July 31 and August IS. A few of them were already members of the International Camellia Society before they flew across the Pacific to the South Seas, but ALL had joined the rcs before their tour was halfway through. Tour-leaders Milton and Ann Brown of Fort Valley, Georgia, were quick to point out to their companions (who came from States as far apart as Virginia, Louisiana, and California) the "instant benefits" of rcs togetherness - a friendliness that engulfed the Americans from the moment they set foot in Sydney on a sunny mid-winter Saturday.

Within a few hours, they had met and spoken with "the grand old man of camellias" - Professor E. G. Waterhouse, ICS President - at his delightful home, EryIdene, at Gordon. As "Brownie" subsequently wrote: "The Professor was everything and more than what all of you had told us. He is a learned man, a humble man, a delightful personality, and obviously a real friend to everyone who grows camellias, and probably to anyone who had crossed his path in the last 95 years."

Other gardens visited by the Americans on Sydney's North Shore were at the. homes of George and Helen Green (St. Ives); John and Annette Riddle (Pymble); Bowen and Prue Bryant (Wahroonga); Bill and Chip Farram (Wahroonga). Each garden was completely different in composition and feeling, but each illustrated the Australian love of camellias as garden subjects ... " for beauty's sake alone."

13 President of the Australian Camellia Research Society. Mr. Tim Dettmann, was presented with a magnificent sterling-silver salver by Milton Brown on behalf of the Gulf Camellia Society. the Middle Georgia Camellia Society and the American Camellia Society.

"Brownie" requested the ACRS to accept the salver as a symbol of close American-Australian friendship, and suggested that it should be used for an annual Award in connection with Amelican cultivars. A barbecue lunch in the E. G. Waterhouse National Camellia Garden at Miranda; a picnic-box lunch with the Kookaburras (Australia's unique "laughing jackass" birds) at Girrakool National Park; a cruise across the beautiful Harbour; a tour of the magnificent Opera House; and a close-up meeting with Australia's lovable Koalas were some of the added reasons why the visitors found it hard to say good-bye to Sydney. At Canberra, the winter climate was closer to that of Washington D.C., but not nearly as severe. The blooms were scarce. but the visit to Mr. and Mrs. Jim Macfarlane's garden at Griffith was an object-lesson in the use of camellias in the Australian National Capital.

Despite his imminent departure for overseas, Acting Prime Minister Mr. Doug Anthony made time to give a special welcome to the ACS group at Parliament House. Milton Brown took the opportunity to make a presentation from Mrs. Boehm to the Australian people - a lifelike Australian Koala which had been sculptured in the world-famous Boehm porcelain. at the suggestion of the Browns.

Adelaide (South Australia) and (Victoria) were also "well-covered" by the tourists. ACRS members in both cities made a valiant bid to outdo Sydney and Canberra in camellia loveliness, as well as in the pleasurable hospitality that further proved the inestimable value of ICS membership.

"We had a delightful time in New Zealand as well," wrote Brownie later on. "The people there were equally as kind and equally as enthusiastic about camellias as all of you, and as all of us. I can't begin to thank each person individually. So this is our thanks 10 ALL of you for making our trip to the South Seas truly 'once in a lifetime'. "

A. C. R. S. President Tim Dettmann Australia '5 Acting Prime Minister. admires handsome salver presented Mr Doug Anthony (right) expresses hv Milton Brown. Ann Brown delighr wirh rhe Boehm porcelain obviously approves. Koala from America. FLOWER SHOWS IN ENGLAND"

DOUGLAS DEANE HALL Maryland. U.S.A.

During our trip to England last April for the International Camellia Society conference, Martha and I attended two flower shows, one staged by the Cornwall Garden Society at Truro near the conference centre at Falmouth, and the other by the Royal Horticultural Society in London. The Cornwall spring show comprises exhibits of camellias, rhododendrons, bulbous flowers, non-bulbous perennials, ornamentals, and various pot plants and arrangements. World-famous for its Chelsea Show, which is held annually the last week in May, the Royal Horticultural Society also stages several two-day shows at Horticultural Hall in London from spring through autumn for flowers of the various seasons. The mid-April show we attended included camellias, daffodils, amaryllis, Alpine plants and conifers. B?th shows f~sci.nated us. While we spent the bulk of our time among the camelhas (our special mterest), we can understand why the general public is drawn to shows offering s~ch divers\ty. To survey a l~rge hall rampant in color and plant ,,:ar~ety can be qUIte entrancmg as compared with the display of a single genus and a hmlted range of color. In these circumstances, judging the best in show is impossible. Trophies go to winners in each general category determined on point systems, or "sweepstakes" as we call it in America. Within the camellia section there are many first prizes, and the top camellia award goes to the exhibitor with the most firsts. Incidentally, the British designate first with a red ribbon and second with a blue! Now to explain how entries are tabbed and judged. For example, in the Cornwall Show there were 36 camellia classes - 28 for specimen blooms and 8 for sprays. Of the 28 specimen classes, 10 were for japonicas, 10 for williamsii hybrids, 5 for re/icula/as (pronounced reticu-Iate-us), I for non-retic hybrids, I for 6 and I for 12 different varieties of any species. Can you imagine a judge's turmoil in picking the best lot of 12 from several lots containing totally different combinations of 12? Of these 28 classes, only one specified a certain variety, and that was for flowers of the williamsii 'Donation'. Twenty of the 28 classes were based upon the form of the flower (single, semi-double, etc.) and the number of blooms to be entered. In London the Royal Horticultural Society Show proved to be slightly more like American shows for, although it mostly distinguished its classes by flower form, as in Cornwall, it did contain separate classes for a dozen or so of the most popularly grown varieties. In both shows the blooms were apparently laid on a bed of spaghnum moss which covered the entire table. However, they were actually placed in cups sunk in the moss, and therefore, cleverly concealed. Aesthetically, this method of display may have its advantages, but we did not feel it worth the trouble.

While we were impressed by the practice of classifying blooms by form, we felt that the American way of classifying by variety facilitates judging and seems fairer, in that it reduces the chance of size or color exerting undue influence. What pleased us most were two points - the use of sprays in spring shows (which we would like to see adopted in America in future), and the arrangement classes in which all fresh camellia material was used, without any dried or artificial material or accessories of any sort.

• Reprintedfrom Camellia Society of the Potomac Valley Newsletter. April-May, 1976.

15 Les Floralies Internationales de Nantes 1977

Le Comite Horticole de Nantes (France) a deciM I'organisation de FLORALIES INTERNATIONALES qui auront lieu a NANTES, au printemps 1977. Cette decision s'inspire de 1'e'c1atant succ~s obtenu par cette meme manifestation en 1971. Les Floralies de Nantes 1977 qui sont reconnues officiellement par I' Association Internationale des Producteurs de I'Horticulture figurent donc parmi les manifestations de rang international. Elles seront les quatri~mes organisees par Ie Comite Horticole, apr~s celles de 1956-1963 & 1971. Les FloraIies de 1977 auront lieu du 13 au 23 mai, dans Ie cadre du noveau parc des expositions de la ville situl en bordure d'une magnifique rivihe, aenviron 7 kms du centre de Nantes. Le plan de masse de I'exposition en cours p'elaboration montre que une superficie totale de 9.5 ha.

II est ~vident que la participation francaise (individuels - groupements de producteurs - regions horticoles - services de jardins de villes) tiendra la plus grande place, mais une repdsentation ~trangere particulihement fournie est annonc~e donnant aux Floralises de Nantes un prestige reconnu de tous les milieux horticoles francais et etrangers.

Sont d~ja annonces: BELGIQUE ESPAGNE COLOMBIE SUISSE GRANDE BRETAGNE AFRIQUE DU SUD ALLEMAGNE ITALIE COTE D'IVORIE HOLLANDE ALGERIE En dehors de la presentation f10rale qui constitue en elle-mSme un spectacle de haute qualite et d'un caractere educatif pour tous, une animation est assuree par un programme de manifestations artistiques quotidiennee. Le sucd:s des FLORALIES INTERNATIONALES DE NANTES se caracterise par un nombre croissant de visiteurs montrant ainsi I'interet suscite par la Manifestation: 1956 - 280,000 entrees; 1%3 - 325,000 entrees; 1971-420,000 entrees. Les organisateurs des Floralies seraient tres honods de recevoir ~ cette occasion Ie Congres International du Camellia. I1s se tiennent 1lla disposition des responsables pouJ leur facilitar la tache afin de rendre aux congressistes un s~jour particulierement agreable et fructueux.

16 Officers of the Horticultural and Carden Commi((ee, Floralies Internationales de Nantes Paul Plantiveau Eug~ne Masson Andre Rousseau Vice-President President General Secretary

The Horticultural Committee of Nantes (France) has completed arrangements for the INTERNATIONAL FLORALIES to take place at Nantes in the springtime of 1977.

This decision has been inspired by the sensational success of this same exhibition in 1971. The 1977 Floralies of Nantes, which are officially recognised by the International Association Horticultural Producers, therefore rank prominently in the international sphere of exhibitions. This will be the fourth such event to be organised by the Horticultural Committee, following those of 1956, 1963 and 1971.

The 1977 Floralies will be held from 13 to 23 May in a new setting - the City Exposition Park on the banks of a magnificent river, about 7 km from the centre of Nantes. The overall area of the exhibition totals 9.5 hectares.

It is obvious that French participation (individuals, producer groups. horticultural regions, city garden services) will predominate, but a particularly wide foreign representation is announced, confirming the prestige of the Nantes Floralies for both French and foreign horticultural enthusiasts.

Participants already announced are:

BELGIUM SPAIN COLOMBIA SWITZERLAND GREAT BRITAIN SOUTH AFRICA GERMANY ITALY IVORY COAST THE NETHERLANDS ALGERIA

Apart from the floral presentations. which in themselves constitute a high-quality spectacle and an educational event for all, considerable activity is assured by a daily program of artistic presentations.

The success of the International Floralies at Nantes is reflected by the growing number of visitors, demonstrating the interest aroused by the Exhibition:

1956 - 280,000; 1%3 - 325,000; 1971 - 420,000.

The Organisers of Floralies will feel most honoured, on this occasion, to welcome the International Camellia Congress. They place themselves at the disposition of those responsible for the arrangements, in order to simplify their task. and to provide the Congressionists with a particularly enjoyable and fruitful visit.

17 ·Come to the International Camellia Society CONGRESS AT NANTES May 1977

Nantes ... Brittany ... FRANCE! This is the wonderful setting for next year's International Camellia .Congress, to which all members are cordially invited. Incorporation of the Congress within the Floralies has been a masterstroke of planning by French members of the ICS and the Camellia Section of the· Society d'Horticulture de France. The spectacular and beautiful Floralies Internationales is held each year in a different European city. There is strong competition between the twenty participating nations, so it is a great honour for Nantes to be chosen for the FOURTH time. When one considers the prominence that Nantes has always had in French horticulture, and its ISO-years of involvement in camellia breeding, the association of Floralies de Nantes with an ICS Congress presents a unique opportunity for ICS members to meet, to get to know each other better, and to enjoy a wonderful horticultural "togetherness" event. It is true that camellia flowers will have all-but-disappeared, but there have been frequent opportunities for viewing camellia gardens and shows in recent years at other places. The Nantes Congress will enable participants to exchange the latest camellia information from all parts of the world, and also to visit three nearby places of exceptional interest. The information session will be of interest and entertainment to all Congressists. The Congress Hall is a modern auditorium, with facilities for simultaneous language translations. If you require this service in other than French-English, please advise the Comite d'Organisation, ICS Congress Camellia, 3 place de la Petite Hollande, 44008 Nantes, France.

HOW TO BOOK ACCOMMODATION IN NANTES: See the Program Notes for Sunday IS May. Show this to your Travel Agent.

HOW TO BOOK NANTES CONGRESS PARTICIPATION: Ask your Bank for a Bank Cheque in your local currency that will provide 350 French Francs per person upon transmission to Nantes. Send this cheque by 31 January 1977 to your Regional Membership Representative (listed on back cover). AFTER 31 JANUARY 1977, send direct to M. Claude Thoby, Route de Paris, 44470 Carquefou, France. .

AND AFTER NANTES? There is the Chelsea Flower Show in London. . . there is the rest of France. . . the rest of Europe! French ICS Members will be happy to advise and help individual members or groups with their plans to visit other private and public places of interest. , A ..... A BIENTOT! ... 16, 17 18 MAl 1977 ... CONGRES INTERNATIONAL DE NANTES.

18 M. Claude Thoby, ICS Director lor France, with Mme Thoby

PROGRAM:

Sunday 15 May:

We recommend that you arrive no later than this date, spending the night at Nantes. Convenient Hotel Accommodation is available at the Central Hotel. rue du Couedic. The Central is a first-class hotel close to the Congress Auditorium.

Monday 16 May: 9.00 a.m. - Congress Registration 10.00 a.m. - Official Opening of Congress by M. Pierre Schneiter, President of the Societe d'Horticulture de France. 10.30 a.m. - Camellia Information session. 1.00 p.m. - Free Lunch at restaurant "Salle Neptune" in the Congress Hall. 2.00 p.m. - Special Boat along the Loire and Erdre Rivers to Intemational Floralies, guided by French members of the ICS and their wives. The Floralies is a 25-hectare Flower Show, both open-air and covered, to which 20 Nations have contributed displays. Dinner - Own arrangements. You can dine at The Floralies if you wish! Tuesday 17 May: 10.00 a.m. - Camellia Information session. 1.00 p.m. - Free Lunch at "Salle Neptune". 2.00 p.m. - Coach visit to famous camellia Nursery of Claude Thoby, successor to the Guichard Sisters, and ICS MembershIp RepresentatIve for France. M. Thoby's nursery is the largest camellia nursery in Europe. Dinner - Own arrangements.

Wednesday 18 May: 10.00 a.m. - Camellia Information session. 1.00 p.m. - Free Lunch at "Salle Neptune". 2.00 p.m. - Coach tour of Nantes and Public Gardens, of which ICS member Paul Plativeau is Director. Reception at Nantes Town Hall. Evening - Banquet at the historic Chateau de Goulaine, home of the Marquis de Goulaine, acknowledged the finest wine-grower of the region.

'CONGRESS FEE is 350 Francs per person. This covers:

Attendance at the three Camellia Information sessions Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday lunches Transport and admission to the three Afternoon Tours (private cars cannot be admitted) The Wednesday night Banquet.

NOTE CAREFULLY that Accommodation arrangements and Evening Dinner arrangements except for Wednesday Banquet are your own responsibility.

19 Jean Heurtin, originator of IVILLE DE NANTES'

We refer our readers to an article published in the Southern California Camellia Society's Camellia Review of March 1976, and written by Dr Jean Creze of Angers, France. Dr Creze, an avid camelliophile, is Jean Heurtin's great-grandson, and is looking forward to meeting ICS members at the Nantes Congress in May 1977.

JEAN HEURTIN, born near Nantes in 1825, was orphaned in 1835, and first learnt about gardening from an uncle. For some years he worked as a gardener for others, but finally settled in the Nantes area in 1858 to work on his own account.

He joined the Nantes Horticultural Society in 1869, and won numerous awards. He did not specialise, but being a horticulturist of Nantes, he was naturally interested in camellias. Nantes is said to be the first city in France where camellias were cultivated as early as 1806, and by 1857 some 200 varieties were grown there.

HEURTIN was successful in raising a number of seedlings, and in 1874 he exhibited at the Nantes Horticultural Society one with white flowers which he named 'JUSTINE HEURTIN' for his wife. Five years later, in 1879, he exhibited 'BEAUTt: DE NANTES'.

But it was in 1897, during the visit of the President of the French Republic, that he exhibited his 'VILLE DE NANTES', now famous in all countries where camellias are grown.

JEAN HEURTIN died in 1917 at the age of 92. It is to be noted that the foregoing information enables revision of the dates given in Camellia Nomenclature, and also gives the correct spelling of the name HEURTIN.

Jean and Justine Heurtin had seven children. Their youngest daughter, Pauline, attained the wonderful age of 100 years in September 1975, and died this year (1976) on3July.

Jean HEURTIN (1825-1917) and his wife Justine photograhed at Nantes in 1907. What Camellia would you choose for the Emperor of Japan? Not long after the mid-1976 visit of Australia's Prime Minister (Mr Malcolm Fraser) to Japan, a widely-renowned Sydney camellia nursery received a telephone cal1 from the Office of the Prime Minister in Canberra. Could the Nursery air-express to the Emperor of Japan 24 bare-rooted plants of a particular Australian camellia? Yes, it could. And within 36 hours, the 24 plants had safely arrived in Tokyo.

It is wel1-known that Mr and Mrs Fraser are camellia enthusiasts. On the first day of their official Japanese visit, they were received in audience by the Emperor and Empress, subsequent to which there was an Imperial Luncheon. During lunch, Mrs Fraser mentioned an Australian camel1ia to the Emperor, whose knowledge of the genus is considerable. The variety in which he expressed particular interest was 'BRUSHFIELD'S YELLOW: His Imperial Highness, in acknowledging the gift, advised Mr Fraser that 'Brushfield's Yellow' should flourish in Japan. Special precautions were taken upon their arrival in Tokyo to protect them from the climatic shock of a transfer from mid-winter in Australia to the very hot and humid mid-summer of Japan. InitiallY, the plants have been tended in a well-shaded and comparatively cool part of the Imperial Gardens. In late autumn, the 24 plants will be divided into three sets - one for the public section of the Imperial Garden, one for the Emperor's private garden, and a third bevy of 'Brushfield's Yellow' for his country residence.

How sad that its originator, the late Keith Brushfield, one of Australia's best-loved camel1ia men, had died little more than a year before this signal honour!

It is pleasing to note that Mr and Mrs Fraser have recently planted new camellias in the grounds of the Prime Minister's Lodge at Canberra. E· C . - nc raIg lOaaaaa~aaaa=aaaaaaaaDoaDaaaaaaaaaaaaaacaaaaaaaaaDDDaaaaaD A new Camellia Book f~?in Japan: VOSHU TSUBAKI MEIKAN (Overseas Camellias) 208 pages and 200 colour-plates. Published March 1976 in Tokyo by Bunka-Shup 'pan-Kyoku. Price 3500 yen. ,.' -:,' ,the author, KIYOSHI TARUMOTO, was born in Kobe 1939, and has been interested in Camellias for the last fifteen years. He is a leading member of the Kobe Camellia Society, working in close association with its President YOSHIAKI ANDOH, who is also a Vice President of the International Camellia Society. The text is entirely in Japanese, but the names of overseas camellias are given in rornaji. A foreward is written by EIKICHI SATOMI. . A detailed description is given of all the newer camellias originated in America, Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom, as well as some of the Chinese reticulatas. The names and addresses of the main Camellia Societies of the world will prove most'useful to the rapidly-growing number of camellia lovers in Japan.

21 TSUKASA KIYONO .

MAN OF MEIJI* MARYKIYONO Tokyo, Japan Father often used to say that he had been born 50 years too soon - that those of my generation could plan to travel to other planets, and see a world he had never dreamed of. But I disagreed with him. It was his generation of men and women who emigrated to foreign lands, and opened up new frontiers for a country just emerging from centuries of seclusion. At the age of 19, he set sail for America, and even as he spoke about it 70 years later, he would grow excited at the memory of the dreams and expectations which filled him at that time. After concentrating on learning the language, he decided that rather than studying, as had been his original purpose (stimulated by his father and elder brother, both of whom were eminent scholars) he would pursue ; which had become his consuming interest since following the gardeners around his father's estate as a boy. After a decade spent in raising and losing satsuma oranges to freezing weather and disease in Texas and Alabama, he turned to other plants. It was after the end of World War I that he began to successfully apply Henry Ford's idea of making "the exclusive" available for everyone. After many trials and failures, he discovered how to propagate camellias and azaleas by hundreds of thousands, and by 1939, he was the largest producer of these plants in the world. When I was a girl, the golden rod was tbe State Flower of Alabama. Now, it is the camellia. The Deep South of America today is a showcase of these blooms which originally came from the Orient, and I believe that my father was in a large way responsible. The summers in Mobile are very long and hot, and therefore, every vacation would find us on the road to new places and new countries. These three-month-long trips were not only to get away from the heat and for pleasure, but also opportunities for father to discover new plants. We travelled throughout most of the United States, made two voyages to Japan and one to Europe before I was 12. As I grew older, I was always struck by the way my father would spot plants and weeds that grew in a certain place, and remark on the type of climate that would support such growth. In this way, every place we went became closer· to us as the similarities connected them to familiar sites. People often remarked on how young my father looked. I beiieveth~t it was his enthusiasm about the things that interested him that kept him young. . He had an almost reverent regard for life. I cad remember him wateri!J.g the azaleas around our house during the hot summer evenings in the South. "They arc;: thirsty too," he would say. Many years later, I would hear him say, "They are all fighting to live too," about the insects that liked to gather on his bonsai at our Tokyo home. He could not bear to see a plant neglected, and I feel that he imparted this feeling to many of the young people who worked for him and later visited him for advice. One of my most poignant memories of father is of the time I went to waken hini from a nap when we were on our last trip to Europe. We were going to the Vienna opera that night and as I shook him, he woke and said, "Oh, I dreamed I was a young man just starting out in my business", and there was such joy and longing in his voice that it brought tears to my eyes. He was then 83 years old.

22 Our last trip together was in the fall of 1974 to the United States to see. my sister who lives in Indiana. It was an exceptionally brilliant fall and the colours were beautiful. As we flew back to the West Coast, we passed over Pikes Peak, just dusted with the first snow, and he reminded me of the time we had spent there when I was ~x. .

One of our last stops was the and Gardens at San Marino, California, which he had particularly wanted to see. Bill and Ruth Goertz had kindly arranged admission for us, as it was closed at the time. As a young man, father had visited the gardens, and he was anxious to see how the plants had grown in the intervening years. . For the past few years, our garden in Tokyo had become a showplace of the camellias which father had .gathered from around the world, especially of the comparatively new varieties from Australia and New Zealand which had caught his fancy on his trip there ten years before. The morning of the dayhe died, he planted some cuttings from the pyracantha bush near our gate. Although it was mid-December, many of those cuttings are now rooted. He was just three months short of his 88th birthday, but father had lived a long, full, rich life, for which we can only be grateful.

·"MEIJI" is the era prior to that of the pres.::nt Emperor of Japan. Tsukasa Kiyono died on 19th December, 1975. He was one of the foundation members of the Japan Camellia Society. His daughter Mary visited Australia for the International Camellia Congress of 1973 at her father's special request, as he himself was not well enough to travel, and she renewed the many friendships which Mr Kiyono had formed. .

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23 AROUND THE WORLD VIA "BOTANies"

ROBERT GIMSON Pontevedra, Spain

Starting from Genoa 1 August 1975 on the Lloyd Triestino 'Marconi' we called at Naples, Messina and Malaga and then at Santa Cruz de Tenerife in the Canary Islands. The friend who was to meet me there was ill, so I bargained with several taxi drivers about the return fare to visit the Orotava Botanic Gardens, about 30 km away. The gardens were founded at the end of the 18th century "for the seeds and plants sent from America and Asia, the experiments made in the Royal Gardens at Aranjuez and Madrid having proved unsuccessful owing to the rigours of the winter. The Gardens were therefore founded with the idea of acclimatizing the new and useful plants that were being discovered by the Spanish conquerors and navigators in the New World and in their frequent voyages and explorations." Each specimen is numbered, and there is an excellent guide book which gives the botanic and common names corresponding to these numbers and some of their history. The growth of these in nearly 200 years provides beautiful shady surroundings. We had eight' fairly choppy days from Tenerife to Cape Town, where I went straight to the National Botanic Gardens of South Africa at Kirstenbosch, which is at the foot of Table Mountain with a lovely view over Cape Town to the sea. I had a talk with Mr Hanna, the Superintendent, about the South African Proteaceae, some of which I have growing in my garden in north-west Spain. He told me that they planted out the proteas fairly close together as some died, which was a consolation to me, as some of mine collapse and die for no apparent reason. At dusk I took a bus back to Cape Town and passed through the suburbs which I had last visited in 1942. Another eight days to Fremantle where I was met by Mr Ian Heuges, the Parks Superintendent, who trained under Mr Charles Puddle at Bodnant. He drove me to King's Park, which has one of the most beautiful settings I have ever seen, and I spent the morning there with Dr Paul Wytchley, the Director. I saw the lovely drifts of native spring annuals, the eucalyptus, acacias and fine specimens of Banksia grandis which is a native of King's Park. In my garden in Spain I have a large area planted with Australian natives grown from seed, but I have never succeeded in germinating verticordias, so I was interested to see. these growing there. King's Park issues some good brochures, and is not restricted to Australian plants. There are areas devoted to the wildflowers of South Africa, Califomiaand Southern Europe. In the latter I saw cistus, Spartium junceum and Erica arborea which grow wild near my home. Smooth sailing across the Great Australian Bight to Melbourne, where Mr and Mrs Alex Jessep were waiting (at 8 a.m.) to meet me at the dockside. We drove to the Royal Botanic Garden, where I met Dr David Churchill who was writing his annual report, so we did not distract him for long. Going round with Mr Jessep was most interesting, as, having been Superintendent there for many years, he told me so much of the history of the plantings. I was interested to see a plant of Camellia japonica 'Henri Favre', as this old cuItivar is described in Berlese's Monographie, and the original plant of 'The Czar'. After lunch Mr and Mrs Jessep took me to Camellia Lodge Nursery where I met Mr Neville McMinn and saw the large number of cuItivars which he grows. I was interested to see many of the new reticulatacrosses, and noticed a fine hedge of C. sasanqua along the roadside (not in flower, of course). I spent an enjoyable evening at Mr and Mrs Jessep's home and saw the camellias, roses, etc. in his garden.

24 Early in the morning on 4 September we sailed into Sydney Harbour and I saw the Opera House and the bridge for the first time. Eric Craig, whom I had not met before, had cabled that he would meet me, and when I landed I introduced myself to a gentleman with two large camellia flowers and was right first time. He took me to his office and helped me book on the afternoon bus to Canberra, where my married daughter, Anne, lives. My wife was already there as she had travelled westwards by air and stayed in the Canadian Rockies, and in Vancouver with friends. The family were at the Canberra Bus Terminal to meet me, and I saw a new (sleeping) grandson for the first time. ;,

We had six weeks in Australia and spent half of this time in Canberra, where I spent many happy hours in the Botanies, devoted entirely to Australian natives and well laid out and labelled. During the rest of the time we went to Brisbane, Cairns, the Atherton tableland, Green Island, then to the south of Melbourne (where we stayed with two cousins), and Sydney. We travelled by train, bus and hire car, and we found the variety of scenery most interesting: the flat country of Queensland dotted with eucalyptus and cattle; sugar cane plantations; small towns and the green fields and apple of Tasmania with the mountains behind. The leisurely progress and lack of time-keeping of the Queensland trains was exasperating in some ways, but some of the unscheduled stops between stations were near groups of grevilleas, banksias and other fine plants.

We were due to sail from Sydney on 8 October, so we left Canberra on the 4th and drove in a hire car to Mount Wilson, where Mr and Mrs Jim Fisher kindly gave us lunch. Afterwards we went across the road, and Dr Peter Valder took us round his parents' garden. From there we drove to Sydney where we had only a <:lay and a half, which was not enough. The day before we left we took the local train to St. Ives where Mr Peter Campbell met us, and drove us to Camellia Grove Nursery, where we admired his healthy plants, all neatly arranged. He drove us to have tea with Professor E. G. Waterhouse at Gordon. Of course, we went round his garden-and. saw the many fine camellias. I was particularly interested in a large specimen of C. reticulata f. simplex with pink petals flushed deeper pink towards the margins; this is different from the form in Europe. Professor Waterhouse invited us to go with him to the annual meeting of the N.S.W. Foundation Branch of the Australian Camellia Research Society. I was somewhat taken aback when the President announced that they had a visiting speaker from Spain; being dressed in a sports shirt and travel-worn trousers; not at all as a visiting speaker should be.

