THE GREEK AUSTRALIAN The oldest circulating Greek newspaper outside VEMA Greece APRIL 2013 Tel. (02) 9559 7022 Fax: (02) 9559 7033 E-mail: [email protected] MEDIA’S IMPACT ON OUR CHILDREN: Parenting the Net Generation: Part 2 PAGE 7/25 US ON

Christian Architectural Symbolism and the Holy ALERT Monastery of Pantanassa AFTER BOSTON MARATHON CARNAGE PAGES 10/28-11/29 The FBI has launched a potential terrorist investigation "We will find out who did this. We'll find out why they after at least three people died when twin explosions did this," Obama said in his brief, three-minute state- ripped through the finish line of the Boston Marathon. ment. More than 100 people were injured in the near-simul- "Any responsible individuals, any responsible groups, taneous blasts, which happened as runners finished the will feel the full weight of justice." marathon, and with tens of thousands of spectators lin- Authorities say at least three people were killed and ing the streets. more than 80 injured during two explosions near the fin- TV footage showed the blood-stained street littered ish of the marathon. A senior US intelligence official said with casualties after runners were cut down by flying de- two other explosive devices were found near the end of bris. Dozens of people were taken from the scene on the 26.2-mile (40 kilometre) course. stretchers and in wheelchairs. Additionally, the president spoke with Republican and US president Barack Obama has put federal authorities Democratic leaders on Capitol Hill, saying that "on days on alert and vowed to bring those responsible for the like this, there are no Republicans or Democrats, we are blasts to justice. Americans united in our concern for our fellow citizens."

“Parthenon: An icon of Global Citizenship”

The International Organising Committee - Australia - for the Restitution of the Parthenon Marbles will host the International Colloquy: “Parthenon: An Icon of Global Citizenship” in Sydney from 15th to 17th November 2013. PAGE 6/24

Arcadia The heart of the Peloponnese retains a gen- We extend our sincere good wishes to all our readers uine rustic feel amid traditional villages and fir forests. for a Happy Easter in good health and family unity PAGE 19/37 APRIL 2013 2/20 TO BHMA The Greek Australian VEMA

Thessaloniki Jews mark deportations to Auschwitz

By Hadas Parush

It is exactly 70 years since the first de- portation of Jews from Thessaloniki (Sa- loniki) to Auschwitz, and the small com- munity that remains in the second lar- gest city in Greece will not let anyone forget. Thousands marched in Thessaloniki starting at Liberty Square, where Nazi oc- cupying forces assembled Jewish men aged 18 to 45 in 1942. There they were subjected to humiliation and beatings, and then registered and sent away to forced labor. The march continued to the old railway station where, on March 15, 1943, the Nazis first began sending Jews to the Auschwitz-Birkenau extermination camps. The Thessaloniki Jewish community, together with the World Jewish Congress and the Israeli Embassy in Athens, and at the initiative of Thessaloniki Mayor Yian- Thessaloniki Jews march Auschwitz deportation (Photo: Hadas Parush) nis Boutaris, invited members and repre- sentatives of Greek and other Jewish ty of his city to the victims of the Holo- locaust happen again in Greece. body cares, and the police does not care. communities for a weekend of events caust,” said Victor Eliezer, of the Central “The reason we are here today is be- I would say that the Greeks are feeling marking the anniversary and the memo- Board of Jewish Communities in Greece. cause we remember,” Samaras said. “We the danger but do not yet know what to ry of almost 50,000 Thessaloniki Jews Eliezer said that the Jewish community of will continue with legislative acts to fight do about it.” who perished in the Holocaust. Greece decided that now is the time, violence and racism. I commit myself and During this commemorative event, the “We have to give a strong message to while Holocaust survivors are still alive everybody in Greece to the saying: ‘Nev- Monastir synagogue was filled over ca- all of Europe and to Greece that we will and able to share their stories. Another er Again.’” pacity with people from the local and Eu- never permit this terrible thing to hap- factor, he added, is that the Greek gov- Samaras, who also spoke of the impor- ropean Jewish communities, presidents pen again,” said David Saltiel, the presi- ernment seeks to assure its Jewish citi- tance of the Jewish community to Greek and representatives of Jewish delega- dent of the Thessaloniki Jewish Commu- zens that there is no danger of anti-Semi- civilization, as well as the good relation- tions from around the world, local and nity. tism in Greece. ship between Greece and Israel, is the international media, as well as Mayor “If we want to be alive, if we want to This was reinforced by Prime Minister first Greek prime minister to honor the Boutaris and Prime Minister Samaras, by have a democratic country, we have to s- Antonis Samaras, who attended a con- Jewish community with his presence in a whom the words “Never Again” were re- tand against all this.” A combination of cluding ceremony in the Mo-nastir syna- synagogue. peated countless times throughout the circumstances brought about the idea to gogue, the only one of almost 60 syna- Perhaps the most pressing issue that two-and-a-halfhour ceremony. create this event for the first time. gogues that was not destroyed in the pushed to the organization of commem- “The financial crisis and ignorance are “We have here in Thessaloniki an intel- war. During his speech, Samaras empha- orating the first deportation is the con- creating prejudice and leading to a re- lectual mayor who feels the responsibili- sized he will not let anything like the Ho- tinued rise in support for Golden Dawn, a vival of anti-Semitism. Even in the Greek far-right political party which recently parliament we can hear voices calling to climbed up to 10-15% in a popular vote. harm foreigners,” said Natan Sharansky, Often described as neo-Nazi and fas- chairman of the Jewish Agency for Israel. cist, the party’s extreme nationalist “We cannot let the events which led to views and anti-immigration rhetoric, the the greatest disaster in history, the Holo- use of a very slight variation of the Nazi caust, to recur here in Greece.” swastika symbol on the party flags, and Ronald Lauder, president of the World its custom of greeting like the Hitler Jewish Congress, reminded the partici- salute, all send a clear signal to the Greek pants that “the Nazi party started as a Jewish community. splinter party,” and referring to the rise Although for the time being Golden of Golden Dawn, he said “Jews have Dawn supporters’ main target is the Afri- something to worry about today.” With can migrants, with gangs beating them the prime minister sitting behind him, up on the streets of Greece, Jews can’t Lauder concluded his speech saying that help but feel they might be next. Just re- Greece can be the first to set an example cently Golden Dawn made a statement to the rest of the word by outlawing calling for the creation of special schools Golden Dawn. only for Greeks, and other schools for The Jewish community of Thessaloniki non-Greeks. was the biggest community destroyed in “It was a clear racist declaration. The the Holocaust, losing 97% of its popula- political system knows very well the dan- tion. Only some 1,000 Jews survived and ger of the neo-Nazi party,” Eliezer said, returned to Thessaloniki to rebuild their adding that such statements are unac- lives. But the void of the rich and thriving ceptable in a modern country such as community, described as an integral part Greece. of both the economic and cultural life of “Big parts of the Greek society do not the city, seems to hover like a black feel yet the danger of the extreme Right, cloud over the second and third genera- because the poverty and the financial cri- tions that live here today. sis in Greece made many people desper- “The excellent relations that are still ate, and Golden Dawn actually goes to building between Greece and Israel and the desperate.” having here with us representatives of “I do not think that this is acceptable,” the World Jewry,” Eliezer said, “is a mes- Eliezer said, referring to the public acts sage that Greek Jewry is not alone and a of violence against African migrants. message of Jewish solidarity against any “Let’s say that this is the apathy of the danger from the extreme Right.” simple people who are walking in the streets and somebody is beaten and no- Source: The Jerusalem Post (22/3/2013) APRIL 2013 The Greek Australian VEMA TO BHMA 3/21 Editorial Cyprus: The geopolitical dimension

By Alexis Papachelas – Kathimerini, Athens ‘Cyprus bank solution won’t spread’

Cyprus’s entry into the European Union was billed Harsh bailout measures levied on wealthy bank de- as one of the greatest silent victories of Hellenism. It positors in Cyprus are unlikely to be adopted for oth- was the product of a long and organized battle fought er euro zone nations with failing banks, the central by Athens and Nicosia against the objections of the bank says. British and others who didn’t want to see Cyprus join Depositors with more than 100,000 euros at the the bloc. Bank of Cyprus will lose 30 per cent of their savings, For many, it was a pivotal moment as it placed the as part of a levy being raised, in order for that nation island republic in the safest possible haven following to get 10 billion euros ($A12.4 billion) to help its fail- decades of perilous adventures. ing banks. The other main bank in Cyprus, the Laiki For Ankara, it was a major strategic defeat as it was Bank will be wound up. forced to observe two Greek nations joining a private The deal spares all depositors with less than club to which Turkey did not have access. the possibility of the Cypriot democracy taking on the 100,000 euros from paying a previously proposed 6.4 The crucial question is whether Tuesday’s decision role of a Russian partner, possibly outside the euro? per cent tax, a key condition, now dropped, from an by the Cypriot House of Representatives not to accept So far, there have been no clear answers to these initial agreement that the Cypriot parliament rejected a tax on the vast majority of deposits in the island’s questions. In the next few days the Russian govern- last week. banks in order to qualify for a 10-billion-euro bailout ment’s actions will give a clear indication as to where RBA governor Glenn Stevens said the new proposal from the eurozone and the International Monetary it stands because up to now everything was based on is better than the initial proposal and was unlikely to Fund will change the geopolitical direction of the rumors and leaks. hurt confidence in banks elsewhere in the euro zone. country and in what way. At the same time the Cypriot political leadership “It is very difficult to predict how they will go, but The Germans are playing hard and in a clumsy fash- must weigh everything right now: Germany’s inten- they are in a better place now than they were,” he ion, without giving the impression that they under- tions, the geopolitical importance of the natural gas said. stand the geopolitical implications of the position reserves that have been discovered in Cyprus’s conti- Mr Stevens said he didn’t think this was a blueprint they have adopted. nental shelf, the position adopted by Israel as well as for other countries that may have problems with fail- The obsession regarding the “Russian oligarchs,” in what Russia plans to do next. ing banks. other words, could very well lead Nicosia into My impression is that the decisions that will be He said the bailout deals for Ireland, Greece, Portu- Moscow’s arms for good. reached by Cyprus and its President Nicos Anastasi- gal, Spain and Cyprus had all been different. Of course a crucial questions arises here: exactly ades over the next few days and weeks will reach far “So I’m not sure everyone of them is clearly the what do the Russians want from Cyprus? Is the island beyond the issue of who is going to pay what. template and I suspect the Europeans will be very country only useful for as long as it is part of the eu- These will most likely be the kind of decisions which case specific, as they do on these things,” he said. rozone? Or is it that they simply wish to see all Russ- will determine the geopolitical orientation of the ian funds return to their own banks? Do they foresee country for many years to come. 4/22 TO BHMA The Greek Australian VEMA APRIL 2013

