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The Writing of Imagined Histories of Continuity and the Reshaping of Ruthenian Eastern Christian Communities, 1544-1772

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The Writing of Imagined Histories of Continuity and the Reshaping of Ruthenian Eastern Christian Communities, 1544-1772 AS IT WAS IN THE BEGINNING: THE WRITING OF IMAGINED HISTORIES OF CONTINUITY AND THE RESHAPING OF RUTHENIAN EASTERN CHRISTIAN COMMUNITIES, 1544-1772 by Wojciech K. Beltkiewicz A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (History) in the University of Michigan 2012 Doctoral Committee: Professor Valerie A. Kivelson, Chair Professor David A. Frick, University of California, Berkeley Professor Paul C. Johnson Professor Helmut Puff © Wojciech K. Bełtkiewicz 2012 To Zdzisław and Bo żenna, my parents. Zdzisławowi i Bo żennie, moim rodzicom ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Now that my years as a graduate student have come to a close, I realize how very indebted I am to the people and institutions at the University of Michigan who fostered my scholarship, provided thoughtful criticism, and guided me through the bureaucratic labyrinth these past years. To that end, I offer my deep thanks first and foremost to the many members of the Department of History at the University of Michigan, the Center for Russian and Eastern European Studies and to the Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studies. Additionally, without financial support from the Copernicus Endowment at CREES, the American Institute of Polish Culture and the Jan Adolf Górecki Scholarship Foundation, my research endeavors could not have been fully realized. From the moment I arrived in Ann Arbor I have been privileged to study with some extraordinary scholars who have both challenged and inspired me, not least among which have been the members of my committee. I am particularly grateful to my chair, Valerie Kivelson, and to Helmut Puff who have continued to believe in the merits of my work, while providing rigorous mentorship, pushing my scholarship into new directions and immeasurably improving my dissertation as a result. David Frick at the University of California Berkeley and Paul Johnson have both remained steadfast, patient and encouraging. Scholarship is a collaborative process, and my work has benefited tremendously from the help of my graduate student colleagues at the University of Michigan. I am particularly grateful iii to those who participated in the various dissertation writing groups, including: Alison DeSimone Meg Raphoon, Pamela Stewart, Heidi Sulzdorf and Josh White who have offered their valuable feedback on chapter drafts and to George Hoffman and Helmut Puff who chaired those gatherings. I also wish to thank Sheree Brown, Alicja Kusiak-Brownstein, Ian Mladjov and Emily Price for our fruitful academic conversations and for the deep catharsis I felt when we banished all scholastic discussion. I especially owe a great debt of gratitude to Robert Kruckeberg for his helpful advice, careful criticism and very dear friendship since my first days at the University of Michigan. Without the assistance of Lorna Alstetter, Diana Denney, Sheila Coley and especially Kathleen King I would have surly lost the battle against the multi-headed hydra that is institutional paperwork, policies and procedures. However, I most appreciate their warmth, their genuine encouragement and their words of comfort. Many people outside of the University of Michigan were also crucial to the success of my research, upon which this dissertation rests. Antoni Mironowicz at Białystok University and Stanisław St ępie ń at the South-Eastern Research Institute in Przemy śl offered invaluable advice, inspiration and help in locating elusive archival materials. Bogusław Bobusia at the Przemy śl State Archives, Maciej Walto ś at the Research Library of the Przemy śl Friends of Sciences and Alexandra Chornei at the Central Ukrainian National Archives in L’viv, made navigating the maze of archival material a manageable undertaking. Katarzyna Winnicka, the Orthodox art historian at the Historical Museum in Sanok, and Hubert Ossadnik at the Museum of Folk Architecture aided in my quest for visual materials at their respective institutions. I likewise owe a debt of gratitude to Rajmund, Urszula and Piotr Malinowski, Barbara Bondaryk and Maria Bełtkiewicz for generously opening their homes and kitchens during my iv research period. Their magnanimous hospitality and unrivaled company were on par with any gesture of noble largesse J ędrzej Kitowicz ever dared to write about. I am especially grateful to my now-deceased grandparents, Janina and Antoni Bełtkiewicz. Their stories of life in interwar Red Ruthenia and Podolia first inspired me to study the region, its history and diverse culture. Likewise, I wish to thank my parents, Zdzisław and Bo żenna Bełtkiewicz, themselves the last of a generation to have been born “on the other side of the Bug” and thanks to whose sacrifices I have been able to realize my educational dreams. It is to them that I dedicate this dissertation for it is to them that I owe so much. Lastly, I am grateful to Rebecca Karol for her tireless support. For years she has patiently read my drafts, edited my work, and endured untold hours discussing Ruthenian Greek-rite Catholic Church history. Together we have shared a long and strange journey through this dissertation, and I thank her for being with me to the very end. v TABLE OF CONTENTS Dedication ....................................................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................ iii List of Images ............................................................................................................................... vii List of Maps ............................................................................................................................... viii List of Abbreviations ..................................................................................................................... ix Chapter 1:Introduction .....................................................................................................................1 Chapter 2: Towards a Sacred Ruthenian History: Narrative Creation, Continuities, Discontinuities, Silences and Erasures (1544-1617)) ....................................................................29 Chapter 3: The Apostolic Reflection: Confessionalizing the Uniate Priesthood .........................122 Chapter 4: By the Mere Sight of Such Splendor: The Eucharist as an Object of Lay Confessionalization ......................................................................................................................224 Chapter 5: Framing the Miraculous: Greek-rite Catholic Reordering of Popular Religious Devotions .....................................................................................................................................296 Chapter 6: Epilogue .....................................................................................................................352 Bibliography ................................................................................................................................366 vi LIST OF IMAGES Image 2.1 Piotr Skarga, S.J ....................................................................................................................119 3.1: Józef Szumla ński, Bishop of L’viv ......................................................................................219 3.2: Innocenty Winnicki, Bishop of Przemy śl ............................................................................220 3.3: A presbyter from the L’viv eparchy, from Józef Szumla ński’s 1687 “Metrika” .................221 3.4: Frontispiece of the proclamations of the Synod of Zamo ść ................................................222 4.1: Orthodox Kyivan Metropolitan, Petro Mohyla ....................................................................288 4.2: Greek-rite Catholic Bishop of L’viv, Atanazy Szeptycki ....................................................289 4.3: High altar at the Church of the Coronation of the Blessed Virgin ......................................290 4.4: Left side altar at the Church of the Coronation of the Blessed Virgin ................................291 4.5: Exterior of the Church of the Coronation of the Blessed Virgin .........................................292 4.6: Christ in a Eucharistic Chalice .............................................................................................293 4.7: Eucharistic Christ .................................................................................................................294 4.8: True Vine Christ ..................................................................................................................295 5.1: Miraculous Image of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Hoszów .................................................345 5.2: Miraculous Image of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Hoszów .................................................346 5.3: Miraculous Image of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Werchrata .............................................347 5.4: Miraculous Image of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Zarwanica .............................................348 5.5: Black Madonna of Cz ęstochowa .........................................................................................349 5.6: Basilian Father .....................................................................................................................350 5.7: Seal of the Order of Saint Basil the Great ...........................................................................351
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