We were sorry to take our leave of our daughter, her husband and the grandchildren, and of our friends, old and new. In addition to the native flora, I had admired many fine camellias, and I was especially interested in the Australian cultivars, most of which I had not seen before. In Queensland the only camellias I saw were a recent planting of C. japonica and C. sasanqua cultivars in the Brisbane Botanies, whereas I had expected to see large specimens of C. reticulata as it has a summer rainfall like south-eastern China, and is farther from the Equator than Canton, whence Captain Rawes took the first specimen to England in 1820.

From Sydney my wife and I travelled eastwards on another Lloyd Triestino liner, the 'Galileo'. Our first port of call was Auckland where we were met by a friend of my wife, who drove us to the lovely Eden Gardens, among other places.. From Auckland to Suva and then Tahiti; on the tourist maps of both Suva and Papeete botanic gardens are shown, but both are only public gardens, as the plants are not labelled. It took eight days from Papeete to Acapulco, situated in a lovely bay with mountains behind, and another three days to the Pacific entrance to the Panama Canal. Having seen the unattractive country along the Suez Canal in the 1939-45 War, I was not prepared for the beauty of the Panama Canal with its large lakes, narrow (Continued page 59) 25 INTERNATIONAL LETTERBOX

Extracts from letters received by Executive Members of the ICS: From Mrs Mildred Blandy, Madeira, Portugal: I hope that some of the ICS members will visit this small but enchanting island. It is very much the home of camellias. . . the acid soil, the generous rainfall make it an ideal setting. I have many thousands growing in my garden, and I also use them to form avenues - all types, from sasanqua to reticulata. As I write, I have a huge bowl of 'Elsie Jury' in front of me. * * * * From Yoshiaki Andoh, Kobe, Japan: I am pleased to report that the Directors of the Nihon Camellia Society have joined the ICS. They are Tsuneo Nakamura, Totsuro Nakamura, Hiroshi Terada and Mrs Michiko Kato. * * * From Alex Jessep, Victoria, Australia: May I comment on two matters mentioned in the 1975 Journaf! I do so for information purposes, and not in a critical sense: On page 18, it was suggested that at Caerhays Castle there were some C. williamsii about 60 years old. C. saluenensis seeds did not arrive in Europe until 1928. They were planted at Caerhays Castle by Mr Williams, and he and Colonel Clark started to cross saluenensis with japonicas almost as soon as the saluenensis flowered in 1930. Selections from the early progeny at Caerhays were made in the late 30's, and when we visited there and were shown these hybrids in 1950, the oldest was said to be about 12 years old. So the original williamsii would be about 40 years old,being those at Caerhays where Mr Williams did his hybridising. . On page 63, the New Zealand listing of Hybrids with No Reticulata Parentage includes 'Leonard Messel', but this is in fact a hybrid between reticulata 'Wild Form' and williamsii 'Mary Christian',being named in 1958 by Mrs Messel (now The Countess Rosse of Sussex). Matt Matthews and I saw it at Wisley Gardens in 1960, and when I saw it again in 1972 the original plant was about 3.5 metres high. Several plants propagated from it were growing close together, and they made a spectacular sight. * * * * From Jan van Bergen, Alkantrant, South Africa: I must say that the 1975 Journal had more information for me than earlier issues, and the article about "Camellias looking good in New Zealand" was very helpful for us. The better varieties are not yet available in southern Africa, although camellias have been grown here for many years, especially in regions with humid climate, where the old formal doubles flower quite well. In the interior of the country, however, we have summer rainfall, but very dry winters and spring. This means that the formal doubles often drop their buds, because the outer petals dry out before the bud can open. We will therefore have to try and locate the varieties that are best for our particular climate.

26 CALIFORNIAN WINNERS 1975-76

WILLARD F. GOERTZ San Marino, California, U.S.A.

Many camellia hobbyists, especially those newer ones who are building a collection, are interested in the "most popular" or "most wanted" cultivars. Often camellia people are asked to name their favourite - or ten most desired camellias ­ so the following may be of interest to many, although a list showing most popular cultivars desired in the garden would probably look entirely different. This is a compilation of those japonicas (according to size), reticulata hybrids and non-reticulata hybrids which were voted tops at twelve camellia shows in California. from December 1975 through March 1976.

Usually the difference in excellence between the winner and the runner-up is so minimal that we are combining the points for the first and second-best, and list the leading varieties as follows:

Large Japonica: A 3-way tie between 'Easter Mom', 'Kramer's Supreme' and 'Tomorrow Park Hill'. We note that 'Elegans Supreme' was best in three shows, but the others had more seconds.

Medium Japonica: 'Margaret Davis' had the highest total, with 'Betty Sheffield Supreme' and 'Kona' following. Small Japonica: 'Ave Maria' won by a large margin, with 'Sam Barranca' next.

Miniature Japonica: The winner was 'Little Slam'. 'Petite Miss' was a close second.

Reticulata Hybrid: 'Nuccio's Ruby' led the parade, followed by 'Howard Asper'.

Non-Reticulata Hybrid: 'Elsie Jury', which seems to be on our show trophy tables every year, was in front again. Tied for second were 'Angel Wings' and 'E. G. Waterhouse' . Among other varieties very much in contention were 'Elegans Splendor', 'Adolphe Audusson Special', 'Eleanor Martin Supreme', 'Nuccio's Gem', 'Kitty', 'Pink Smoke', 'Pharaoh', 'Arch of Triumph', 'Waltz Time Variegated', 'Waterlily' and 'Charlean'.

WANTED! Do you have a spare copy of Issue NO.1? The Society's official records, now in the care of Honorary Secretary, Mr Roger Gray, do not include a copy of the International Camellia Journal issue No. I.

It would be greatly appreciated if any member holding a spare copy of that issue could forward it to Mr Gray at 9 Hanover Street, Epping North, N.S. W. 2121 Australia.

27 Some people come all the way to Australia

just to visit CAMELLIA GROVE one of the world's great nurseries.

Mona Vale Road, St. Ives, N.S.W.2075.

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THE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA CAMELLIA SOCIETY'S 1976 AWARDS OF MERIT The Southern California Camellia Society has announced the following Awards of Merit for 1976: The Margarete Hertrich A ward - Outstanding Japonica:

'CORONATION' McCaskill Nursery

The Dr John Taylor A ward ­ Outstanding Non-Reticulata H.vbrid:

'FREEDOM BELL' Nuccio's Nursery

The William E. Wylam A ward - Outstanding Small or Miniature Camellia:

'AVE MARIE' Caesar Breschini

The Frank L. Storment A ward - Outstanding Reticulata H.vbrid:

'ROYALTY' T. E. Crosson ICS Director Willard Goertz reports that whereas the SCCS Awards have been governed by a time-limit previously, the rules were recently changed to read "regardless of the date it was introduced". "This explains the 1976 Award to an older variety of japonica", writes Mr Goertz... 'Coronation' was overlooked for years, but it is certainly a great white camellia!"

28 R.S. v.P. DEVON!

DR JAMES SMART Barnstaple, Devon, England

So, the Editor wants an article! Perhaps, instead he will allow me to pose some questions to which I should value an answer from those more successful than myself in raising new camellias.

On return from a visit to the United States some years ago, I started with considerable enthusiasm and dedication to cross what I hoped would be suitable pollen and seed parents. I studied ploidity, and made lists of diploids, triploids, tetraploids, etc. All my crosses were made under conditions, and labels hung everywhere. These were the only things that did hang, as the results were virtually nil and there was practically no seed-set on any of my 200 plants in the greenhouse, either those that had been crossed or those that I had hoped might have had open-pollinated seed.

The following year I tried again, but this time I raised the temperature of the house with an oil-fired greenhouse heater to about 60 degrees Fahrenheit (15°C) by day. Again no results although many of the plants were known to be good seed parents. Finally I thought I would test my own technique of cross-pollination, and put a beehive in the greenhouse for the winter. Although somewhat hazardous for the casual visitor, this was a success, inasmuch as at flowering time, every bloom had 3 or 4 bees on it at a time. I did no crossing myself that year but left it to the bees, but they were just as unsuccessful as I had been and practically no seed pods were produced.

I then gave up as I felt that if nature was unable to do it, who was I to presume to attempt it!

As the plants were all healthy and produced good growth and show-quality blooms, I felt that this failure could not be attributable to faulty feeding or watering techniques, and could only be associated with temperature at the time of flowering. The greenhouse is 72 ft x 34 ft by 14 ft tall, so to keep the whole house at, say, 70 degrees F. (21°C) would involve prohibitive expense in this day and age. I therefore tried various methods of producing a micro-climate for the individual bloom. To this end I enclosed a small branch in a polythene bag, and put a low-wattage bulb in with it. This was too difficult to control, and resulted in scorching both foliage and flower in most instances. This year, following on an article by Tom Savige and information from Bill Ackerman that the temperature should be kept up to 70°F for some hours before and after crossing, I decided to concentrate on three seed-parents only, and to keep up the temperature around the whole of each bush. Four metal posts were put around each bush, and the sides and top covered with heavy-gauge polythene, leaving the front hinged and laced to the post, so as to get easy access for crossing the flowers. Four electric light leads were led into this, 3;ntl two infra-red bulbs were attached to the top and two at the bottom of the resultlP:' shelter. By taking out or adding bulbs, one was able to keep the temperature reasonably constant, whatever the outside weather. Two of the plants did not set any seed, and maybe they are not good seed-parents anyway; these were 'Hassai' and 'Scentsation'. However the third bush, at the time of 29 writing (lst June, 1976), got quite a reasonable number of apparently set seed-pods on blooms that I have emasculated, and then applied selected pollen on 2 or 3 successive days. How many of them will subsequently prove to be 'false pregnancies' I have yet to discover, but after my previous experiences I am rapidly developing an inferiority complex and shall believe the seed when I see it! Next year I shall do the same as this, but shall keep the heat on day and night, whereas this year I turned it on at 0900, did my crossing at midday, and then turned it off at 1700. I shall much appreciate any advice that those who have experienced difficulties in seed-setting, and have overcome it, can hand on to me. Many, I am sure, will not understand the problem, because they live in an area where every bush out of doors is over-burdened with seed (I should mention that I grow a fairly large number of camellias outside, and these do not set seed either). Is this a problem of temperature or is there another factor? In this part of the United Kingdom, we do not get very severe frosts at flowering time, but equally (as a rule) we do not get much hot weather at this time of year; we have a high rainfall (except this year) and the atmosphere tends to be damp. If it is a temperature problem, many will suggest putting the seed parents into a small greenhouse or part of a greenhouse where the temperature can be raised without undue expense; however, in order to save work, I grow all my plants in the open ground in the greenhouse, so am unable to use this method. I hope, Mr Editor, that this tale of woe and lack of success may at least serve to stimulate some consideration and discussion of a problem which affects a lot of people in this country...... tJI7 IUI7 .. U R , a U"&P02 ­ No garden visit is complete without HILLIER'S MANUAL OF TREES & it Ie SHRUBS

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30 The bridge from Gamagori across Mikawa Bay 10 Takeshima Island. MIKAWA CAMELLIA COUNTRY DR TOSHIRO UEDA Koda, Aichi, Japan

From ancient times, the district of Mikawa had been one of the most rewarding territories for autogenous camellias. But in recent years, many big camellia trees have been cut down, one after the other, owing to the development of the district. Thus, they are on the verge of extinction. Fortunately, the following imposing vestiges remain: I. Big camellias on Takeshima Island 2. A gigantic camellia in Otsuke-Sagara 3. Wild camellias on Mt Tobone 4. Camellia garden in Honko-ji Temple We refer to the above areas under the general name of "Mikawa Camellia Country".

In addition, there survive characteristic old horticultural vanetIes around this district. For example, large trees of 'Kujaku-tsubaki' ("Peacock Camellia"), 'Mikawa Unryu', 'Mikawa Sukiya' (Wabisuke), 'Ichiko Wabisuke', and 'Mikawa Yuriba'. All of these are called Mikawa Camellias. I. Takeshima (The whole island is a national monument) South Chita, Gamagori and Atsumi Peninsula, all of which face Mikawa Bay, were proclaimed "Mikawa Bay National Park" in 1958. Gamagori is the centre of these sightseeing places, and Takeshima is the symbol of this beauty.

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32 Takeshima is situated at 137° 14' east longitude and 34° 51' north latitude, nearly in the centre of Japan. Under the influence of The Japanese Ocean Current, its annual average temperature is 15°C. Situated picturesquely over 400 metres from the calm beachcombers, it is 680 metres in circumference and has an area of 18,800 square metres. The whole of this island is covered with primeval forest. About 200 kinds of temperate climate plants grow densely, and their peaceful shadow is reflected in the sapphire sea. As the whole of this island is in the precincts of Yatomi shrine, native vegetation is well preserved, and shows a rare contrast to the plants on the opposite shore. Accordingly, they were proclaimed 'natural monuments' in 1930 by the Ministry of Education.

Camellias grow larger on this island. There are about 150 camellias from 100 to 400 years old, measuring from 4 to 15 metres high, and from 0.3 to 2.0 metres in circumference.

2. Gigantic camellia in Otsuka - Sagara 2.60 metres in circumference from 1 metre at ground level. There are quite a lot of big trees in this neigbourhood.

3. Gregariousness of wild camellias on Mt Tobone Growing along the drive-way of Mikawa Bay Skyline, they present a beautiful sight in the cherry blossom season.

4. Camellia Garden in Honko-ji Having floriferous wild camellias with pretty small red flowers, we plant many horticultural camellias amongst them now.

Mr Nakamura with arms part-way around trunk of huge wild camellia.

A section of the Honko-); Temple garden in Kohda-choh. 44 FOR BREAKFAST

MARY DAVIS Fivedock. N.S.w., Australia

To walk beneath the canopy oj lovely white dogwoods, Comus florida Alba, on a moonlight spring night is a special pleasure.

Sounds formidable, doesn't it? But not to Betty Kemp, wife of Bill Kemp, Immediate Past President of the American Camellia Society, for that is exactly what Betty planned and did for the happy band of Australians travelling tlfrough Goldsboro, North Carolina, on "Project Pensacola" in January, 1975. The meal was a memorable one, as was an exploratory trip through their garden with Bill as guide. He did his best to answer our many questions, but freely admitted that it was "Betty's garden". We had already visited many lovely gardens both large and small, but the Kemp garden was especially pleasing to me, for it is what I call a "balanced" garden. Betty at one time had an ambition to become a landscape gardener, but, in her own words, "operates as a garden yard-boy". This statement is only partly true, for she has leamed to arrange not only her camellia plants and their blooms, but also the accompaniments to full advantage. More than forty years ago, the Kemps purchased approximately four acres, part of a former golf course, on the outskirts of Goldsboro. The land supported huge old Loblolly pines - Pinus taeda - some 40 metres tall. To quote Betty, "the woodland had been neglected for years, and was full of vines and briars. It had been a city dump for brickbats, broken glass, cement, tin cans and other waste materials. At first we grew boy scouts - dozens of them, for they passed their tests in the woods." No one visiting the Kemp garden today would ever guess its origin, for it has been completely transformed, and although the garden was "asleep" for winter when we visited, it still provided a fascinating experience. Buds on the many camellias were tightly furled as a protection against the sudden freezing temperatures which can overtake them, but safe inside the heated greenhouse were many beautiful blooms, including 'Funny Face Betty', which absolutely delighted us. The greenhouse is used not only for camellias. Delicate varieties of begonias, subsequently displayed on the terrace in summer, soft ferns and hanging baskets spend the winter· within its protection. Early Forsythia and Cydonia are forced in its warmth for indoor decoration, and the lovely blue Plumbago, later to be used with roses, is kept safe during the cold winter. Betty says, "One never knows about the weather. One winter every bud was killed by a bad freeze following an unusually hot spell. We look upon giberellic acid as a sort of fertilizer, which not only increases the size but brings many varieties into early bloom. We begin gibbing in August for early blooms of "Spring Sonnet', 'Lady Clare', 'Oniji', 'Adolphe Audusson', 'Flame', 'Berenice Boddy' and many whites. Gib is used in the greenhouse during the very cold weather, for it is wonderful to have some Jovel:- big blooms soon after Christmas."

34 The continuous pine needle mulch, whilst asslstmg the camellias, azaleas and rhododendrons, makes the soil acidic, but this has not restricted the variety of plant material to any great extent, except for the wildflowers which Betty tries to grow on a back path to the greenhouse, so that young children will grow up knowing their own native wildlings. Planted in groups, they include Lady Slipper Orchids, cypripedium, Trillium (wood lilies), white, purple and yellow; wild red Columbine; Jack-in-the-Pulpit; and Hepatica which Betty especially loves, but they are hard to maintain in the acid soil, and have to be replaced. The Dogwoods, Hollies, Kalmias and Mahonias (Oregon holly), all native to North America, have been mixed with Fatsias, Pieris (formerly Andromeda), Ardisias, Aucuba, and Nandinas. These are interspersed with massed Azaleas, Rhododendrons and Camellias to create compositions of colour, texture and foliage contrast. White, so lovely in the moonlight, and pale pink are important colours in the dark green woods. Betty has grouped her colours, restricting yellow flowers to certain sections, and in one such area are large groups of Mahonia, various varieties of Forsythia, together with daffodils and yellow pansies. In another part of the garden, fifteen to twenty 'Magnoliiflora' camellias have grown very tall, and when in bloom are like a wall of pink porcelain. Not far away, a group of twenty 'Ville de Nantes' honour the beloved David Strother - "for they were his favourites" - and Betty uses them with pleasure for decorative arrangements. Both he and Betty shared the enjoyment of small blossoms like 'My Darling' and 'Oranda-gasa'. Many fine camellias named for friends have been planted, but old less-vigorous camellias are being replaced with new cultivars. Amongst the "antiques" Betty still loves are 'Lady Hume's Blush' and English 'Peach Blossom'.

The garden attracts many visitors, particularly in Spring. April is the most spectacular, with Wisteria, carefully trained and tied to pine trunks, bursting into cascades of lavender bloom, along with the white dogwoods, pink Japanese cherries, and the misty green of weeping willows coming into leaf. White tulips, long since preceded by snowdrops, crocus, chionodox, grape hyacinths, and wood hyacinths, (large scilias bloom with the azaleas) all give pleasure. Betty once received a thank-you letter from a blind visitor who wrote saying he could still see the lovely white dogwoods and white tulips.

The Mother and Child, found by the Kemps in Boston, has become the focal A pine needle path between the textured point of the sunken circular garden; a bark trunks of Loblolly pines. setting for family weddings. I"THE WORSTDROUGHTFOR250YEARSII[

International Camellia Society members throughout the world' have been saddened by the distressing drought that caused heavy horticultural losses in western Europe and the United Kingdom earlier this year. ICS DIrector Mrs Violet Lort-Phillips wrote to Hon. Secretary Roger Gray: "We in the Channel Islands are suffering the worst drought known to western Europe for 250 years. Your continent knows all about droughts, and has suffered much, so perhaps you are better prepared than we were. In fact, we are bewildered. "Suffice to say that those beautiful green islands are a sorry sight. The cattle are suffering, and the horticultural scene is disastrous. After our rainwater reserve was exhausted, we were able to buy treated effluent from the sewerage farm. I don't know the analysis, or what the effect will be?" . Australian Answer: We understand that Miss Gillian Carlyon of Tregrehan, England, uses treated effluent in her garden at all times', and that the results are excellent. "I am astonished at the resistance of our camellias, but some of my precious Japanese Snows from Niigata Province are dead, and there is some dieback with other varieties. "

Australian Comment: It would not be the glomerella form of dieback, but "dying from thirst". "Can you advise when we should cut back, and if we should consign defoliated or brown-leaved plants to the rubbish-heap? Is there any chance they might get new growth?" A!1stralian Answer: This circumstance requires cutting right back into good wood, as the dried-out material will not revive. Cut up all dead twigs and leaves, and use as garden mulch, preferably mixed with decayed grass, straw or peatmoss. Mulching conserves any ground moisture and keeps roots cool. Other water-saving methods used in Australia are: a. Shape and maintain a saucer-type depression in the ground around the plant. b. Sink an agricultural drainage pipe about 25 cm into the ground alongside plant; fill with water whenever possible. Small clay flower-pots may be used in the same way to eke out your water supply. caaaaacaacaaaaaaaacaaaaocaccaaaacaaDacacaaaaccaaccacaacccca

36 'Chiri­ tsubaki'

THE FLUTTERING CAMELLIA OF KYOTO JOHN ALPEN Cheltenham, N.S.W., Australia

Dr Haruya Shimada, President of the Kyoto Garden Club, takes great pride in taking visiting Camellians to inspect the ancient Camellia plantings of his city. One of the best known of these venerable and historic camellia trees is 'Chiri-tsubaki', at the Kitano Shrine. Kitano is more widely and affectionately known as "Tsubaki-Dera" ­ in other words "The Camellia Temple".

The Master of Tsubaki-Dera, Shoogen Kasawara, is a close and long standing friend of Dr Shimada. He too has an abiding pride in the Camellias within the precincts of his Shrine and he has a profound knowledge of their history. The charming story of 'Chiri-tsubaki' has been recorded in a writing, copies of which are given by Shoogen Kasawara to those who are privileged in being taken within this hallowed area.

The writing explains that this particular camellia plant was once growing at a castle in Korea. In 1592, a Japanese army invaded Korea, and the commander, General Kiyomasa Kato, had the plant lifted. He brought it back to the Japanese Shogun, Hideyoshi Toyotomi. We are told that Hideyoshi was the most popular of all the Shoguns and that he was very fond of cha-no-yu, the traditional tea ceremony. He held grand tea ceremonies at Kitano, and the camellia from Korea was planted at this temple when it was selected to be a tea ceremony shrine.

The story goes on. "This camellia is estimated to be around 400 years old. The blossoms usually start to bloom towards the end of March and stay in full bloom during April. The flowers are double and in different colours: white, crimson, pink, white-spotted, crimson, etc. This camellia is known as 'Chiri-tsubaki' or the fluttering camellia, because the petals f1utler down like cherry blossoms. This is unusual, because camellia flowers usually fall while still entire and stay in a lump on the ground.

"Many noted writers, poets and painters have appreciated this tree from ancient days, and a number of fine works on the theme of this camellia have been created in paintings, tanka Ol-syllabled ode) and haiku (l7-syllabled verse). Among others, 'Chiri-tsubaki', a masterpiece painted in 1927 by Gyoshu Hayami, a member of the Japanese Academy of Art, is most well-known.

Statistics: Height 15 feet Girth 4.5 feet Circumference of branches 92 feet." (Continued page 45)

37 The Story of 'TAROKAJA' and 'URAKU'

with a Description and Comment by by ROBERT GIMSON DR TAKASI TUYAMA Pontevedra, Spain Professor Emeritus of , Ochanomizu University, Tokyo The north-west coast of Spain is indented by deep bays into which flow the many rivers of this rainy region. One of these rivers, the Umia, runs through the rich Salnes valley, which is overlooked by many small manor houses. In the spring of 1972 my wife and I were invited by D. RamJn Salgado and his wife, Maria Antonia, to visit them at their house, La Moroza (the Small Stones), where they were spending a weekend away from their flat in Vigo. D. Ramon inherited the property from his father, who had also been a lawyer and before the Spanish Civil War a member of Parliament. In front of the house is a magnificent old cedar, planted perhaps about the same time as the house was built 250-300 years ago. D. Ram6n's mother, Dona Nieves Gonzalez Fresco, who is stilI an active gardener, has enriched the garden with many beautiful plants, CaLliandra tweedii, Michelia jigo, and erythrina, a hedge of chaenomeles, gerberas and many camellias. Among the latter I noticed one with single pink flowers, and from a distance I thought it might be a C. x williamsii; looked at more closely I saw that the leaves were quite different and that the shrub did not have a main stem. There are no botanical reference libraries here, and at that time I had few books on camellias. By a process of elimination of the species which I knew, I wrote on the label of the cuttings which I took later 'C. Wabisuke?' It was not until mOre than a year later that I was able to consult Mr Charles Puddle who suggested that it might be C. uraku. He suggested that I should collect some fruits to see whether they were glabrous or silky, and I was surprised when I went to get the fruits, how few· there were, considering that the plant had been covered in flowers in the spring. I found three or four which "(ere silky. This plant was bought about 40 years ago from the nursery of Alfredo Moreira da Silva in Oporto and planted in the of the flat in Vigo, where Dona Nieves and her husband lived. It did not grow well there and Dona Nieves went to the same nursery some years later to buy another plant for the garden at La Moroza, but they did not have one. Six or seven years ago when it was stilI quite small it was moved from Vigo and planted in the garden of La Moroza in the open without any shade or shelter and facing south-west. It flowers profusely there from November until March, and carries some flowers up to the end of April. D. Ramon attributes its healthy state to the fact that it is planted in front of the house septic tank. At the end of 1974 I was in London, where I was able to consult the books on camellias in the Lindley Library of the Royal Horticultural Society, and I came to the conclusion that the plant at La Moroza was probably C. wabisuke 'Tarokaja'. A few days later m wife and I went to stay with Mr and Mrs Charles PUddle at Bodnant, and amongst the books in their home there was a copy of Camellias oj Japan! edited by Professor Takasi Tuyama, in which 1 found a description of C. 'Tarokaja'. When I returned to Spain I collected a flower and some leaves and sent them to Dr Takasi Tuyama in Tokyo saying, "I should be grateful if you would confirm that the camellia, of which I enclose a leaf and flower, is Camellia 'Tarokaja'. The flowers shatter easily and wilt within a few hours of picking and the leaf may be damaged in the post, so here is a description - Leaves: 9.5 cm x 4.5 cm, acuminate, dark glossy green above, lighter green beneath, serrulate; petioles, I cm; conspicuous venation,

38 Previous year's wood greyish-white. Ovary covered with appressed densely silky hairs.

especially of the midrib. Flowers: single, RHS new colour chart 62B (old chart Phlox Pink 625/2), 6 cm wide x 3.5 cm high, terminal and in leaf buds, usually in pairs. Sepals: dark green, silky, opening lighter green. Petals: orbicular, 3 cm x 3 cm, notched and creped; stamens, yellow. Buds: elliptic, sharply pointed. Habit: width greater than height; flowers November to March." Dr Tuyama replied, "1 have carefully compared yours with my 'Tarokaja'. It is now in full blossom in my garden. 'Tarokaja' persistently takes the upright form in place of your "width greater than height". In every important point, however, yours is a good match with mine. Such as the creped petal, colour and shape of perules, hairiness of ovary and basal portion of style, impressed veins of leaf, serration and density of cork warts are all the same. Its sterility is also noticeable. Mine bears seed only seldom, in the natural condition. As your specimen was badly damaged at the staminal tube, I could not examine that. Can you send stamens separately? The staminal tube with the free parts of the stamens are wanted. It is better if the tube is cut on one side and flattened, with the honey wiped off. I shall be very pleased if you would give the colour when alive from part to part." I replied, "The stigma is 2.5 cm long and yellow-green. The anthers are Indian yellow. The outer filaments are adnate for 1-1.5 cm from the base and then branch into separate filaments, light yellow-green I cm long, i.e. total length of outer filaments 2-2.5 cm. The inner filaments are free from the top of the ovary and about 1.5 cm. I have measured the shrub, and it is 3. IO m high x 3.40 wide in one direction and 2.80 m in the other. I noticed last year that it had grown a long central main stem, so perhaps it will grow higher than wider." Six weeks later I received a telegram from Dr Tuyama in Tokyo saying that he was leaving to fly to Europe and would like to come to see me. He arrived on 24 April, 1975, and two days later we went to see 'Tarokaja' and picked some of the last flowers. That evening outside my house we rigged up an improvised stand, so that he could take close-up photographs using a 50 mm Auto Macro f.3.5 lens on his Olympus camera.

