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Kohanimevalimik (PDF) 1159 KOHANIMEVALIMIK Valimikus on üle 4300 kohanime. 1. Eesti ja mõned tuntuimad väliskohanimed on esitatud seletusteta, välja arvatud juhud, kui seletusi on vaja näiteks kohakäänete põhjendamiseks (kohakäänded on tähistatud sõnaga kuhu): Ae‿soo <26: kuhu -sse ja -le> (küla) (soonime puhul oleks võimalik ka vorm Aesohu). 2. Enamasti on valimikus vaid põhinimed, mitte aga nendest tulenevad ühendkohanimed. Näi- teks on antud nimed Aden, Harku ja Norra, puuduvad aga Adeni laht, Harku järv ja Norra meri. Riikide jm haldusüksuste ametlikke täisnimetusi esitatakse vaid keelelist täpsustamist väärivatel üksikjuhtudel. 3. Nimede seletused on eelkõige üldiseks orienteerimiseks ega pruugi olla ammendavad, sama- nimelistest kohtadest on mainitud vaid kõige tuntumad. 4. Nimede häälduse märkimiseks kasutatakse sama süsteemi kui sõnaraamatu põhiosas. Eesti- keelse nime hääldusmärgid on lisatud vahetult märksõnasse, muidu on nime või selle osa hääldus esitatud nurksulgude vahel. Tuntumaid või suulises tekstis korduvalt kasutatavaid nimesid, millel on nimetavas kolm silpi ja rõhk märgitud lõppsilbile, võib hääldada ka esi- silbirõhuga, nii nagu analoogilisi võõrsõnu (vt „Märkide tähendus“ lk 8): Alatau, Arzamass, Samarkand, Taganrog. Pearõhu nihkumine esisilbile on paljude tuntud vene kohanimede puhul tavaks. Valimikus on üksikjuhtudel antud ka originaalkeele hääldus, nt Alytus [alitus ja leedu aliit`us]. 5. Kui liitkohanime (nt Ahi‿j`ärv, Avi‿jõgi, Mani‿l`aid, Muna‿mägi, Salo‿s`aar) põhisõna kään- dub nii nagu samasugune sõnaraamatus leiduv märksõna, siis valimikus käändtüüpi ei anta. 6. Eesti vältestruktuurile kohandamisel on mõnikord jäetud III-vältelises silbis täpsustamata, milline häälik pikeneb, nt nime Abidjan [abidž`an] saaks hääldada nii [abidž`aan] kui ka [abidž`ann]. Nimed, mille rõhulises lõppsilbis on kirjapildis lühike täishäälik ja kaashäälik (v.a k, p, t, f, š), on valimikus määratud 19. tüüpi, nt Erzurum : Erzurumi : Erzurumi. See kajastab nimede käändelõppe üksnes nende kirjapildi seisukohalt. Suulises kõnes on loo- mulik, et üks lõppsilbi häälikutest (kaas- või täishäälik) pikeneb ning nimi käändub välte- vaheldusliku malli (tüübi 22e) kohaselt : [erzur`umm : erzur´ummi : erzur`ummi]. 7. Valimikus on paljudele nimedele lisatud rööpvorme: nime eestikeelseid sünonüüme, vas- teid kohalikus keeles (endonüüme) ja vananenud nimekujusid. Võrdusmärgi = järel ja poolpaksus kirjas esitatakse ametlikud rööpnimed, mille kasutamine eestikeelses tekstis on põhimõtteliselt samuti võimalik, nt Espoo = Esbo, P`ürksi = Birkas. Eestipärased mugand nimed, mille asemel on soovitatav tarvitada endonüüme, antakse teisel kohal nt nii: California [kalif`ornia] <1: -sse>, ka Kalif`ornia. 8. Rahvuslikke nimekujusid ladina tähestikku kasutavatest keeltest ja reeglikohast ümberkir- jutust (latinisatsiooni) võõrtähestikku kasutavatest keeltest ei tule lugeda eksimuseks eesti 1160 õigekeelsuse vastu. Näiteks valimikus esikohal antud nimekujude Bukarest, Kopenhaa- gen, Lissabon, Belgrad, Haifa ja Peking asemel ei ole vead ka Bucureşti, København, Lisboa (reeglipärased ladinatähelised nimed), Beograd, H̱ efa ja Beijing (reeglipärased lati- niseeringud). 