A STRONG PASTORAL PERSPECTIVE

The Pastoral Program at All Saints Grammar Second- ary Campus places great importance in strengthening its contacts with the wider community in order to reap the benefits for its students. Academic Speaker, Jan Chisholm, from the Schools’ Engagement Unit, the University of Western Sydney re- cently visited the picturesque ‘Towers Campus’ and ad- dressed the parents and students of Years 5 - 8 about supporting young teenagers and assisting them to achieve personal bests. ‘Our parent body, dedicated to empowering and pro- gressing their children, enjoyed hearing about strate- Modern Olympic gies they could employ in attaining this goal. The dis- cussion focussed on individual learning styles, genera- tional differences and developing motivation and confi- revival at dence in our teenagers’, said Mrs Helene Baillie, Wel- fare Administrator. ‘It is never too early to plant the Panathenaic Stadium seed for achievement and success’. Jan Chisholm giving support to kids Recently, Denise Wright, Board of Studies Liaison Of- The Hellenic Olympic Academy, an initiative ficer, also visited the school and addressed a large audi- Police and this too will draw on the expertise of the launched by the Hellenic Olympic Committee, or- ence of parents and students of Years 11 and 12 on the community to directly benefit our students and keep ganised earlier this month, an event reviving the intricacies of the Higher School Certificate and the them safe in the cyber-world. first Modern Olympics of 1896, at the Panathenaic rights and responsibilities of these senior students. The ‘The success of our Pastoral Program at All Saints Stadium in central Athens. evening was enlightening for Staff, parents and stu- Grammar Secondary Campus lies in its common-sense The group enacted scenes from the original dents. approach to inspiring our beloved young people. This Games in an event aimed at raising funds for its ac- Also planned for next term is a session aimed at the step-by-step process of assisting the secondary school tivities, which include educational programs at parents and students of Years 9 and 10. ‘Technology student to develop to their full potential is well-reflect- schools on the history of the Olympic Games and on and Your Teenager’ will be presented by Senior Consta- ed in the three-tiered structure of our pastoral care and sportsmanship. ble Kim Handcock, Police Youth Officer, from Campsie welfare system- Nurture... Grow... Blossom.’ Sydney Hellenic Lyceum Orthodox Mission: has a home a quarterly magazine for the Eastern As many Greek Australians gathered to celebrate Greek Inde- Orthodox outreach to the nations pendence Day, the City of Sydney Council unanimously supported a motion put forward by Councillor The Orthodox Missionary Fraternity, based in Thessaloniki, has done Angela Vithoulkas (photo) for the amazing work over decades for our brothers and sisters council to investigate and find a in many developing countries, especially in Africa and the Indian suitable space for the storage and in many developing countries, especially in Africa and the Indian display of historic Hellenic Ly- subcontinent. ceum Greek costumes, jewellery subcontinent. and artefacts. Angela Vithoulkas, the first Greek-Australian woman elected to the City of Sydney Council, called on fellow Their website now has a beautiful edition of its magazine in English. It gives insights into councillors to formally support and acknowledge the Orthodox Christians mission all over the world. importance of finding a space to store and display the important collection that represents the local customs You can easily access it online for free. Go to - and traditions from different parts of Greece. Angela Vithoulkas, who worked tirelessly for months orthodoxmission.org.gr on this important project said, ‘I am so pleased that the Sydney Hellenic Lyceum now have a home, how won- orthodoxmission.org.gr derful that finally they can begin to receive the acknow- ledgement that they so rightly deserve. It is a cause for celebration and very fitting that this happened on the 25th March, National Greek Independence Day. The Council Chambers was full of applause and tears of joy...’ ‘Greek Australians are one of the largest and oldest migrant groups in Australia. While Hellenic Greek Cul- ture has significantly shaped and contributed to the City of Sydney since the 1850s, the cultural history of this di- verse group has been lovingly collected and preserved by generations of immigrant women in Sydney since Their message states: 1951, Victoria currently boasts five Greek (Hellenic) mu- seums, yet there are none in New South Wales. It was "Dear friends, therefore important that a solution be proposed now to assist the Lyceum with a short term strategy while they We recently published our last magazine issue also in English and we welcome your kind organise a permanent, independent long term solution comments on the translation and contents. We hope that this international publication will raise for the accommodation and display of these works. It is awareness of Orthodox Mission nowadays and it will inform those abroad about this holy not only important for Greek Australians, it is directly work. Please, communicate it to your acquaintances." relevant to the cultural history of the City of Sydney’, Angela Vithoulkas said. APRIL 2013 The Greek Australian VEMA TO BHMA 5/23

Our Primate’s View Prayer and Fasting

Entering once again the arena of Great Lent, it is only lay in His hands our life, to feel the warmth of dialogue natural to remember again the basic feats that have al- with Him, to proclaim to Him that we freely recognise ways characterised the ascesis of Orthodox Christians. Him as Lord of our life and our death. Likewise, fasting Among these feats, prayer and fasting hold a central surely has no special moral or spiritual value in itself - position. not even as diet - for God does not have our biological well-being as His measure. It is precisely for this reason When an Orthodox speaks of fasting, then prayer that St Paul, who lived so little and suffered so much, spontaneously comes to his mind. And when he speaks did not cease to confess clearly that “we shall not lose of prayer, fasting also automatically comes to his mind. anything if we do not eat, nor shall we gain anything if For these two means of communication with God are we do eat”; “food, however, will not improve our rela- interrelated. This is why Christ, too, when His disciples tionship with God”. tried, without success, to free some unfortunate per- By ARCHBISHOP son from the evil spirits which tormented him, recom- Fasting, therefore, acquires its moral and spiritual sig- STYLIANOS mended this dual means of prayer and fasting as the nificance from the moment that it becomes the means OF AUSTRALIA most powerful weapon that man has against the devil: and potential of our easier communication with God. “This kind cannot be driven out except by prayer and And indeed, by fasting man struggles in order to control fasting”. (Mark 9: 29). his unreasonable biological desires and instincts, to be- come more liberal, to abstain from the attractions of Since people, however, in our times want everything this world and so to become more transparent and analysed, “demythologised” and finally in most cases more receptive in his communication with the spiritual. undermined, this is why even among the baptised Or- thodox of our times there are people who cannot see From the above, then, it becomes more obvious that what justification prayer and fasting would have for the neither fasting nor prayer are - or should be - an end in contemporary “enlightened” and “liberated” person. themselves. They are means of communication with God and such communication is our quest and consum- And so they wonder what meaning there is in speak- mation. There is a beautiful Arabic proverb which says: ing to God in the form of prayer, exposing to Him this or “The soul wants neither coffee nor a cafe. The soul that problem or request, which in any case God of His wants company and the coffee is a pretext”. own knows as Omniscient. By the same token, such faithful wonder what difference it would make to God We could, therefore, say that fasting and prayer are whether they eat or do not eat this or that food in this two sacred “pretexts” for man to be able to break the or that quantity, and on this or that day. monologue and the complacent enclosure inside his ego, to be humbled and to communicate with God in Of course, these objections seem at first sight persua- order to receive the blessing, the illumination and sanc- sive and fair. He, however, that judges fasting and tification that guarantees this communication. For sure prayer in this manner surely has not conceived their the words of the Scripture will always have eternal au- deeper meaning. For, surely, the meaning of prayer is thority: “God resists the proud. but gives grace to the not to tell God what He does not know but to be hum- humble” (James 4: 6). bled before Him willingly, to open our heart to Him, to Margaret Thatcher: Her Master's Voice

By Nick Malkoutzis - Kathimerini, Athens before they became the enemy. Then came victory in It is a philosophy that was also adopted by New Labour the Falklands and the Big Bang in the City of London: under Tony Blair and Gordon Brown and has set the More than the bouffant hair, the handbags, the pow- bold moves that reaped large rewards for Thatcher and, tone of debate throughout Europe over the past couple er suits and pussybow blouses, it was the voice that lin- many would argue, for the UK. Britain gained an inter- of decades. gered. national role again, as “Maggie” became an interlocutor However it also provided a set of beliefs that regard- For anyone growing up in the UK in the 1980s, Mar- for Ronald Reagan and Mikhail Gorbachev. ed the market as close to faultless: self-correcting and garet Thatcher’s voice was unforgettable. That memo- Market forces, meanwhile, were creating new pros- self-regulating, certainly. This thinking provided the un- rable voice, though, was the product of elocution les- perity that blew away the cobwebs of the 1970s. Share- derpinning for much of the dramatic downfall of the sons, which were part of a wider effort to make Thatch- holders and consumers became the driving forces of a past few years. A financial industry that pursued profit er more appealing. This was not the only illusion of the new economy. It is perhaps what Austrian economist rather than a role as facilitator in a healthy and bal- Conservative leader’s time in power. Joseph Schumpeter had in mind when he spoke of “cre- anced economy is perhaps a fitting culmination for the One cannot question that when she became prime ative destruction.” era of “individual men and women” that Thatcherism minister in 1979, Thatcher took over a country in a It came at a huge cost, though. The emasculation of ushered in. steep decline. The economy was tanking, inflation was unionism in order to create a flexible labor market left As the UK and the eurozone seek to recover from this rising, industrial relations were mired and a general communities with an emptiness that would never be crisis (which in some countries, such as Greece, also has postcolonial malaise had descended over the UK. Get- filled. The unprecedented privatization drive spawned a much to do with the public sector), Thatcher’s creed is ting out of this mess was an immense challenge. new industry of stockbrokers, investment bankers, serving as a manual for some leaders. Rolling back the Legend has it that guided by her guru Keith Joseph lawyers and PR executives who were able to strike it role of the state and making labor markets supple are at and the monetarist principles of Milton Friedman, rich as inequality grew. While she claimed sell-off suc- the heart of policymaking. Thatcher blazed a trail to recovery and transformed cess, Thatcher also laid the track for the disastrous rail- As we look back on Thatcher’s legacy and ahead to Britain. That she changed the country beyond recogni- way privatization, which set the industry back years and what might be in store for the UK and Europe, there is tion is without doubt. That it was the result of a con- caused untold misery for passengers. Ultimately, one aspect that is not up for debate. certed plan which ultimately paid dividends is certainly Thatcher left a society divided, less just and bearing sig- Whether you believe in creative destruction or think debatable. The reality is that there was a good deal of nificant scars from the dogmatism that defined her lat- it is a fallacy, the only way you can truly judge it is to as- opportunism and luck to Thatcher’s early years. There er years. sess what has been destroyed and to evaluate what has were tax rises before tax cuts became de rigueur. There The Conservative leader recalibrated the relationship been created. In this respect, the Thatcher transforma- was a desire for closer union in Europe before Eu- between the public and private, between the collective tion seems far from glorious and, like her voice, more of roskepticism was born. There was pampering of unions and the individual, between the state and the investor. a deception. APRIL 2013 6/24 TO BHMA The Greek Australian VEMA

“Parthenon: An Icon of Global Citizenship”

The International Organising Committee - Australia - for the Restitution of the Parthenon Marbles will host the International Colloquy: “Parthenon: An Icon of Glo- bal Citizenship” in Sydney from 15th to 17th November 2013 In 2012, three leading campaigning organisations for the reunification of the Parthenon Marbles, from Aus- tralia, UK and USA, joined forces and organised an In- ternational Colloquy that was held in London. The event was timed to coincide with the third anniversary of the opening of the new Acropolis Museum and the occa- sion of the 2012 London Olympics one month later. The colloquy was aimed to promote an open dialogue and create further momentum for change, and was held on the 19th of June 2012, at the London Hellenic Centre. The event, which drew supporters from all cor- ners of the globe, was jointly presented by The British Committee for the Reunification of the Parthenon Mar- bles (BCRPM), The International Organizing Committee - Australia - for the Restitution of the Parthenon Mar- bles (IOC-A-RPM) and The American Committee for the Reunification of the Parthenon Sculptures (ACRPS). It was decided, and announced during the event, that it was the first of an annual series of conferences to be hosted by the three committees on a rotating basis. IOC-A-RPM will be the host of the 2013 Colloquy in Sydney Australia. The two-day event will attract cam- paigners, scholars and academics from around the world and will concentrate on four themes: Education, Economy, Activism and Litigation. The three commit- tees believe that this event will leave a legacy and cre- ate opportunities for open discussion between all par- ties involved. The Colloquy’s participants will also have the opportunity to be part of deliberation workshops on these themes and be part of the discussion that will result in specific recommendations towards all parties involved. More information can be found on the Colloquy’s website: www.parthenonmarblesaustralia.org.au/col- loquy2013 APRIL 2013 The Greek Australian VEMA TO BHMA 7/25

Growing up fast and furious Media’s impact on our children: Parenting the Net Generation: Part 2

By Fr George Liangas Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist Assistant priest, St Nectarios Church, Sydney