Ovary, 3-celled. Afterwards he told me the fascinating story of the two names, Tarokaja and Uraku; and he has added some more details below. Tarokaja is the Japanese name for a famous comedian in plays called Kyogen, which were first staged about 1400 AD in Kyoto, then the capital of Japan. These plays are still given in modern Japanese theatres, but very rarely. Uraku was the younger brother of the nobleman, Nobinaga, who was Shogun of Japan in the 14th century, and some noblemen who lived around Kyoto named the camellia after Uraku. Kyoto changed slowly over the ages and its people are conservative. 'Tarokaja' grows around the Buddhist temples there. but they prefer to retain the old name of 'Uraku' for sentimental reasons; similarly the people of Kyoto call other camellias by the name of the shrine or temple where they are growing, and not by the cultivar name. The gardens of Kyoto have been planted over the centuries and with its humid climate these camellias can be propagated fairly easily, but the nurserymen did not issue catalogues, so the name 'Uraku' was not published.

Yedo, now Tokyo, became a prosperous expanding. city, and the upper and the new middle classes wanted decorative plants to adorn their gardens.

To meet this demand many nursery gardens were started in Tokyo, and catalogues, printed or manuscript, appeared in great numbers; until the 18th century these· did not contain any prices, so the nurserymen probably charged according to their assessment of the wealth of the buyer. They offered camellias and other plants, among them C. 'Tarokaja'.

In April 1976 I was going to London and on my way to the airport at Santiago de Compostela I called at La Moroza and took some specimens of 'Tarokaja', which I delivered next morning to the Herbarium of the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew. J. R. Sealy has retired but he still goes to the herbarium on some days, and I thought that he might be interested to have these specimens as his description of C. uraku Kitamura2 agrees quite well with C. 'Tarokaja'. He wrote to me that he agrees that the correct name for this plant is C. 'Tarokaja', and they were the first examples that had. come his way and were being dried for the Kew Herbarium. In his opinion C. japonica could well be one parent of C. 'Tarokaja' and of three other plants described by Makino, C. wabiske* Kitamura. C. sinensis has been suggested as the other parent of C. wabiske, but for 'Tarokaja' he thinks this unlikely. He has found a letter at Kew from K. Wada which reads "Tarokaja is believed to have been introduced into Japan from Korea or China almost 500 years ago," and he feels sure that 'Tarokaja' has C. japonica in its ancestry and the other parent must be a Camellia with a hairy ovary and finely toothed leaves; C. reticulata is a possibility, but C. saluenensis is more likely. The specimens which I took to Kew agree quite well with some of the Kew Herbarium material under Camellia x williamsii W. W.Smith i.e. C. japonica x C. saluenensis.

If 'Tarokaja' was imported from China, it suggests the possibility that C. japonica and C. saluenensis were crossed several hundred years ago. .

.' References: I.· Tuyama, T. (1966). Nihon Tsubaki Sh;;. Tokyo; Heibonsha Book Publishing Co. 2. Sealy, J. R. (1958). A Revision of the Genus Camellia. London; The Royal HortiFultural Society, . . * Footnote: Makino referred four plants to C. retieulata. One of these, C. retieulata var. rosea Makino, was later raised to species rank by Kitamura as C. uraku Kitamura, and was therefore C. 'Tarokaja'. The other three plants, C. retieulata var. wabiske, C. retieulata var. eampanulata f. subvidua, and var. eampanulata f. bieolor, were all referred to C. wabiske Kitamura by that author.

40 Description and Comment by Dr Takasi Tuyama:

Camellia 'Tarokaja' Branchlets erect and straight, colour of previous year's wood tending to grey or greyish-white. Leaves narrowly elliptic to broadly lanceolate, long acuminate at the apex, cuneate or rounded cuneate at the base, margins minutely serrated, serrations being rather more acute toward the apex, plicated alorig the midrib, veinlets impressed, petioles glabrous. Flowers slightly fragrant, bright light pink (Rhodamine Pink 527/1), deeper coloured at the base inside, 6-8 cm in diameter; petals 7-8 in number including small outer ones, deeply incised or rarely rounded at the apex, expanded outwards and arcuated half above and horizontally spreading, wrinkled all over especially in cold weather. Staminal tube light yellow to orange-yellow, anthers light creamy yellow to whitish, pollen grains highly sterile. Ovary regularly 3-celled, with the style the same height as the staminal tube, covered with appressed densely silky hairs; seeds sometimes fertile, exceptional for the wabisuke group. Fruit globular, smaller than the other cultivars, surface thinly hairy and becoming rough when mature. Flowering from early February to the middle of April, also rarely in December.

(Mr Tsuneo Nakamura has reported that the diameter of the flowers is much greater in the Kochi district of Shikoku, where the climate is much milder in winter).

A Comment: The earliest reference to 'Tarokaja' appeared in the manuscript of Ito Jukyii: Honzo-hamamakie, Vol. 15 (1739). This ha<;l not been discovered when the first edition of Camellia Cultivars of Japan was published (20 May 1%6), but in the second edition (1975) I added this date. The first valid publication of the cultivar name 'Tarokaja' was by Kouemon Ito in Chinka-shu (1879); this was printed from a woodcut and the description reads as follows "Pale pink, single, small-flowered." K. Ito's plant is undoubtedly the same as that of J. Ito, and searches are being made in literature published between 1739 and 1879 to find further references. Most of the cultivars which had been growing for a long time in K. Ito's were transplanted to .the Minagawa Garden, Angyo, Saitama Prefecture, which is about 30 km north of the centre of Tokyo, and his original plant of 'Tarokaja' can be seen there. There is a big tree of this cultivar growing in the garden of the small temple of Gasshin-ih, an annexe of the Kodaiji Temple, and there are several other old trees in the ancient part of the city of Kyoto. Kyoto was the ancient capital of Japan, and its citizens have traditionally referred to this plant as 'Uraku tsubaki' or for 'short, 'Uraku'. According to a local legend this plant was a favourite of Uraku-sai Oda (1547-1621) who was a famous general and teacher of the tea ceremony, and also a younger brother of the great Shogun, Nobunaga Oda (1534-1582). In Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica XIV. 117 (1952) Kitamura published the name of Camellia uraku for this plant, and it isa pity that neither Uraku-tsubaki nor Uraku was published as the valid name of this cultivar before 1879. In Japan there is. no wild camellia with a hairy ovary except Camellia sasanqua Thumb. It is widely believed that this cultivar may be a hybrid between C. japonica L. and presumably C. reticulata Lind!. s. 1. As early as in 1918 the late Dr T. Makino published this view when he was dealing with the nomenclature of the other cultivars of the Wabisuke group, although he did not refer to this particular cultivar. All photographs - Takas; Tuyama

41 An interesting new camellia:

'GOLDEN GATE'

HOUGHTON S. HALL San Anselmo, California, U.S.A.

I believe these remarks should be prefaced by some evidence which will indicate that you never know what you are going to come up with when you plant a camellia seed.

In 1966 I germinated 8 seeds from two pods on my 'Amabilis'; the male parent unknown in both cases. Approximately 6 years later most of them bloomed for the first time and even though these seeds had been pod-mates, not a single flower was alike in shape, size, or color, nor did any resemble the female parent 'Amabilis'. Three were formal whites, but different in size; another a rose-red semi-double to formal with 45 petals; another semi-double to peony form, light rose with 25 petals; another blush pink single with 5 petals; another cream white semi-double with 30 petals; finally one flowered in 1973 in an anemone form with 13 white guard petals and a large 3Vz" dia x 2" high petaloid and stamen burst in the centre - average size of this flower the first year of bloom was 4".

It was this plant which exhibited signs of great vigor both in the size of its leaves, which are as large or larger than those of 'Masterpiece', but also in the heavy calliper and length of its new growth, both of which are exceptional. Most interesting, however, is the distinctly yellow cast which the entire flower assumes, apparently resulting from the massive golden yellow centre. In 1975 the size of this flower stabilised at 5" to 5W' in diameter as the plant matured, and it was exhibited twice in the seedling section of two ACS accredited Shows under the code symbol 'H-12I'. In both of these Shows it went immediately to the Honor and Head Tables, and in one was additionally awarded the ACS Provisional Highly Commended Seedling Certificate. I might add that when you are competing with the likes of Dave Feathers, Frank Pursel, Ken Hailstone, Jack Mandarich, and many others of equal skill in the raising and handling of seedlings in Central California Shows, it is most gratifying to this writer to once in a while come up with a winner - I can tell you that it does not happen often.

As to the name 'Golden Gate', it was one of at least 100 suggestions made by friends who had seen the flower; as soon as this name was suggested we knew our search had ended since both Ariana and I think it is apropos and distinctive both nationally and internationally. It has been Registered by ACS and a description will appear in the 1976 ACS Yearbook, and in the next edition of Camellia Nomenclature as published by the Southern California Camellia Society. (Continued page 43) 42 DO YOU RECOGNISE THIS CAMELLIA?

Our new Membership Representative for Africa, Dr John Rourke, writes about camellias around Cape Town:

"There are still some problems in connection with the names of old cultivars. I have slides of cultivars from colour transparencies. I enclose two slides of one of the unidentified cultivars. The habit shot shows a typical specimen ± 35 ft in height growing in the grounds of an old homestead; the area is presently being developed as a housing estate. The trunk circumference of this speciment is 13 ft. It is a widely planted old cultivar, perhaps dating from 1880 (or earlier). The growth is very vigorous and the leaves are characteristically pale green (not showing up well in this slide).

"Small, anemone-form flowers are produced in great profusion from June onwards. They are a more flesh pink than shown in this slide. The petal substance is very poor and the bloom has a tendency to wilt in water almost immediately. However, it is a fine subject for landscaping, some specimens becoming quite enormous trees. Of all the old cultivars at the Cape, this is the only one which grows into quite a massive tree. I have seen some over 45 feet in height with a crown spread of 50 ft. It produces fruits occasionally. Although this is only a wild guess, I suspect that it might be of Belgian origin. .. Australian member A. E. (Peter) Campbell is inclined to suggest that the Cape Town Tree is Chandler's original 'ELEGANS' (1831). What do YOU think? Drop a short note to Dr Rourke (address back cover). He will be delighted to hear from you.

'GOLDEN GATE' (continued from page 42) I can commend the raising of camellia seedlings to one and all camellia people as one of the most, if not the most, rewarding aspects of our love-affair with the camellia, and I particularly recommend an early start in this direction to our younger camellia growers, since even with advanced techniques it still takes an average of 5 years to see the first bloom on a camellia seedling. One needs to start early enough on such a program with annual plantings oLseed, so that after 6 to 10 years, he will have a group of seedlings which will be coming into bloom each year for the first time. I know of no greater thrill in the camellia world than the anticipation and actual unfolding of this event year by year. 43 A CAMELLIA WITH "GOLDEN FOLIAGE" DR PETER VALDER Mount Wilson, N.S.'vAv'., Australia We are all familiar with the phenomenon of variegation in plantS. Some exHibit genetically-determined patterns of colour, the leaves of Coleus for example. Others are virus-infected, as happens with striped tulips and variegated abutilons. Most of the cultivated variegated plants are chimaeras, however - plants consisting of a number of genetically different tissues. Examples of all these types are found amongst Camellias, though the condition is usually recognizable only in the flowers. The leaf variegations seen in camellias are usually the result of virus infections, which are particularly conspicuous in some of the Camellia I:eticulata.

It was interesting to be shown, therefore, a double white japonica with pale golden-green leaves, the central areas of which are variously marked with dark green. This appears to be a chimera with foliage very like that of certain "golden" holly, privet, and Euonymus cultivars. The young growth is particularly striking, endowing this camellia with considerable potential as a foliage plant.

E. G. WATERHOUSE COMMENTS: The foregoing note refers to a remarkable foliar sport which occurred on a plant of C.}. 'ISABELLA' in the garden of Mrs Shead, Carlingford, New South Wales, and was propagated by MrS. Campton, nurseryman, formerly of Queanbeyan. He called it "ISABELLA VARIEGATED", but that name is inadmissable, as the flower is identical with 'ISABELLA', and is never variegated ... Mrs S. J. Brittain of Red Hill, Canberra, has a fine plant of it, and registered it in 1975. The registered name was published as "VIRGELLA", but this is to be corrected to the intended 'YIRGELLA' in Australia's Camellia News this year. It is a camellia well worth growing for its foliage alone. EDITOR'S NOTE: DOES THE REGISTRATION OF A FOLIAR SPORT CONSTITUTE A VALID CAMELLIA REGISTRATION? The reported variegated foliage is undoubtedly a phenomenon. The variegation is very regular, and is clearly something which people would expect to be separately identified. But will this registration create a difficult precedent? Does the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants make adequate provision for such circumstances?

REPL YBY E. G. WATERHOUSE: The query raised here is a good one to examine, but the answer is clear: The Code of Nomenclature is for cultivated plants, not just for flowers. Accordingly, the name may single out some salient characteristic of the plant as it does in 'Kingyo-tsubaki' ("goldfish camellia"), 'Sakura-ba tsubaki' ("cherry-leaf camellia"), etc. 'YIRGELLA' does not do this, being merely an Australian aboriginal name given to a camellia which arose as a leaf-mutation of a very unusual and striking character, and worth growing for its foliage alone.

44 'YIRGELLA ' ­ Illustration by Tom Savige.

'CHIRI-TSUBAKI' (continued from page 37)

Yoshiaki Andoh, in the sensitive words of his well-known book, "Camellias", traces the history of the genus camellia in Japan. Knowledge of camellias appears in Japanese records as early as the seventh and eighth centuries, but Mr Andoh states that their first real wave of popularity was in the Kan'ei (1624-1643) and Genroku (1688-1703) Periods, which centred on Kyoto. He goes on to say, regretfully, that with the lapse of time, so many of the multifarious varieties of those days have died out, that Kyoto has become a graveyard of camellias. However, we should all rejoice that all did not die out. Mr Andoh concedes that some of the old varieties have been preserved in the gardens of Zen temples in Kyoto. He says that, in a narrow sense, these flowers are the original japonica varieties. Mr Andoh's book makes more direct reference to 'Chiri-tsubaki' in the statement, "There are accounts in the early modern periods of the favourite camellias of Hideyoshi Toyotomi, such as 'Wabisuke' and 'Goshiki-yae-chiri-tsubaki', which is a penta-coloured scattering double camellia." The old original tree with its branch circumference of 92 feet, is liberally supported with props but it is in a surprisingly bright condition - a joy to behold!

45 'TARO-AN' . IN JAPAN AND OVERSEAS

YOSHIAKI ANDOH Kobe, Japan

'TARO-AN' has a lovely bloom of Neyron Rose, is small to medium single, opens early to mid-season and has a pendulous growth habit. It is one of the most popular camellias in Japan. Its elegant simplicity is especially admired as a cut flower in the Tea Ceremony. I presume that admiration for simple beauty is not confined to Japan alone. In Australia, 'Spencer's Pink' is appreciated for the same reason. Although the precise origin of 'TARO-AN' is unknown it seems to have appeared in or around Nagoya, and it can be safely stated that it is the representative bloom of 'Oware-tsubaki', a group of camellias of old Nagoya province. That is why the name 'TARO-AN' does not appear in the list of 'CHINKA SHU' by Koemon Ito, 1879, which contains various camellias found mainly in 'Yedo-tsubaki' (that is, camellias appreciated in Tokyo in olden times). This fact is also confirmed by a legend that this variety was named after 'TARO-AN' EIJI TAKADA', a tea-master of Nagoya who died in 1763. According to another legend, Takashi Masuda, a notable Tokyo businessman, asked a messenger to bring a twig of 'TARO-AN' from Nagoya whenever he served tea in a cup bearing the signature 'DON TARO' in his tea ceremony. An old plant in the front garden of Hakken-GU, a subsidiary shrine of the 'ATSUTA SHRINE', NAGOYA, is regarded as the original plant of 'TARO-AN' from which a certain person named TARO-AN was said to have obtained a twig, but we can see at a glance that it differs from the current clone of 'TARO-AN'. We have in Nagoya Province 'FURO-AN' and 'JURa-AN', both with similar appearance, and presumably common genetics as 'TARO-AN', but more or less different diagnosis. Besides, there are not a few varieties such as 'JOMANJI' which seem to have no relation to 'TARO-AN' genetically, but are often confused with it. Considering these facts, 'TARO-AN' is probably a rare variety not released in olden times, but which became popular more recently. The earliest description of the variety is found in Chugai's Catalogue, 1936. "Soft pink, round petalled, single, elegant flowering from December." This gives me the vivid impression of fitting the current clone of 'TARO-AN', especially when the bud is about to open. On the other hand, Hertrich in 'Camellias in the Huntington Gardens', Vol. 3, p.242, states that 'TARO-AN' was imported into California from Japan by F. M. Uyematsu, but the detailed description and the illustration shown by. Hertrich raise the suspicion in my mind that this may be a different variety. The typical form of 'TARO-AN', swollen in the early stages then bell-shaped, does not reach to as much as 10 cm across when fully opened. It has creped petals, but "heavily undulated and rotund if flattened" gives us a somewhat different image of its characteristics. The distinguishing point of this bloom is large, white tubular stamens, with golden anthers guarded by soft pink petals, that is, the accent of stamens having colour effect. The expression of the staminal cylinder itself does fit, but the anthers cannot necessarily be said to be small. The poor stamens in the illustration, together with the flower formation of undulated petals gives us the impression of a quite different variety. The serrations of the dark green leaves with curved edges, rather smooth than 'fine' and 'upright', open. As it is, the most striking growth habit can be said to be pendulous. Above all, the flowering period is early to mid-season, not "mid-season to late". A list of camellias imported from Tokyo in 1930 by Uyematsu was published in the American Camellia Year Book 1950, but 'TARO-AN' is not mentioned among the 113 varieties, and the statement that Uyematsu did not import any named varieties after 1930 seems to support my above-mentioned suspicions. On the other hand, the

46 Sent to England and New Zealand as The true 'TARO-AN' 'TARO-AN'in /935 ... WHAT IS IT? description of 'TARO-AN' in Camellia Nomenclature fits the camellia under discussion: "Soft pink, medium, with large round petals and heavy stamens of magnolia form, vigorious growth, " In Britain, the Rhododendron and Camellia Year Book 1960 mentions another 'TARO-AN' imported from Japan. In his article "Camellias at Underway, West Porlock", Norman Hadden states: "A large plant of the single red 'TARO-AN' carries on the flowering season from mid-April for some weeks, its leaves are very glossy and more elongated than in most japonica varieties. It may have been included in an order for shrubs from Yokohama in my early days." It is more than probable that in the 1930's there were cases where pseudo 'TARO-AN' was introduced as the true 'TARO-AN', and the true 'TARO-AN' imported under another name. 'Yoibijin' seems to be an example of this. Camellia Nomenclature describes 'Yoibijin' as "Pale pink, small, single, open growth (Japan 1937, Wada)". But Wada's 1937 catalogue described it as "Beautiful shell pink, single, large beautiful stamens." In 1934-5, Chugai describes 'Suibijin' as "Single pink, large round petals", and in the following catalogue described the same camellia under the name 'Yoibijin'. "Pink large flower, single, round petalled." Both 'sui' and 'yoi' mean 'mellow', and 'bijin' means 'a Beauty'. But in the Chugai catalogue 'Suibijin' syn. 'Yoibijin' and 'TARO-AN' are listed as two different varieties. Colour and size in their descriptions are different, only the key word 'round petal' is common. Following is the description of 'Yoibijin' in Hillier's Catalogue: "Single almond-pink, with conspicuous stamens, early." 'Yoibijin', like 'Hassaku' which was studied in the ICS Journal No.6, 1974, was an unknown variety to me. In Hillier's Catalogue I notice the name 'Furoan': "A magnificent variety with large single bright-peach pink flowers and coospicous anthers A.M., 1956". 'FURO-AN' opens flatly when the bloom ages and has lesser looks in staminal form than 'TARO-AN'. But what can be the reason for omitting 'TARO-AN', more famous and superior, from the list? I asked Mr Charles Puddle to send me a scion of it from Bodnant. In his letter he mentioned that 'Yoibijin' came to Bodnant from Wada's Hakoneya Nurseries in 1939. As a result of my observation over two seasons, I find that the so-called 'Yoibijin' in England is actually 'TARO-AN', as known in Nagoya. I presume that 'Yoibijin' in Australia is the same camellia, because 'Dainty Maiden', a seedling from 'Yoibijin', is a lovely bloom of pale pink and has definite traces of heredity in the plant. It has glossy, dark green leaves with edges turned downwards, and shallow serrations quite similar to that of 'TARO-AN'. Further, it has a pendulous growth habit which, to my intuition, seems to exhibit the same genetic features as 'TARO-AN'. Here is the description of 'Dainty Maiden', raised by Professor Waterhouse, and in his own words in the 'Magic of Camellias': "This is a seedling from the Japanese variety 'Suibijin' (also called 'Yoibijin') raised and named in Australia by E. G. Waterhouse from seed produced on a plant imported from Japan under the name 'Yoibijin'." Summing up, I cannot see any difference between 'TARO-AN' and the 'Suibijin' (Yoibijin) of Chugai's 1936 Catalogue.

47 Wasthe reticulata hybrid 'EMPEROR' identified in America?

E. G.WATERHOUSE Gordon, N.S.w., Australia

The earliest reticulata hybrid in Camellia literature is that of C. 'EMPEROR', published in a coloured lithograph in 1850 in Verschaffelt's Nouvelle Iconographie des Camellias with the following description: "Fort belle irregularite a tres grands petales, serres, contoumls, chiffonnes, diversement groupes, d'un rouge cramoisi fonce, passant presque au blanc vers les bards. Ce Camellia, dans Ie commerce depuis quelques ann~es d~j:l, est dG ~ M. Davies, horticulteur, pres de Liverpool, qui l'a obtenu, nous a-t-il dit, en fecondant un C. 'Colvillii' par Ie reticulata. "Les individus que nous avons observes chez lui dans Ie temps avaient deux a trois metres de hauteur et etaient litteralment couverts de fleurs; sa floraison successive dans nos serres a prouve que c'est l~ une variete constante, d'un port superbe et d'une fertilite florale peu ordinaire." We reproduce Verschaffelt's original coloured lithograph in monotone. No doubt it was grown both in England and Europe under glass. Plants may have been exported to America, where it would grow in the open. Robt. O. Rubel Jr, camellia specialist of Crighton, Alabama, claims to have located a 5 foot specimen of it in a garden near Mobile in 1931, and propagated plants from it. In 1932 the plant was bought by a customer for $250.00. Rubel's plants, grown out-of-doors in five-gallon containers, started blooming in 1946. He had carried them under "Lot 109", but changed to 'EMPEROR' when he felt convinced of his identification.

Can C. 'EMPEROR' be seen growing in America today? "Extremely lovely irregularity, very large petals, compact, twisted, ruffled, variously grouped, of a deep crimson red, fading to a whitish tint at the edges." H. Hume in Camellias in America describes a different 'EMPEROR' imported from Nantes under that name.

Note: We have corrected Verschaffelt's spelling "Colullii" to 'COLVILLII'.

48 49 A Cutting Graft of C. 'Howard Asper' 14-months old. GRAFTING WITH CUTTINGS

STEVE CLARK St. Ives, N.S.w., Australia

As most camellia enthusiasts know. there are several methods of raising plant materials. Seed raising is probably the cheapest and easiest, but with camellias it is a chancy business. Only the seeds of species produce plants that are true to type. The easiest and surest propagating method used by nurserymen is by taking cuttings in the summer, and this produces a plant that (with certain exceptions that I shall not specify at this time) is true to its parent. However, a number of varieties of japonica camellias and most reticulata are difficult to get growing on their own roots. For that reason, and also to speed the development of new varieties, propagation by grafting is frequently used, but this requires the raising of seedlings to use as rootstock, or "cutting off the head" of an established plant to accommodate the scion of the variety required. Because this method is time-consuming, expensive and risky - the success of grafting may be no higher than 70 per cent - I believe this new technique of THE CUTTING GRAFT, as successfully practised by Camellia Grove of St. Ives, New South Wales, will revolutionise camellia raising.

HOW TO DO CUTTING GRAFTS Best results are achieved in mid-summer. Your first requirement is a vigorous-growing sasanqua or hiemalis. one that has stout shoots on the top of the bush, preferably hiemalis 'Kanjiro'.

Remove these shoots as you would a normal cutting, about 13 cm long, with two or three leaves. A single sloping cut is made into the stem, 13 to 15 mm long, and about 4 cm up from the base, near where the wood is thickest. We will now call this the understock.

Next, the scion of the desired variety is prepared by cutting to approximately 8 cm long with two leaves at the top and the base shaped into a wedge 12 to 14 mm long (fig. I).

Now insert the scion into the cut in the understock, and tie at that point, figs. 2 and 3. If scion and understock are the same diameter, this is ideal, but if not, line up the cambium layers on one side only, overlapping or underlapping the other side. If the scion is grossly oversized, trim down one side to approximate the understock size. For best results, fasten with an elastic band, although packing tape will do, and is quicker. Then place the prepared cutting (understock and attached scion) into your sand-and-peat, or whatever cutting medium you prefer. Insert to a depth that will place the union 25 to 30 mm below the surface.

50 Treat as a normal cutting until roots emerge from base of the understock, by which time the callusing of the stock to the scion should have taken place. When the Cutting Graft is lifted, roots may also have grown at or near the union, in which case, cut these off. Now cut off that portion of the understock which is above the union. Cut as close to the union as possible (fig. 4). Then treat as a normal cutting, and "pot up".

ADVANTAGES OF CUTTING GRAFTS

A. To Commercial Growers: I. There is no need to grow understock for four years just to cut down. 2. The Cutting Graft is at least as reliable as the traditional graft, but if unsuccessful, the loss is not that of a 4 to 5-year-old plant. 3. There is no need to keep the plant for a further year or two before releasing for sale. 4. As normal success rate with reticulata grafts is about 65%, Cutting Grafts eliminate about 35% loss of 5-year-old plants. 5. The Cutting Graft takes more time than ordinary cuttings, but far less than traditional grafting. 6. Cutting Graft plants can be offered for sale after three years, compared with at least five years for traditional grafts of similar size. 7. Traditional-graft plants rarely have flowers when released, but Cutting Graft plants usually have several flowers. 8. Production cost is lower.

B. To lCS Members: I. You can traditional-graft in winter, and also Cutting-Graft in summer. 2. No need to develop seedlings or other understock for 4 to 5 years. All you need is a healthy, vigorous sasanqua or hiemalis from which to take cuttings. 3. Cutting Graft technique is easier, because there is no critical matching of cambium layers. . 4. It is easier to graft small scions or species, because the sasanqua cuttmg (understock) is narrower than cleft-grafting stock, and the delicate scion does not risk being squashed. 5. The excitement of trying out grafting this new, easier and more successful way.