9. Mitmel reeglipäraselt kirjutataval nimel on eesti tavas kindlaks kujunenud kirjapildilähe- dane hääldus, nt Arkansas, Budapest, London ja Moskva. Nende originaalilähedane hääldus ei ole põhimõtteliselt viga, seejuures võib aga muutuda nime käändtüüp, vrd Arkansas [ark´ansas] : Arkansase, aga Arkansas [´aa(r)kans`oo] : Arkansas’. Kohanimevalimik esi- tab neil juhtudel tavaliselt vaid eestipärasele hääldusele vastava käänamise. 10. Valimik annab võõrkeelsed kohanimed esikohal enamasti täpsel kirjakujul, v.a mõned kee- led (aserbaidžaani, tatari, vietnami), mille puhul on tavaks mõnda tähte lihtsustada, nt kirju- tada vietnami nimesid toonimärkideta. Väljaspool dokumente ja teatmeteoseid on mõeldav ära jätta diakriitilised märgid araabia, jaapani, korea ja pärsia nimedes, nt kirjutada Ar- -Riyad, Tokyo, Kaesong, Esfahan (valimikus Ar-Riyāḑ, Tōkyō, Kaesŏng, Eşfahān). Möön- davad lihtsustused on veel türgi suure İ asendamine I-ga (Istanbul, valimikus İstanbul) ning islandi ð ja þ asendamine vastavalt dh ja th-ga. `Aa <26: kuhu -sse> Abidjan [abidž`an] <19: -i, -i; kuhu -i> linn Elevandi- `Aabla <1: kuhu -sse ja `Aabla> luurannikul, endine pealinn Aachen [`aahhen] <2e: -i; kuhu -isse ja -i> linn Saksa- Abja <16: kuhu -sse ja `Apja> maal Abja-Palu‿oja <17: kuhu -le> `Aadria <1>, `Aadria meri Vahemere osa Apenniini ja Abruka <1: kuhu -sse ja -le> Balkani poolsaare vahel Abşeroni p`ool‿s`aar [abšer´oni] (Aserbaidžaanis Aafrika <1: kuhu -sse> maailmajagu; Aafrika S`arv Kaspia mere ääres) Aafrika idaots (eeskätt Djibouti, Eritrea, Etioopia Abu Dhabi <16: kuhu -sse>, Abū Z̧aby ar Araabia ja Somaalia) Ühendemiraatide pealinn `Aakre <1: kuhu -sse ja `Aakre> Abuja [abuudža] <16: kuhu -sse> Nigeeria pealinn Aalborg [`olbor] <2e: -i; kuhu -isse>, ka Ålborg linn Accra [akr`aa] <26: kuhu -sse> Ghana pealinn Taanis Aceh [atšeh] <2e: -i; kuhu -isse> Indoneesia provints `Aandu <1: kuhu -sse ja `Aandu> Aconcagua [akonk`aagua] <1> mägi Argentinas, `Aardla <1: kuhu -sse ja `Aardla ja -le> Andide kõrgeim Aarhus [`oorh`uus] <22e: -i; kuhu -i>, ka Århus linn A Coruña [a kor´unja] <16: kuhu -sse>, hispaania Taanis keeles varem La Coruña linn Hispaanias `Aasia <1: kuhu -sse> maailmajagu Adavere <16: kuhu -sse ja -v`erre> `Aasov <2e: -i>, `Aasovi meri Musta merega liituv Ad-Dawḩah [ad-dauha] <16: Ad-Dawḩah’; kuhu veekogu Krimmi poolsaare idarannikul Ad-Dawḩah’sse> ar vt Doha `Aaspere <16: kuhu -sse ja -p`erre> Addis Abeba [add`is abeeba] <16: kuhu -sse> Etioo- `Aavere <16: kuhu -sse ja -v`erre> pia pealinn Abakan [abak`an] <19: -i, -i; kuhu -i> vn, Agban Adelaide [´ädel`eid] <22e: -laide’i; kuhu -laide’i> hakassi linn Venemaal, Hakassia pealinn; Jenis- linn Austraalias sei lisajõgi Aden [`aaden] <2e: -i; kuhu -isse>, ‘Adan ar linn Aberdeen [äberd`iin] <22e: -i; kuhu -i> linn Suur- Jeemenis britannias Šotimaal Adila <1: kuhu -sse> Abertawe [abert´ave] <16: kuhu -sse> kõmri vt Admiraliteedi‿saared, Admiralty Islands