“Think of anything you post as a tattoo on your forehead. Who do you want to be look­ ing at that tattoo tomorrow, six months from now, six years from now?”. riences and praise them for the online communica- you do not know, and other unusual signs such tion that they do well. You will do well to advise them as getting gifts and mail from people you do Cliff Van Zandt, former FBI profiler and share your experience, but avoid angry or strong not know, observing your teen being evasive criticism. Make them active participants in the life of about new ‘friends’, or turning off the monitor the home, e.g. by giving them responsibilities around or switching screens quickly when you walk in This month we continue our discussion about man- the house. the room. Remain calm; be clear about the aging the interactions with our teenagers that help rules governing use of electronic media, go them deal with the dangers of the internet. This dis- Sex and the Media through their emails and contacts together cussion is based on the book ‘Me, MySpace and I: Par- with them (avoiding the temptation to do it enting the Net Generation’ by psychology of technol- Multitasking is a way of life for children and teen- behind their back). Deleting all communica- ogy expert Prof Larry Rosen1. agers. What are they watching, hearing and reading? tions should raise a red flag. Have the under- A big part is the consumption of a “sexual media di- standing that you have the right, at any time, Virtually Exposed et”, including massive amounts of nudity, sexual rela- to view their online behaviours and correspon- tions, innuendos, and discussions about having sex. dence. It is important that your teen under- stand that you will be monitoring what they A blog is a cross between an online newsletter, a This all leads to very disturbing trends in sexual atti- are doing, and it will be easier if they cooper- daily journal, and a diary. Many users of social net- tudes and behaviours. Teenagers are having unsafe ate. Keep in mind that most teenagers are not working sites (e.g. Facebook) write and maintain a and multiple sexual encounters at earlier ages, with- deceptive. Have rules that are sensible, firm blog. Many of them are adolescents. Teens write out considering the physical and emotional (let alone but not overbearing on your teenager. Consi- their version of blogs in the form of bulletins or com- spiritual) consequences. der moving the computer from their bedroom mentary and invite their “friends” to make com- These consequences are staggering: other than sex- to a common area. ments. Often they are personal, identifying, and emo- ually transmitted diseases and ‘unwanted’ pregnan- tionally loaded. Many teenage bloggers allow anyone cies, sexual attitudes get grossly distorted. Research to read and comment on them. has shown that watching even a few minutes of an Comment These comments often become points of advice. R-rated movie can lead to more lenient attitudes to- Thus the global village of the blogosphere becomes at wards sexual fidelity, promiscuity and rape. Even talk- Consider these scriptural comments in the light of once the teenagers’ audience and their personal advi- ing about sex can have the same impact as watching the above information: sors. Essentially, these teens are putting their lives sexual activity. “Blessed are the pure in heart, for they shall see online, leaving them virtually exposed. Blog respons- Here are some of Prof Rosen’s suggestions to pro- God.” (Matthew 5:8) es can be hurtful or damaging. Furthermore, blog ma- tect our children from such harm: “The lamp of the body is the eye. Therefore, when terial is permanent, and has implications for these 1. Controlling television. The American Acad- your eye is good, your whole body also is full of light. teens being later accepted at university, finding work, emy of Pediatrics recommends that children But when your eye is bad, your body also is full of and so forth. watch fewer than two hours of television per darkness”. (Luke 11:34) Here are some general suggestions for helping your day. It is not just the quantity, but the content “Or do you not know that your body is the temple adolescent understand the ramifications of putting of television that matters. However, simply re- of the Holy Spirit who is in you, whom you have from their thoughts and feelings online. stricting the amount and content of television God, and you are not your own?” (1 Corinthians 6:19) may not be enough. The following have been As parents we are responsible for our children’s 1. Discuss the potential pitfalls of putting infor- physical and emotional wellbeing. As Christian par- mation online that will last forever. Use this shown to reduce the impact the negative be- haviours and attitudes. First, monitor what you ents we are also responsible for their spiritual wellbe- opportunity to talk about what your child ing. Being careless about their spiritual wellbeing may might plan for his or her future and explain teen watches, not necessarily to ban certain shows, but just to be aware of what is on the be a sign of neglect of our parenting duties in the that what is discussed today online may hinder eyes of God. chances in the future. Carefully mention the screen. Discuss with them what they saw. You may watch a television show together, attend- Today’s parents may feel that they did not receive possibility of sexual predators. Strongly recom- enough direction in this domain as they grew up. mend that they set their profile to private. ing to how your teen is handling sexual content on television, and discussing the differences They may have found your own way in working out between the portrayal of sex on television and what is beneficial or harmful, and might think that 2. Talk to your teens about how what they say your children should be able to do the same. Howev- online might seriously hurt someone’s feelings, sex in the real world (including the emotional sequelae). er, things have changed, and without careful direc- whether intentionally or unintentionally. Have tion and support from parents, children are in danger a frank discussion of how online friendships 2. Talk about sex, as is developmentally ap- of having their souls severely polluted and damaged develop quickly and how these online encoun- by the time they reach adulthood. ters can affect each other’s emotional world. propriate for them, in a respectful way. Chil- dren are curious about these matters, and if Moreover, it is very difficult to help our children in These suggestions assume that you have good, they do not get the healthy perspective from this regard if we are not working hard at uprooting open communication with your teenager, so that the the parents, they will get it from their peers our own sexual passions and unedifying inclinations conversation happens in a constructive way. If you and the online world. from inside us. A close relationship with our spiritual are struggling to achieve such communication, you father will help us in our spiritual struggle, and conse- may need to work on that as its own priority. Think 3. Be aware of sexual predators. Even though quently our children. about how much quality time you are spending with such occurrences are rare, and that teens are your teenager, and use opportunities such as evening generally good at recognising inappropriate meals to discuss matters such as online communica- advances from strangers, it is prudent to be 1 Rosen LD. Me, MySpace, and I: Parenting the Net generation. New tion. Listen carefully as they discuss their online expe- alert. Monitor phone bills for phone numbers York: Palgrave MacMillan; 2007. APRIL 2013 8/26 TO BHMA The Greek Australian VEMA

Tensions reach new climax in Egypt Tensions are reaching a new climax in Egypt as Chris- pealed for calm and that President Morsi has de- tians are attacked at the St Marks Cathedral in Cairo nounced the violence and called for an immediate in- whilst burying their dead. vestigation. Religious tensions in Egypt regularly appear in the Curlewis said “President Morsi has a responsibility to news. In recent years attacks have taken place with protect all citizens of Egypt and uphold the Universal churches bombed as worshippers attend Christmas Declaration of Human Rights to which his country is a services or welcome in the New Year. Coptic clergy are signatory. The Declaration states that everyone has the regularly reported missing or arrested and now violent right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion. attacks during funeral services. Even though the Coptic Christians represent less than “The safety of Coptic Christians is of increasing con- 10% of the population they have the same rights as cern” said the Reverend Tara Curlewis, general secreta- people of other faiths to practice their religious beliefs ry of the National Council of Churches in Australia (NC- in safety.” CA). “These latest attacks have taken place inside the St These persistent attacks on the Coptic Orthodox Marks Cathedral Complex which also contains the Papal Church are condemned by Churches around the world. residence of Pope Tawadros II. These attacks strike peo- complex is actually attacking the Church and all it The NCCA asks people of all faiths to pray for the ple when they are most vulnerable and at the place stands for.” restoration of peace and for increased religious toler- where they should feel safest. Attacking the Cathedral Reports from Egypt indicate Pope Tawadros has ap- ance amongst all people in Egypt. Germany owes Greece 162bln euros in WWII reparations, report suggests

German magazine Der Spiegel has picked up on a re- port in Greece that a panel of experts examining whether Berlin owes Athens Second World War repara- tions has concluded that the Greek government should receive a total of 162 billion euros. The German publication quotes a report in To Vima newspaper, which claims to have seen the figures in a report produced by the Finance Ministry committee as- signed to investigate the matter. Earlier this month, Alternate Finance Minister Chris- tos Staikouras refused to speak about the investiga- tion, saying that its findings were secret. Athens’ daily newspaper To Vima reports that the ex- perts found that Germany should pay Greece 108 bil- lion euros for damage to infrastructure and 54 billion euros for a loan that the Nazi occupation forces obliged Greece to take in order to pay Berlin during the war. The reparations are equivalent to about 80 percent of Greek gross domestic product.

Amid financial crisis, Cyprus convicts offer help

Dozens of inmates at Cyprus’ central prisons have do- nated around 9,000 euros ($11,649) to a volunteer clin- ic in order to help needy families receive free medical attention amid the country’s most severe economic cri- sis in decades. The inmates, many of them serving long sentences, raised the cash from the pocket money they’re allowed to keep for purchases at the prisons’ canteen. Lara Ioannou, whose husband has 4 years left on a 13-year drug conviction, helped hand the money to Eleni Theo- charous, a Cypriot European parliament member and pediatric surgeon who also runs the country’s first vol- unteer clinic in the heart of the capital’s medieval cen- tre. Ioannou said inmates thought that access to medical attention is equally important as food as needy families try to weather the country’s financial collapse. [AP] APRIL 2013 The Greek Australian VEMA TO BHMA 9/27 10/28 TO BHMA - APRIL 2013 The Greek Australian VEMA TO BHMA - APRIL 2013 11/29 Christian Architectural Symbolism and the Holy Monastery of the Mother of God Pantanassa: A Macrohistorical Reflection, Part 2