Fig. I 2 3 4 QUEST FOR THE GOLDEN CAMELLIA WILLIAM W. DONNAN California, U.S.A. The Greeks have nothing on us! In their story about the Quest For The Golden Fleece, they tell about Hercules cleaning out the Aegean Stables, about slaying the 7-headed Hydra, and other prodigious feats. Well, we can recount some tales which are almost as interesting in connection with the American quest for the golden camellia! Hybridists here in the U.S.A. are hot on the trail of that elusive yellow cultivar. They would like to have a blue, also, to be used in breeding to develop a full range of hues including orange, coral, purple and all shades in between. But the quest for,a yellow, the quest for the golden camellia, holds everyone's fancy. Among the many enthusiasts who were feverishly anxious to obtain a yellow cultivar, none was more dedicated than the late Mr Ralph Peer of Hollywood, California. He circled the globe more than once, and spent years in correspondence with horticulturists everywhere in his quest. He spent large sums of money importing what were said to be yellow flowered plants, only to find on receiving them that they were mostly faded whites. He searched the libraries of the world, and finally discovered ancient references to a yellow camellia growing in the Yunnan Province of China. In 1948, after long negotiations, 20 plants were imported from the Yunnan Province. These proved to be the wonderful C. reticulata cultivars, but none of them were yellow flowered! In 1948, the late Mr Carl Tourje, a camellia fancier of San Gabriel, California, imported seeds of several species and genera related to the camellia. One such shipment, from the Hong Kong Botanical Gardens, contained seeds of Tutcheria spectabilis, a member of the Theaceae Family, and a relative of Camellia. Some of the· seeds were shared with the various institutions, and the seedlings grown at the Descanso Gardens produced one scraggy plant. When this was 5 or 6 years old, it produced a flower or two, but no one paid much attention to it. Then, in mid-July 1955, Mr John L. Threlkeld, Superintendent at Descanso Gardens, chanced to examine the plant. Lo and behold! There were a dozen or more butter-yellow flowers! This seemed unbelievable! The genus Tutcheria produces only white flowers! Yet, here was a relative of the camellia with yellow blooms; and even more exciting, yellow blooms in midsummer, with the promise of possibly extending the camellia blooming season! The news of this development spread lik:e wild-fire through the California camellia world. Everyone wanted a scion. EverYQne wanted pollen from the blooms. Everyone wanted to cross the Tutcheria with their own cultivars. The unauthorized snipping of scions got so alarming that the Descanso Gardens were obliged to erect a 7-foot high chain-link fence arourj.d the plant with an iron gate and padlock to protect it. Meanwhile, efforts to graft it on C. japonica under-stock proved fruitless. Thriving grafts died for no apparent reason after two or three; years. Furthermore, the plant could not be propagated by cuttings. Some seeds were. produced on the plant but the offspring proved to be white-flowering plants. Several intergeneric crosses were made but, here again, there were no yellow flowering progeny. In 1968, the yellow-flowered Tutcheria spectabilis at Descanso Gardens contracted oak-root fungus and died. Alas! ! I Meanwhile, in tlle Fall of 1964, Dr William S. Stewart, then Director of the Los Angeles County , received the Fulbright Lectureship to India. He was particularly pleased, II since the visit to India might afford an opportunity to visit botanical gardens a/ld tea plantations in North-east India in the quest of the yellow-flowered native species ofl camellia. In October 1964, while visiting the Royal Botanica Garden at Katmand\1, Nepal, the Curator told Dr Stewart that she had a beautiful yellow-flowered C. japo~ica growing in the conservatory! The plant was 18 inches tall but not in bloom. lIhe flowers were said to be the colour of "brass". The plant was obtained from the JahaklNursery in Darjeeling. . r (Continued page 57) 52

I Camellia Improvement by Scientific Approach LES JURY New Zealand

Editor's Note: This is a transcript of Mr Jury's address to the ICS Congress at Falmouth, Cornwall, in April, 1976. In his preliminary remarks, Mr Jury referred to the work of Mr Ken HaIlstone and Dr Wm. Ackerman of U.S.A. in breeding for Fragrance through the additive effects of genes which control fragrance. "When each parent of a planned cross has some degree of fragrance," said Mr Jury, "one or more of the resultant seedlings may have the combined fragrance of both parents. "Exactly the same rule applies for the additive effect of colour," he said. The slide presentation which accompanied Mr Jury's address included a number of his own breeder plants and hybrids, illustrating how his approach to additive colour is producing intense reds, brighter golden-yellow anthers, and - most exciting of all - the results of his work on increasing the YELLOW in 'Jury's Yellow'. . *** The scientific approach to is a well known method of plant improvement. The scientists who fully comprehend all aspects of plant breeding are called geneticists. By their endeavours, the most important plants in the world - the food-producing - have been so improved as to double, treble and even quadruple their yields. The geneticists' knowledge has also been put to use in the field of ornamental plants, many of which are so beautiful as to make one marvel at the possibilities in the hands of these scientific people. After studying the book on plant-breeding by Lawrence and Newall, which has given me some insight into the complexities of chromosones and genes, I decided to make an endeavour to apply some degree of scientific approach to camellia hybridising. Because camellias take some years to evaluate each plant, and knowing my objectives would require the second and third cross, my plan was of necessity, a long term plan. I realised from the start that my first crosses would not be the ultimate; that they would be but one step in a long programme. I raised a large number of first crosses, so as to be able to select the best possible breeders for the second cross. Usually singles have to be the seed bearing parents, so those with the larger blooms and heavier substance were selected. Saluenensis was crossed with 'Fuyajo', knowing that only single blooms would result, but the objective was to get a crimson single which, hopefully, would in effect serve the purpose of a red saluenensis, and thus enable me to extend the colour range of the English hybrids just coming on the market at that time, namely 'Donation', 'Salutation', 'J.C. Williams', and other singles. From about 30 seedlings raised of saluenensis type 'Fuyajo', only one was crimson, and it was named 'Joyful Bells'. In due course, 'Joyful Bells' was crossed with red japonicas, but the first to bloom did not measure up to what I hoped for. I began to think this was a blind alley, but as more came to bloom, the breakthrough appeared in three doubles and three singles, all bright reds, with very bright golden-yellow anthers.

53 I The most striking is a brilliant scarlet crimson semi-double with a large rounded bunch of bright golden-yellow anthers. It has been named 'Rendezvous'. A dark crimson peony form, it has to bloom another season for final evaluation; in the meantime, it has the nursery name of "Darkie". Another scarlet crimson semi-double with serrated petals also has another season for fillal evaluation; the pollen parent was 'Ville de Nantes'. For the third cross, the three doubles have been used as pollinators with 'Kimberley', a single crimson japonica with a large bunch of golden-yellow anthers. (Listed in Camellia Nomenclature as carmine with red stamens, single cupped form). The three selected singles, which I refer to as my three "Buoys", have been named 'Bright Buoy', 'Scarlet Buoy' and 'Crimson Buoy'. These are now being crossed with red japonicas and red hybrids including reticulata type japonica, 'Dr Clifford Parks'. The above crosses should give me a lead into brilliant red hybrids, from scarlets to deep crimson of various forms, most of them with prominent and beautifully contrasing golden-yellow anthers. 'Fuyajo' has long lasting pollen anthers, so the above crosses should make for real improvement.

SEEKING AFrER YELLOWS In a discussion with the late Keith Brushfield, I asked if he knew for certain the parentage of his 'Brushfield's Yellow'. He replied that he knew it to be a seedling from japonica 'Edith Linton', and he was not certain but felt fairly sure 'Gwenneth Morey' was also a seedling from 'Edith Linton'. He could see no difference in the two. This seemed to suggest that there was a recessive yellow gene in 'Edith Linton'. As 'Edith Linton' did not set seed with me, I used its pollen on saluenensis. From a few hybrids raised, I selected a single pink with heavy substance, and it· was numbered 460. . No. 460 was crossed with 'Gwenneth Morey', hoping that if there was a recessive yellow gene in No. 460, also recessive yellow gene in 'Gwenneth Morey', it should be possible to get an additive effect and thus increase the depth of yellow colour - and that is just what happened; a hybrid with a little more yellow than 'Gwenneth Morey'. It has been named 'Jury's Yellow'. Another hybrid of mine named 'Devotion', has deep rosy pink petals with a cream yellow central bunch of petaloids; it sets a few seeds. So a cross has been made 'Devotion' x 'Jury's Yellow', resulting in 22 seeds. The aim of this cross is to enlarge and deepen the colour of the central petaloids to yellow, with pink outer petals. The seeds have been sown, if successful it could be the most beautiful camellia in the world! 'Jury's Yellow' gives me the needed qualities to further extend the forms of yellow hybrids, or hybrid having some yellow in them. Larger and deeper yellow blooms would almost certainly be raised by crossing 'Jury's Yellow' with granthamiana. Maybe yellow with apricot pink shadings could result in crossing 'Jury's Yellow' with 'Grannie', (sal x granthamiana). Another hybrid of mine just registered is 'Mona Jury', named after my wife. I consider this the most beautiful of my hybrids to date - it is the result of a second cross. The first cross was saluenensis and 'Daikagura', from which was selected a large single pink with very good substance numbered 324. Then 324 was crossed with 'Betty Sheffield Supreme', resulting in the hybrid, 'Mona Jury', a large wavy peony-form apricot pi~k, deepening a little at the petal tips, a characteristic apparently from 'Betty

54 Sheffield Supreme', but the colour of petal tips could be more pronounced. So 'Mona Jury' has been crossed with 'Berenice Boddy', the aim being to get a bloom of more delicate toning with deeper colour in petal tips, maybe a picotee form. I did raise a single blue camellia by crossing 'Fuyajo' with 'Sode-gakushi', but it was lost on being moved.

I have again crossed 'Fuyajo' in an attempt to get a blue, this time I used C. japonica 'Zambo' as the pollen parent, as it is the bluest japonica I have seen. Thus I feel fairly confident in raising another blue, which should lead to a range of colours from pale to deeper tonings of blue and purple-blues.

FRAGRANT CAMELLIAS The greatest achievement in scientific camellia breedin,g, is undoubtedly the work by Dr Wm. Ackerman of the U.S. in doubling the chromosome count of the fragrant hybrid named 'Fragrant Pink' . This work has now made possible the development of a wide range of colours and forms of fragrant camellias. Some of you will have read how Mr Ken Hallstone of U.S.A. made an appeal through the 1974 InternationaI Camellia Journal, requesting that anyone who had a camellia with some fragrance should contact him, with the result that he now has quite a collection of varieties with fragrances. Hybridisers from five different countries, other' than the United States, responded, so that there are now 16 hybridisers known 'to be working for floral fragrance in Camellias, a great response in two years. No doubt others will join in this programme, making it a truly international effort. Coming back to my own work in N .Z., having sold my previous gardens, I am still hybridising, but on a smaller scale. At the present time I have about 370 unflowered seedlings, all hand crossed, from one to three years old. I am still working along my original plans of additive colours and other desirable objectives. Taking as a model the work on fragrance now being undertaken on an international basis, could we not have the same international co-operation in work on other desirable obiectives. such as more brilliant reds, increase in yellow to~ings, blue ~lcotee tones, and brighter longer-lasting (lollen anthets and forms} cold hardlllessl and dwarfer plants. I am willing to give scions of any of my breeder plants to help set up such a project, and I am sure there are other breeder plants which could be brought together by a similar appeal to that issued by Mr Ken Hallstone. Such a project, working by international co-operation, would be assured of success in every field of endeavour. For some years I have been writing articles advocating the objectives enumerated above, and now I urge the ICS to promote these objectives as quickly as possible on an internationaland scientific basis. If this is done, then we would be heading for real camellia improvement. There is much work to be done, but international co-operation is the assured way of success. Instead of all camellia raisers working on their own ideas, what is now needed is co-ordination of the work under the direction of a geneticist. With such direction, on the basis of international co~operation, the highest possibilities in camellia development could be achieved.

In closing, I pay tribute to the late Mr J. C. Williams. But for his initial work on hybridising camellias, I would not have conceived such possibilities. I therefore think of him with gratitude and the greatest respect. * * * TO JOIN THE HYBRIDISING TEAM FOR NEW COLOURS readers are invited to write to Mr Les Jury at 47 Smart Road, New Plymouth, New Zealand.

55 A contrary viewpoint on "Collective Epithets" (International Camellia Journal No.7) EPITHETIC!

DAVID TREHANE Truro, Cornwall, England

"EPITHET - 1. An adjective expressing some quality or attribute regarded as characteristic of a person or thing. 2. A significant appellation. "-Oxford Dictionary. Here, on the other face of the world, I can but admire the drive and energy of Australia's Tom Savige. We do need questing minds backed with the power of expression. His sincerity is unquestionable. I do, however, question the wisdom of creating innumerable collective epithets embracing every possible permutation and combination of camellia species and hybrids. At least Tom has a sense of humour: what else could have given birth to 'Grannie Hybrids'? What is the value of a collective epithet? To the ordinary planter of camellias, none at all - unless it is taken up generally throughout the trade, and given prominence in catalogues. Jan de Graaff's Oriental Hybrid Lilies afford a good example. The epithet indicates combinations of the lilies of the east, and they exist in sufficient strength and numbers to warrant continuing publicity and cultivation. But Tom Savige's hotch-potch of epithets will never get off the ground. Who is going to split his camellia list into Milky Way Hybrids, Dryden Hybrids, and so on ad infinitum? .

A collective epithet needs to be collective if it is to make sense. Half the proposed names represent one hybrid only with little prospect of many more in some cases. Tom Savige's logic is impeccable; his originality arbitrary and devious. Because crosses between C. saluenensis and C. japonica are called williamsii hybrids, all the other hybrids must be similarly christened. Then follows an arbitrary selection of personal names and type specimens of doubtful value and permanence, some of them positively designed to confuse. Borde Hill Hybrids is cited as 'already designated by a valid collective epithet'. Living in England I have never heard it applied to the one derivative of the cross in commerce, 'Salutation', nor do I remember seeing it in print. Borde Hill's fame is from 'Donation'. Lammertsii is a clonal name which, used also as an epithet, only confuses. Priority is not lightly awarded in the botanical world. It derives from a process of penetrating research and, once defined, is almost sacrosanct. I am sure that my friend, Dave Feathers, a stickler for correctness, would not want to usurp the place of the nurseryman Davies of Liverpool, a century ago, as the first hybridiser of C. reticulata x C. japonica.

Let us not regard the epithet C. x williamsii as a precedent to be followed blindly. Its acceptability derives from the greatness of J. C. Williams' achievement in showing the way into an era of hybridization. It is the hallmark of a pioneer not to be dimmed by ceaseless repetition.

56 Let us instead, as the International Registration Authority for Camellias, resolve that a formula which conveys meaning and information internationally is preferable to an epithet, the significance of which is liable to be understood only nationally. Latin is the international language used by botanists and, perforce, by gardeners for the naming of species, and the names are chosen to provide clues as to the origins or the morphology of the plants. Therefore, a formula which contains the names of both specific parents of a hybrid causes the reader immediately to see in his mind's eye a picture of each species, and alerts him to look for their characteristics. It gives him a concept of performance, even of hardiness, to work upon. The concept may not always tally with the reality as, for instance, in 'Tiny Princess' which reveals little of a legacy from C. japonica, but, at least, the reader will have followed a signpost on to the right trail. Tom Savige's alternative in this instance, Sawada Hybrids, is liable to mislead. Most people seeing the epithet will think immediately of that great and better-known camellia, 'Sawada's Dream', and wonder who has gone off the rails. At the present time the International Code of Nomenclature requires that the succeeding generations and backcrosses of an inter-specific hybrid shall be included under the same epithet or formula. However, the Code is not static. It is revised at short intervals. I suggest that the value of a formula could be enhanced by attaching a symbol, the number 2 for instance, to denote a f2 hybrid, thus conveying further vital information as simply as possible. The International Camellia Society is the Registration Authority for camellias. Do let us be responsible (and the word needs emphasis) for the use of formulae which are intelligible to camellia people the world over. Let us go one step further, and apply this rule with some strictness by trying to ensure, and insist, that the parents of an alleged hybrid are known and recorded, or, where mass pollination has been practised, that hybridity be proved by a chromosome count. I hope that in writing as I have done, I have made it clear that I am not attacking Tom Savige. I bow to none in my respect for him. But I have endeavoured to demolish his case for collective epithets, and to show that formulae are preferable. I have cited examples to illustrate the weaknesses of collective epithets, weaknesses which, in my view, are inherent in them all. This is a normal function of debate. One attacks a person's argument but not the person, however fierce the controversy!

QUEST FOR GOLD (continued from page 52) Upon arrival in Darjeeling it took the better part of two days to track down the remote Janak Nursery and purchase 10 of the yellow-flowered plants. These were carefully transported by car on a three-day journey to Calcutta, soaking the cultivars each night in the hotel bath tub! It then required three days of hard bargaining to obtain permission from the Indian Agricultural Authorities of the State of Bengal to ship the plants to Los Angeles. Five of the ten plants were shipped airmail in a bare-root condition, the only way it is possible to bring plants into the U.S.A. from India. The others were shipped to the U.S.A. Plant Quarantine Station at Glen Dale, Maryland. Most of the plants survive

57 ROOT-ROT OF CAMELLIAS (PHYTOPHTHORA CINNAMOMI)

DR JOHN PEDLER Adelaide, South Australia

Diseases and Pests of Ornamental Plants (P. P. Pirone, the Ronald Press Company of New York, 4th Edition) quotes the following fungus diseases affecting the genus Camellia: I. Glomerella Cingulata causing canker and die-back. 2. Scleretonia Camelliae causing petal blight. 3. Phytophthora Cinnamomi causing root-rot. We read a great deal about the deterioration of camellias due to the first two fungi, but nowhere have I found many references to the effects of Phytophthora Cinnamomi. Phytophthora root-rot is a world-wide disease which causes the death of many evergreen trees and shrubs.

Five Phytophthora species have been associated with Rhododendron Wilt, the root-rot disease of Rhododendrons and Azaleas. Some of these species are air-borne fungi, and can be relatively easily controlled with regular spray applications. P. Cinnamomi is strictly soil and water-borne. It is spread with infested soil on boots and implements and in water. P. Cinnamomi has a wide host range; over 4UU species of plants are known to be susceptible. It is found in the soil in all high rainfall areas of Australia. The Ericaceae family are very susceptible - this family includes Azaleas, Rhododendrons, Pieris, Kalmia, Ericas and many other shrubs and small trees, often evergreen, and usually alternate leaves without stipules. The Theaceae family including Camellias is also susceptible - another family with evergreen leaves. P. Cinnamomi is responsible for the die-back of jarrah (Eucalyptus Marginata) forests in Western Australia, where 200,000 acres have already been affected, and the disease is still spreading. It is also responsible for killing many native Australian shrubs and trees, and has been isolated from the soil of many areas of bushland throughout Australia. P. Cinnamomi affects and kills a number of commercial plants such as Avocado trees and pineapples in N.S.W. and Queensland, and is said also be kill peach trees in America. This fungus has been found widely in Victoria, and in South Australia it has become widely spread throughout our Hills areas, where rainfall is around 40 inches. It has caused the closure of one native plant nursery in this area, where many thousands of young plants have had to be destroyed. It has also been found in the Adelaide Botanic Gardens, and has been responsible for the death of many South African Ericas and Proteas in one of our satellite botanical gardens in the Adelaide Hills. It has caused the destruction of hundreds of plants in the Mt. Lofty Botanic Garden. Some nurseries in Adelaide have also become infested. The problem is thus a very serious one, and although Camellias are not widely reported as having been affected, I suspect that the death of several camellias in my Hills garden, and the sickly appearance, yellowing leaves, die-back of terminal branches and eventual death of others (also many of my Tasmanian blue-gums) has

58 probably been caused by this fungus. I am presently endeavouring to have the fungus isolated by the Senior Research Officer at the Adelaide Botanic Garden. Control of this disease is very difficult. Prevention therefore is of paramount importance. Strict sanitation and hygiene is necessary in the nursery, with sterilisation by steam of all soil used for potting. If the fungus is isolated in the ground, strict precautions are required to stop spread of infected soil, and water run-off from the area. A number of have been used in the control of the disease if it does become established in the soil. Dexon, Difolaton and Terrazole have been reported to control P. Cinnamomi, but so far none have proved completely effective. Our experience confirms this work. Recently a new Pyroxychlor (DOWCO 269) has been reported to effectively control the fungus in America. This fungicide has now become available in Australia, and is under trial with three native Australian plants known to be very susceptible - Dryandra formosa, Banksia baueri and Eucalyptus sieberi. So far, control has not been effective. Presently, drenching of the affected areas of soil with Formalin is being used, and containers which have been found to be infested can also be sterilised by this method. It is necessary to remove all infested and healthy plants from the area before attempting to use these drenching methods on soil areas. P. Cinnamomi (named originally because of its deadly effect on cinnamon trees) is therefore an extremely widespread pathogenic fungus capable of killing Ca!Jlellias in infested areas. However, the symptoms produced by P. Cinnamomi can also be caused in Camellias by many other means - poor drainage with wet roots is one such cause - and only an examination of the roots of dying plants by a plant pathologist 'can confirm the presence of P. Cinnamomi. It must be pointed out that finding P. Cinnamomi in the soil near the dying plants does not necessarily mean that this pathogen is the cause of the disease. Detecting the fungus on the roots of the plant is, however, a very suspicious finding. P. Cinnamomi is causing millions of dollars worth of damage to timber forests in Western Australia every year. Is it causing hundreds of dollars worth of damage to camellias? I would be interested to learn of any positive infestations found by camellia growers in Australia or other parts of the world, and I will be reporting further on the situation in my camellia garden in the Adelaide Hills.

VIA THE "BOTANieS" (continued from page 25)

, cuttings, tropical forests and green fields. We were at the pilot station at dawn and entered the first lock two hours later, and left the last lock at the Caribbean end about 3 p.m. A short call at Cristobal and then a day at sea before arriving at Curacao with its Dutch architecture, clean streets and unique language. After seven days crossing the Atlantic, we passed through the Straits of Gibraltar on 15 November, and that evening called briefly at Malaga where we just had time to send a suitcase of summer clothes to our home on the other side of Spain. We were due to arrive at Malta at 2 p.m. two days later, but did not arrive until it was dark. The next day my wife and I dist

59 APPUNTI PER UNA "STORIA DELLA CAMEllA IN ITALlA" TOM SAVIGE Wirlinga, N.S.W., Australia

In each issue of Notiziario della Societa ItaLiana della Camelia, the official publication of the Italian Camellia Society, is a section titled as above - (Brief Notes for a "History of the Camellia in Italy"). The issue of Anno XI Giugno 1975 n. 2 has one section in English and one in Italian. The Italian section has been translated by Augustin Ramirez. The stories deal with the early history of the camellia in Europe, and while they contain some errors - for example, the statement that 'Alba Plena' and 'Fimbriata' originated in Japan - they give some idea of the tremendous enthusiasm that existed for the flower in Italy from its earliest introduction. *** Brief notes for a "History of the Camellia in Italy": In these notes we publish foreign articles on the camellia, since foreign flowers helped the progress of the Italian camellia.. .

(a) From "History of European Botanical Discoveries" by E. Bretschweider, printed in 1898, we quote: "George Joseph Kamel, or latinized Camellus, a Jesuit father born in 1661 at Bruenn ain Moravia, entered the order in 1683 and proceeded to the Marianne Islands, thence to the Philippines. Having acquired some knowledge of botany and pharmacy, he opened at Manila a pharmaceutical shop for distributing medicines to the poor. Being interested in botany, he sent herbarium specimens and botanical drawings to Europe, partly to Ray and Petiver."

This short notice, found in A. de Backer's Biblioth~que des eerivains de La Compagnie de Jesus IV (1858-89), is all we know regarding Kamel's life. His scientific exertions appear in the SyllabUS Stirpium in InsuLa Luzone Philippinarum Nascentium a Rev Patre G. J. Camello Observatarum et Descriptarum etc. It forms the Appendix to the third volume of Ray's Historia PLantarum 1704. More than 90 drawings of the plants sent by Kamel were published by Petiver in his "GazophyLacium Naturae et Artis" 1702-1709. Among the Luzon plants specified by Kamel in the above article, there seem to occur many Chinese plants cultivated by the Chinese in that island, or found there also in a wild state. Of these, Kamel frequently gives the Chinese names, sometimes corrupted, and the latter may in some cases prove serviceable in recognising the plants intended. Martyn, in the 9th edition of Miller's Gardener's Dictionary, 1797, states that Linnaeus named the Genus Camellia in honour of the Jesuit G. J. Kamel or Camellus. Sir J. E. Smith in Rees' Cyclopaedia says the same. They may be right, although no corroboration of these statements is found in Linnaeus' writings. The name Camellia first appears in his Systema Naturae, 1735, without any explanation. J. Dryander, Linnaeus' countryman and contemporary in the Trans. Linn. Soc. 1, p. 172, note (1789) states: "In a letter by Kamel to Petiver, preserved in the British Museum, he signs himself 'Kamel'. The plant named for him ought therefore to be called 'Kamelia' instead of Camellia. The Abb~ Berlese, however, in his 'Monographie du genre Camelia', 1837, reports,

60 without giving the source of his information, that Linnaeus named the Genus Camellia in testimony of the exertions of the Jesuit Father Camelli, who in 1739 introduced the Camellia japonica from Japan to Europe. 1 Whether Berlhe's Camelli is identical with Kamel, and whether the latter had ever visited Japan, I am not prepared to s'!y. Poiret in Ene. Bot. VIII 749, asserts that Linnaeus named the genus Camellia in honour of the botanist Camelli, who at the end of the 17th century collected plants in America. 2 In Aiton's Hortus Kewensis, first ed. II, 460, we read that Camellia japonica was cultivated by Rob. James Lord Petre, before1739.3 (b) From "The Bulletin of the Royal Tuscan Society of Horticulture" - 1906, we quote: "Notes on the story of Camellia japonica L." Publications which promote love of nature, especially for the treasures of its flora, should also promote concern for such treasures. It was our primary desire before releasing these notes to study the content and objectives of such articles so as to ensure a correct account. After the brief article in the "Giornale d'Italia ", number 188, July 7, 1906, much has been said about the plant of the old Camellia japonica existing in the Caserta Park. However, there are some inaccuracies. Vannitelli started the construction of the gigantic Royal Castle of Caserta in 1752 by order of Carlo III. The magnificent park and the English garden annexe to the castle were cultivated later on by the German, Giovanni Andrea Graefer by order of Maria Carolina of Austria, then· Queen of the Two Sicilies. Maria Carolina, born August 13, 1752, daughter of the Emperor Francesco I and the great Maria Teresa, married King Ferdinando IV of Naples in 1768 and reigned until the intervention of the English in 1806. The story goes that Queen Maria Carolina was influenced by the well known Lady Hamilton, favourite at that time of Admiral Nelson. Caserta Park was started in 1782 with rare plants, and it is possible that the said Camellia is the oldest in Europe, but we cannot be completely certain because in France and Belgium, and especially in England and Germany, very old and large specimens of this marvellous oriental flower already existed. From our camellia at Caserta we developed many beautiful new varieties, and it was probably the first to produce fertile seeds in Europe. However, it would be wrong to assurrie that all the European Camellias originated in this park, or that the first camellia was imported here. Camellia japonica was imported to Europe directly from China before 1736, together with other plants, into the garden of Lord Robert James Petre of England. Soon after, it was found in the Kew Gardens and listed in Hortus Kewensis (1812) with ten added varieties that originated in China and Japan. In China, Camellia japonica was already cultivated while Europe was still barbarian. In Japan it. was used in holding the soil and sometimes for adulterating tea. Sir William Townsend Aiton in Vol. IV of his catalogue already had the following varieties: 4 Camelliafoliis actuis serratis acuminatis: a. single red Camellia or japon-rose. Curtis magaz. b. Semidouble red Camellia c. Double red Camellia d. Middemists, red Camellia e. Myrtle-leaved, red Camellia f. Anlmone-flowered Camellia g. Paeony-flowered Camellia h. Double-striped Camellia i. Blush Camellia k. Buff Camellia. 1. Double white Camellia.

61 Linneaus dedicated the Camellia to the Jesuit Father G. J. Camellus who collected plants in the Philippines circa 1639, that is nearly 100 years before the camellia was imported into Italy. There has been a great deal of discussion as to who imported the first live Camellia into Europe. However, Linnaeus was not the first one, in spite of his knowledge that the flowers existed only in China. Lord Petre, a friend of Lord Nelson, is probably the first one who had the camellia. Lord Nelson presented his friend Lady Hamilton with the camellia, and she introduced it into the Court at Naples, where she was influential. Queen Maria Carolina was very much hated by the people. Nevertheless, she had considerable love for flowers, and what better proof than the acquisition of the first Camellia for the new Versailles of Naples. Furthermore, England had vested interests in continuing friendship with the Queen, who dominated the weak King, her husband, and what more beautiful and natural thing could be found to please the most innocent and whimsical wishes of the Head of the State of the Two Sicilies, than the Camellia.

