Pars 3 editus a H.- E. Gruner et L B. Holthuis Waldo L. Schmitt John C. McCain Edward S. Davidson Decapoda I Brachyura I Fam. Pinnotheridae Crustaceorum Catalogus editus a H.- E. Gruner et L. B. Holthuis Pars 3 Waldo L. Schmitt John C. McCain Edward S. Davidson DECAPODA I BRACHYURAI Fam. Pinnotheridae Dr. W. Junk B.V. - Den Haag 1-XIM973 LIBRARY UK ACVJLI.C: OO.'.'V.Y MUSEUM Of NAttJftM. HISTF»R| ISBN 90 6193 5180 1 Introduction 'Utility ought to be the principal intention of every publication. Wherever this intention does not plainly appear, neither the books nor their authors have the smallest claim to the approbation of man­ kind'. Preface, first edition Encyclopedia Britannica, 1768-1771. This third part of the Crustaceorum Catalogus follows the precepts of the edi­ tors' original plan for the Catalogus (Crustaceana, 1965, 8 (2): 222-224), amplified by Holthuis in his 'Stomatopoda I, Fam. Lysiosquillidae et Bathysquillidae (Cata­ logus Pars 1, 20-X-1967)' and later supplemented in part by McCain and Steinberg in their 'Amphipoda I, Caprellidea I, Fam. Caprellidae (Catalogus Pars 2, 15-XII- 1970).' The present catalog of the Family Pinnotheridae is the result of the labor of many people. It is basically a compilation of the references contained in the pinno- therid sections of two extensive card files of the species of decapod, stomatopod, and 'schizopod' (mysid and euphausid) Crustacea of the world, now reposing in the Division of Crustacea, Natural History Museum, Smithsonian Institution. Both files were initiated by the senior author and were actively developed while he was curating the former Division of Marine Invertebrates (1914-1947). In line with the preparation of a monographic account (more specfically re­ ferred to below) concerned with the American pinnotherid species, these card files were extended to include the known pinnotherid species through 1967-68. Providing a welcome check of that compilation were the pinnotherid portions of two earlier manuscript listings of crustacean species: one, compiled by the late Dr. Heinrich Balss (1886-1957), chief conservator of the Zoologische Staatssammlung, Miinchen, received from Dr. H.-E. Gruner; the other, by the late Alida M. Buitendijk (1903- 1950), curator of Crustacea of the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden, made available by Dr. L. B. Holthuis. Of the National Museum files, the first, on 3 x 5' cards, encompasses the species of the aforementioned taxa of Crustacea culled from the Zoological Record, begin­ ning with the very first Crustacean section, pages 257-311 of 'The Record of Zool­ ogical Literature for 1864' and running through the mid-nineteen-forties. Later (as noted above) all published pinnotherid references to 1968 (Zoological Record and Biological Abstracts) were added, plus a scattering of references to more recent publications. The second of these Museum files,' to be referred to as the 'picture file,' consists of stout bristol board cards, 9—1/4" x 11", on which are mounted the published illustrations (or photo copies thereof) of the types of the crustacean species inclu­ ded in the 3x5' file, together with the text of the original description of each. The original descriptions of the non-figured species are similarly mounted. Figures will be supplied for these as they become available. Likewise, all subsequently published specific information and illustrations are also mounted, a separate card for each species. This picture card file was begun during the 'depression years' (the early 1930's) with aid received from the then Federal Works Progress Administration (W.P.A.) and continued to the nineteen-forties. More recently as noted for the 3x5 Zool­ ogical Record card file, the coverage for the pinnotherid species of this picture file was also extended through 1967-68. The undertaking of this file was inspired by cards published by the Wagner Free Institute of Science of Philadelphia, on which were reproduced the original descriptions and illustrations of Devonian fossils. These cards constituted the first of a projected letter-sized card file of the 'Type Invertebrate Fossils of North America.' This was an implementation of a proposal made by the late Dr. E. M. Kindle, of the Geological Survey of Canada, in 'A New View-Point in Paleontology,' Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada, 25 (4): 31-37, 1931. That forward-looking project later had to be discontinued because of increasing publication costs, limited demand, and lack of funds. 