Introduction opens up to a complex surrounded by trees and shrubs, sa icon, however, the Mother of God holds the Lord inal art) in order to witness to the truth. This brings us to making it seem as though the inchoate yet fertile bush- within a mandorla, whereas in Hagia Sophia the Christ- the final remark of this paper, that whilst the church of In part one of this article we traced in brief a macrohis- land, teeming with all sorts of life, has a new point of ori- child rests upon her lap holding a scroll. Both images of Panagia Pantanassa, standing in continuity with both tory of early Christian and Byzantine architecture, begin- entation; a sacred citadel gently watching over God’s Christ give the blessing of peace, with the only differ- Byzantium’s architectural standards and creative propen- ning with the early house churches and basilicas and cul- creation. Approaching the complex through this road sur- ence being in the use of materials. Indeed, one of the sities, is almost complete, still, a lot of work needs to be minating in the cross-in-square designs that became, a- rounded by the fragile landscape, one is struck by the unique contributions of Pantanassa to traditional Byzan- done. The amenities and internal furnishings of not just long with the dome, a prevalent means of communicat- ambience of a terrain already marked in the past by this tine iconography has been to incorporate indigenous the church, but the surrounding buildings - including the ing the fact that the Christian sanctuary was an imago et land’s original inhabitants. Aboriginal carvings can be techniques, such as Aboriginal dot-painting, that can be monks’ quarters - remain incomplete. The brothers have axis mundi (image and center of the world). We saw that discerned on the stones flanking its southwestern side, so seen in the halos of both this icon of the Virgin and in the had to struggle against intractable zoning restrictions and Justinian’s church of Holy Wisdom, or Ἁγία Σοφία, was that as one makes the transition from the outskirts of the image to the right of the altar, which is that of the Lord other adversities to get where they are today, and what archetypal in this regard. The present article will address church to the building itself, one has the impression of Pantokrator whose blue vestment, signifying divinity,8 they have managed to achieve must be ascribed to their the extent to which the motifs of Byzantine ecclesial ar- having embarked on a journey from the shadows of for- embraces and appropriates the red, which is his (and our) diligence, the support of God’s people, and, most impor- chitecture have transcended local and temporal bound- mer beliefs which have now been surpassed by the full- humanity.9 With his left hand he gives the blessing, and tantly, to the providence of the Lord and his holy Moth- aries by becoming emphatically manifested in the most ness of the truth in Christ; represented by the golden with his right he holds a scroll declaring - “I am the light er. As a testament to their patient endurance, the brothers unlikely of contexts; in the katholikon of the holy Moth- crosses adorning the bell-tower and the katholikon. of the world” (Jn 8:12).10 It is envisaged that the icono- now inhabit their own version of the ancient house er of God Pantanassa overlooking the fertile Dubbo Val- Standing in front of the complex, one is confronted by a graphical program of the entire church will begin once church mid-way up the mountain; though this is not ley and its adjoining National Parks in Mangrove Moun- large a series of connected buildings which, from left to the monastery has sufficient funds, the concrete structure without its breathtaking charm. Near a fully furnished tain, in the central coast of New South Wales, Australia. right (or, geographically, from North to South) consist of accommodating precisely this purpose. To this end, one chapel dedicated to the Syrian saints Ephraim (c. 306- It will begin by contextualising the katholikon in light of the bell-tower already mentioned, the outer shell of a li- of the brothers has expressed his desire, already achieved 373) and Isaac (d. c. 700), are the current living quarters its creative continuity with Byzantine ecclesial architec- brary, kitchen, and refectory. The entry to the church through numerous icons painted by his hand, to appro- of the monks, a kitchen, a guesthouse, and other facili- ture – a theme that will be returned to throughout – be- grounds is to the right of the refectory, and as one enters priate elements from the land - pebbles and dirt - into his ties. With the further support of God’s people, and by the fore turning to the katholikon as an imago mundi. It will he or she can see that these buildings face the western pigments, effecting with these holy images an authentic intercessions of the holy Theotokos - the ‘Queen of All’ then assess the multivalenced significance of the katho- façade of the church proper. Extending from the north- Figure 1 – The exterior of the katholikon of the Holy Mother of God Pantanassa. The slightly elevated structure to the right, Christianisation of the natural surrounds. Such an ap- - they hope to one day complete the complex on top of likon, Mangrove Mountain itself, and the large cross at ernmost apex of these buildings to the northeast (i.e., im- crowned with two domes, constitutes the nave, narthex, and altar area of the church proper; the lower structure to the left proach emphatically points to the fact that Christians are mount Mangrove, thereby injecting further, divinely-in- the base of the mountain - upon which is suspended an mediately to the right of the library) are two connected (with a single dome) is the chapel dedicated to St John Chrysostom. called to sanctify, by the grace of God, all places at all spired life into what we have already described as Aus- icon of the ‘King of glory’1 - as mutually inclusive axes buildings, the monks’ quarters and the amenities, whose times. This sentiment is reflected not just in the architec- tralia’s very own ‘Byzantium.’ mundi. The article will then conclude with a few reflec- atrium also faces the northwestern façade of the church, tural motifs and artistic styles mentioned above - signifi- tions on the profound significance of the presence of meaning that the auxiliary structures, in the form of an cant though they are - but in the entire Pantanassa proj- 1 The solemn title ὁ βασιλεὺς τῆς δόξης (i.e. ‘the King of glory’) is taken holy Mother of God Pantanassa Monastery in the Aus- L-shape, have as their immediate point of orientation the ect; where prayers and hymns invoking the merciful in- from Psalm 24:8 and reiterated by St Paul with specific reference to the tralian context. place of worship (see figure 6). Approaching the en- tercessions of the holy Virgin frequently rise up with the crucifixion in 1 Corinthians 2:8. trance to the church, one observes the intricate brick- incense as a pillar of smoke. In this way, the worship 2 Such as, for instance, the Cathedral of the Annunciation of the Theotokos in Redfern, NSW; a Victorian-style gothic church which is furnished inside Byzantine Features in The Holy Mother work adorning the façade with its half-barrel tiled domes which takes place in the katholikon, effectuates, by with an iconostasis, ambo, and many traditional Byzantine icons. of God Pantanassa extending their crosses to the open sky. There are three God’s grace, another axis mundi; the entire movement of 3 The katholikon of Megiste Lavra (Ιερά Μονή Μεγίστης Λαύρας), the domes, and the trinitarian symbolism is potent as one the liturgy and other services themselves helping to es- oldest church on Mt Athos, also has three domes distributed widely apart, a feature which according to Krautheimer became “a hallmark of monastic The katholikon of Pantanassa Monastery (see figure 5) passes beneath the aged iron bark door-head and makes tablish a correspondence between heaven and earth. churches all through northern Greece and the Balkans.” Early Christian somehow recapitulates the historical evolution of Byzan- the transition from neutral to sacred space, even within and Byzantine Architecture, 375. tine architecture in a context that, until the nineteenth the narthex with its small icons - one of St Anna holding Concluding Remarks 4 Cf. Timothy E. Gregory, A History of Byzantium, Blackwell History of the Virgin-child and another of Christ - flanking either the Ancient World Series (UK: Blackwell publishing, 2010), 266-267. century, had never been exposed to Orthodox Christiani- 5 For more information, see Vasiliki Limberis’ Divine Heiress: The Virgin ty. As the Greek migrants poured into Australia during side of the entry into the nave. To the left of the narthex Tracing the development of Christian architecture from Mary and the Creation of Christian Constantinople (London: Routledge, the last century, many churches sprang up, some of in the northwestern extremity of the building is a chapel the early period with its house churches to the rise of 1994). which attempted to merge conventional Byzantine pat- dedicated to St John Chrysostom (c. 347-407), the holy basilicas in the age of Constantine, we saw in part one of 6 See St Gregory of Nyssa’s The Life of Moses, trans. Everett Ferguson and this article that Church architecture is shaped by both the Abraham J. Malherbe, The Classics of Western Spirituality Series (New terns with modern designs; others emulating the basilica archbishop of Constantinople and patron of the principal York: Paulist Press, 1978); idem St Dionysius the Areopagite, The Mystical liturgical service of Eastern Orthodox Christians; a fit- socio-political context and the Christian mentality. To style, and still others purchasing existing churches - such (l) Figure 2 – Bird’s eye view of the katholikon overlooking the Dubbo Valley and its adjoining National Parks. The auxiliary Theology 1, trans. Colm Luibheid, The Classics of Western Spirituality as gothic ones with vaulted ceilings - in order to establish ting dedication, given the church’s aforementioned reca- buildings can be seen in an L-shape around the church, including the refectory, kitchen, and library (facing the entrance to the this end, the rapid spread of Christianity in the succeed- Series (New York: Paulist Press, 1987), 135-137. pitulation of the Byzantine ecclesial legacy which St ing centuries where it had become the official religion of 7 This interpretation of the cross as the foundation or basis of the world has their parishes. These experimental designs have resulted katholikon), as well as the monk’s quarters, office and amenities (facing its northern side). (r) Figure 3 – View from the narthex been inspired by Fr Dr Doru Costache’s ruminations on the subject in his in some fascinating hybrid-churches2 that are for the John was so instrumental in shaping. Both the narthex into the nave of the katholikon, one can see the dome supported by pendentives distributing the weight of the ceiling down the the Eastern Roman empire centered in Constantinople Patristic Studies lectures at St Andrew’s Greek Orthodox Theological most part in keeping with the Byzantine penchant for and the nave are domed; with the third dome covering columned arches, as well as some of the internal furnishings in their infancy stages. opened up the pursuit of new, experimental designs that College, where I learnt that it has been articulated variously in both the creativity and innovation. But what one finds in Pan- the westernmost part of the nave. Reflecting in triadic further reflected the worldview of God’s people. What scriptures and the fathers. In the former, one can find it in Revelation 13:8 symbolism the celestial sphere, the domes are each gan predecessors should come as no surprise, insofar as would become paradigmatic for the contemporary Or- where the author refers to the “Lamb slain from the foundation of the tanassa definitely stands apart. As mentioned above, this world.” A patristic example can be found as early as the second century church, the body of which has recently been almost en- pierced by eight windows designating the kingdom of they both belonged to the same cultural context that the thodox Church can be best discerned in the reign of the apologist St Justin Martyr who interprets the statement in Plato’s Timaeus, tirely completed (with the exception of some external heaven, and they are supported by pendentives resulting Church nevertheless transfigured through its experience emperor Justinian; specifically in his church of Holy that the Demiurge placed the World Soul at the centre of the universe in the form of an X (the Greek letter chi) as the Son of God being ‘placed’ by God brickwork and internal furnishings such as icons), looks from four arches, much like those found in Hagia Sophia of the life in Christ. What we see in Pantanassa is a dou- Wisdom. It was this church, along with its predecessor ble-symbolism of the centre as both the mountain and the Sts Sergius and Bacchus, that would become standard the Father in the centre of the cosmos. Asserting that Plato learnt this from as though it has been transported directly from medieval but on a smaller scale. The pendentives supporting the Moses, Justin continued with a typological interpretation of Moses setting Constantinople. Certainly, one can find such traditional domes in fact give the impression of smaller squares church constitute profound examples of axes mundi. designs incorporating symbolic architectural motifs from up of a salvific figure of brass over the tabernacle (Num 21:9), identifying within the structure, which is itself a cross-in-square de- There is, admittedly, a third example, towards the bottom the earlier period - the octagon as the eighth day, the it with the cross of Christ. Hence, for St Justin, both the cross and the Lord looking churches, incorporating the cross-in-square de- are perceived as centers of the universe, or axes mundi. The First Apology sign - with vaults/arches to support its multi-domed roof- sign, so that what we have said above about Holy Wis- of the mountain where an enormous icon of the crucified cross-in-square as an imago mundi et axis mundi - under ‘King of glory’ has been erected above a flowing stream. 60, trans. Thomas B. Falls, The Fathers of the Church Series (Washington ing - throughout the Balkans, but many have been weath- dom - the archetypal church for Byzantium - is applica- a new domed structure designating the celestial vault. DC: The Catholic University of America Press, 1965), 97-99. ered by time. What one can see in the Australian ‘bush’ ble, almost fourteen hundred years later, to a church in Suspended on the cross, here the Master’s body extends Surprisingly, all of these architectural features can be 8 Cf. Egon Sendler, The Icon: Image of the Invisible, trans. Steven Bigham is, paradoxical as this may sound, a ‘new’ Byzantine the Australian bush, namely; that the eighth day symbol- to the four cardinal points, thereby signifying even more found in the holy monastery of the Mother of God Pan- (Hong Kong: Oakwood Publications, 1981), 155-56. potently the cosmic significance of his sacrifice, not to tanassa in the twenty-first century Australian context; 9 Ibid, 156-57. church. Indeed, whilst the church has often been ac- ism of both the domes and the cruciform shape of the 10 It is this light that one is meant to contemplate when beholding the sun claimed as a traditional Athonite monastery - and legiti- building’s interior are meant to extend outwards to the mention that from him spring the waters of life eternal and it was this monastery that was the focus of the pres- streaming through the windows of the church’s domes, that of the “unwan- mately so3 - its style can also be traced to the Byzantine four cardinal points represented by the symbol of the (Jn 4:13). Moreover, the location of the cross at the base ent paper (i.e. part two of this article). The church, orna- ing day (τῇ ἀνεσπέρῳ ἡμέρᾳ)” as our paschal troparian exclaims. Greek Orthodox Holy Week and Easter Services, A New English Translation, 4 square, thereby encompassing the whole of God’s cre- of both the mountain and the church - as though it were menting the lush Mangrove Mountain, is a testament to patronage of the holy Mountain, with architectural fea- trans. George L. Papadeas (Florida: Patmos Press, 2007), 456. tures resembling the churches of Constantinople, a city ation as an imago mundi. the basis of the other two axes mundi - brings to mind the the Byzantine ecclesial legacy both in its incorporation that, just like Mt Athos, was acknowledged as under the Church’s belief, reflected in both scripture and the fa- of the aforementioned eschatological and cosmic sym- thers, that the cross is the foundation of the world(s).7 bolism (making it an imago mundi) but also in its dedi- supreme protection of the Theotokos, the ever-Virgin Panagia Pantanassa as an Axis Mundi Note: I am grateful to the Very Reverend Abbot Eusebios Pantanassi- Mary.5 Figure 4 – One of the three domes in the katholikon of Returning to the church building at the top of the moun- cation to the Theotokos, the patron saint of Constantino- otis for inviting me to write this article, and for permitting me to pho- and its Interior Design Pantanassa. The square projecting the four horizons emerges tain, its monolithic concrete interior, far from seeming ple and ‘the joy of the creation.’ The location of the tograph the monastery of Pantanassa. I am also indebted to Fr Dr Doru from the pendentives that support the dome, itself symbolic of entirely bare, creates an apophatic ambience that is strik- church atop a natural axis mundi, as well as the large Costache for all of his encouragement and pertinent insights. The Holy Mother of God Pantanassa Related to all of this, the church’s location on a mountain the celestial vault, and pierced by eight windows denoting the ingly ‘interrupted’ by the very few icons of the Virgin cross with an icon of the King of glory extending to the as an Imago Mundi is also significant. Returning to the concept of the axis eschatological kingdom. Theotokos holding the Christ-child and of Christ Pan- four horizons, testifies to the multivalent symbolism of Mario Baghos mundi, an example of natural ‘centers of the world’ can 6 on Mt Sinai, as a metaphor for the mystical experience. tokrator, some of which were painted by the hand of one the center that can be discerned in all traditional soci- Associate Lecturer in Patristic Studies be discerned in the geographical constitution of moun- In light of all this, the aforementioned description that Material examples can be found in the spiritual culture of of the brothers. The two icons flanking either side of the eties, past and present, and especially Byzantium. The and Church History tains as they reach towards heaven. We have many ex- Pantanassa is a ‘Byzantium in the Bush’ is concretely re- the aforesaid societies, namely in temples, which were altar area are conspicuous in design; with the icon of the iconographical program, whilst still in its infancy, reiter- St Andrew’s Greek Orthodox Theological College alised firstly, in its dedication to the Theotokos as the amples in both the Old and New Testament scriptures also meant to recapitulate the cosmos in the way we have Panagia veiled in blue and holding the golden-draped Je- ates the Byzantine desire - embedded in the Gospel - to ‘Queen of All,’ and secondly, in its utilisation of Byzan- (Zion, Sinai, Tabor) of mountains as the locus of a theo- just seen above with reference to both Hagia Sophia (in sus (symbolising the ‘sun of righteousness’) reminiscent transform the immediate context by appropriating its tine architectural features, which I will now attempt to phany, and patristic literature has often employed the part one of this article) and Pantanassa. That Christians of a mosaic that can still be seen in Hagia Sophia’s apse ‘raw material’ (i.e. the ‘externals’ of cultures, in this case * Photos 1, 3 and 4 by Mario Baghos. Photo 2 generously describe. The gravel dirt road leading to the monastery motif of the mountain, specifically the ascent of Moses inherited and built upon such a disposition from their pa- in what would have been the altar area. In the Pantanas- the pigments and stylistic elements pertaining to Aborig- provided by the Very Reverend Abbot Eusebios Pantanassiotis 12/30 TO BHMA The Greek Australian VEMA APRIL 2013