Recapitulating; Linnaeus is the author of the plant; Father Camellus gave it his name; Lord Petre brought it alive to England, from where plants were taken to Lord Nelson or his dependents, and it is in this way that we Italians are proud to have one of the oldest and original Camellia japonica at Caserta. Unfortunately Caserta Park no longer reflects its former glorious days, as it is in a state of neglect and dilapidation.

If in 1739 Lord Robert James Petre cultivated Camellia japonica and some varieties of it,e:g. 'semiplena rosea' - how could we affirm that all the camellias presently found in the gardens of continental Europe originated from our revered camellia of Caserta? The camellia produces its seeds rather easily.

I remember when I was an apprentice in a Royal German garden, there was a cool place exclusively dedicated to the cultivation of the camellia, and where very strong specimens of the flower existed. Each and every year they matured, not only of the single variety but also doubles like 'Chandleri elegans' and 'Paeoniflora'. The camellia was always ready to produce and create new forms easily enough, which we can be sure to find in every area where we reproduced the parent plant.

I believe that if the seeds of the Rose of Japan would mature to their purest form, then would be created the purest white. We know that the Chinese cultivated the camellias long before us, and we also know the origin of our European camellias, and that these carry not only the blood of the Camellia japonica but other species that were non-existent in Italy. How can we Italians possibly convince ourselves that we had the parent plant of all the varieties of camellias cultivated in Caserta Park? In the veins of the camellias of our gardens there is a great deal of blood of the beautiful Camellia sasanqua Thumb, native of Japan and China; and also blood of the beautifulC. hongkongensis, Seem. from China; and from'the Camellia reticulata, Lindl. from China. 5 It would be most unlikely that all these species could be found in the gardens of Italy.

Japan has two truly native species: C. japonica and the sasanqua. In China there are eleven species:

62 Camellia assimilis, Cham, Hong Kong Camellia drupifera, Lour. Burma-China Camellia Edithae, Hance. China Camellia euryoides, Lind!. Camellia fraterna, Hance. Camellia Grijsii, Hance. Camellia hongkongensis, Seem. China. Camellia reticulata, Lind!. China Camellia rosaeflora, Hook. Camellia salicifolia, Thumb. China Camellia Thea, Link. China

Other known subspecies are: Camellia caudata, Wall. Himalaya Camellia grandiflora, Forsk. Arabia Camellia Kaempferia, Reb. Unknown country Camellia lanceolata, Seem. Malaya Camellia lutescens, Dyer. Himalaya Camellia Quinosaura, Seem. Java

All of the above were already present in the Kew Gardens in 1812, or earlier, together with those already cultivated by Lord Petre in 1739, which indicates that the Camellia of Caserta could not be the origin of all of the varieties.

This camellia is the parent plant of a beautiful arborescent bush eight metres high, and well furnished, which flourishes each year producing fertile seeds. However, this camellia was not the most beautiful found in the gardens of the land .. Stronger and more robust camellias are found at the Franzosini ad Intra Park, Isola Madre, Lake Maggiore, mainly due to the fertility of the soil and the climate. At Caserta the soil is hard and the climate is dry, particularly in the Summer.

It is generally known that the most splendid varieties were imported from China and Japan. The physician and traveller Engelbert Kaempfer was in China and Japan circa 1690-93, that is why he brought along many plants from Japan, notable among them the camellia. This fact could be found in the "/cones selectae plantarum quas in Japonica collegit" - London, 1791. 6 Edited by Banks (very rare and not available to me). Fr von Siebold could have introduced many varieties of the camellia directly into Europe after his return from Japan (re "Synopsis Plantarum" - 1827 and "Flora Japonica" 1835-44). It is well .known that the splendid C. j. 'Alba Plena' and the even more beautiful 'Fimbriata' were introduced to us (Italians) directly from Japan.' The varieties 'Alba Plena' and 'Fimbria\ta' could be of a hybrid character; their stature, narrowness of their leaves ~nd other particulars indicate the influence of the C. sasanqua. I \

In 1739, a few years after Lord Petre had brought the camellia into England, the Empress (Czarina) Anna of Russia presented a plant of the flower to Prince Federico Augusto II of Saxony. This plant can be found in the Royal Gardens of Pilnitz, near Dresden, Capital of Saxony. In 1904, it was a most impressive tree, measuring eight metres in height and in full flower. During winter it was kept in a shelter of wood and glass where the air could be heated. At the beginning of

63 1905 the shelter caught fire during a very cold winter and the magnificent tree suffered a great deal of damage, firstly from the fire and secondly from the cold. Nevertheless, the tree was saved, but severely reduced in size. This particular tree was King George's favourite and each year was visited by thousands of foreigners; it was the most colossal camellia in continental Europe. In fact, the cultivation of the camellia was and is today, one of the main plants grown in Saxony, and also in the neighbouring Bohemia. The Czarina, Anna of Russia, had many camellia plants before they appeared in England. It is possible that the Czarina, Caterina I, also had camellia plants.

C. Sprenger ***

Comments by Tom Savige of Australia: 1. There is no evidence that Kamel ever went to Japan, or that he was familiar with any form of camellia, as there are no records of examples from this genus in the herbarium specimens or drawings sent to Ray and Petiver. Kamel died in Manila in 1706, so could hardly have sent a plant to Europe in 1737.

2. This also is incorrect as Kamel did not visit America. His ambit of operations was almost entirely the Philippines. 3. The origin of Lord Petre's camellia is not clear, but is thought to have originated from an early attempt to import the tea plant (Camellia sinensis). 4. From Sweet's Hortus Britannicus (1826) the names of these first II varieties introduced into England can be established as follows. Many are still grown and well known. All are Chinese introductions, as Japan was not open to Western trade or visitors at this time.

Name Date Imported Publication (a) Rubra 1739 Curtis Botanical Magazine 1788 (b) Semi-duplex 1806 Andrews Botanical Repository 1810 (c) Rubra Plena 1794 Andrews Botanical Repository 1802 (d) Camea 1808 Loddiges Botanical Cabinet 1820 (e) Myrtifolia 1808 Curtis Botanical Magazine 1814 (f) Anemoneflora 1806 Curtis Botanical Magazine 1814 (g) Paeonaeflora 1810 Loddiges Botanical Cabinet 1818 (h) Variegata 1793 Andrews Botanical Repository 1799 (i) Pomponia 1810 Botanical Register 1815 (k) Incamata 1806 Andrews Botanical Repository 1812 (I) Alba Plena 1793 Andrews Botanical Repository 1797 5. There is no evidence to support this contention, rather the contrary.

6. While Kaempfer wrote about and illustrated both C. japonica and C. sasanqua and the herbaria material he collected still exists in the Uppsala University, there is no evidence that he imported living camellia plants into Europe. 7. Both 'Alba Plena' and 'Fimbriata' are Chinese varieties, and unknown in Japan until recently. 'Alba Plena' was originally brought to England by Captain Connor of the East Indiaman "Camatic" in 1793 (vide Andrew's Botanical Repository Vol. I, 1797). According to Joseph Paxton, 'Fimbriata' (a sport of 'Alba Plena') was first introduced into England in 1816.

64 The Life Cycle of a Camellia DR PETER VALDER School of BiologJcal Sciences, University of Sydney, Australia

1. THE LIFE CYCLE AS IT OCCURS IN NATURE Many enthusiasts have carried a camellia through its complete life cycle from pollination, through seed setting, harvest, and germination, back to flowering. Since not everyone has a really clear idea of what has happened, let us start by taking a close look at that most complex of organs, the flower. The flower, like the rest of the plant, is made up of a large number of cells, each of which contains a nucleus, which in turn contains a number of chromosomes on which occur the genes, which determine every characteristic exhibited by the plant. The chromosome compliment of each nucleus is made up of two sets, identical in appearance but differing in genetic make-up, one of which has come from the pollen-parent and one from the seed parent. In each nucleus an exact copy is made of every chromosome, so that, when the nucleus divides, the group of chromosomes in each new cell is an exact replica of that which was present in the original cell before it divided. Thus in every cell the complete genetic make-up of the plant is recorded on an identical set of chromosomes. It is because of this that botanists have been able to take a single cell from a plant and produce from it a complete plant, identical with that from which it was taken. We do the same sort of thing on a much less sophisticated scale when we progagate plants vegetatively. Mercifully, biologists have not yet succeeded in doing the same with human cells, or we might all be competing with younger but otherwise identical versions of ourselves. The number of chromosomes in each nucleus of aparticular organism is known, not surprisingly, as its chromosome number. For instance our chromosome number is 46, made up of a set of 23 from each parent. Most camellias have a chromosome number of 30, made up of a set of 15 from each parent. Some camellias have more than two sets of chromosomes. Those with 60 have four sets, each parent contributing two, and those with 90 have six sets, each parent contributing three. Occasionally camellias are found with 45 chromosomes, and it is thought that these plants arose from crosses between parents with 60 and 30 chromosomes respectively, the former contributing two sets and the latter one. Plants with three sets, or any other odd number, are usually sterile, since the chromosomes cannot divide into two equal groups. This is the most common reason for sterility in hybrid camellias arising from crosses between parents with different chromosome numbers. Now in the flowers there are some special cells in the young anthers and ovules which undergo a special sort of cell division. In the anthers, each of these cells divides into four, but each of these four cells gets only one chromosome of each type, a single set of 15 in most camellias. These cells are the pollen grains. Likewise in the ovules there are also special cells which divide into four. Unlike the anthers in which there are lots of such cells, each ovule has only one and, afterit divides into four, only one cell survives. This then divides to form a group of cells called the embryo sac, one of the cells of which becomes the egg cell with a single set of 15 chromosomes. For further development to take place there must next be fertilisation, which can only take place if it is preceded by another event, pollination, the transfer of pollen from the anthers to the stigma.

65 Most camellias are pollinated by insects· or birds, which are attracted to the flowers by their appearance and, in some cases, scent, their reward being a meal of pollen. The anthers of camellias open by means of slits along their sides, and it is from these that the pollen is shed. When an insect or bird touches the anther, it picks up pollen and then may move off to another flower, perhaps on another plant, and some of the pollen may be wiped off onto the stigma. The mature stigma bears small projections which trap the pollen grains. The stigma then provides them with moisture and food materials for their further development. Also, if experience with other plants is any guide, it will probably be found that it inhibits the further development of pollen grains of most plants other than camellias. After the camellia pollen grain has been deposited on the stigma it commences further development. Each pollen grain has a conspicuous pore or pores in its wall and through one of these a tube develops which then grows into the tissue of the stigma, down the style, and into the ovule, where it discharges two nuclei into the embryo sac. One of these nuclei fuses with the nucleus of the egg cell to produce a cell with two sets (30) of chromosomes once more. This cell commences dividing and develops into the embryo of the next generation and the tissues surrounding it also develop further, the whole thing becoming the seed. Fertilisation also triggers off the further development of the ovary which enlarges, as the seeds develop, becoming a fruit of the type known as a capsule. As the seed matures the embryo ceases development and becomes dormant. At this stage, however, there has already been considerable differenti~tion. The embryonic stem bears at its base an embryonic root, the radicle, and at Its apex an embryonic growth bud, which will develop into the shoot. On either side of this are two seed leaves, the cotyledons, in which is stored sufficient food to enable the seedling to establish itself and commence manufacturing its own food. The seeds fall when the capsules open, and may roll or bounce some distance from the parent tree. These seeds have no obvious dispersal mechanism but, being large and rich in food materials, it is possible that they could be carried away by animals. If the seed falls in a suitable place, it will germinate, sooner or later, when conditions of temperature and moisture are satisfactory. The seed absorbs moisture and the cells of the embryo commence dividing once more, the embryo continuing its development with the aid of the food materials stored in the cotyledons. A root emerges from the seed and grows down into the soil, and the young stem grows up into the air. The young seedling then becomes independent, its root system absorbing water and dissolved substances from the soil, and the shoot absorbing carbon dioxide and light energy. It then grows on and eventually flowers, the cycle being repeated. Seed production ensures dispersal, continuity of the species in time and variability, since each seedling has a different compliment of genes received fro~ the pollen nucleus and egg cell from which it developed. The development of the seedling is, of course, influenced by many environmental factors. Since gardeners are likely to provide adequate moisture and nutrients and some protection from diseases, pests and other adversities, the factors which will be considered here are day length and temperature. .. In temperate climates most camellias grow and produce flower buds when exposed. to the long days and high temperatures of summer. The flower buds appear to be terrmnal or lateral on the current year's shoots but actually form in the axils of the bracts of the buds which will produce the following season's growth. Light intensity is also important as flower buds will not form if it is low. As the days shorten and temperatures fall the plants, apart from the flower buds, become dormant. The onset of short days and low temperatures, however, induces the opening of the flower buds. Then, with the rising temperatures and increasing daylength of spring the dormancy of the shoot buds is broken and growth recommences. Thus the respon~es of the plant

66 to temperature and daylength ensure that it does not produce soft growth at a -time when it might be injured by frost. The response of camellias to daylength, however, appears to be less clearly defined than it is with many other plants. There is another feature of the behaviour of camellia plants which seems worthy of mention. As happens with most plants, the roots of camellias enter into complex relationships with fungi. The absorbing organs of the plants are thus not just roots, but roots invaded by a fungus. When such an association appears to benefit both partners we call it a symbiosis, and the symbiotic association between a root and a fungus is called a mycorrhiza. The type of mycorrhizal association into which camellias enter is called vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza. It has been shown that, while the fungus is parasitic on the plant, the disadvantages of this are far outweighed by the increased efficiency of the mycorrhizal roots in the taking up of minerals, particularly phosphorus. It is probable that plants growing under natural conditions in poor soils would be unable to survive were it not for these mycorrhizal associations. In cultivation, however, the plants will grow perfectly satisfactorily without the fungus, provided they are given adequate mineral nutrients. The root systems of camellias are similar to those of most trees and shrubs. They grow through the soil as a result of the elongation brpught about by the rapid division of a group of cells at the tip. These cells divide to produce the root cells on one side and the root-cap cells on the other. The root cap cells are loose and easily pushed off and, being continuously replenished, they protect the root tip from injury as it pushes through the soil. In transverse section it can be seen that each root has a layer of large cells surrounding a central core of conducting tissue. The fungus grows into the outer layers but does not penetrate the conducting tissue..

2. SOME PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR HYBRIDIZERS AND SEEDLING-RAISERS For those interested in raising species or hybrids from seed, a detailed knowledge of the growth and reproduction of camellias can be of considerable use. Some of the practical aspects are examined below.

(a) Emasculation Because of the strong tendency for cross-pollination to occur, open-pollinated seed is notoriously unreliable except from plants growing in the wild or which flower at a time when there is nothing else for them to be crossed with. Hence, under garden conditions hand pollination is essential, and even this must be combined with measures which render cross-pollination impossible. Firstly, if a cross is to be attempted, all the anthers must be removed from the flowers of the seed parent before the buds open, preferably well before if you wish to avoid self-pollination, since in many species and hybrids the pollen is mature and can be dislodged before the flowers open. It is usually easiest to remove most of the corolla with scissors and then cut off the anthers.

(b) Pollination Many authorities say that following the removal of the anthers, the flowers should then be covered with a bag and left till the stigmas mature before pollination is carried out. It is certainly easy to get the pollen to stick on if this is done but it is much less fuss to carry out the emasculation, pollination, bagging and labelling as part of the one operation. The proportion of "takes" following pollination at this time is probably no less than when it is carried out later when the stigmas have matured. If it proves too difficult to attach a mass of pollen to an immature stigma, it can be wetted with a drop of water, or even better, a 10% sugar solution (two ounces in one pint of

67 water). Under laboratory conditions camellia pollen has been shown to germinate and grow in such a solution. However, with a little practice, it should not be necessary to have to resort to such devices. The easiest way to pollinate a stigma is to hold an anther by the filament and touch the pollen against the stigma. The use of camel-hair brushes, or forceps, is finicky and they have to be sterilised between each use if contamination with unwanted pollen is to be avoided. The hands, of course, should always be thoroughly washed if there is any chance of their carrying unwanted pollen. It should always be remembered that pollen should be taken from unopened flowers only, as otherwise one cannot be certain that it has not become mixed with pollen from other flowers. Following pollination the flowers should be enclosed in a bag, and left till. the stigmas wither and are no longer receptive. Brown paper bags are the best. They shade the· flowers and allow movement of moisture and gases in and out. PI~stic, cellophane, or waxed paper bags are much less satisfactory. They retain moisture, which encourages the development of moulds, and, if sunlight strikes them,,' the flowers heat up and may well be injured, since they are in a water satUI:ated atmosphere and are not cooled by evaporation from their surfaces as they would otherwise be. . Failure to emasculate properly, to bag the flowers, and to take pollen only -trom unopened flowers are undoubtedly the factors responsible for some of. the unlikely-sounding parentages recorded for some hybrid camellias. .

(c) Pollen Storage Sometimes the most desirable crosses turn out to be those between species or cultivars which do not flower at the same time, or in which there is no overlap between the opening of the last flowers of one and the first of the other. This problem can easily be overcome by storing pollen, which keeps quite well in a dry atmosphere, and will remain viable for quite long periods, at least six months, if kept in a refrigerator. There is little doubt that pollen collected in the northern hemisphere in March could be used to pollinate flowers in the southern hemisphere in the following August.

If anthers arecollected from flowers about to open and laid out ina matchbox or some other small container and placed in the: refrigerator with one end of the box slightly open, they will dry out and the pollen will remain viable for a couple of months at least, which is all most people want. The more sophisticated may wish to store their pollen in gelatin capsules over silica gel in a sealed container, although for most purposes this is an unnecessary refinement. However it is quite easy to do. The anthers are placed in gelatin capsules, or folded in pieces of paper, which are just as good, and placed in a jar with some silica gel. The silica gel should be blue (if it is pink, heat it in the oven until it goes blue) 'and',can be kept in place in the bottom of the jar and with a layer of cotton wool. The jar should by tightly sealed to exclude moisture. If the gel starts to go pink it should be replaced or reheated at one.e.

The only alternative to pollen storage is a retardation or advancement of the flowering time of one or other of the proposed parents. This, of course, is much more bother and is unnecessary. Ordinarily it doesn't matter which of the parents is the seed parent as, in spite of the claims of some, geneticists are of the opinion that the progeny will be similar either way. However, if a cross is found not to take, it is always worth trying the reverse cross, as this may overcome compatibility problems.

(d) Seed Harvesting "In autumn, at the first sign of the capsules splitting, they should be carefully harvested and stored in a cool, dry place, etc., etc.," say many authorities, and good

68 advice it is too. Then when the capsules have dried out fully and split open, the seed can be taken out. The impatient camellia breeder, however, may wish to be a bit more reckless. If the capsules are picked a month, or even more, before they are expected to mature and allowed to dry out, they can be broken open (they don't always split if picked green) and viable seeds obtained. These may look rather pale compared with those from mature capsules but, if they are sown at once, they germinate and a new generation gets under way earlier than would otherwise be possible.

It may be that these immature seeds do. not keep as long as those from ripe capsules, but then they wouldn't have been harvested early if they weren't going to be sown at once.

(e) Seed Raising As everyone knows, seeds need moisture, air and warmth, to germinate, and they won't get far after that if there isn't some light as well. An open with good water-retaining ability, such as equal parts of peat and sand, is the best and seeds should be planted a little below the surface. They will germinate most rapidly at about 25°C but, even where this cannot be provided, it is probably best to plant them as soon as they are ripe. One reads a lot about germinating seeds in jars in cellars, removing them as they germinate, pinching off the end of the tap root to encourage branching, then potting them up. This obviously works but so does the simpler process of putting them straight in a pot, then separating them when they are a few inches high. As one might expect they don't seem to suffer any disadvantage if the tap root is left alone. The pots can be watered with a soluble fertilizer, such as aquasol, every three or four weeks.

(1) Supplementary Light Unless you live in a frost-free climate or have a glasshouse or growth room, it is not worth worrying about artifical light of any sort. However, if temperatures remain high enough for growth to take place throughout the year, supplementary light may enable the seedlings to keep growing continuously. Otherwise, as the days shorten and temperatures begin to fall at the end of their first season, they will become dormant. The response of plants to day-length is in fact very largely a response to night-length. As the nights lengthen the plant becomes dormant. By lighting the plants for a short period in the middle of the night, the dark period is divided into two short "nights" and no dormancy occurs. The plants just keep on growing, provided temperatures are high enough. The intensity of light needed is very small, and, since the wavelengths required to affect the lay-length response are at the red end of the spectrum ordinary incandescent light bulbs are as good as anything. Without acquiring any complex apparatus, the desired effect can be achieved by hanging a bulb above the seedlings and leaving it on all night, or, more simply, all the time. The ordinary daylight provides the plants with the energy they need for growth and the light bulb stops them becoming dormant. Sooner or later the plants will have to be transferred to the natural seasonal regime, and this should be done in late spring or summer so that the plants can adjust before the days shorten. Then they will become dormant in the usual manner in the autumn. However as a result of the early seed harvest and treatment with supplementary light, the seedlings should be pleasingly large eighteen months after pollination.

69 TREASURER'S REPORT

To the President:

Dear Professor Waterhouse, Pursuant to earlier discussions on the Society's financial affairs, I now set out the developments over the last twelve months or so, as I know you will be wishing to pass the information on to members.

The global nature of our organisation makes it inevitable that at any point in time, the Society's funds tend to be scattered. Funds first come to the very important Membership Representatives in the various regions, and from time to time they remit these funds to the Treasurer, sometimes first deducting locally-incurred expenses. However, the differing official monetary requirements in various countries preclude uniform remittance procedures. Additionally, you will recall that in June 1975, when the Treasurer's banking facilities were still in England, it became necessary to effect a preliminary and partial transfer of credit funds from England to Australia to enable your executive to carry on the Society's affairs, and move towards publication of the 1975 Journal. By early 1976, our U.K. Membership Representative had satisfied Bank of England requirements, and was able to transfer the remaining credit balance to the Treasurer. We were then able to gather together our English and Australian balances, along with other income which had commenced to come to us. This established the opening figures for the accounts set up here. All of this will enable us to have a proper accounting and audit for the period to end of 31st December, 1976 and also allows us to show how matters stood at 31st March, 1976, the closing date of the Society'S most recent year.

The position at June, 1975

The English bank statements show that in June 1975, the credit balance was some E£4,229.1O It was at that time that E£I,772.76 of that balance was transferred to Australia to open an account of A$3,OOO for the Society executive to utilize as working funds, with 1975 Journal production-costs imminent. In the event, these Journal costs were A$2,712.70, and that amount was offset to a minor extent by some membership and advertising income, as well as Australian bank interest.

The position on 19th February, 1976

The amount available at the English bank for final transfer to Australia was E£2,431.25, which converted to an Australian equivalent of $3,887.57. This, together with the remaining funds already in Australia - $402.59, constituted an opening figure for the accounts here of A$4,290.16.

70 The position at 31st March, 1976

By 31st March, remittances from Representatives and advertisers ($667.57 in all) less general printing and postage outlays ($149.72), left the books with a credit balance of $4,808.01 with all costs of the 1975 Journal and other liabilities cleared.

The current position Outlays in the connection with the Mid-year Newsletter have been paid and mos.t Membership· Representatives have now sent us membership advices and relative remittances up to 31st August. The interim situation today and on the eve of embarking on production of the 1976 Journal is:

Opening balances 19/2/76 Membership subscriptions received (after deduction of Representatives' local expenses) expressed in Australian currency Advertising revenue Bank interest

Less Payments Out (general printing, postage and Newsletter costs)

Which are represented by Current bank and local imprest accounts Bank Deposit account (subject to one month's call) Depbsited in U.S.A. U.S.$130 Held in New Zealand awaiting remittance, approx. N.Z.$300

The Society's finances will continue to require the closest supervision in this time of relentless increases in costs; and the weakening trends in the currencies of several countries are adding to our problems. However, the information given above should confirm to members that the overall funds position has been well maintained. This has been in a year during which the Society embarked on the expense of an additional mid-year communication to its members. It should be added that the outgoings included some items which could be deemed non-recurring. Further moderate outlays of a similar character are now being incurred in the establishment of proper addressing facilities by recording our membership particulars on multigraph.

J. E. ALPEN F.A.S.A., F.Aust.I.M. 31 August, 1976

71 By-Laws of the International Camellia Society as at 30 September, 1976 and incorporating amendments by the Directors since November 1974 in accordance with Clause 7 of The Constitution of The International Camellia Society

ARTICLE 1 - MEMBERS, MEMBERSHIP AND FEES:

A. There shall be the following classes of members of the Society.

1. REGULAR MEMBERS. Persons who are interested in the purposes of the Society and who shall make an annual contribution to the Society, such contribution to be determined by the Directors from time to time.

2. LIFE MEMBERS. Persons who desire to contribute a sum equal to at least twenty times the current annual subscription, in lieu of any annual contributions. 3. HONORARY MEMBERS. The Board of Directors, in its sole discretion, may bestow this title on any person who has furthered the purposes of this Society in some outstanding manner. Such Honorary Member shall be relieved of any requirement to make any monetary contribution to the Society. B. RIGHTS OF MEMBERS.

1. Each member of the Society shall be entitled to cast one vote for the election of Directors and other officials in the manner hereinafter prescribed. 2. Each member shall be entitled to attend and participate in any annual or other meeting of the membership as may be called by the Directors.

ARTICLE 11-· DIRECTORS: A. NUMBER. 1. Apart from the duly elected Officers, who shall be ex-officio members of the Board, having the same powers, voting rights and responsibilities as other members of the Board, members shall elect Directors in accord with the following Regional representation: United Kingdom 3 Italy 1 America 3 France 1 Australia 2 New Zealand 1 Japanffaiwan 2 SpainlPortugal 1 Africa 1 Other Regions 2 (different regions)

2. The number of the Board of Directors may be increased or decreased within the limits of the charter by majority vote of the Board of Directors. B. TERM.

1. The term of office of a member of the Board shall be two years or thereafter until a successor has been elected.

72 2. No member of the Board of Directors other than Officers may serve for more than three consecutive terms of office. The time that Officers serve as ex-officio Directors shall not be counted in computing length of time of service on the Board.

3. If any member of the Board dies, resigns or for other reasons ceases to be a member, the vacancy shall be filled by the remaining members of the Board for the unexpired term.

C. POWER OF BOARD. I. The Board of Directors shall regulate and supervise the management and operation of the Society. It shall attend to and manage all of the affairs of the Society, shall make such arrangements for carrying On the business of the Society as it deems best, and in addition to the powers by these By-Laws expressly conferred upon the Board, it may exercise all of the powers of the Corporate Society and do all such lawful acts and things as are not by statute or by the charter or by these By-Laws required to be exercised or done by the members. 2. A majority vote of the Board of Directors shall constitute a decision of the Board. 3. Because'~f the International aspect of the Society it is contemplated that practically all of the affairs of the Society shall be conducted by mail. Board of Directors meetings and decisions necessarily will have to be conducted by mail and the Board is hereby expressly authorized to promulgate such rules of procedure for presentation of policy and voting thereon as it deems expedient.

ARTICLE III - PLACES OF BUSINESS. MEETINGS OF MEMBERS: A. The Society may have as many places of business and in such locations as its Board of Directors deem required.

B. It is not expected that it will be possible for members from every part of the world to gather at an Annual Meeting, but there may be periodical Regional Meetings of the Society, the time and place of such Regional Meetings to be fixed and notified to the President, the Secretary, and to all members resident in the region by the Regional Director or Directors.

ARTICLE IV - OFFICERS: A. The Officers of the Society shall be a Patron, a President, three Vice-Presidents, an Editor, a Secretary and a Treasurer. From time to time the Board may create such other offices as it may deem necessary. B. The President and Vice-Presidents of the Society shall be from members of the Society, and shall be elected by the members every two years. Vacancies may be filled or new offices created and filled at any meeting of the Board. Each Officer shall hold office until his successor shall have been duly elected and shall have qualified. C. The Secretary, Treasurer, Editor and Officers other than the President and Vice-Presidents shall be appointed by the Board of Directors, and shall serve for such length of time as the Board of Directors determines.