2 Our comparable picture file of recent Crustacea, though comprising some 8,000 cards, is still not as complete as planned. Since its inception cards covering the species and literature of the porcellanid crabs have been added by Dr. Fenner A. Chace, Jr., and for the stomatopods to the nineteen-forties by the senior author of this compilation. In effect, the crustacean picture file is an illustrated card catalog of the taxon- omic literature of Crustacea, which was developed as a 'tool' for facilitating the Museum's systematic studies. As an 'in-house shop-tool,' its publication is neither necessary nor mandatory. Nevertheless, it is available for consultation in the Divi­ sion of Crustacea. Though not offered at present, it may be possible to supply photo-copies, preferably on microfilm, of those cards at cost (of materials and labor). Becoming aware of the existence of this card file, Dr. Holthuis, back in 1965, used his powers of persuasion to get us to adapt it for publication as a part of the proposed Gruner-Holthuis Crustaceorum Catalogus. The initial draft of the compilation was the work of John C. McCain (June 9, 1964 to July 3, 1965), succeeded by Edward S. Davidson (June 13, 1966 to Novem­ ber 30, 1968) while they worked as scientific aides for the senior author on a mono­ graph of 'The American Commensal Crabs (Family Pinnotheridae),' underwritten for a time by the National Science Foundation. In view of the very considerable part they played in drafting the initial compilation, Messrs. McCain and Davidson are gratefully recognized as co-authors of this third part of the Catalogus. The extension of that drafted compilation beyond 1967 (the year that Mr. Davidson turned to the identification of the Museum's unworked pinnotherid col­ lections) was continued by Miss Lucile McCain1 and the senior author. Miss McCain deserves especial thanks for the largely uncompensated secretarial services she devoted to the completion of this catalog and its comprehensive index. Involved in this labor of hers was the incorporation of a host of references that failed of inclusion in its initial draft, the elimination of numerous inconsistencies in the citation of references, and the correction of misspellings. It is no more than fitting that, in recognition of her truly indispensable, gratu­ itous services, one of the two primary homonyms discovered in the course of the preparation of this catalog has been named for her: Pinnotheres mccainae, in place of Pinnotheres rouxi Rossignol, 1957 (p. 56), preoccupied by Pinnotheres rouxi H. Milne Edwards, 1853 (p. 84).2 The other primary homonym, by the way, is Pinnotheres barbatus Burger, 1897 (p. 27), preoccupied by Pinnotheres barbatus Desbonne, 1867. T. Sakai, in 1967, felt that Burger's species should be transferred to this then newly described genus Orthotheres. As the two names are primary homonyms, the junior of them, despite Dr. Sakai's transfer of it to another genus, also deserves a new name. To replace it, the specific name of rathbunae is proposed to honor the name and memory of Mary J. Rathbun, in her day dean of American carcinologists.2 We are greatly indebted to our colleagues in the Museum for a large measure of assistance: Drs. Fenner A. Chace, Jr., and Horton H. Hobbs, Jr., and Henry Roberts regarding literature, the regies of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, and various editorial practices; For the validation of the names of species and their authors and the classifica­ tion of host species: Dr. Marian Pettibone for polychaete worms; Drs. Harald Rehder and Joseph Rosewater for mollusks; Dr. David Pawson and Miss Maureen Downey for echinoderms; For the gender of generic names of the pinnotherid taxa, Mr. George C. Steyskal, of the Department of Entomology; For running down the sources of questionable citation, of which there were more than a few, and obtaining the loan of original works not available in Washing­ ton, or facsimile copies thereof, from elsewhere, at home or abroad, we are very greatly indebted to Mr. Jack F. Marquardt, in charge of the Reference and Circulation Division of the Smithsonian Institution's Library within the Natural History Building, and the members of his staff for the unremitting and helpful attention 'Unrelated to John C. McCain. 2The new names are the sole responsibility of the senior author (W. L. Schmitt). 3 given to our many problems. Last, but not least, we thank Dr. Holthuis for his help during the last two months (April-May, 1972) of his most recent visit to Washington. He gave more than mere editorial attention to the completion of the manuscript: summarized for publication our carded records of hosts and of the geographic distribution of the pinnotherid species; reviewed the previously prepared copy of the taxa above the species level; helped mightily with the Index; and, finally, supplied the historical commentary introducing the many references to 'the watchman of the Pinna' — Pinnotheres pinnotheres (Linnaeus), made well known to the ancients by Aristotle, 384-322 B.C. But for Dr. Holthuis' modest declination, we would have been happy to have acknowledged our appreciation of his services in the form of co-authorship. In the Catalogus itself an effort has been made to cite every published reference to each known species. The names of all cited authors appear in capital letters to facilitate locating them in the often long lists of references.