Greece’s first Museum of Underwater Antiquities finds home in Piraeus

By Iota Sykka - Kathimerini, Athens

When plans for the cultural revamp of Piraeus’s main coastal zone were first unveiled two years ago, few ex- pected to see results so soon. However, an exhibition that ends today at the Piraeus Port Authority’s Petrini (Stone-built) Warehouse, displaying the studies submit- ted by architectural firms for the construction of the Museum of Underwater Antiquities - which is a key component of the revamp - shows that things are well under way. The plans also include the construction of a museum about Piraeus and another on immigration mapping the city’s as well as the country’s history in this significant area of social change, the latter of which, however, is still some time away from completion. The new Piraeus museum and the Museum of Under- water Antiquities are somewhat easier propositions be- cause all they basically need to do is bring together a A model of the new plethora of material that currently lies gathering dust in museum area warehouses and will be put on public display for the at Piraeus, the port first time. of Athens The lamentable fact is that Greece has never before had a museum of underwater antiquities even though it has 119 listed submarine archaeological sites and hun- ing the area where the famous 60-50 BC wreck was The museum is expected to take four years to build. dreds of ancient relics waiting to be investigated at found off the coast of Antikythera, an island south of In combination with the other two new museums, on some 1,000 locations. the Peloponnese, discovered wooden links believed to the history of Piraeus and immigration, the revamp of The museum will be located in Piraeus port’s old silo, have belonged to a ship’s anchor, paving the way for the port area will comprise an important attraction, es- an impressive edifice that was once used for storing the possibility of another important find. Off the coast pecially for tourists from cruise ships that tie up right grain before its transportation. It will contain a signifi- of Kythera, archaeologists have discovered part of a beside the silo. cant display of antiquities found underwater and will al- ship’s hull, while the remains of six wrecks dating from The revamp of the coastal zone - which will include so play an important research role, as well as contribut- the 11th to the 16th centuries AD as well as 4,000 coins green areas and entertainment venues - is also expect- ing to tourism in Piraeus. from the 1750-80 period have been found close to ed to help promote other cultural sites in Piraeus, such The first prize for the design of the museum went to a Rhodes and the southern Euboean Sea has revealed at as the Municipal Gallery and the Nautical Museum, group of six Greek architects: Evangelos Antonopoulos, least 25 wrecks from the Classical and Byzantine peri- among others. Thaleia Vetta, Giorgos Gavalas, Maria-Kyriaki Riga, ods. The Piraeus museum will be housed in a building Anastasia Stamouli and Marina Pylarinou. The concept When archaeologist Angeliki Simosi, who heads the known as Kastraki, or Little Castle, and its aim is to pro- behind their design is about restoring the connection ephorate in charge of underwater antiquities, present- mote the history of the city and the broader region between the city and the sea in this emblematic build- ed the results of research conducted by her team dur- through 3,000 exhibits organized in five thematic units, ing from the 1930s, painting it a striking red so that it ing a recent lecture at the National Archaeological Mu- starting with the original plans for the city designed by stands out almost like some kind of monster that has seum, she made special reference to the museum being pioneering urban planner and the father of the “Best emerged from the deep. planned in Piraeus, saying that it will be “unique not State” theory, Hippodamus (498-408 BC). The need for such a museum in Greece is clear and just by Greek standards, but also on an international According to the study for the museum presented by has been made more than apparent by the resounding scale in terms of its concept and of the breadth of ex- Stella Chrysoulaki, the first part of the exhibition will be success of the Antikythera Shipwreck exhibition at the hibits.” The first items to go on exhibit, which will num- on the founding and fortifications of Piraeus, the sec- National Archaeological Museum, which ends on April ber over 2,000, are the fruit of research conducted by ond part will be on its history as a maritime force, the 28. After all, who can resist the idea of divers discover- the ephorate over the past 37 years and date from pre- third will be on commercial activity and economic histo- ing an ancient ship full of fascinating finds lying under historic to modern times. ry and the fourth will be on Hipoddamus’s concept of the sand at the bottom of the sea? And it appears that The museum is also slated to have interactive exhibi- building the perfect the city. there is no shortage of treasures to be found in the tions and simulation exercises such as exploring a wreck The fifth and final unit will be dedicated to notable Greek seas. In 2012, for example, archaeologists study- in scuba gear or sailing through a storm. figures in Piraeus during antiquity. The Germans and the rest of the world

By Alexis Papachelas - Kathimerini, Athens Nevertheless, there are two major problems here, en, no one really knows how long it will take, in the issues which render the idea of nurturing great ex- aftermath of the elections, for Merkel to change The big powers currently find themselves in agree- pectations regarding Berlin’s strategy completely un- course. ment that what the world needs right now is growth- founded. The question is for how long Greece, along with the inducing measures. That is everybody except for Ger- The first impossible-to-overcome obstacle concerns other Southern European countries, will manage to many. the German general elections which are scheduled to endure the current situation. Washington has been following a strategy of take place in September. The Greek government is optimistic that following growth for some time now, while continuing to exert It would be particularly difficult, if not outright im- the German elections and provided that the country pressure on Berlin, in hopes of persuading the latter possible, for German Chancellor Angela Merkel to is relatively up to speed with its commitments, there to ease up on its demands for austerity and instead to adopt a new position before her fellow Germans go will either be a haircut on the country’s official debt start promoting growth. to the ballot boxes. She would be risking her re-elec- or those famous eurobonds will eventually be issued. Tokyo appears to be heading in the same direction tion, which at this point in time appears certain. No one knows whether Merkel has suggested to as the United States, while Beijing is also on the same The second hurdle has to do with the German es- Prime Minister Antonis Samaras that things could team.We should all be hoping for the Japanese ex- tablishment’s obsession with complete fiscal disci- move in that direction, but such expectations persist. periment to prove successful and, in combination pline, an obsession that resembles that regarding the There are also those who keep wondering why the with the encouragement from Washington, help per- gold standard in the 1920s. Given that the German Germans couldn’t bring the election date forward suade the Germans that their obsession with fiscal state machine is neither known for its flexibility of and allow everyone, including themselves, to take a discipline cannot venture beyond certain boundaries. thought nor for the speed at which decisions are tak- deep breath. APRIL 2013 The Greek Australian VEMA TO BHMA 13/31

Official Visit of W.H.I.A President to the USA MP John Pandazopoulos, President of Whilst in the US MP John Pandazopou- New York and Boston to discuss progress W.H.I.A (World Hellenic Inter-Parliamen- los met with over 30 legislators, 13 of on a number of matters in the US and in tary Association) has been meeting Hel- whom are of Hellenic origin in Washing- synergizing efforts. In addition he met lenic heritage legislators and philhellenes ton DC, New York State and Massachu- with Archbishop Demetrius, the Ameri- legislators in Washington DC, New York setts. In addition he participated in can Hellenic Institute, AHEPA, the Hel- State and Massachusetts discussing is- Greek National Day events in Boston and lenic Societies of New York, the Hellenic sues of importance to Greece, Cyprus New York. He met Mayor Bloomberg in Community of New England, Hermes Ex- and the Hellenic Diaspora. New York and city aldermen in Boston. po organizers, the Hellenic American He has also been meeting with Greek- He engaged with the Hellenic Embassy in Bankers Association and the Hellenic American business and professional as- Washington DC and the Consulates in Professional Women’s Organization. sociations and lobby groups as part of W.H.I.A plans to grow business links amongst the Hellenic Diaspora and in support of Greece and Cyprus during these extremely difficult times. This extends to support being sought from us on a range of public policy areas to use our knowhow in public sector re- forms and relationships with the private sector. In addition the private sector is engaging with us for them to better un- derstand how business is done in the Di- aspora, how it engages with Government and how we can create collaborative ef- forts to support investment, trade and tourism in Greece in addition to the need to create strategies to increase two-way trade and investment between Greece and the various countries in the Diaspo- ra. The US like so many other countries where there is a Hellenic Diaspora com- munity respects its Hellenic community for its hard work, its highly qualified and active business community and its con- tribution to US society.

Global military spending fell in 2012 for first time in ten years

Global military spending dropped in 2012 for the first time in more than a decade thanks to deep cuts in the United States and Europe which made up for increases in countries such as China and Russia. Big powers the United States and its European allies face tight budgets in an economic downturn and have scaled back involvement in conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. The world's second biggest economy China, how- ever, is ramping up spending and reg- istered 7.8 percent growth in 2012 from the year before, up 175 percent from 2003. Military expenditure as a whole fell 0.5 percent to $1.75 trillion last year in the first decline in real terms since 1998, the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), which carries out research on inter- national security, armaments and dis- armament, said in a statement. "We are seeing what may be the beginning of a shift in the balance of world military spending from the rich Western countries to emerging re- gions,» said Sam Perlo-Freeman, di- rector of SIPRI's Military Expenditure and Arms Production Programme. APRIL 2013 14/32 TO BHMA The Greek Australian VEMA

Australian PM celebrates Greek Independence Day

Australian Prime Minister Julia Gillard joined repre- sentatives of the Greek community in the celebrations for Greek Independence Day in Sydney. Ms Gillard, along with Environment Minister Tony Burke, opposition Immigration spokesman Scott Morri- son, NSW Liberal MP David Clarke and NSW Opposition leader John Robertson were all at The Domain for the occasion, along with the Archbishop Stylianos of the Greek Orthodox Church of Australia, the Ambassador of Greece in Australia, the Cypriot High Commissioner and the President of the NSW Greek Orthodox Community of NSW. They joined thousands to celebrate Greece’s independence from the Ottoman Empire. In her speech Ms Gillard stated the following:

“It’s a great honour to join you for Greek Independ- ence Day. The Greek struggle for independence which began in 1821 not only freed a nation - it inspired the world. “When the Greek people fought for the rights and lib- erties “graven ... in the hearts of all men” you won the admiration of all free people and it is an admiration you have never forfeited since. “This is a day of seriousness and also of enjoyment: a day to commemorate great patriots and a day to cele- brate what they won and what their descendants have built around the world. “It’s strange to think that at the time of independ- ence, most Greeks had not even heard of Australia. “Back in 1832 a Greek geography textbook advised that “very little is known about [Australia]. And scarcely Prime Minister Julia Gillard looks on with children wearing traditional costume at her feet anything is worth mentioning”. as the base for the Gallipoli campaign, as well as re- “He witnessed your people’s great courage and sacri- “Fortunately for us, your ancestors didn’t believe membering the Greek campaign and the Battle of Crete fice and I was proud to commemorate that with you to- that! in the Second World War. day. “Instead, you’ve come here, throughout our history, “This has quite a personal aspect for me, as some of “My grandfather also witnessed the great generosity stayed here, raised families and built a proud communi- you know. of people who know how to celebrate, and I am very ty. “During World War One, my mother’s father, Alexan- glad to see this hasn’t changed! “This Government works with you: we support Greek der MacKenzie, fought alongside the Greeks in the Sa- “In what is now Thessaloniki it would have been the language in the national curriculum, our National Cul- lonika Front in northern Greece. first time he tasted feta cheese and olive. Being Welsh ture Policy is accessible to your community, our aged “When my grandfather left Barry in Wales in 1915 he he certainly enjoyed Greek hospitality with local wines, care programs are culturally and linguistically sensitive. left as a very young man ready to fight for freedom – beer and the tsipouro. So enjoy that too! “It’s also no surprise that the people who invented when he returned home after three years of war he “I know many families are focused on economic is- the very idea of citizenship are among the most enthu- brought home with him the wounds he earned in serv- sues in Greece and Cyprus. We wish them well. siastic of all our migrant communities to become citi- ice. “And we wish peace and justice for Cyprus. zens of this country. “He also brought home a great privilege – the memo- “My congratulations on today’s magnificent occasion. “Let me congratulate the local Greek community and ry that he had fought for freedom alongside the Greeks, “It’s a marvellous day to commemorate and cele- Government of Greece for reviving our joint military the knowledge that he had fought for freedom in free- brate! A great day to remember - and to have fun. En- heritage - especially remembering the island of Lemnos dom’s home. joy”. New FYROM name proposal Russian oligarch Rybolovlev clinches dissatisfies Greece purchase of Onassis isle The Greek government appeared dissatisfied following the presentation of a new proposal Dmitry Rybolovlev, the 47-year-old Russian oligarch, regarding the name of the Former Yugoslav Re- has purchased the Ionian island of Skorpios for 100 mil- public of Macedonia (FYROM) in New York ear- lion euros from the grandaughter of the late Greek ship- lier this month. ping tycoon Aristotle Onassis, Athina Onassis Roussel. United Nations special envoy Matthew Ni- The businessman, real estate investor and owner of AS metz met with negotiators from Athens and Monaco soccer club, who has an estimated fortune of 10 Skopje following an invitation he had extended billion euros, has reportedly secured the purchase of the to both sides aiming at finding a mutually ac- tiny island, along with the rocky islet of Tsokari, after ceptable solution to the countries’ ongoing several months of paperwork involving lawyers and en- name dispute. trepreneurs in Nicosia, Brussels, Geneva and Luxem- According to UN sources, the new proposal is bourg. based on a combination of names and includes The sale was reportedly coordinated by the Athens- a geographical qualifier, in accordance with based legal firm Georgios Kostakopoulos and Associates. Greek demands. However, the geographical The Cyprus-based law firm Andreas Neoclous and Co. is qualifier appeared to precede the term "Re- also said to have been involved. public", as opposed to that of "Macedonia." Rybolovlev is understood to have held up to 10 per- In New York Nimetz invited both countries to Matthew cent in shares of the troubled Bank of Cyprus whose study the new proposal carefully and respond Nimetz shareholders underwent a large haircut as part of a bail- to it after the upcoming Greek Orthodox Easter out agreed between Nicosia and foreign creditors. holiday. APRIL 2013 The Greek Australian VEMA TO BHMA 15/33 Health