D. The duties of the Officers shall be such as usually attach to such offices, and in addition thereto, such further duties as may be designated or delegated to them from time to time by the Board. The Board of Directors shall be authorized to prescribe the amount of compensation for any Officer, or employee of the Society.

73 AR1"ICLE V _0 COMMITTEES: The Board'of Directors may delegate such of its powers as deemed required to Officers of the Society or to any committee it may see fit to create.

ARTICLE VI: The Board shall promulgate such rules as may be deemed proper to permit this Society to affiliate with other Horticultural Societies, or other societies to affiliate with this Society.

ARTICLE VII - CONTRACTS, CHEQUES, DEPOSITS AND FUNDS: CONTRACTS: The Board of Directors may authorize any Officer or Officers, agent or agents of the Corporate Society, to enter into any contract or execute and deliver any instrument in the name of and on behalf of the Corporate Society and such authority may be general or confined to specific instances. B. CHEQUES, DRAFTS, etc: All cheques, drafts and other orders for the payment of money, notes or other evidences of indebtedness issued in the name of the Corporate Society, shall be signed by such Officer or Officers, agent or agents of the Corporate Society and in such manner as shall from time to time be determined by resolution of the Board of Directors. C. DEPOSITS: All funds of the Corporate Society shall be deposited to the credit of the Corporate Society in such banks, trust companies or other depositaries as the Board of Directors may select. D. GIFTS: The Board of Directors may accept on behalf of the Corporate Society any contribution, gift, bequest or devise for the general purpose or for any special purpose of the Corporate Society.

ARTICLE VIII - BOOKS AND RECORDS: The Corporate Society shall keep correct and complete books and records of account and shall also keep minutes of the proceedings of its members and Board of Directors, and shall keep at the registered or principal office a recon;l giving the names and addresses of the members. All books and records of the Corporate Society may be inspected by any member, or his agent, or attorney for any proper purpose at any reasonable time.

ARTICLE IX: These By-Laws may be altered, amended or repealed and new By-Laws may be adopted by the members at an annual meeting or by a majority vote of the Board of Directors provided that at least thirty (30) days written notice is given to each member of the Board of the intention to alter, amend, or repeal or to adopt the new By-Laws at such meeting.

74 MEMBERS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CAMELLIA SOCIETY as reported to the Editor at 30 September, 1976

We apologise for any omiSSIOns or errors. Please draw these to the attention of your 'Life Members Regional Membership Representatives (see back cover) when forwarding your 1977 subscription. ARGENTINA CASTRO, Pedros, Guiller~o Gerardo, Pasaje Tacuara No. 1456, Buenos Aires, Sue. 7.

AUSTRALIA ADELAIDE BOTANIC GARDENS, The Librarian, North Terrace, Adelaide, S.A. 5000. ADELAIDE HILLS BRANCH, A.C.R.S., Hon. Sec. Stan Loader, 7 Leamington Road, Aldgate, S.A. 5154.. ALPEN, J. E., 24 Day Road, Cheltenham, N.S.W. 2119. ARMATI, Peter McLean, 6 Highlands Avenue, Gordon, N.S.W. 2069. ASTLE, Fred; 56 St. George·'s Crescent, Faulconbridge, N.S.W. 2776. ATKINSON, T. A., 6 Lansell Crescent, Camberwell, Vic. 3124. AUSTRALIAN CAMELLIA RESEARCH SOCIETY, C/- Librarian, 9 Pindari Avenue, St. Ives, N.S.W. 2075. BAKER, S. H., 6 St. Johns Avenue, Renown Park, S.A. 5008. BEATTIE, Sir Alexander, 54 Burns Road, Wahroonga, N.S.W. 2076. BELL, Mrs. Patricia, 23 Scott Street, Croydon, N.S.W.2132. BERRIE, Mrs. Pat, 14 Hamilton Parade, Pymble, N.S.W. 2073. BLACK, Mrs. Dorothy, 35 Stevens Street, Pennant Hills, N.S.W. 2120. BLACKWELL, Miss Frances, Geelans Road, Arcadia, N.S.W. 2159. BLUE MOUNTAINS Gardens Beautification Group, C/- Stanley Wright, 51 Raymond Rd., Springwood, N.S.W. 2777. BLUMENTHAL, Mrs. Beryl, 3 Pindari Avenue, St. Ives, N.S.W. 2075. BLUMENTHAL, Cecil B. D., 3 Pindari Avenue, St. Ives, N.S.W. 2075. BOOTH, Miss I. 0., 21 Orrong Crescent, Caulfield, Vic. 3161. BRAY, Mrs. Thelma, 9 Wyalong St., Willoughby, N.S.W. 2068. BRITTAIN, Mrs. S. J., 20 Beagle Street, Red Hill, A.C.T. 2603. BRYANT, Bowen B., 21 Water Street, Wahroonga, N.S.W. 2076. BULL, Miss B., Wembley Cottage, 301 High Street, Chatswood, N.S.W. 2067. BUTLER, Arthur, The Farm, Smalls Road, Arcadia, N.S.W. 2159. CAMPBELL, A. E., 3 Horace Street, St. Ives, N.S.W. 2075. CARTER, Chas H., 14 Bent Street, Lindfield, N.S.W. 2070. CASSIDY, Lady, 3/2 Aston Gardens, Bellevue Hill,N.S.W. 2033. CHETTLE, Mrs. W., 4 Exeter Road, Aldgate, S.A. 5154. CHURCHLAND, Harry, 32 Darnley Street, Gordon, N.S.W: 2072. CLARK, Steve, Camellia Grove Nursery, Mona Vale Road, St. Ives, N.S.W. 2075. COLEMAN, Mrs. D. F., 21 Glenview Crescent, Hunters Hills, N.S.W. 2110. CRAIG, Eric D., 4 Lowther Park Avenue, Warrawee, N.S.W. 2074. CRAIG, Dr. J.E., 75 New South Head Road, , N.S.W. 2030. CRONIN, C. F., 73 King Street, Queenscliff, Vic. 3225 . . DALY, G. B., 18 Bent Street, Lindfield, N.S.W. 2070. DAVIS, G. R., 31 Renown Street, Five Dock, N.S.W. 2046. DAVIS, Mrs. Mary, 31 Renown Street, Five Dock, N.S.W. 2046. DEAN, Mrs. H., The Pines, 6 Kent Road, Aldgate, S.A. 5154. DETTMANN, Miss E. B., 4/35 Richmond Avenue, Dee Why, N:S.W. 2099. DETTMANN, J. F., 11 Stuart Street, Longueville, N.S.W. 2066. DETTMANN, H. K. C., 89 Ada Avenue, Wahroonga, N.S.W. 2076. DUGGAN, Mrs. Freda, Menindee, Shirley Street, Glebe, N.S.W., 2037. 'DULY, Peter L., 6A Buckingham Street, Killara, N.S.W. 2071.

75 ELLIOTT, C. L., 94 Smart Road, Modbury, S.A. 5092. ELLIOTT, Prof. John, 6 Fisher Avenue, Sandy Bay, Hobart, Tas. 7005. EMMERSON, R. J., Inlet Road, Leongatha South, Vic. 3953. ESDAILE, Mrs. Edith, 55 Warrigal Road, Turramurra, N.S.W. 2074. FISHER, J. R., Farcry, Church Lane, Mount Wilson, N.S.W. 2740. FRANCIS, David, "Karrimah", Taylor's Road, Mount Macedon, Vic. 3441. FULTON, Dr. M., John James Hospital, Strickland Cres., Deakin, A.C.T. 2600. GEELAN, Mrs. E., Geelans Road, Arcadia, N.S.W. 2159. GOONAN, P. T., 5 Cotswold Road, Strathfield, N.S.W. 2135. GOULDING, P. D., 7/4 Durham Close, North Ryde, N.S.W. 2113. GRAY, Roger, 9 Hanover Avenue, Epping, N.S.W. 2121. GREEN, George A., 17 Arterial Road, St. Ives, N.S.W. 2075. HACKETT-JONES, Mrs. F., 26 Wakefield Street, Kent Town, S.A. 5067. HAMILTON, G. L., 694 Great Western Highway, Faulconbridge, N.S.W. 2776. '\ HANCOCK, A. R., 4 Eton Road, Lindfield, N.S.W. 2070. HAJ'mAN, Mrs. J., 17 Chapman Avenue, Beecroft, N.S.W. 2119.' HAYTER, Dr. Ross, 780 Pemberton Street, Albury, N.S.W. 2640. HAZLEWOOD, Walter G., 39 Austral Avenue, Beecroft, N.S.W. 2119. HEYLEN, Mrs. G., 436 Main North Road, Blair Athol, S.A. 5084. HOBBS, L. I., 92 King Street, Doncaster East, Vic. 3109. HOLLAND, Ramon, 23 Browning Road, Turramurra, N.S.W. 2074. HOWE, Miss Winifred, 34 Warne Street, Pennant Hills, N.S.W. 2120. HUME,Mrs. B. M., 8 Reely Street, Pymble, N.S.W. 2073. HUTEAU, K. B., 36 Gallipoli Street, Lidcombe, N.S.W. 2141. ILLAWARRA BRANCH, A.C.R.S.,C/- Secretary, 20 Meares Avenue, Wollongong, N.S.W. 2500. JACKSON, Mrs. Gladys, 39 Parker Avenue, Seaton, S.A. 5023. JACKSON, Mrs. V., 11 Moore Street, Glenbrook, N.S.W. 2773. JAMES, Mrs. T. C., 5 Billabong Avenue, Turramurra, N.S.W. 2074. JAMIESON, Miss H. B., 70 Junction Road, Wahroonga, N.S.W. 2076. JESSEP, A. W., 29 Adelaide Street, Armadale, Vic. 3143. KALFAS, Mrs. D. D. H., Wirreamda Close, Warrawee, N.S.W. 2074. KENSITT, K. & S., 7 Ord Crescent, Sylvania Waters, N.S.W. 2224. KNYVETT, G. G., 11 Araba Street, Aranda, A.C.T. 2614. KOCH, O. L., 25 Park Street, Hyde Park, S.A. 5061. LANG, F. H., Summerleaves, Crosslands Road, Galston, N.S.W. 2159. LANG, Mrs. F. H., Summerleaves, Crosslands Road, Galston, N.S.W. 2159. LEVICK, Peter, 73 Roland Avenue, Wahroonga, N.S.W. 2076. LIEBlCH, Mrs. Lorna D., Rowland Flat, South Australia, 5350. LINCOLN, Mrs. John L., 30 Stanley Street, St. Ives, N.S.W. 2075. LORT-PHILLIPS, Capt. G. S., Sark, 32A Hopetoun Road, Toorak, Vic. 3192. LOTHIAN, T. R. N., P.O. Box 27A, Crafers,S.A. 5000. LUCAS, R., 2 Maple Street, Broadview, S.A. 5083. LUKE, Dr. James T., 11 Doris Street, Panorama, S.A. 5041. LUSH, Dr. David M., 78 Oban Road, Ringwood, Vic. 3134. MAC~Y, David, 108 Adderton Road, Carlingford, N.S.W. 211~. MACKAY, G. D., 108 Adderton Rd., Carlingford, N.S.W. 2118. MACKAY, Mrs. Ida, 108 Adderton Road, Carlingford, N.S.W. 21l8. MANSON, Mrs. 1. 1., 112 Roseville Avenue, Roseville, N.S.W. 2069. MARSLAND, Mrs. F. A.,9 Oakleigh Avenue, Taroona, Tasmania, 7006. MEALEY, Mrs. Lynette, 58 Laurence Street, Pennant Hills, N.S.W. 2120. MELDRUM, G. K., 780 Sandy Bay Road, Hobart, Tas. 7005. MILES, Mrs. S. M., 103 Carrington Road, Wahroonga, N.S.W. 2076. MITCHELL, Julien L.A., 9 Orinoco Street, Pymble, N.S.W. 2073. MORGAN, Mrs. A. T., Box 52, P.O. St. Ives, N.S.W. 2075. MOYES, Dr. J. Murray, 3 Walpole Place, Wahroonga, N.S.W. 2076. MURRAY, Mrs. Barbara, 17 Ashmore Avenue, Pymble, N.S.W':Z073. McCONNELL, Mrs. Lucy, 10 Redgum Avenue, Killara, N.S,W,:!071. McGLYNN, Mrs. M., 7 Orinoco Street, Pymble, N.S.W. 2073. \. . 'McMINN, Mr. Neville, Camellia Lodge Nursery, 348-350 Princes Highway, Noble Park, Vic. 3174. NETTLETON, Mrs. G. R., 58 Kambalda Cr~scent, Fisher, A.C.T. 2611. 76

...".. NEWMAN, Charles, 51 Slade Street, Bayswater, W.A. 6053. NEWPORT, A., 11 Wybalena Road, Hunters Hill, N.S.W. 2110. NIELSEN, N. W. 22 Verdale Avenue, Linden Park, S.A. 5065. NIXON, G. H., I Beechworth Road, Pymble, N.S.W., 2073. NORTH, Dr. A. L., 24 Sublime Point Road, Leura, N.S.W. 2781. N.S.W. FOUNDATION BRANCH, A.C.R.S., C/- Roger Gray, 9 Hanover Avenue, North Epping, N.S.W. 2121. O'SHEA, Mrs. Desmond P., M.B.E., 12 Drumalbyn Road, Bellevue Hill, N.S.W. 2023. PATON, John, 3 Redgum Avenue, Killara, N.S.W. 2071. PAYENS, Paul 0.,3 Hill Street, Baulkham Hills, N.S.W. 2153. PEARCE, W. A., 21 Bakewell Street, Tusmore, S.A. 5065. PEARCE; Mrs. W.A., 21 Bakewell Street, Tusmore, S.A. 5065. PEDLER, Dr. John, 24 Edwin Terrace, Gilberton, S.A. 5081. PHELPS, B. D., lOA William Street, Burnside, S.A. 5066. PIDD, Mrs. D. E., 13 Napier Street, Drummoyne, N.S.W. 2047. PIERCE, Mrs. Joan, 5 Karana Place, Chatswood, N.S.W. 2067. POWELL, B. D., 4 Wallace Street, Vale Park, S.A. 5081. POXON, A. E., Roadside Delivery, Dilston, Tas. 7252. PRIMROSE, George F., 14 Wentworth Avenue, Tempe, N.S.W. 2044. RAY, Miss L. M., 140 Ray Road, Epping, N.S.W. 2121. REID, J. '8.,372 Old Northern Road, Castle Hill, N.S.W. 2154. RICH, Dr. David L., 94 Boundary Road, Wahroonga, N.S.W. 2076. RICH, Dr. Joan E., 94 Boundary Road, Wahroonga, N.S.W. 2076. RIDDLE, J. G., 17 Church Street, pymble, N.S.W. 2073. RIDDLE, Mrs. J. G., 17 Church Street, Pymble, N.S.W. 2073. RIGBY, Mrs. Enid, 2/640 Pacific Highway, Killara, N.S.W. 2071. SAVIGE, T. J., P.O. Box 68, Lavington, N.S.W. 2641. SCHULTZ, M. H., 7 The Crescent, Edwardstown, S.A. 5039. SHIELS, N. L., 137 Glenhuntly Road, Elwood, Vic. 3184. SHORTALL, John H., 92 Lucinda Avenue, Wahroonga, N.S.W. 2076. SIMON, Mrs. Helen, 27A Russell Avenue, Wahroonga, N.S.W. 2076. SMITH, Greg, 28 Greendale Avenue, St. Ives, N.S.W. 2075. SPRAGG, Mrs. Alice, 15 Linden Street, Sutherland, N.S.W. 2232. ST. ALBANS (EPPING) GARDEN LOVERS CLUB, C/- I. H. Kershaw, 40 Ray Road, Epping, N.S.W. 2119. ST. GEORGE & SUTHERLAND Branch A.C.R.S., c/- Treasurer, 22 Tea Gardens Ave., Kirrawee, N.S.W. 2232. STEELE, L. R, 6 Llewellyn Terrace, Hawthorn, S.A. 5062. SUTHONS, H. c., 33 Bay Street, Mosman, N.S.W. 2088. 'SWANE, Miss Valerie, Swane Nursery, Galston Road, Dural, N.S.W. 2158. SWINBOURNE, Alan, 49 Broughton Road, Homebush, N.S.W. 2140. TASMANIA Branch A.C.RS., C/- Secretary, 780 Sandy Bay Rd., Hobart, Tas. 7005. THOMAS, R J. S., 2 Heights Crescent, Middle Cove, N.S.W. 2068. THOMPSON, F. L., 15 Meredith Street, Homebush, N.S.W. 2140. TRENOUTH, Graeme, 32 Boundary Road, Epping, N.S.W. 2121. TRIGG, Mrs. F. E., 8 Yosefa Avenue, Warrawee, N.S.W. 2074. TROOD, Mrs. P., 37 Bolwarra Avenue, Pymble, N.S.W. 2073. UTlCK, Eric, 37 Matson Crescent, Miranda, N.S.W. 2228. VIDLER, T. H., Lindfield Park, Mount Wilson, N.S.W. 2740. WAGHORN, Frank R., 60 Dunlowe Avenue, Box Hill, Vic. 3129. WALTON, C. F., 136 Mona Vale Road, St. Ives, N.S.W. 2075. 'WATERHOUSE, Prof. E. G., 17 McIntosh Street, Gordon, N.S.W. 2072. WATERHOUSE, Gordon G., P.O. Box 2, Kurrajong Heights, N.S.W. 2758. WATERHOUSE, Miss Jill, University House, Canberra, A.C.T. 2600. WATERHOUSE, Mrs. Melba J., P.O. Box 2, Kurrajong Heights, N.S.W. 2758. WATERHOUSE, John T., 29 Roseberry Road, Killara, N.S.W. 2071. WATKINS, S. B., 570 Simpsons Road, Toowong, Qld. 4066. WEBBER, L. c., 6 Grandview Parade, Epping, N.S.W. 2121. WEST AUSTRALIAN BRANCH, A.C.RS., 9 Greenbower Road, Mount Pleasant, W.A. 6153. 'WIGGINS, Barry R., P.O. Box 18, Cranbrook, W.A. 6321. WILLIAMS, Mrs. E. A., 18 Kissing Point Road, Turramurra, N.S.W. 2074. WILLIAMS, John, 10 Evans Street, West Pymble, N.S.W. 2073. 77 WILSON, Mrs. E. 1., 24 Lyndhurst Crescent, Hunters Hill, N.S.W. 2118. WILSON, G. T., 1281 Albany Highway, Cannington, W.A. 6107. WITHERS, Dr. R. M., 10 Urquhart Street, Hawthorn, Vic. 3122. WOODROW, Donald G., 16 Torokina Avenue, S1. Ives, N.S.W. 2075. WOODl~OW, Mrs. Mary, 16 Torokina Avenue, S1. Ives, N.S.W. 2075. YOUNG, Mrs. Mary, 48 Koolooma Crescent, West Pymble, N.S.W. 2073. YOUNG, Mrs. Yvonne, 34 Rushall Street, Pymble, N.S.W. 2073.

BELGIUM DE BISSCHOP, Roger, Beekstraat 175,9810 Drongen, Gand. DE BELDER, Robert, Arboretum, Heuvel2, 2180 Kalmthout. -MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE, Experimental Station for the Improvement of Ornamental Plants, 17 Carttas Street, Melle. VAN HUYCK, Mme. 1. A., 91 Av. De L'Optimisme, Bte 79,1140 Bruxelles.

CHANNEL ISLANDS -ALLAN, John R., Courtil Rozel, Mount Durant, St. Peter Port, Guernsey. DE PUTRON, J., Normanville, Fosse Andre, St. Peter Port, Guernsey. JERSEY, The Earl of, Radier Manor, Longueville, Jersey. LE FEVRE, F. J., 'Laburnum', The Queens Road, St. Peter Port, Guernsey. LORT-PHILLIPS, Mrs. V., La Colline, Gorey, Jersey. -MESNY, Mrs. Alan, Le Port a'ia Jument, Sark, Via Guernsey. -NAIRN, FrankR., Castle Carey, Guernsey. OBBARD, Mrs. E. C., Samares Manor, Jersey. PADDOCK, Mrs. D. J. F. B., La Haule Court, S1. Aubin, Jersey. PARKER, Southcombe, Le Camelia, Fort Road, St. Peter Port, Guernsey. PLAIT, Mrs. G., Anneville, Archirondel, St. Martins, Jersey. ROBERT, J. P., Le Chene Cottage, Forest, Guernsey. ROXBURGH, Air Vice Marshal H. L., The Coach House, St. Helens, St. Andrews, Guernsey. WIMBORNE, The Dowager Viscountess, Rozel, Mount Durant, St. Peter Port, Guernsey.

EIRE CONGREVE, Ambrose, Mount Congreve, Waterford. DOWDALL, Mrs. R. C., Dunsland, Glanmire, Co. Cork. DOWDALL, Thomas F., Dunsland, Glanmire, Co. Cork. HADWICK, Mrs. D. R., Cappagh House, Kinsale, Co. Cork. O'DONOGHUE, Bernard, The Lodge, Dunsland, Glanmire, Co. Cork. ROBINSON, Miss D., Riversdale, Glounthaune, Co. Cork. ROSSE, The Countess of, Birr Castle, Offaly. ROSSE, The Earl of, Birr Castle, Offaly, Eire. ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF IRELAND, Mount Argus Road, Harold's Cross, Dublin 6. WALKER, R. 1., Fernhill, Sandyford, Co. Dublin. WALKER, P. R., Balgara, Sandyford, Co. Dublin. WALKER, Mrs. R. L. Balgara, Sandyford, Co. Dublin. -WALPOLE, R. B., Mount Usher, Ashford, Co. Wicklow.

FRANCE ARBELBIDE, Andree, Pepinieres Lafitte, Mendionde, 64240 Hasparren. BAUMANN, Andre, 131, Avenue Jean-Jaures, 92290 Chatenay-Malabry. BONNAMY, Thierry, 18, Rue Pierre Bezancon, Marolles-en-Brie, 94440 Villecresne. BOURGUET, Aubertot, 2, Rue de Messine, 75008 Paris. CREZE, Jean, "Les Roches" 49170 Saint Germain des Pres. DELAUNAY, Francois, 53, Rue Mirabeau, 49000 Angers. DUCLAUX, Michel, 15, Rue de Bruyere, 65000 Tarbes. DUTREUIL, Michel, Maison "Pavillion" 2 Tilh, 40360 Par Pomarez, Landes. HALASZ, Emeric, 44 Rue de Chateaubriand, 44470 Carquefou. HASCOUET, Robert, "La Butte des Fermes", 72560 Change. JEGOU, Louis, Keridreuff, 29143 Landudec. 78 LABOREY, Jean, 9, Rue Chernoviz, 75016 Paris. LAFONT, Jean, Mas des Hourtes, 30740 Le Cailar. LE BIHAN, Jean, Bourg de Poullaouen, 29246 Poullaouen. LE BIVIC, Francois, 68, Rue Tahere, 92210 Saint Cloud. LE MOAL, Francois, Park ar Burg Plouisy, 22200 Guingamp. LEPAGE, Rene, B.P. 741, 49007 Angers Cedex. MALLET, Mme. Andre, Banque de Neuflize, Schlumberger, Mallet, 3 Avenue Hoche, Paris. MINIER, Robert, 74, Rue Volney, 49000 Angers. MISSON, Genevieve, Pavilion Louis XIV, 8, Av Reine Nathalie, 64200 Biarritz. MOREL, Mme. Jean, 21, Rue Duguay Trouin, 56100 Lorient. *DE NOAILLES, Vicomte, Villa Noailles, 06332, Grasse. PATARD, Rene, "La Perriere", 44530 Guenrouet. PLANTIVEAU, Paul, Parc de Proce, 44000 Nantes. POULIQUEN, Yvonne, Restvez, Guimiliau, 29230 Landivisiau. PRADES, Jean-Michel, Serignac sur Garonne, 47310 Laplume. STERVINOU, Alain, 3, Rue Bouet, Lambezellec, 29200 Brest. THOBY, Claude, Route de Paris, 44470 Carquefou. WINTER, Louis, 12, Rue Gardiner, 3580 Dinard.

ISLE OF MAN WIGHT, Dr. W., Greeba House, St. Georges Crescent, Port Erin.

ITALY ANSALONI, Dott. Edo, Via Emilia Levante 226, 40139 Bologna. CARIFFINI, Prof. Bruno, Via Gasperi 6, 28041 Arona. CARMINE, Carlo, Via Guido Cavalcanti 26, 20099 Sesto San Giovanni. COGGIATTl, Dott Comm Stelvio, Viale 4, Venti 252, 00152 Roma. FERRARI, Dott. Ulderico, Villa Dei Fiori, Via Pontiroli 43-47, 16031 Bogliasco, Genova. *FIOCCHI, Mrs. Silvia Borletti, La Motta, Monate Varese. JASONI, Mrs. Martini Eugenia, Via Lentari 35,00186 Roma. MASTROPIERRO, Dott. Franca, Via Pier Capponi 81, 50100 Firenze. MOTTl, Dott. GUlseppe, 22015 Gravedona. PIACENZA, Dott. Guido, Mini Arboretum, 13057 Pollone. PIFFARETTI, Giovanni, via Privata, 21014 Cerro di Laveno Mombello. *SEVESI, Dott. Ing. Antonio, Piazzale Cadorna 6, 20123 Milano. SOCIETA ITALIANA DELLA CAMELLIA, 28051 Cannero, Riviera. *WALTON, The Lady, La Mortella, Forio D'lschia, Napoli. JAPAN ABIRU, Jin, 1627 2-Chome, Myokencho, Choshi. 288. AN,DOH, Yoshiaki, 9-11 I-Chome, Yawatacho, Nadaku, Kobe. 657. ANDOH, Mrs. Tsuneko, 9-11 I-Chome, Yawatacho, Nadaku, Kobe. 657. FUJII" Magobei, Goten, Komatsucho, Shusogun, Ehimeken. 799-11. FUKUMITSU, Dr. Iyeyoshi, 3-17 2-Chome, Izumigaoka, Tarumiku, Kobe. 655. FUNAKI, Masanao, 20/405 6 5-Chome, Hagiyamacho, Higashi-Murayama. 189. FURUYA, Mrs. Yoshiko, 25-6 Yagoto-Omoteyama, Tenpakucho, Showaku, Nagoya. 468. GOTOH, Masao, 428-51 Matsugadai, Shimoteno, Himeji. 670. HAGIHARA, Zengoro, No 8-5 Hibarigaoka 1 Chome, Nagata-ku, Kobe. 653. HAGIYA, Dr. Kaoru, 908 Terao, Niigata. 950-21 . .HANADA, Hideo, Jitohsho, Isotakecho, Ohda. 699-24. HANAZAWA, Dr. Takashi, 23-11 1-Chome, Eifuku Suginamiku, Tokyo. 168. HARADA, Dr. Hiroshi, 13-11 5-Chome, Minami-Aoyama, Minatoku, Tokyo. 107. HASE, Mrs. Sumiko, 863-1 Kashohji, Tajiricho, Sennangun, Osakafu. 598. HASHIMOTO, Mrs. Sumiko, 17 Kurekawacho, Ashiya. 659. HASHIMOTO, Takuzo, 17 Kurekawa-Cho, Ashiya. 659. HAYAKAWA, Hiroshige, 103 Mukaigo, Higashi-Sakai, Kariya. 448. HIMURO, Shohii, 2-41 3-Chome, Higashi-Kaigan-Minami, Chigasaki. 253. HIRAO, Dr. Shuichi, 14-23 3-Chome, Yamanone, Zushi. 249. *HlRATSUKA, Taizo, 11 3-Chome, Shinyashiki, Kumamoto. 862. ICHINOSE, Kensaku, 8-34 Asahigaoka, Ashiya-Shi. 659.