SYMPTOMS OF ADHD treatments can relieve many of the symptoms of ADHD Children with ADHD have problems with concentra- but they do not cure ADHD. tion or inattention. They tend to be hyperactive and im- Stimulant medications are the most commonly pre- HEALTH scribed medicines for ADHD. These stimulant medica- pulsive. That is they may lack self-control. Most chil- dren with inattention symptoms have difficulty with tions boost and balance the levels of concentration in completing tasks. They may make chemicals in the brain called neurotransmitters and NEWS careless mistakes, they may not listen, they may be- help improve the symptoms of ADHD. For people who come easily distracted. These children are often disor- do not tolerate stimulant medications, other medica- WITH DR. THEO PENKLIS * ganised and forgetful and they fail to complete tasks. tions can be used to treat ADHD. Impulsive and hyperactive are features of this disor- Psychological treatments are used independently or der, including children who tend to fidget and squirm, with medication to treat ADHD. or run around and exhibit disruptive behaviour at inap- Psychologists direct treatment at: propriate times. These children may interrupt others, 1. Parents: providing education about the nature of ATTENTION DEFICIT have difficulty waiting for their turn, talk excessively or the disorder and training in behaviour management call out answers before questions are finished. techniques. Children who are assessed for ADHD will exhibit a 2. Teachers: providing education about the nature of HYPERACTIVITY number of these symptoms. Some may have mostly the disorder as well as training in behaviour manage- inattention symptoms, others may primarily have im- ment techniques and appropriate learning interven- DISORDER pulsive and hyperactive symptoms, however most chil- tions. dren have a mixture of both types of symptoms. 3. The child: providing counselling and psychological treatment, including education and advice and skills Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD ) is a DIAGNOSING ADHD training to improve concentration, address issues of condition where a person has difficulty paying atten- In children very often it is behaviour in the classroom self-esteem, anxiety and peer relationships. tion, controlling impulsive behaviours and keeping their that will alert a teacher to the fact that a child may have thoughts and concentration in one direction. ADHD. Sometimes parents may be aware of their child’s ADULT ADHD ADHD is a chronic condition that can have a serious behaviour before school commences and inquire at the An adult with ADHD may exhibit similar symptoms to impact on the lives of affected children parents and doctor whether a child may have ADHD. There is no sin- a child with ADHD. They may find it difficult to maintain their families. ADHD is more common in boys than in gle test to diagnose ADHD. The diagnosis is made on the attention at work or leisure, not seem to listen when girls. ADHD may persist into adulthood. symptoms mentioned above and the exclusion of other spoken to directly, not follow instructions or complete A child who from time to time seems inattentive or disorders that might also contribute to those symp- tasks. The adult with ADHD might be distracted easily hyperactive does not necessarily have ADHD. Indeed toms. For example, hearing deficits, learning disabilities by other stimuli, lose things like keys and paper work. the symptoms need to be significant and ongoing, and and some medical disorders such as thyroid disease, They may be fidgety, impatient ,have trouble waiting in in more than one setting. For example, the symptoms may need to be excluded to support the diagnosis of queues and waiting in similar situations. They may find may occur at both home and school, or work. Recent ADHD. it difficult to remain seated. The adult with ADHD is of- evidence has shown that our original view that children There are a number of criteria to establish the diag- ten impatient, forgetful in daily activities and may have outgrow ADHD is incorrect and while some children nosis. trouble keeping quiet. They often talk excessively and may outgrow ADHD for many, the condition persists For example, the child with ADHD must have the tend to butt into the conversations of others. They of- through adolescence into adulthood. symptoms for at least six months and these symptoms ten have unpredictable mood swings. A person with usually begin before seven years of age . The symptoms adult ADHD may have difficulty holding down a job and THE CAUSE OF ADHD must occur in at least two different settings as we men- have difficulty in relationships with others. Intensive research into this area has still not revealed tioned before. For example, home and school. This in- An adult with ADHD who was undiagnosed in child- the exact cause of ADHD. The common view is that AD- sures that a child who is having issues with a particular hood may have a poor academic record. These people HD may be caused by structural and chemical differ- parent, carer or teacher is not misdiagnosed as having have often had a difficult time in their adult life because ences in the brain. ADHD. of frustration and failure with coping with common dai- One theory is that people with ADHD have a low lev- The assessment of the child with ADHD involves the ly tasks. This may lead to low self-esteem, anxiety and el of brain chemicals called monoamines. The fact that parent completing questionnaires, and rating scales depressed mood. ADHD can be in many cases managed with medications, concerning the child’s behaviour. Tests called neuro- However, correctly treated, these adults may cope supports this theory that brain chemicals are involved psychological tests are used to develop a picture of the very well. Indeed some adults with ADHD, managed in the disorder. child’s behavioural and developmental and mental properly, do very well. Other factors that are implicated in ADHD include ge- state. netic factors, previous head injury, premature birth, ex- posure of the foetus to tobacco, alcohol and other TREATMENT OF ADHD * The information given in this article is of a general nature drugs and other environmental agents, including a high Standard treatment for ADHD in children includes and readers should seek advice from their own medical practi- level of lead. medication, education, training and counselling. These tioner before embarking on any treatment. Ancient Eleusis has much to offer the visitor, as does modern Elefsina

By Margarita Pournara - Kathimerini, Athens ological site: The ruins of the home of the ancient Eleusian Mysteries is also an oasis of green that is A row of robust pepper trees stand between the Ar- teeming with life. The biggest religious center during chaeological Site of Ancient Eleusis and Nikolaidou antiquity continues to hold the secret of the myster- Street, modern Elefsina’s main drag, like an almost in- ies, which were attended even by slaves, children and visible boundary. women - a great show of democracy for the time. The Here in Elefsina, which lies southwest of Piraeus and figures of Demeter, Persephone and Cronus and the some 20 kilometers from central Athens, ancient his- rites for the coming of spring continue to enchant vis- tory is ever-present. An industrial hub during the 19th itors today, and it is even said that the spring’s first and 20th centuries, it drew Greeks seeking work from wildflowers appear in Elefsina before they do in any far and wide, and their descendants today take great other part of Greece thanks to its privileged relation- kind of pride in their town. ship with the gods. Elefsina has a special gift in its ability to charm visi- On the other side of the pepper trees, past Niko- tors. Filmmaker Filippos Koutsaftis, who beautifully laidou Street, it is clear that the economic crisis has hit captured this in his 2000 documentary “Mourning Elefsina - whose glorious industrial past went into a Rock,” which takes the pulse of the modern working- tailspin from which it never recovered in the mid- class town and presents its past glories, is among the 1980s - hard as you see one boarded-up shop window many people who have visited Elefsina and found in- after another on the way down to the coast. spiration. The annual Aeschylia summer festival is also But all is not lost, because there are a few very de- The archaeological site, now surrounded by the modern port a magnet for artists and visitors, while Elefsina has no cent tavernas and cafes that make the modern town a town, is a must-see. [Phoebe Fronista] shortage of local and municipal initiatives that con- great place to spend a sunny weekend afternoon. Fragments from the ancient site are embedded in the tribute to the town’s profile. In Elefsina’s main square there is also a small church walls of the church, built on the site of an Early Chris- Elefsina’s main highlight is without doubt its archae- dedicated to Aghios Zacharias, patron saint of bakers. tian basilica. APRIL 2013 16/34 TO BHMA The Greek Australian VEMA

72nd anniversary of the Battle of Crete

Greek Australians are preparing for this year’s cere- monies for the 72nd anniversary of the Battle of Crete which will be honored with the presence of a Greek Special Forces delegation, the Vice Admiral Alexandros Theodosiou HN and Commander Georgios N. Pelekanos HN. Every religious, diplomatic and political authority of the Greek community will participate in the commemo- rations. The Sydney program is: Saturday 18th May 2013 at Martin Place cenotaph for wreath laying (1.30 pm). Saturday 18th May 2013 at 7.30pm at the Cyprus Club-Annual commemorative Ball of Cretan Associa- tion. Sunday 19th May 2013 at 10.30 am Garrison Church at The Rocks Sydney, commemorative church service. Following the German Sunday 26th May 2013 at Greek Orthodox Cathe- assault, the Cretans dral, commemorative church service. formed armed bands under the guidance of Vice Admiral Alexandros Theodosiou HN the local Gendarmerie chapter and fought the Vice Admiral Alexan- Germans dros Theodosiou HN, was born in Chalkis of Evia in 1957. He joined the Hellenic Naval The Germans called it ‘Operation Mercury’. We Many Cretans using older, self - loading guns, aimed Academy in 1976 and know it as the Battle of Crete. Of all the military cam- and attacked the enemy. With limited ammunition upon his graduation in paigns fought in Greece during the Second World and manpower, Cretan villagers and ANZAC troops 1980 he was commis- War, the Battle of Crete will be remembered as one of fought gallantly together, eventually containing the sioned Ensign of the the strongest acts of defiance against the Nazi aggres- German paratroopers to three main areas of the is- Hellenic Navy. sors. Although German troops eventually overran land. He is a graduate of Greece’s largest island, it showed for the first t ime in Despite the heavy toll, after seven days of continu- the Advance Mine the war that the Nazi’s were not infallible. ous fighting, the Germans deployed more air power Warfare Commanding Officers School (Belgium), Mine Many Australian, British and New Zealand troops and managed to override the island, capturing strate- Warfare Staff Officers School (Belgium), Hellenic Naval fought valiantly with their Cretan allies in the great gic military positions near Hania, and Rethimno in the War College and owns a Master of Management and battle, forging a special bond between the island’s west and Iraklio on the eastern flank of the island. Human Resource Education from the Naval Postgradu- people and the ANZAC troops. Many ANZAC troops and Cretans continued fighting ate School Monterey. The strategic position of Crete was of paramount even though defeat was inevitable. importance for Hitler to gain a strong foothold in By June the 1st 1941, the Battle of Crete was over. Commander Georgios N. Pelekanos HN South Eastern Europe and allow his troops to continue However, its eventual occupation came at a heavy Commander Geor- their campaign in the middle East and prepare for new price for both sides. During the ten, days of fighting, gios N. Pelekanos HN attacks on the Russian front. 781 Australians and New Zealanders were killed and was born in Athens on On May 20 1941, the sky over Crete was filled with more than 3000 captured. During the evacuation Cre- July 7th 1968. He en- German paratroopers. Thousands of troops from vari- tan villagers risked their own lives providing food and tered the Hellenic ous parachute and mountain divisions were dropped shelter for many ANZAC troops who remained on the Naval Academy in 1988 in the air raid. island, hiding them from Nazi forces. and in 1992 he was Most of the allied anti-craft were destroyed. Unde- The courageous efforts of ANZAC troops together commissioned Ensign terred, allied troops delayed their fire and began with the brave Greek and particularly Cretan people, of the Hellenic Navy. shooting at paratroopers as they descended. dealt a severe blow to the Nazi’s. Christian Dior, Gucci, Ted Baker Pilgrims retrace Katerina + Kyriacos Mavrolefteros Apostle Paul’s journey

Six hundred Greek-American and American pilgrims will sail in the Apostle Paul’s

Ray Ban Ray footsteps setting out from Lavrio, with intermediate stops in Patmos, Kousadasi, Is- tanbul, Kavala and Thessaloniki. The details of this pilgrimage voyage are being examined by a private company that has consulted with the Synod office of pilgrimage tours of the Holy Synod of the Church of Greece and has secured the Synod’s approval. In fact, Louis Cruises will or- ganize two weekly religious-themed cruises titled The Path of Apostle Paul on Octo- ber 18 and 25, which will include visits to Greek sacred monuments. The official re- ception for the cruise ship is to be held in Thessaloniki. The pilgrimage trips offer the opportunity to actually follow the religious path 874 Anzac Parade, Maroubra Junction where Saint Paul journeyed during his preaching of Christianity. Following in the foot- (at bus stop, on RTA block) (at bus stop, on RTA block) Rodenstock, steps of the Apostle, the company’s unique seven-day cruise leads passengers to the lands visited by the “Apostle of the Nations” in Greece and Turkey. TTeell:: ((0022)) 99331144--00339933 This is the statement of the president of the Synod office of pilgrimage tours, His Serengeti, Maui Jim, Fendi [email protected] Emminence Bishop of Dodoni Chrysostomos, after his recent meeting in Thessaloniki with the Minister of Macedonia and Thrace, Theodoros Karaoglou, within the frame- work of the cooperation between the Synod and the Ministry for the promotion of Nina Ricci, Oakley, La font religious tourism. APRIL 2013 The Greek Australian VEMA TO BHMA 17/35

St Gregory Nazianzus St Gregory Nazianzus (c.330 - c.389) is widely regard- gory recalled in his autobiography: “With him [i.e., ed as the greatest theologian of the 4th century, and Basil] I shared my studies, my lodgings and my since at least the mid-5th century he has been known as thoughts. And if I might boast a little, we formed a pair ‘the Theologian’. This makes him one of only three to famous throughout Greece.” They developed a deep be given this epithet, along with John the Evangelist and friendship that lasted for 30 years - although, as we’ll the 10-11th century spiritual writer Symeon ‘the New see, this friendship was to be severely tested in the Theologian’. The reason why Gregory was given this ti- years to come. tle is due to his unprecedented articulation and defence Having spent a full decade studying rhetoric and liter- of the doctrine of the Trinity. Gregory was also well- ature in Athens, Gregory returned to Cappadocia (he known for his literary and rhetorical abilities, and he would have been around 30 years of age at this stage). has been referred to as ‘the Christian Demosthenes’ On his return to Nazianzus, he taught rhetoric for a (Demosthenes, of course, being the great ancient Greek short time there. Gregory also visited the monastic orator who roused Athens to oppose Philip of Macedon community that Basil had founded at Annisa in the Pon- and, later, his son Alexander the Great.) tus region. The two friends resumed their practice of A constant struggle in Gregory’s life, as we will see, study and prayer, and also collaborated in editing an was between the vita activa (‘the active life’) and the vi- anthology of theological and devotional selections from ta contemplativa (‘the contemplative life’). On the one the works of Origen, which has been given the title of hand, Gregory had a retiring, reclusive temperament, the Philokalia (literally, ‘love of the beautiful’). and he aspired to be a man of letters - indeed, to be the Around 362, Gregory grudgingly agreed to be or- creator of a new, recognisably Hellenic (yet thoroughly dained to the priesthood, in part to assist his elderly fa- Christian) body of literature. Consider, for example, this ther (who would have been in his mid-80s). But the passage from one of Gregory’s orations, delivered soon prospect of public ministry was more than he could after his flight to rural solitude after being ordained a bear. Not only did he feel himself unworthy of the priest: priesthood, but he also feared that it would interfere “To me, nothing seems preferable to the with his commitment to the monastic life and would de- state of the man who, closing his senses to ex- prive him of the contemplative solitude he enjoyed. So, terior impressions, escaping from the flesh as he put it in his autobiography, “I made for Pontus, and the world, re-entering into himself, retain- seeking a remedy for my pain from that holy friend of ing no further contact with any human beings mine,” meaning of course Basil. However, Gregory soon except when necessity absolutely requires it, returned to Nazianzus, this time with a renewed sense conversing with himself and with God, lives the Christian faith. When he was 50 years old, he was of commitment to the priesthood. Indeed, for the next beyond visible things and carries within him- consecrated bishop of his native town, Nazianzus. Al- ten years he worked at Nazianzus supporting his father, self the divine images, always pure, untouched though he did not reach the theological heights of his as well as supporting Basil in his struggles with Arians by any admixture with the fugitive forms of son, he proved to be a caring and diligent pastor. (who denied the divinity of Christ) and with the Arian this earth.” (from Oration 2) Gregory had an older sister and a younger brother. emperor Valens. His sister, Gorgonia, was a strong woman, like her Valens was the emperor of the Eastern part of the On the other hand, Gregory had a deep sense of re- mother, who excelled in ascetical practice and generos- empire, and in an attempt to diminish orthodox author- sponsibility to provide pastoral leadership for the ity to the poor. She married into a high-ranking Chris- ity and to bolster the Arian movement, he decided in Church in the way his father and his friend Basil did. As tian military family, and had at least three daughters. 372 to divide the province of Cappadocia into two one recent scholar (Brooks Otis) explained, the key to Gregory’s brother, Caesarius, became senior doctor at parts. This ‘divide-and-conquer’ strategy was a clear at- Gregory’s life lies in the antithesis between the throne the imperial court at Constantinople, though he died, tack on Basil, who had been made bishop in 370 and and the mountain. Gregory’s whole life, Otis states, still unmarried, in his mid-30s as a result of a plague. His soon became the most influential and important church “was marked by a definite rhythm of advance and re- death came as an enormous shock to Gregory, who leader of the time. But as a result of Valens’ division of treat, withdrawal and return, flight from the world and wrote: “I died to the world and the world to me, and I Cappadocia, Basil was now left with only half of his pre- work in the world.” have become a living corpse, as devoid of strength as a vious jurisdiction, with the other half given to an Arian Gregory was born near the village of Arianzus in Cap- dreamer. Since that day my life is elsewhere…”. bishop. Basil sought to reclaim some of this lost ground padocia, Asia Minor (now in eastern Turkey). His family From a young age, Gregory enjoyed reading and liter- by installing orthodox bishops in various sees across were wealthy Cappadocian provincials who lived on a ature. As he was to write in his remarkable autobio- Cappadocia. He pressured, for example, his younger large, hillside estate called ‘Karbala’. Gregory’s father, graphical poem (entitled, “Concerning His Own Life”): brother Gregory to become bishop of Nyssa, and he al- Gregory the Elder, had not been raised as a Christian, “While my cheek was still beardless, a passionate love so pressured Gregory of Nazianzus to be ordained bish- but shortly after marrying Nonna, and thanks to her of letters possessed me.” He was fortunate enough to op of Sasima. These were newly created sees, and both good example and strong persuasion, he converted to receive an excellent education, studying with his broth- Gregorys were initially very displeased at having this er first in Nazianzus and then in Caesarea (the provincial burden placed on them. capital which had a reputation for learning unsurpassed In fact, for Gregory Nazianzus this was as a betrayal of

THE GREEK AUSTRALIAN The oldest circulating Greek in the whole of the Cappadocian province). It was in newspaper their friendship. He felt that he was being used simply outside VEMA Greece MARCH 2013 Tel. (02) 9559 7022 Fax: (02) 9559 7033 E-mail: [email protected] MEDIA’S IMPACT ON OUR CHILDREN: Parenting the Net Generation: Part 1 Caesarea that Gregory may have first made the ac- as a tool for the advancement of Basil’s ambitions. Gre- PAGE 7/25 quaintance of Basil, that other great Cappadocian Fa- gory also resented being appointed to a small, peasant GREEK-AUSTRALIIANS ther. Gregory then travelled (again with this brother) Christian Architectural village (Sasima) with no previous tradition of faith, no Symbolism and the Holy Monastery FACE HIIGHER TAXES of Pantanassa

PAGES 10 28-11 29 / / Greek-Australians are facing much higher taxes on paper work concerning their citizenship. Tsiaras said the their properties in Greece but not with Greek taxes on Greek government was also reviewing the need for further afield for more study - this time to another Cae- cultural attractions, and no political importance. In ad- their earnings in Australia, Greek officials have said. complicated paper work Greek-Australians have been According to the statements of Greece’s Deputy For- asked to fill out to register their Australian citizenship. eign Minister, Konstantinos Tsiaras, “taxes on property Data from the 2006 census show that there are more owned in Greece and any rental income-or potential in- than 260,000 people of Greek nationality in Australia, come-would be taxed at a higher rate as part of govern- with almost 126,000 born in Greece. ments’ tough austerity measures.” He also reassured The Greek Ambassador to Australia, Charalambos Da- Greek-Australians that the government will not tax their faranos, said there was no risk that Greek-Australians income earned in Australia. would be taxed on the income they earned in Australia. The Brisbane Times reported that introduction of the ”We want people to know that if they have income from new taxes has been temporarily postponed and Tsiaras rented properties in Greece or if they have property, sarea, ‘maritime Caesaria’ in Palestine, a city which has dition, he was resentful because this took him, against said it was possible they might be revised if the Greek they need to declare it.” He added that, “nobody needs to economy improved by the end of this year. Australian of- know how much they earn or pay tax in Australia.” In re- ficials are expecting the new Greek tax arrangements to gards to the threat of double taxation he said that, ”they be finalized by May. will not be required to pay a double tax. What interests Australian-born, A spokesman for the Department of Foreign Affairs us is if they are residents of a foreign land.” and Trade stated that the Australian government was According the statements of a spokesman for the Aus- Greek raised chef keeping ”possible double taxation agreements under tralian Tax Office there hadn’t been any discussion be- takes on Hong Kong constant review,” and added that, “‘we have not yet tween Greece and the ATO in relation to further taxation been briefed on new Greek government tax measures. of the income Australian residents earn by their occupa- been described as “the closest thing in the fourth cen- David Laris, who made a name for himself Once details are clearer, the government will be able to tion in Australia. The Brisbane Times said that there are his will, away from the quiet, contemplative life. And so, at the iconic mezzo in London , is now bent determine the possible impact of the new measures on negotiations between the countries on a reciprocal work on making his mark in Hong Kong. Australians of Greek descent.” and holiday visa program. The current draft agreement Another question for Greek Australians is that of the proposes a cap of 500 visas a year. PAGE 4/22 tury to a Christian university town” (John McGuckin). in defiance of Basil, Gregory did not take possession of This city had a long association with Origen’s school and the bishopric (he never took up residence in Sasima), in- Arcadia The heart of the Peloponnese retains a gen- uine rustic feel amid traditional villages and fir St Andrew’s Opening Doxology, 2013 forests. PAGE 2/20 PAGE 20/38 library, and Gregory first made the acquaintance here stead following a by-now common pattern - he fled to of Origen’s exegetical and theological works. the mountains: “Once again I turned fugitive and ran off The Greek Australian By the end of 348, and together with his brother, Gre- into the mountains, secretly to find the life I loved and gory moved to Alexandria in Egypt - the intellectual which was my delight,” he wrote in his autobiography. heart of the Hellenistic world for both literary and sci- However, the challenges he would face in the years VEMA entific studies, and also home to the famous catecheti- ahead would transform him into one of the greatest cal school which was at one time headed by Clement of bishops and theologians of the Church. The oldest circulating Greek Alexandria and Origen. Afterwards, he moved again, this time to Athens to To be continued next month. newspaper outside Greece continue his studies, leaving his brother Caesarius be- hind in Alexandria (who undertook medical studies Dr N.N. Trakakis there). Gregory was joined in Athens by his fellow Cap- (Graduate of St Andrew’s Tel: 02 9559 7022 Fax: 02 9559 7033 padocian, Basil of Caesarea. The two lived together, Greek Orthodox Theological College, email: [email protected] heard lectures together, and shared a commitment to and Senior Lecturer in Philosophy academic study and, above all, to a life of virtue. As Gre- at the Australian Catholic University) APRIL 2013 18/36 TO BHMA The Greek Australian VEMA Arts, Food & Wine Editor: Imogen Coward A Fashion Statement