79 IINO, Kuraji, 1-1149 4-Chome, U~uisu-cho, N~gataku, Kobe. 653. IKAWA, Mrs. Yoshimi, 3-8 Ohkitacho, Kishiwada. 596. IKEDA, Kinhachi, 13-2 3-Chome, Katase-Kaigan, Fujisawa. 25I. IMAI, Kiyetsu, Iwakimura, Ochigun, Ehimeken. 794-24. INAGAKI, Noboru, 3-3 Ohjigairi, Sakazaki, Kohdacho, Nukatagun, Aichiken. 444-01. INUDOH, Toshiaka, 9 Kamitatsuda, Tatsuda-machi, Kumamoto City. IRIYAMA,Kenzo Yu, Yamada-Mura, Nei-Gun, Toyama Pref. ISHIBASHI, Hiroaki, 11-15 4-Chome, Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo. 156. ISHIKAWA, Kiyoshi, 4-21 4-Chome, Yakumo, Meguroku, Tokyo. 152. ITAMI, Mrs. Mineko, 11 4-Chome, Yamasnita-Cho, Nagata-Ku, Kobe. 653. ITOH, Mrs. Akiko, 25-13 Yagoto-Omoteyama, Tenpakucho, Showaku, Nagoya. 468. JAPAN CAMELLIA SOCIETY, C/- K. Ishikawa, 4-21 4-Chome, Yakumo, Meguroku, Tokyo. 152. KAMO, Zenji, 2-17 Bakurocho, Takaoka. 933. KATAYAMA, Sadayuki, 571 Kinobecho, Ikeda. 563. KATO, Mrs. Michiko, 19-10 2-Chome, Nakane, Meguroku, Tokyo. 152. KAWANO, Mikio, 11 l-Chome, Shiroyamacho, Nishinomiya. 662. KIRIHARA, Mrs. Junko, 301 Mamata-Heim, 23-11 l-Chome, Miyasaka, Setagayaku, Tokyo. 156. KIRINO, Shuho, 1-61 Kasumicho, Hachiohji. 192. KIRYU, Dr. Hiromitsu, 2276-21 Kashii, Higashiku, Fukuoka. 813. KITAGAWA, Mrs. Mitsuko, 41 Nanaho, Miyamachi, Gamagohri. 443. KOBE CAMELLIA SOCIETY, C/- K. Tarumoto, 10-7 Hirakicho, Nishinomiya. 662. KURIHARA, Daishiro, 117 Yochomachi, Shinjukuku, Tokyo. 162. MARUYAMA, Mrs. Chikako, 25 Gosho, Ishimaki-Honmachi, Toyohashi. 440. MATSUDAIRA, Yasukuni, 26-12 2-Chome, Kasuga, Bunkyoku, Tokyo. 112. MATSUMOTO, Mrs. Kiyoko, Tokai-Ginko-Yamanoiye, 4-911 Rokkosan-Kyoku, Nadaku, Kobe. 657-0I. MATSUSHITA, Mrs. Fumiko, 2-39 Kohama-Honmachi, Sumiyoshiku, Osaka. 558. MIKI, Dr. Tetsu, 33-18 2-Chome, Kohnan, Kohnanku, Yokohama. 233. MISHIMA, Yoshihiko, 4-7 Nibancho, Kohshien, Nishinomiya. 663. MIYAHARA, Momoyuki, Kita-Unoki, Tachiaraicho, Miigun, Fukuokaken. 830-12. MUNAKATA, Itsuro, 15-29 l-Chome, Hibarigaoka, Takarazuka. 665. NAGAO, Ryo, 11 Ishijima 6, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135. NAGAOKA, Shigeo, 16-2 6-Chome, Seijo, Setagayaku, Tokyo. 157. NAGASAKI, Mrs. Hideko, 81 Tamachi, Hamamatsu. 430. NAGOSHI, Tadasu, 441 6-12 l-Chome, Imazu-Naka, Tsurumiku, Osaka. 538. NAKAMURA, Ryoichi, 1-45 Unoke, Unokecho, Kahokugun, Ishikawaken. 929-1 I. NAKAMURA, Dr. Takesaburo, 62 Maruyama, Ohtsukacho, Gamagohri. 533. NAKAMURA, Totsuro, 550 Shinkohjicho, Tamachi. 194-0I. NAKAMURA, Tsuneo, 17-4 3-Chome, Mejiro, Toshimaku, Tokyo. 177. NAKAYAMA, Chuzo, 786 Kawajiri, Yachiyocho, Yuhkigun, Ibarakiken. 300-35. NOGUCHI, Dr. Akito, 7-6 Nishi-Noguchicho, Beppu. 874. OGAWA, Takeo, Motomachi, Oshimacho, Tokyo. 100-0I. OHARA, Kinji, 54 Nanjo, Tateyama. 294. OHDAIRA, Kazutoshi, 4-22 4-Chome, Koyama, Nerimaku, Tokyo. 176. OHTA, Tsuguo, 72 Urakawa Uchi, Matsu-hashi-cho, Shimo-eki-gun, Kumamoto Pref. 869-05 OHTOMO, Mrs. Sachiko, Miyamae, Yawatacho, Toyokawa. 442. OKA, Mrs. Sumiko, 1-2 Numacho, Kishiwada. 596. OKUNO, Miss Saeko, 79 Nodacho, Kishiwada. 596. ONOHARA, Toshio, 11-7 Tonoyamacho, Nishinomiya. 662. OZAWA, Teisuke, 54 Yanagi-no-Miya, Yashio. 340. , SAITO, Mrs Kikue, 112-1 Koryo-cho 4-Chome, Kita-ku, Kobe. SATOH, Minoru, Nishikawa, Sobuecho, Nakashimagun, Aichiken. 495. SATOMI, Eikichi, 25-22 l-Chome, Unane, Setagayaku, Tokyo. 157. SHIMAZAKI, Masao, 13-15 5-Chome, Higashi-Narashino, Narashino. 275. 'SHISEIDO CO. LTD., 5-5 7-Chome, Ginza, Chuohku, Tokyo. 104. SUZUKA, Dr. Osamu, 33 Yoshida-Honmachi, Sakyoku, Kyoto. 606. SUZUKI, Ritsuji, 33 Minamino, Noba, Kohdacho, Nukatagun, Aichiken. 444-0I. TAKAHASHI, Seiichi, 186 Shinmeicho, Chiba. 280. TARUMOTO, Kiyoshi, 10-7 Hirakicho, Nishinomiya. 662. TERADA, Hiroshi, 3-4-308 Kodaira-Danchi, 860-1 Kiheicho, Kodaira. 187. 80 TUYAMA, Dr. Takashi, 10-10 3-Chome, Kohinatadaicho, Bunkyoku, Tokyo. 112. UCHIDA, Kaoru, 16 Highashi-Naka Ogi, Kohdacho, Nukatagun Aichiken. 444-01. UEDA, Mrs. Minoru, 76 Toyozato-Sanbancho, Higashi-Yodogawa-Ku, Osaka. 533. UEDA, Dr. Toshiro, Ashinoya, Kohdacho, Nukatagun, Aichiken. 444-01. UEMURA, Mrs. Sachiko, 43 5-Chome, Hatchodori, Toyohashi. 440. WADA, Kohichiro, Hakoneya Nurseries Inc., Y.P.P.O. Box 295, Yokohama. 220-91. WATANABE, Mitsuo, 1-19 4-Chome, Minamizawa, Higashi-Kurume-Shi, Tokyo. 180-03. YAMADA, Hideo, 13 Kuroguise, Ashinoya, Kohdacho, Nukatagun, Aichiken. 444-01. YAMADA, Koichi, 95 3-Chome, Kitano, Ikutaku, Kobe. 650. YAMAGUCHI,Tadao, 8-18 Sanshacho, Kanazawa. 920. YOKOYAMA, Saburo, 758 Kurihara, Zama. 228. YOSHIKAWA, Haruhisa, 1-48 I-Chome, Nijohcho, Nara. 630. YOSHIZAWA, Tokio, 457 Ryoke, Angyo, Kawaguchi. 334.

MALTA GAUCI, S., The General Trading Co. Ltd., G.P.O. Box 572, Valetta.

NETHERLANDS COUTINO-FRENSDORF, Mrs. L., Ceintuurbaan 207, Bussum. BORTUS BOTANICUS, NonnensteeK3, Leiden. SEMEY, Erik, Riouwstraat 179, Den Haag, 2011.

NEW ZEALAND AUSTIN,H. G., 22 Turi St., New Plymouth. BAKER, Miss D. D., 263 Courtenay Street, New Plymouth. BARRY, R. W., The South Taranaki Nurseries, Fairfield Road, Hawera. BERG, Mrs. L. E., P.O. Box 269, Whakatane. BLACKMORE, Mrs. J. G., Ruawai, Private Bag, Havelock North. 'CLARK, H. Jack, 95 Marine Parade, Herne Bay, Auckland 2. CLERE, R. H., 8 Chesham Avenue, Taupo. CORBETT, Misses I. & J., 91 Clemow Road, New Plymouth. 'DURRANT, Col. T., 119 Kawaha Point Road, Rotorua. FOGARTY, Mrs. M. E., Villa Redwood, 5 Fyffe Street, Blenheim. GAMLIN, Mrs. I. G., 4 Regent Street, Hawera. GOODWIN, J. W., 62B Brois Street, New Plymouth. GROSS, D. L., 45 Jellicoe Road, Manurewa, Auckland. HANSEN, J. A., 275 Te Moana Road, Waikanae. HAYDON, Neville G., 73 Evelyn Road, Howick. HAWKEN, Mrs. O. B., Riverbank Road, Wanganui. HEAD, B. C., 8 Moa Street, Lower Hutt. HENDERSON, D: 1.,67 Tilby Drive, Matua. Tauranga. HUDSON, J. M., Gwavas, Tikokino, Hawkes Bay. HUMPHREY, J. H., Cable Bay, Kenepuru Sound, R.D. 2 Picton. JOHNSON, C. F., I Virginia Height, Wanganui. JONES, Mrs. B. L., Papaiti Road, Aramoho, Wanganui. JURY, Les E., 47 Smart Road, New Plymouth. KILGOUR, Mrs. B. 1., 110 Maxwell Road, Blenheim. LAMB, Mrs. Peggie, 117 Puriri Street, Christchurch 5. LOCK, T., 21 Glendovey Road, Fendalton, Christchurch 5. LOMAX, W., P.O. Box 263, Kaikohe, Northland. McDONNELL, S. S., "Copseford", Main Road North, Paraparaumu. McILROY, Dr. D. M., 222 Wilsons Road, Christchurch 2. MACKAY, P. B., 50 Fitzherbert Avenue, Wanganui. MILLAR, J. H., Box 704, Rotorua. MILLAR, Mrs. J. H., Box 704, Rotorua. MOORE, Owen, No.2 R.D., Wanganui. MORPETH, R. C., P.O. Box 857, Wellington C.I 'NEW ZEALAND CAMELLIA SOCIETY, The National Librarian, National Library of New Zealand, Private Bag, Wellington, New Zealand. PALMER, Stanley J., P.O. Box I, Glen Eden, Auckland. 81 'PETERSON, G., 72 Pakiatua Street, Palmerston North. POWELL, Miss B. K., 6 Magnolia Drive, New Plymouth. REDPATH, Mrs. A. B., 166 Ham Road, Christchurch. ROBINSON, W., Thermal Nurseries, Rotofua. SHAW, Mrs. R F., C/- Post Office, Waima, ,Northland. SHAYLE-GEORGE, S. J., 15 Marama Terrace, Eastboume. VAN THIEL, M. 1., 78 Nelson Street, Howick, Auckland 44. WALLIS, G. W., P.O. Box 12001, Beckenham, Christchurch 2. 'WARREN, R. B., P.O. Box 158, Whangarei. I YEOMAN, G. R, RD. 1, Whakatane. 1. YOUNG, R M., No.2 RD., Marton.

PORTUGAL 'BLANDY, Mrs. Mildred, Blandy & Co. Ltd., P.O. Box 408, Funchal, Maderia. TAIT, Miss M. R, Entre Quintas 219, Oporto.

RHODESIA 'SOFFE, Mrs. O. R, Murambi House, 4 Bauhinia Avenue, Umtali.

SOUTH AFRICA RIGGALL, Mrs. Gladys, Mdoni Road, Kloof, Natal 3600. RIGGALL, Leslie, Mdoni Road, Kloof, Natal 3600. ROURKE, Dr. J. P., Compton Herbarium, Nat. Botanic Gardens of S.A., Kirstenbosch Private Bag X7, Claremont 7735.

SPAIN FIGUEROA, Marques de, Torre de Figueroa, Abegondo la Corona, Galicia. GIMSON, Robert L., La Saleta, San Vicente de Meis, Provincia de Pontevedra. ODRIOZOLA, Antonio, Apartado 328, Pontevedra.

SWITZERLAND CARON!, Mary, Via Solaria, 11 CH6648 Minusio. GNEHM, Tommy, Via Mozzara, 6648 Minusio. KNOBEL, Mme. Verena, 6614 Brissago. SCHOBER, Giovanni, C.P. 45, CH6622 Ascona. VAN VEEN, P., Villa Iris, CH6574 Vira-Gambarogno.

TAIWAN CHANG, Chi Shong, 2 Alley 1 Lane 104, Chung-Cheng Road, Shi-Lin, Taipei. 111. CHEN, Ten Ting, 6 Chingtsau-Fu, Kowfong Lee, Hsinchu. 300. CHEN, Tin Tsan, 2-264 Nanta Road, Hsinchu. 300. CHENG, Ten Shou, 10 Chlingyong Lane, Nanta Road, Hsinchu. 300. CHIANG, Kung Wan, 432 Seeta Road, Hsinchu. 300. CHOU, 1. Pin, C/- Chinese Land Bank, Kuanchan Road, Chengzhong, Taipei. 100. DONG, Hsin Lih, 3-2 Alley, 26 Lane, Tyan Mei Street, Hsinchu. 300. GUO, Huo Sheng, 2-7 Shi an Street, Hsinchu. 300. HONG, Chiang Swii, 56 Hsinming Street, Hsinchu. 300. HUANG, Yin Jin, 100 Shoei Tyan Street, Hsinchu. 300. LEI, Shein Ho, 40 Taipein Lee, Kunagshi, Hsinchu. 300. LI, Chung Vi, 80 Chung Hwa Road, Hsinchu. 300. LIU, Peing Chieh, C/- Hsinchu Hospital, 59 Sheemoon Street, Hsinchu. 300. OU-LEE, Kuo Ching, 81-3 Hsinshieh Street, Hsinchu. 300. SUN, Ching Fun, 197 Powsan Road, Siangkong Lee, Hsinchu. 300. SUN, Ching Shun, 197 Powsan Road, Siangkong Lee, Hsinchu. 300. SUN, Ching Tsen, 197 Powsan Road, Siangkong Lee, Hsinchu. 300. WANG, Hwan, 7-264 Nanta Road, Hsinchu. 300. WANG, Yeou Fu, 29 Chung Van Road, Hsinchu. 300. 82 WU, Shi Ching, 31-1 Ming Chu Road, Hsinchu. 300. WU, Shin Yu, 81-3 Hsinshieh Street, Hsinchu. 300. YEH, Kuo Thung, 264 Nanta Road, Hsinchu. 300. YEH, Kuo Wan, 10 Nanmen Street, Hsinchu. 300. UNITED KINGDOM ADLAM, Dr. E. G., Manor Farm, East Horrington, Wells, Somerset. ALDERSON, G. A., Church End House, Brasted, Westerham, Kent. AMORY, Lady, Knightshayes House, Tiverton, Devon. ANDERSON, Hazley, Keepers Cottage, Grange Lane, Cobley Hill, Alvechurch, Birmingham. ANDERSON, Mrs. Marian S., Rainbow Cottage, Mattersey Road, Ranskill, Notts. ANDERSON, R. D., The Mill House, Kington, Flyford Flavell, Worcestershire. 'ANGLESEY, The Marquess of, Plas Newydd, Llanfair P.G., Gwynedd, N. Wales. ATKINSON, Stanley C., 33 Fairfield Avenue, Upminster, Essex RM14 3AZ. AYLING, H. G., 79 Curzon Avenue, Stanmore, Middlesex, HA7 2AL. BARCOCK, F. G., Garden House Farm, Drinkstone, Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk. BARRETT, A. S. D., Farindons, Dormansland, Lingfield, Surrey. BARRY, A. C., Greystone Lodge, Cotlands, Sidmouth, Devon EXIO 8SP. BAVIN, Mrs. M. G., South Lombard, Lanteglos-by-Fowey, Cornwall. BENNETT, Russell, Editor, Flora, Stanley Gibbons Magazines Ltd., Drury House, Russell Street, London, WC2B 5HD. 'BLAKELEY, Andrew, King's Manor, Freshwater, Isle of Wight. BLOCKEY, Miss M. L., Magnolia Cottage, Coburg Road, Sidmouth, Devon. BOND, J. D., Verderers, Wick Road, Englefield Green, Egham, Surrey. BRADFORD, Miss Diana, 3 Harbour View Court, The Quay, Christchurch, Hants. BROOKS, W. N. D., 153 Sneyd Lane, Essington, Wolverhampton, W. Midlands. BUCHANAN, Miss Gay, 'Trewidden', Penzance, Cornwall. BUDD, C. E., 92 Chapel Road, Worthirig, Sussex. BUDGE, Mrs. R. E., Oxleigh House, Ashford, Barnstaple, Devon. BUFTON, K. T., Boehm of Malvern England Ltd., The Studio, Tanhouse Lane, Malvern, Worcs. WRI4 ILG. BUNCE, Gerald E., 10 Little Knowle, Budleigh Salterton, Devon EX9 6QS. 'BUTE, The Marquess of, Mount Stewart, Rothesay, Isle of Bute, Scotland. BYFORD, Mrs. L. M., Avalon, 71A High Road, Hockley, Essex. CAREW-POLE, Sir John, Antony Estate Nurseries, Torpoint, Cornwall. CAREW-POLE, Lady, Antony Estate Nurseries, Torpoint, Cornwall. CARYLON, Miss Gillian, Tregrehan Camellia Nurseries, Tregrehan, Par, Cornwall. CATLIN, Dr. C. H., The Beeches, Standon, Nr. Stafford. CATLIN, Mrs. Margaret, The Beeches, Standon, Nr. Stafford. CAUTHERY, Mrs. H. W., Eastcote, Petworth Road, HasleJTIere, Surrey GU27 2HX. CAWLEY, Lord, Bircher Hall, Leominster, Herefordshire. , CHAMPERNOWNE, E. B., Green Lane Gardens, Yelverton, Devon, PL207NP. CHAPPELL, P. G. G., Spinners, Boldre, Lymington, Hants. S04 8QE. CHIPPINDALE, H. G., Springfield Garden, Playden, Rye, Sussex. CLAPP, K. H. R., Colebrook House, Plympton, Devon. 'CLARK, Mrs. Alfred, Black Firs, Fulmer, Bucks. COLVILLE, Mrs. D., Penheale Manor, Launceston, Cornwall. COOP, Sir Maurice, BrendonCottage, Punch Bowl Lane, Dorking, Surrey. CORNELIUS, D. B., 28 Ravenhill Road, Fforestfach, Swansea. SA5 5AW. COWDRAY, Lady Anne, Broadleas, Devizes, Wilts.

83 EDGAR, L. A., Wedderlie Hohse, 80 St. Helens Avenue, Hastings, Suss~~: EDMONDS, A. C., 35 Park Drive, Upminster, Essex. RM14 3AL. • " EDWARDS, Dr. A. J. B., 121 Ellerslie Road, Barnstaple, Devon EX31 2HT: EDWARDS, Mrs. M., Underway, West Porlock, Nr. Minehead, Somerset TA24 8NZ. ELLIS, R. H., "Camellias", Doomsday Garden, Horsham, Sussex RH13 6LB. EUNSON, Mrs. P., Pindari, Quickley Rise, Chorleywood, Herts. WD3 5PE. EUSEBIO, J. J. E., 'Tesin', 66 Greenways, Hinchley Wood, Esher, Surrey KTlO OQJ. FALMOUTH, Lady, Tregothnan, Truro, Cornwall. FARALL NURSERIES, Roundhurst, Fernhurst, Haslemere, Surrey. FINDLAY, R., Alyn Cottage, Bryn-Y-Baa, Mold, Clwyd. CH7 6SB. FOX, Mrs. G. R., Trewardreva, Constantine, Falmouth, Cornwall. FRASER, N. C., Aliens, Crawley Down, Sussex RHIO 4EY. GALLAGHER, Mrs. M. B., Oldfield, Verwood, Dorset. ·GIBSON, A. C., Glenarn, Rhu, Dumbartonshire, Scotland. GLANVILLE, Lt.-Col. R. C., Catchfrench, Bridge Hill, Belper, Derbyshire DE5 2BY. GLASS, T. N. N., Evensong, 8 Nun's Walk, Virginia Water, Surrey GU25 4RT. GLASS, Mrs T. N. N., Evensong, 8 Nun's Walk, Virginia Water, Surrey GU25 4RT. GLENDOICK GARDENS, Glendoick, Perth, Scotland. GORER, Geoffrey, Sunte House, Haywards Heath, Sussex, RH16 lRZ. GRAVETYE MANOR, East Grinstead, Sussex. GRIMALDI, A. B., Hex House, Dawlish, Devon. GRIMALDI, Mrs. Anne, Cedar'Lodge, Puckpool, Ryde, Isle of Wight P033 IPJ. GRIMALDI, Philip, Cedar Lodge, Puckpool, Ryde, Isle of Wight P033 IPJ. GULLIVER, R. E., 22 Vapron Road, Mannamead, Plymouth PL3 5NJ. HALLAM, E. W. L., Gallis Ash, Kilmersdon, Bath. HAMILTON, Mrs. E., Summer Hill, Studland,Swanage, Dorset BH19 3AS. HANGER, Mrs. E. A., The Plat, Effingham Golf Club, Effingham, Surrey. HARRISON, Major General E. G. W., Tremeer, St. Tudy, Bodmin, Cornwall. HARRISON, E. M., Barton House, Otterton, Budleigh Salterton, Devon. HARRISON, John A., Camellia House, Parklands, Southport, Lanes. PR9 6HX. HAZELL, Mrs. P. L., 101, Craddocks Avenue, Ashtead, Surrey KT211NR. HENSHAW, F. H., 25 Priory Park Road, Launceston, Cornwall PLI5 8JD. HILL, R. G., Lisvaile, Poplar Avenue, Windlesham, Surrey GU20 6PL. HILL, Kenneth, 19 Lawnswood Avenue, Wordsley, Nr. Stourbridge, Worcs. DT85LR. HILLIARD, Mrs. H., 99 Gales Drive, ThreeBridges, Crawley, Sussex. " HILLIARD, J. E., 99 Gales Drive, Three Bridges, Crawley, Sussex. ";' .-- ~. . HILLIER, H. G., C.B.E., Jermyns House, Ampfield, Nr. Romsey, Hants. HOLLOWAY, W. J., B.E.M., 48 Gladeside, Shirley, Croydon, Surrey CR07RE. ·HOLMAN, Nigel, Chyverton, Zelah, Truro, Cornwall. HOOD, Richard S., The Grange, High Street, Bursledon, Southampton S03 8DL. HOPKINS, D. H., Chatsworth Gardens, Chatsworth, Bakewell, Derbyshire. , HOPPE, J., 48B High Sreet, Sevenoaks, Kent TN13 IJG.;. "', HUDLESTON, Miss H. J., The Bungalow, Lighthouse Road, The :Lizai'd,'He~§ton,Cornwall TRI27NT. ' " HULME, 1. K., Mickwell Brow, Ness, Neston, Wirral, Merseyside. HUSSEY, F. J., Beach Farm House, Abbotsbury, Weymouth, Dorset. HYDE, Mrs. M. A., 26 Sandhills Road, Barnt Green, Birmingham B54 8NR. HYDE, W. G., Woodlands Nursery Gardens, Carroll Avenue, Ferndown, Dorset. INGRAM, Capt. Collingwood, The Grange, Benenden, Cranbrook, Kent. JARVIS, J. C., 48 Great North Road, Highgate, London N6. JESSEL, Sir George, Ladharri House, Gondhurst, Kent. JOHNSTONE, Mrs. A., Trewithen, Grampound Road, Truro, Cornwall. JONES, C. E., 23, Hinderton Drive, West Kirby, Wirral, Merseyside L48 8BN. KAYE, Reginald, Waithman Nurseries, Silverdale, Carnforth, Lanes. LA5 OTY. ·KEATING, Miss H., Plas yn Rhiw, PwllheIi, Gwynedd, N. Wales. KINKEAD, Mrs. O. M. A., Isabell Hair Stylist, High Street, Chew Magna, Avon. KITSON, Mrs. B., Draynes Valley, Liskeard, Cornwall. KNAP HILL NURSERY Ltd., Barr's Lane, Knaphill, Woking, Surrey. KNIGHT, F. P., 3 Newlands, Elmsett, Ipswich IP7 6NZ. , ' KRAUSE, L., 29 Eastern Avenue, Pinner, Middlesex HA5 lNW.:. LAKIN, Mrs. A. V., 55 Weoley Avenue, Selly Oak, B'ham B29 6PP. LANGFORD, Mrs. B., 19, Ferndown Avenue, Sedgley, Dudley, W~st Midlands DY3 3LG. 84 LAVERICK, Dr. John V., IA Deepdene, Potters Bar, Herts. EN63DF. LEECH, Mrs. P. A., 7 Ashford Avenue, Pontesbury, Salop SY7 OQN. LEWIS, T. K., Boehm of Malvern England Ltd., The Studio, Tanhouse Lane, Malvern, Worcs. WRI4ILG. LINK, Bertram C., Chatsworth Gardens, Bakewell, Derbyshire. LISTER, Dr. H. K. N., Bratton Hill, Minehead, Somerset. LOCK, Surgeon Capt. J. A. N., Lower Coombe Royal, Kingsbridge, S. Devon. LODER, Sir Giles, Bt., Leonardslee, Horsham,Sussex. 'LORT-PHILLIPS, Mrs S., I Cheyne Walk, London S.W.3. LOWNDES, D. B., Mac Penny's Nurseries, Bransgore, Christchurch, Hants. McALEESE, J. W., 39, Nailcote Avenue, Tile Hill, Coventry CV49GJ. McCLINTOCK, David, Bracken Hall, Platt, Kent TNl5 8JH. 'McDONALD-BUCHANAN, Lady, Cottesbrooke Hall, Northampton. McDONALD, Mrs. E. A., Chine Cottage, Pikes Hill Avenue, Lyndhurst, Hants. S047AX. McMILLAN-BROWSE, P. D. A., Oakwood, Kirby Bellars, Melton Mowbray, Leics. MACKIE, A. J., Skirmett, Henley-on-Thames, Oxon. MAGOR, M~or E. W. M., Lamellen, St. Tudy, Bodmin, Cornwall. PL303NR. MAGOR, Miss A., Lamellen, St. Tudy, Bodmin, Cornwall. PL303NR. MANSEL, Desmond, Meadow Cottage Nursery, Chelwood Gate, Haywards Heath, Sussex. MARGADALE, Lady, Fonthill House, Tisbury, Salisbury. 'MARSH, Miss M., 26 Dulwich Wood Avenue, London, SEI9. MASSEY, A. W., 222 Hampstead Road, Watford, Herts. WDI 3LL. MARTIN, Mrs. M. E., 'Coleraine', Higher Tremena Road, St. Austell, Cornwall. MATTHEWS, Dr. E. T., 54 Selly Wick Road, Selly Bank, Birmingham 29. MATTHEWS, John, 32, Grange Avenue, Ballymena, Co. Antrim, N. Ireland BT42 2DX. MAYERS, Dan E., Lorien, Wadhurst, Sussex TN5 6PN. METCALFE, C. T. B., 7, Martin Road, Mossley Hill, Liverpool LI8 4RN. MILDMAY-WHITE, The Hon. Mrs. J., Pamflete, Holbeton, Plymouth. MILLER, Robin P., 7 Ripplevale Grove, London NI IHS. MILLER, Mrs. W. E. P., Foxboro Hall, Woodbridge, Suffolk IPl2 INB. MITCHELL, Miss R., Pendragon, St. Mary's, Isles of Scilly, Cornwall, MOBERLY, Miss E. M., Fairlea, Bideford, N. Devon. MORGAN, W. P. C., Westbrook, 30 St. James Gardens, Swansea SAl 6DT. MOUNT, G. R., Preston House, Scafield Road, East Preston, Sussex. MYATT, The Rev. Philip B., Walcot Rectory, 6 Rivers Street, Bath BAI 2PZ. NEALE, J. K., Trevorick, Carclew, Perranarworthal, Truro, Cornwall. NELMES, W., Parks & Baths Dept., King George V Drive, Heath Park, Cardiff. NETTLE, R. J., The Rookery, Rotherfield Park, East Tilsted, Alton, Hants. NICHOLLS, Mrs. M. R., The Cottage, 7 Littleham Road, Exmouth, Devon EX8 2QQ. NOBLE, D. I., 56 Withert Avenue, Bebington, Wirral, Merseyside L63 5NF. NOBLE, Sir Michael, Strone House, Cairnctow, Argyllshire. NORRIS, Mrs. R, Woodley, Woodgreen, Fordingbridge, Hants. ORMAN, W. G., Church Cottages, Hampreston, Wimborne, Dorset. PALMER, Lady Anne, Rosemoor, Torrington, Devon EX38 7EG. PARKER, Mrs. Anthony, Delamore, Cornwood, Ivybridge, S. Devon PL21 9QT. PEARSON, Geoffrey B., Lark Rise, Godolphin Cross, Helston, Cornwall. PENROSE, Commander B. E., Killiow House, Truro, Cornwall TR36AG. PERKINS, Mrs. M., Mill Cleave, Withypool, Nr. Minehead, Somerset. PERRING, Miss C. E., Watermill House, Watermill Lane, Pett, Sussex TN35 4HY. PETTIFER, E. H., 47 Lionel Road, Brentford, Middlesex TW8 9QZ. PHAROAH, Malcolm, Lower Tithe Barn, Marwood, Bamstaple, N. Devon. PICTON, P. W., Asterville, Brockhill Road, Colwall, Malvern, Worcestershire·. PINCKNEY, G. H., Ward's Hill, Chapel Lane, Bagshot, Surrey. PINNEY, G.F., C.B.E., Staplefield Court, Staplefield, Haywards Heath, Sussex RHl7 6EN. POTTER, Mrs. A. H., King's Copse, Pinewood Road, Wentworth, Surrey. PRATT, M. C., The Hazels, Lower Street, Fittleworth, Pulborough, Sussex. 'PRICE, Lady, Wakehurst Place, Ardingly, Sussex. PROUDLEY, Brian W., CI- 19lA Sheepcote Lane, Garston, Watford, Herts. WD2 7DD. PUDDLE, Charles, Bodnant Garden, TaI-y-Cafn, Colwyn Bay, Clwyd LL28 5RE. ROBERTSON, B. A., Traquair Park West, Edinburgh EHl2 7AN, Scotland. ROBINSON, Mrs. J. R. M., Mill Hill Lodge, Barnes Common, London SWl3 OHS. ROBINSON, Mrs. K. M., 20 Shaun Drive, Rhyl, Clwyd LLI8 4LH. 85 ROBOROUGH, Lady, Bickham House, Roborough, Plymouth, S. Devon. ROPER, Lanning, 29A Clarendon Gardens, London W9 lAZ. ROWLEY, C. A., 130 Whitmore Road, Harrow, Middlesex. ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, (The Regius Keeper), Edinburgh 3, Scotland. SAUNDERS, A. J., Knights Nurseries Ltd., 3 Ersham Road, Hailsham, E. Sussex BN27 3LD. SAVAGE, B. F., Culver Keys, Broadmore Green,Rushwick, Worcester WR2 5TE. SEILLIER, Miss S. M., 137 Wood Street, Barnet, Herts. SIERTSEMA & SON, C. E., Oakfield Nurseries, Stapeley, Nantwich, Cheshire. SILK, W., 53 Halesowen Road, Lydiate Ash, Bromsgrove B61 OQL. SIMPSON, L. I., Leyswood House, Groombridge, Tunbridge Wells, Kent. SINGER, Miss V. B. M., 'Tamarisk', Smallfield Road, Horley, Surrey. SLOCOCK, J. A., Charles Hill Nursery, Tilford, Farnham, Surrey. SMART, Dr. J. A., Marwood Hall, Barnstaple, N. Devon EX31 4EB. SPARKES, A. G., Churchfield, Station Rd., East Preston, Sussex BNl6 3AJ. SPARROW, Miss S. 1., B. A., Waltacre, Yealmpton, Plymouth, Devon PL8 2LY. SPEED, G. R., High Trees, Oldhill Wood, Studham, BedS LU6 2NF. STEEL, Mrs. M. H., Wyndhurst, Pelham Road, Grimsby DN34 4SU. STEVENS, W. H., "Wilmina", Moor Lane, Cleadon, Sunderland. STOCK, Allen L., Furzefield Cottage, Bosham Hoe, Chichester, W. Sussex. STOKES, Bertram G., Home Mead, Glanvilles Wootton, Sherborne, Dorset. 'STRATHCONA & MOUNT ROYAL, The Lord, Kiloran, Isle of Colonsay, Argyllshire, Scotland. STUCLEY, The Hon. Lady S. M. W., Hartland Abbey, Bideford, Devon. SUTEHALL, Roger, Church House, Egerton, Kent. TETT, Mrs. Shirley, 32 Lamellyn Road, Par, Cornwall. THOBURN, H. F., Pympne Manor, Benenden, Cranbrook, Kent TN17 4AR. THOMAS, Dr. W. Rees, High Hackhurst, Abinger Hammer, Dorking, Surrey. THOMPSON, A. S., Director, Northern Horticultural Society, Harlow Car Gardens, Harrogate, Yorkshire. TOBEY, W. B., The Shelter, Chillington, Kingsbridge, S. Devon. TOOBY, H. J., New House Farm, Bransford, Worcester WR6 5JR. TOPHAM, A. E., 19 Kingston Road, Bridlington, Yorkshire. TREE, Lady Anne, Shute House, Donhead St. Mary, Shaftesbury, Dorset. TREHANE, David, Trehane, Probus, Truro, Cornwall. TRESEDER, Neil G., Treseder's Nurseries Ltd., Truro, Cornwall. TRY, Reginald A. R., "Byways", St. Leonards Hill, Windsor, Berks SL4 4AY. TURNER, Mrs. M. E., 4 Cresthill Avenue, Grays, Essex RMl7 5UJ. TUSTAIN, Mrs. I., The Cottage, Burley Bushes, Burleigh Road, Ascot, Berks. 'URLWIN-SMITH, P. 1., Earley Cottage, Earleydene, Sunninghill, Ascot, Berks. VAN GEEST, L., Fulney House, Spalding, Lines. 'VESTEY, Mrs. P. J., Parkgate House, Ham Common, Richmond, Surrey. VIVIAN-BROWN, Dr. H., 4 Springfield Drive, Wedmore, Somerset BS28 4AB. VYVYAN, Richard, South Meadow, Woodbury, Exeter, Devon. WADDELL, Miss S. J., Ravelston, Webbs Lane, Beenham, Nr. Reading, Berks. WAIN, Mrs. Doris M., 25.Granby Road, Stretford, Lanes. M32 8JL. WAINMAN, Charles, The Tower House, Hinton St. George, Somerset. WAKEFORD, R. P., The Mount, 14 Cottenham Park Road, Wimbledon, London SW20 ORZ. WARD, T. B., Crossways, Hitchin Road, Letchworth, Herts. WATERHOUSE, D. P., Riverside, Bathpool, Launceston, Cornwall. WAY, Mrs. E. M., Branksome, Studley Green, Nr. Stokenchurch, High Wycombe, Bucks. WEBB, W. R. B., Barbers, Martley, Worcester. WEIGALL, Brig. E. T., Cottage Hill, Rotherfield, Crowborough, Sussex TN6 3JW. WELCH, Mrs. E., The Wansdyke Nursery, Hillworth Road, Devizes, Wilts. WELCH, H. J. The Wansdyke Nursery, Hillworth Road, Devizes, Wilts. 'WELD, Col. J. W., Lulworth Manor, Wareham, Dorset. WHITE, J. S. H., 22, Wellesley Court, Maida Vale, LondonW9. WHITE, K. M., Hazelhurst, Blackpool Corner, Axminister, Devon EX13 5VH. WILLIAMS, D. D., Robbers Hall, Croyde,.N. Devon. 'WILLIAMS, F. Julian, Caerhays Castle, Gorran, St. Austell, Cornwall. WILLIAMS, Mrs. Mary,O.B.E., 'Trewidden', Penzance, Cornwall. WILLIAMS, Mrs. O. M., The BuddIe Homestead, Niton Underc1iff, Ventnor lOW. WILLIAMS, Mrs, W. J., 55 Dolphin Court Road, Paignton, Devon TQ3 lAG 86 WILSON, Miss Joan, 32 Quarry Park Road, Cheam, Surrey. WOOD, Dr. H. J., 19 Canford Drive, Allerton, Bradford, Yorkshire. WOOD, Capt. T. A. V., Boscovey House, 23 Hillside Avenue, Par, CornwallP124 2UF. WOODS, Miss M. H., 34 Frederica Road, Winton, Bournemouth BH9 2NA. WOOLLJ;:Y, Dr. Alan W., Melbourne House, Wells, Somerset. WYNDHAM, Mrs. J. C., 142 Park Avenue, Enfield, Middlesex. YATES, John T., 120 Bishopsgate, London EC2. 'YATES, Mrs. G., "The Rowans", Ollerton Road, Arnold, Nottingham N65 8PR. 'YATES, Geoffrey, "The Rowans", Ollerton Road. Arnold. Nottingham N65 8PR. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ACKERMAN, Paul, 144-15 Newport Avenue, Rockaway Beach, N.Y. 11694. ACKERMAN, Dr. William L., P.O. Box 41, Ashton, MD. 20702. AMASON, Carl R., P.O. Box 164, Calion, Ark. 71724. AMERICAN CAMELLIA SOCIETY, P.O. Box 212, Fort Valley, Ga. 31030. ARCURI, Philip, 60-73 Gates Avenue, Ridgewood, N.Y. 11227. ASHUCKIAN, Haig S., 3530 Hamlin Road, Lafayette, Ca. 94549. L. H. BAILEY HORTORIUM, 467 Main Library, Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y. 14850. BARROW, Wm. Chester, 502 5th Avenue East, Cordele, Georgia 31015 BEATTY, Dr. Earl Jr., Forrest Drive, Fort Valley, Ga. 31030. BECKER, F. F., II., 717 So, Church Street, Brookhaven, Miss. 3%01. BERRY, Benjamin H., 471 Country Club Lane, Coronado, Cal. 92118. 'BISSELL, Mrs. Alfred, 1106 Hopeton Road, Wilmington, Del. 19807. BLOOM, Harry M., 3801 Broadway, Oakland, Calif. 94611. BOUDREAUX, Dudley P., P.O. Box 146, .Port Neches, Texas 77651. BROWN, Mrs. Charles T., P.O. Box 7, Guyton, Ga. 31312. BROWN, Milton H., P.O. Box 212, Fort Valley, Ga. 31030. BUTLER, Charles R., 3759 Oakwood Lane, Mobile, Ala. 36608. CAMELLIA FESTIVAL ASSCN., 724J St. Rm. 101, Sacramento, California 95814. CARROLL, Dr. Emil, 4 Briarwood, Conroe, Texas 77301. CAWOOD, Harold, 809 Hancock Drive, Americus, Ga. 31709. CLOWER, T. S., 1312 27th Avenue, Gulfport, Miss. 39501. COMBER, J. R., 105 Shasta Road, Pensacola, Fla. 32507. COOPER, Joseph W., Jnr., 16 Turnagain Road, Kentfield, Cal. 94904. COUNTY OF LOS ANGELES, Dept. of Aboreta & Botanic Gardens, 301 North Baldwin Avenue, Arcadia,Cal. 91006. DAVIS, Arthur M., 1544 Ilikai, 1777 Ala Moana Boulevarde, Honolulu, Hawaii 96815. DIXON, Johnny L., Rfd. 1, Box 224, Blackshear, Ga. 31516. DONNAN, William W., 3521 Yorkshire Road, Pasadena, Cal. 91107. DUPREE, Mrs. Julian V., 1200 Gornto Road, Valdosta, Ga. 31601. EDMONDSON, Mrs. Francis L., 2640 Mabry Road, N.E., Atlanta, Ga. 30319, ELLIS, Jay W., P.O. Box 888, Keystone Heights, Fla. 32656. FAUSTMAN, Dr. & Mrs. D. Jackson, 2415 L. St., Sacramento, Cal. 95816. FEATHERS; David L., 1 Camellia Lane, Layfayette, Cal. 94549. 'FENDIG,Albert, 201 Butler Avenue, St. Simons Island, Ga. 31522. 'FENDIG, Mrs. Albert, 201 Butler Avenue, St. Simons Island, Ga. 31522. FENDIG, Mrs Edwin, P.O. Box 797, St Simons Island, Georgia 31522. FETTERMAN, Mrs. L., P.O. Box 306, Clinton, Nth. Carol. 28328. FOSS, Wilber W., 1380 Winston Avenue, San Marino, Calif. 91108. FRESHWATER, W. F., 416 West Church Street, Fort Valley, Ga. 31030. GEISER, Mr. & Mrs. John, P.O, Box 58, Slidell, La. 70458: GERMAN, Eugene R., P.O. Box 454, .Fort Bragg, Cal. 95437. 'GISH, T. J., Apt. 2<::., 99 Wymount Terrace, Provo"Utah 84601. GOERTZ, W. F., 1835 Carlisle Drive, San Marino, Cal. 91108. GOTHARD, Clair S., 39i9 Riley, Houston, Texas 77005. GRACE, Mrs. W. R., Old Westbury, Long Island, N.Y. 11568. 'GRAHAM, Mrs. James S., 2736 College Street, jacksonville, Fla. 33205. GRODEN, Mrs. John F., 25 Shady Brook Lane, Belmont, Mass. 02178. GROSSO, Pete, 1424 Encina Avenue, Modesto, Cal. 95351. HAAS, Edwin R. Jnr., P.O. Box 2090, Atlanta, Ga. 30301. HACKNEY, S. H., 4112 Sherbrooke Drive, Charlotte, N.C. 28210. HAGERMAN, E. K., 9435 Timberloam, Dallas, Texas 75217. 87 HALBERT, Judge Sherrill, 2042 U.S. Courthouse, 650 Capitol Mall, Sacramento, Cal. 95814. HALL, Douglas Deane, 22 Primrose Street, Chevy Chase, Md. 20015. HALL, Houghton S., 66 Fawn Drive, San Anselmo, Cal. 94%0. HALLSTONE, Ken, 996 Victoria Ct., Lafayette, Cal. 94549. HANCKEL, Richardson, "Coberg", P.O. Box 3128, Charleston, S.C. 29407. HENRY E. HUNTINGTON LIBRARY, 1151 Oxford Road, San Marino, California 92208. HERNDON, John M., 4209 Burrell Way, Sacramento, Cal. 95825. HICKS, Col. R. D., Post Office Box 1173, Ozark, Ala. 36360. HILL, Mrs. Julian W., 1106 Greenhill Avenue, Wilmington, Del. 19805. HIRST, Blythe S., 631 N.E. 110th Avenue, Portland, Ore. 97720. HODGSON, Mrs. Robert E., 1166 Oxford Road, N.E., Atlanta, Ga. 30306. HOURIHAN, Mrs. Mary, 109 Weymouth Street, Upper Marlboro Md. 20870. HOUSER, Dr. Frank M., 1487 Waverland Drive, Macon, Ga. 31201. HUFFARD, Mrs. Mildred W., Box 6042 Churchland Br., Portsmouth, Va. 23703. LIBRARIAN, The, Hunt Botanical Library, Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pa. 15213. IRELAND, Dr. Philip W., 6100 Walhonding Road, Washington, D.C. 20016. . JARVIS, Mrs. William T" 9 E. Melrose Street, Chevy Chase, Md. 20015. JOHNSTON, Mr. & Mrs. W. B., 1715 Farris Av. No., Fresno, Ca. 93705. JONES, Jack M., P.O. Box 9966, Savannah, Ga. 31410. KEETON, ,Charles L., 620 E. 5th Street, Long Beach, Miss. 39560. KEMP, Mrs. Elizabeth A., 1518 E. Mulberry Street, Goldsboro, N.C. 27530. KEMP, William P., 1518 E. Mulberry Street, Goldsboro, N.C. 27530. KIMES, E. N., 2111 E. Main Street, ElDorado, Ark. 71730. KINCAID, Mrs. Paul, Post Office Box 2417, Gastonia, N.C. 28052. LATTIN, C. W., Rt. 1, Box 46, Dalewood Lake, Lauderdale, Miss. 39335. LAUGHLIN, Mrs. William K., Box 1392, Southampton, N.Y. 11%8. LEWIS, Edward M., %15 N.E. 14th, Bellevue, Wash. 98004. LIIPFERT, James C., 701 Forrest Driye, Fort Valley, Ga. 31030. . LINDA HALL LIBRARY, 5109 Cherry Street, Kansas City, Missouri 64110. LYNN, Jack T., 205 McMillan Trail, Little Rock, Ark. 72207. LYTLE, Warriner V., 1316 Allen Avenue, Glendale, Cal. 91201. McCAHILL, Thomas D., Rt. 1, Box 45, Hanover Court House, Va. 23069. 'McCASKILL, Jack, 25 So. Michillinda Avenue, Pasadena, Cal. 91107. McCASKILL, VERN, 25 So. Michillinda Avenue, Pasadena, Cal. 91107. McCOY, James H., 3531 Scottywood Drive, Fayetville, N.C. 28303. MALLORY, Mr. & Mrs. C. T., 7 Bradley Lane, Little Rock, Arkansas 72207. MANNING, John V., 1603 West 219th Street, Torrance, Cal. 90501. MARICE, Mrs. P. J., 68 Crenshaw Street, Mobile, Ala. 36606. MASS. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY LIBRARY, 300 Mass Avenue, Boston, Mass. 02115. MAYER, Lawrence T., P.O. Box 6403, Savannah, Ga. 31405. MAYFIELD, Douglas, 1612 Rosemont Drive, Baton Rouge, La. 70808. MAYO, Mr. & Mrs. Fred B., 334 De Vane Street, Fayetville; N.C. 28305. MEALING, Dr. H. G., Snr., 103 West Forrest Avenue, No. Augusta, S.C. 29841. MENARD, Mrs. Paul A., 131 Pinewood Drive, Slideil, La. 70458, MILES, Helen M., 11 Park Way, Larkspur, Cal. 94939. MOON, Mr. & Mrs. C. T., P.O. Box 71, Springfield, 8th. Carol. 29146. MOORE, Dr. Harry T., 5627 Hillsborough Road, Nashville, Terin. 3721,5. MORGAN, George B., P:O. Box 3607, Beaumont, Texas 77704; " . MORRISON, Mrs. A. E., 2701 Capitol Avenue, Apt. 305, Sacramento, Cal. 95816. MOVICH, John, 932 No. Park Avenue, Pomona, Cal. 91768. . MUSE, Mrs. Paschal, Box 35, Perry, Ga. 31069. NATHAN, Dr. Daniel E., P.O. Box 352, Fort Valley, Ga. 31030. NUCCIO'S NURSERIES, 3555 Chaney Trail, Altadena, Calif.; 91001. OLIVER, W. c., P.O. Box 244, Pooler, Ga. 31322. . . OLRICH, Jerry, 1700 26th Street, Sacramento, Cal. 95816. . OREGON CAMELLIA SOCIETY, %15 N.E.14th, Bellevue, Wash. 98004. PACE, Berkeley M., 638 Pine Street, Upland, Cal. 91786. PAIGE, Harold L., 1212 Monticello Road, Lafayette, Calif. 94549: PARKER, Mr. & Mrs. Carlton 0., 860 Wellesley Drive, Atlanta, Ga. 30305. PARKER, Mrs. Esther G., 177 Lake Street, Sherborn, Mass. 01770. PARSONS, Alison J., 7439 Flicker Pt., Algonquin Park, Norfolk, Va. 23505. PEER, Mrs Monique I., Park Hill, 8159 Hollywood Boulevarde, Los Angeles, Cal. 90069. 88 PERKINS, Thomas H., III., 405 Perkins Drive, Brookhaven, Miss. 39601. ·PHELPS, Miss Claudia L., P.O. Box 344, Bar Harbour, Maine 04069. PHILBRICK, Dr. Ralph N., Santa Barbara Botanic Garden, 1212 Mission Canyon Road, Santa Barbara, Cal. 93105. PIET, Meyer, 757 Anokia Lane, Arcadia, California 91006. PHILLIPS, Dr. Charles R., 608 North Market Street, Frederick, Maryland 21701. PINEAU, Cecile A., P.O. Box 108, Broussard, La. 70518. PLANTING FIELDS ARBORETUM, Post Office Box 58, Oyster Bay, N.Y. ll71. PRYOR, William A., 705 13th Avenue East, ~ordele, Ga. 31015. PURSEL, Frank V., 5833 Moraga Avenue, dakland, Cal. 94611. PUTNAM, Harry S., 29(l4 Eucalyptus Avenue', Long Beach, Cal. 90806. PYRON, Joseph H., Box 132, Reynolds, Ga. 31076. RAY, Mrs. Wilbur V., 5024E. Laurel Avenue, Fresno, Cal. 93727. REED, Frank F., ll61 East Howard Street, Pasadena, California 91104. RHYNE, Marshall H., P.O. Box 3.52; Belmont, N.C. 28012. RIGGINS, Mrs. Ward, 386 East-Bay' Street, Jesup, Ga. 31545. ROWE, Mrs. Harold L., 804 No. 1st Avenue, Upland, Cal. 91786. ROWELL, Milo E., Rowell Building, Van Ness & Tulare Street, Fresno, Cal. 93721. SCHWARTZ, Dr. Robert E., P.O. Box 669, Hattiesburg, Miss. 39401. SEARS, Andrew F., 10145 No. Smith Street, Portland, Ore. 97203. SEIBERT, Dr. R. J., Director, Longwood Gardens, Kennett Square,.Pa. 19348. SENAY, Mrs. Ellen B., 645 Wilson Road N.W., Atlanta, Ga. 30318. SEVERIN, Ella A., Bellefield Plantation, Georgetown, S.C. 29440. SHARP, Mrs. Bruce H., 7613 Willow Street, New Orleans, La. 70ll8. SHORT, Harvey F., 4280 Merritt Boulevard, La Mesa, Cal. 92041. ·SIMMONS, Mrs. Edward McIlhenny, Avery Island, La. 70513. ·SIMMONS, Mrs. Fisher, Avery Island, La. 70513. SMITH, Mrs.T.J., P.O.Box 276, McRae,Ga.}lQ55. ·SPENGLER, Mrs. Joseph J., 2240 Cranford Road, Durham, N.C. 27706. SQUYRES, Louis, 2606 Copeland Road, Tyler, Texas, 75701. STAHLMAN, Mrs: Hugh 1., Jnr., P.O. Box 1346, Natchez, Miss. 39120. STEINDORFF, H. W., ll5 Woodland Drive, Greenville, Alab. 36077. STONE, Mrs. Henry S., 3060 Oleander Street, Baton Rouge, La. 70806. SWINDELL, Mrs. James P., P.O. Box 36, Jesup, Georgia 31545. THOMAS, Oark W., 128 West 6th Street, San Dimas, Cal. 91773. THOMAS, Joe, 555 Emily Place, Macon, Ga. 31204. THOMAS, Mrs. W. W., 1888 Wycliff Road N.W., Atlanta, Ga. 30309. TODD, Moses G., 510 Carlisle Way, Norfolk, Va. 23505. TOLSON, E. L., Jr., 13A Pine Lake Drive, Whispering Pines, N.C. 28389. TOM DODD NURSERIES INC., Tom Dodd Jnr., P.O. Box 35 Semmes, Ala. 36575. TOMLINSON, Frank N., Tomlinson's Nurseries, 11758 E. Whittier Bvd, Whittier, Cal. 90601. TREISCHEL, Roger R., 1636 Golf Club Drive; Glendale, Cal. 91206. . UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, Biomedical Library, Centre for Health Sciences, Los Angeles, Cal. 90024. UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON ARBORETUM, Office XD-IO, Seattle, Washington 98195. U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE, A.S,R., U.S. National Arboretum, 24th & R. Streets, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20002. URQUHART, Mrs. C. F., Jnr., P.O. Box 85, Courtland, Vir. 238838. VALLOT, Earl E., Grandview Nursery, Rfd. Box 54, Youngville, La. 70592. VAN DOREN, A. R., Apeldoorn, 17 Ingleside Drive, Stamford, Conn. 06903. VENERABLE, James T., 10425 Woodbine Lane, Huntley,lll. 60142. WAGNER, Dr. Kenneth C., 6154 Whitestone Road, Jackson, Mississippi 39206. WAKEFIELD HORTICULTURAL SERVICES, Post Office Box 2114, Conroe, Texas 77301. WALKER, Helen G., 2700 Verona Road, Palm Springs, Cal. 92262. . WALDEN, Spencer C., Jnr., P.O. Box 1787, Albany, Ga. 31702. WARING, Mrs. Joseph 1.,1500 Old Town Road, Charleston, S.C. 29407. WESTGATE, Reland B., 1760 Porpoise Point, Savannah, Ga. 31410. WHITE, Mr. & Mrs. John C., 3301 Hawthorn Lane, Falls Church, Vir. 22042. WILLSEY, S. A., P.O. Box 1736, Orlando, Fla. 32810. WINDHAM, Judge Whit, Room 303, Courthouse, Birmingham, Ala. 35203. ZIMMERLI, Mrs. Ellsworth, 15 Ninth Lane, Ridgefield, Conn. 06877. The International Camellia Society's "Year" now dates from 1st .January ... so KINDLY MAIL YOUR 1977 SUBSCRIPTION NOW

It has been apparent for some time that considerable confusion was caused by the Society's financial year commencing on 1st April, instead of conforming with the calendar year. In consequence, your Directors have voted to change commencement of the ICS year to 1st January as from 1977. Whilst 1976 subscriptions technically provided membership until 31 March, the Society hopes you will generously recognise the amended subscription period, and also take into account that the Society is thereby able to avoid any increase in subscription fee for 1977. Please make out your cheque or money-order to "International Camellia Society", and mail to any of the Regional Membership Representatives listed below. You will receive the Society's 1977 Membership Card in acknowledgement of your remittance.

AFRICA (R 5.00) Dr John P. Rourke, Private Bag X7, Claremont 7735, South Africa. AUSTRALIA ($4.50) Mr Greg Smith, 28 Greendale Avenue, St. Ives, N.S.W. 2075, Australia. AMERICA ($6.00) Mr Houghton S. Hall, 66 Fawn Drive, San Anselmo, California 94960, U.S.A. ASIA (Y 1800) Mr Koichi Yamada, 95 Kitano-cho 3-chome, Ikuta-Ku, Kobe, Japan. FRANCE (26,00 Frs) M. Claude Thoby, Route de Paris, B.P.3, 44470 Carquefou, France. ITALY and SWITZERLAND (lire 3800) Dr Antonio Sevesi, Piazzale Cadorna 6, 20123 Milano, Italia. NEW ZEALAND ($5.00) Mr Owen Moore, No.2 R.D., Wanganui, New Zealand. UNITED KINGDOM (£2.50) Mr H. John Tooby, New Farm House, Bransford, Worcester WR6 5JB, England.