By Dr Ann Coward ti Fibre Arrangement (MFA), was put in place, to impose T-shirt) that there is no need for them to go to a sale quotas on textiles and the clothing trade on a country- price. Until recently it was possible to still find women’s sin- by-country basis between developed and less devel- People being what they are, it is inevitable that even- glets, made in Australia under the Bonds label. Austra- oped economies. While providing stability for devel- tually the desire for ten T-shirts, all in the same style lians, understandably, felt somewhat betrayed and dis- oped countries’ textile industries, it was also intended but of varying colours, will cease to impress and the mayed when Chesty Bonds up and left our shores for to provide greater market share within these to the tide will turn. Sadly, it only takes one generation to lose China. A similar reaction greeted the relocation of other lesser developed countries’ garment industries. Accord- skills, and the skills required to mend clothing (sew on beloved garment manufacturers to China decades earli- ing to the New York Times, when the MFA quotas were buttons, repair tears, patch holes, take up hems, er. If they were to compete with cheap imports, the to expire on 1 January 2005, with tariffs still in place to reimagine and alter existing garments) has largely been reasoning went, then they had to produce cheap im- act as controls, China swamped world markets with lost. Perhaps we should look to China to see what is ports themselves. clothing before arrangements could be made between happening there. Cline notes that the growing trend is This year, for the first time in my life, I decided that if the EU, the U.S.A. and China to restrict Chinese textile for local labels and local designs, rather than a continu- I was to pay more than $8 for a top, it would be too exports. In order to defuse a trade war with the EU, Chi- ing fascination with the West. Those with money are much. Taking such a stance was not in character, but na agreed to voluntary restrictions. demanding a higher quality of fabric, and cut. The West, prompted by several visits to women’s clothing bou- Finalising the MFA favoured low cost, high production of course, is undergoing its own re-evaluation of the tiques where the asking price for T-shirts was between manufacturers and as a result many smaller developing fashion industry, and the place haute couture occupies $140 - $160. Now, I’m all for quality clothing, especially countries were forced to immediately close their gar- within this. if it’s Australian made, but a T-shirt is a T-shirt is a T- ment factories. It has been estimated that the ending of It’s interesting to draw a comparison between what’s shirt. Certainly, I overreacted, even though I had no the MFA cost the developing world 27 million jobs and happening in China with Cline’s feelings about what ap- trouble finding a ready supply of cheap T-shirts at sev- $40 billion a year in lost exports. Importantly, no quota pears to be happening in the U.S.A. Some American ma- eral chain stores. Most have looked bedraggled after restrictions had been put on Bangladesh by the EU un- nufacturers have reopened their factories, although one wash, but ill-fitting clothes are all the go, so I don’t der the MFA, a situation that allowed for investment by those who sold their machinery find they now need to feel particularly obvious wearing my fashionable rags Chinese and other manufacturers in Bangladesh. This buy replacements from China. Small manufacturers are (and rags they have become in lightning speed). situation was encouraged by Bangladesh with its attrac- starting up and the market for vintage clothing - with its Is there a solution to the oversupply of cheap quality, tive conditions for businesses investors. quality fabrics - is booming. There is also a growing poorly-made imported garments in our stores? In the The textile industry in China has continued to thrive. trend amongst young women away from hobby sewing U.S., according to Elizabeth L. Cline in her book Over- In 2011, according to Cline, China had over 40,000 clo- (which continues to be popular in developed countries), dressed: the Shockingly High Cost of Cheap Fashion, not thing manufacturers, and more than 15 million garment to learning basic dressmaking skills. The drive behind all garment manufacturers headed, well, west if we’re industry employees. One factory alone in Shanghai pro- this, Cline says, appears to be a plea on the part of talking the shortest route from America to China. But, duced 9 billion pairs of socks each year. The Bangla- young people for some individuality in their clothing. of course, it’s all relative to Europe, so the east it is. deshi garment industry has also continued to thrive de- With whole economies involved, the future of fashion While some U.S. manufacturers sold their machinery to spite predictions that 2005 would spell disaster. The clothing, if nothing else, should be interesting. China, others committed only so much of their stock to wages and production costs are so low that this has being made by China-based manufacturers. guaranteed its success in the present climate. References We all presume it is inevitable that cheap imported Global success requires that clothing manufacturers, not only in these two countries, but also in South Amer- There are many website resources featuring the MFA. Its rai- clothing should increase in price once local manufactur- son d’etre and its effects are hotly disputed, so it is advisable to ers cease producing. However, the reason for increas- ica, North Africa, S-E Asia and in other isolated pockets read widely on the topic if you are interested. ing prices is not quite so simple. Within China itself, controlled by major fast-fashion brands, are ‘full-pack- there appears to be a move to relocate factories to age’ factories. This means that within less than two Cline, Elzabeth L. Overdressed: the Shockingly High Cost of provincial areas (which has been the source of workers, weeks, factories can go from initial design to delivery of Cheap Fashion. New York: Portfolio/Penguin, 2012 migrating into the cities to find work). There is also a garments to retailers, making them very responsive to growing shortage of raw materials. Cline notes that un- market trends. However, the bubble has to eventually Barboza, David and Meller, Paul. ‘China to Limit Textile Exports to Europe’ in The New York Times, 11 June, 2005 til the 1980s, Chinese factories imported fabric, and burst. Cline uses the term ‘a race to the bottom’ when were only relied upon to cut, make and trim garments. describing the frantic competition between manufac- Hansen, Suzy. ‘How Zara Grew into the World’s Largest Fash- This has now changed, with China producing most of turers to lower their costs and therefore their prices to ion Retailer’ in The New York Times, 9 June, 2012 the world’s polyester materials. consumers. Profits are made by high volume sales at Add to this the artificial situations being brought full cost, this cost being so low (for example, $3.00 for a Valentino: the Last Emperor, directed by Matt Tyrnauer (2008) about by the passing of international agreements, and we have an even more interesting situation. For exam- ple, in 1974 an international trade agreement, the Mul- FFoooodd && WWiinnee Écoutez! Daintree Estates Milk Chocolate 45%

Arts Review Daintree Estates, in Far North Queensland, grow and process fine cocoa prod- ucts including milk and dark chocolate which are single origin, single estate and Australian. With flavours of chocolate, vanilla, caramel, a hint of coffee and People Tree sweet chestnut puree, the complexity and intensity of flavour in Daintree’s www.peopletree.co.uk smooth and rich Milk Chocolate is quite delectable without being overly sweet. Available in small blocks or as a 1kg chef’s pack costing around $90/kg, this chocolate is definitely a treat but is mid-range in cost in comparison to other fine People Tree was launched in the UK and Europe in chocolates such as Switzerland’s Felchlin or Italy’s Amedei. Daintree Estates’ 2001 as pioneers in sustainable, ethical and fair tra- Australian origin milk (45%) and dark (70%) chocolates and other select products de fashion. Their origins, however, go back to Japan are available through some specialist stockists and also through their online twenty years earlier. This website not only presents shop www.daintreeestates.com a catalogue of clothing for women, men and chil- dren (as well as sale items) but is also a good place to start learning about the international fair trade movement. In Australia we are more likely to come across the Fair Trade logo when buying chocolate The Greek Australian Vema and coffee, but this website demonstrates the ex- tent to which, through being more socially aware, The oldest circulating Greek newspaper outside Greece many decisions we make as consumers can benefit others. Tel: (02) 9559 7022 Fax: (02) 9559 7033 Email: [email protected] A.C. APRIL 2013 The Greek Australian VEMA TO BHMA 19/37 Travel Arcadia Home of pastoral simplicity The heart of the Peloponnese retains a genuine rustic feel amid traditional villages and fir forests BY H. ARGYROPOULOS Avenue), lined with chestnut trees on both sides, is ideal for Arcadia, Greece’s fourth- a romantic stroll. largest prefecture, in the heart Valtetsiniko, 18 km from Vyti- of the Peloponnese, has in- na at 1,050 m, is full of walnut, spired art and literature, per- chestnut and apple trees and haps most notably Nicolas surrounded by thick fir forest - a Poussin’s (1594-1665) two wonderfully lush piece of the paintings titled “Et in Arcadia Greek landscape. The village is ego” - interpreted as an ironic well known for its traditional contrast between the dark wooden furniture. realms of death and the custom- It is worth visiting the historic ary idle merrymaking that the chapels of Aghios Nikolaos and nymphs and country lads of this Analipsi, carved into the rock. At district were thought to embody Lenika, 1 km from Valtetsiniko, in antiquity. there are a few remains of Cy- Poussin’s shepherds may clopean walls and an ancient have been inspired by Virgil, ac- temple thought to have been de- cording to whom Arcadia was dicated to the goddess Artemis. the home of pastoral simplicity About 8 km from the coast, on and happiness. In modern times, the slopes of Mt Parnonas, is the pastoral image has largely Platanos, a traditional village survived, thanks to the tradition with plenty of greenery, running of livestock farming, but, as in water and cobblestone streets. the case of much of mountain- the War of Independence broke walls. Dimitsana was a gunpow- history collections and even a During the waxing moon every ous mainland Greece, Arcadia out in 1821. der production centre during the Water Power Museum. August it holds the romantic has also been through unhappy Historic Dimitsana (pop. 650) War of Independence of the Vytina (pop. 2,000), at 1,000 m feast of the “Waters, Moons and times, with many of its villages is perched at an elevation of 1820s and has an historic library above sea level, has long been Loves.” Walkers should not miss now depopulated by emigration. 850 meters overlooking the Lou- housing rare manuscripts, as known for its excellent climate - the beautiful Spilakia gorge. Mostly mountainous, it gener- sios River valley. Although archi- well as archaeological and folk pleasantly cooler than other Kosmas, some 30 km from the ally lacks the wild edge of the tecturally just a notch less im- parts of the country, especially seaside town of Leonidio, has mainland Pindus range or Mt pressive than Stemnitsa, it is a during the summer months. Its amazing views of the Myrtoon Olympus but it has enough ver- pleasure to explore this me- proximity (15 km) to the Mainalo Sea and the islands of Spetses dant, rugged and scenic ele- dieval town built near the ruins Ski Center is an added advan- and Hydra on a clear day. ments for tourism to have be- of ancient Teuthis’s Cyclopean tage. Leoforos tis Agapis (Love ATHENSPLUS come a source of revival in re- cent decades. The landscape is varied, including the magnificent forest and ski slopes of Mt Mainalo, the valleys and rapids of the rivers Ladonas and Lousios - a haven for rafters and kayakers - the Tripolis plateau, Mt Parnonas (Parnon) and the fine beaches of Kynouria on the eastern coast. There are also traditional villages where exten- sive restoration has done a wonderful job in rescuing and 1 2 3 4 tapping heritage. The village of Stemnitsa, with Eating a population of some 1,250, is Where to stay What to see Transport located at an elevation of 1,050 In Stemnitsa: Country Club (210.6- You are unlikely to find substandard The imposing landscape and stone A car is virtually a must for a tour of meters on Mt Klinitsa. 88.9249), Filoxeno Spiti (27950.29505). cuisine in this part of the Peloponnese buildings of Lagadia, on the way to the area, otherwise one has to rely on Under Ottoman occupation In Dimitsana: Dimitsana (27950311- - it ranges from the decent to the su- Vytina; the Ladonas river dam and the taxis for transportation. From the new and until around the turn of the 18/20), Xenon Kazakou (27850.31660). perb. In Vytina, try Klimataria and Ar- artificial lake frequented by amateur Corinth-Tripolis highway, take a left to 20th century it flourished as a In Vytina: Villa Valos (27950.22210), chontiko tis Athinas for classic Greek anglers; the restored house of Theo- Levidi-Vytina at the first exit after the jewelry and commercial hub. Mainalo (27950.22217). In Lagadia: and grilled dishes. In Dimitsana, Kali doros Kolokotronis, a hero of the War Tripolis toll station. Vytina is 202 kilo- meters from Athens and the road is The traditional architectural style Kentrikon (27950.43221), Lagadia (27- Thea. In Magouliana, non-vegetarians of Independence, at Limpovisi; the his- 950.43202). In Kosmas: Maleatis Apol- go to Iosif’s, who, being a stock bree- toric Philosophou Monastery, 8 km very good at least as far as Lagadia. If is frugal yet sturdy and uses on- lon (210.561.2978), Katranis (210.92- der/butcher/restaurateur, serves up from Dimitsana - a religious education you go toward Mount Parnonas, the ly stone and wood, even for 3.7239). In Elliniko (11 km from Stem- excellent meat dishes. Buy chestnuts center during Ottoman times; the road becomes more winding. Tripolis five-story structures built on a nitsa): Elaion (27910.31400). In Magou- and walnuts. In Vytina, you’ll find good Aghios Ioannis Prodromos Monastery can be reached from Athens by bus slope. The Folklore Museum is a liana: Kosmopoulos (27950.82350). In honey, feta cheese, trachana and hy- between Dimitsana and Stemnitsa, (tel 210.513.2834) and train (1110). Lo- must. Valtetsiniko: Vasilikos (27950.82126). lopittes. In Stemnitsa, try the diples built on the side of a vertical bluff that cal bus station: 2710.222.560; tourist The Monastery of Zoodochos (fried pastries). In Lagadia, you will takes at least 10 minutes to reach on info: 2710.222.243; police: 2710.222- Pigi served as the first seat of find superb cured meat and pre- foot. 519. the Peloponnesian Senate when serves. APRIL 2013 20/38 TO BHMA The Greek Australian VEMA

Για περισσότερες πληροφορίες τηλεφωνήστε στο 1300 660 550 ή επισκεφτείτε το δικτυακό μας τόπο www.delphibank.com.au

Delphi Bank – A Division of Bendigo and Adelaide Bank Limited, ABN 11 068 049 178 AFSL / Australian Credit Licence 237879