ingl Paa- Swansea pua Uus-Guineale kuuluv saarestik Abess`iinia <1: kuhu -sse> Etioopia ajalooline nimi Adrian`oopol <2e: -i; kuhu -isse> Edirne kreeka- Abh`aasia <1: kuhu -sse>, Aphsnõ abhaasi, Aphha- pärane nimi zethi gr vabariik Gruusias Adž`aaria <1: kuhu -sse>, Atšara gr vabariik Gruusias 1161 Al-Mukhā Adõg`ee <26: kuhu -sse>, Adõgeja vn, Adõge adõgee Alam-`Austria <1: kuhu -sse>, Niederösterreich Venemaa koosseisu kuuluv vabariik Põhja-Kau- [n´iiderööster`aihh] sks Austria liidumaa kaasias Alam-Saksi <16: kuhu -sse ja -S`aksi>, Niedersach- `Aegna <1: kuhu -sse ja `Aegna ja -le> sen [n´iiderz`aksen] sks Saksa liidumaa `Aegviidu <16: kuhu -v`iitu> Åland [ooland] <2e: -i; kuhu -isse> rts vt Ahvena‿­ `Ae‿s`oo <26i: kuhu -sse ja -le> (küla) m`aa `Aespa <1: kuhu -sse ja -le> Alansi <1e: kuhu -sse ja Alansi> Afganistan [afganist`aan] <22e: -i; kuhu -i>, Afghā- Alaska [al´aska] <16: kuhu -sse ja -le> osariik ja nistān puštu, Afghānestān dari riik Aasias poolsaar USAs Aga [ag`aa] <26: kuhu -sse> haldusüksus (Aga Bur- Alatau [alat`au] <26> mitu mäestikku Kasahstanis ja jaadi ringkond) Venemaal Taga-Baikali krais Kõrgõzstanis Agban [agb`an] <19: -i, -i; kuhu -i> hakassi vt Abakan Alats‿kivi <17: kuhu -le> Aginskoje [ag`inskoje] <1: kuhu -sse> vn, Aga burjaadi Alavere <16: kuhu -sse ja -v`erre> linn Venemaal, Aga Burjaadi ringkonna keskus Alb`aania <1: kuhu -sse>, Shqipëria [štjiperiia] albaa- Agra [aagra] <16: kuhu -sse>, Āgrā hindi linn Indias nia riik Euroopas Aheru j`ärv Albany [`oolbani] <1e: kuhu -sse> linn USAs Ahh´aia <16: kuhu -sse>, Achaḯa kr Kreeka maakond Al-Başrah [al-b`asra] <1: kuhu Al-Başrah’sse> ar vt Ahi‿j`ärv Basra Ahja <16: kuhu -le> Alberta [alb´erta] <16: kuhu -sse> Kanada provints Ahli <16: kuhu -sse ja `Ahli> Albion [`albion] <19: -i, -i; kuhu -i ja -ile> Suur- Ahmedabad [ahmedab`aad] <22e: -i; kuhu -i>, britannia ajaloolisi nimesid Amdāvād gudžarati linn Indias Ålborg [`olbor] <2e: -i; kuhu -isse> vt Aalborg `Ahtme <1: kuhu -sse ja `Ahtme> Alborz [älb`orz] <22e: -i; kuhu -i> mäeahelik Iraanis Ahvena‿m`aa <26i: kuhu -le>, Åland [ooland] rts, Al'bu <16: kuhu -sse ja `Al'pu> Ahvenanmaa sm maakond ja saarestik Soomes Albuquerque [´älbuköö(r)ki] <16: kuhu -sse> linn Aiaste <1: kuhu -sse> USAs Aidu <16: kuhu -sse ja `Aitu> Aleks`andria <1: kuhu -sse>, Al-Iskandarīyah ar linn `Aimla <1: kuhu -sse ja `Aimla> Egiptuses Ainaži <1e: kuhu -sse> Heinaste lätikeelne nimi Aleppo [al´epo] <16: kuhu -sse>, Ḩalab ar linn Süü- `Ainja <1: kuhu -sse ja `Ainja> rias Aizkraukle [`aizkr`aukle] <1: kuhu -sse> linn Lätis Aletschhorn [al`etšh`orn] <22e: -horni, -h`orni> mägi Ait`oolia <1: kuhu -sse>, Aitolía [etoliia] kr maa-ala ja liustik Šveitsis Kreekas Aleuudid mitm <22e: -`uutide; kuhu -`uutidele>, `Aitsra <1: kuhu -sse ja `Aitsra> Aleuudi saared, Aleutian Islands ingl saarestik Aiviekste [`aiv`iekste] <16> Daugava lisajõgi Lätis USAs Alaskas Akarn`aania <1: kuhu -sse>, Akarnanía kr maa-ala Alföld [`alf`öld] <22e: -földi; kuhu -f`öldi> madalik Kreekas Doonau keskjooksul, pms Ungaris Akko [`akko] <1: kuhu -sse> linn Iisraelis Al-Ḩijāz [al-hidž`aaz] <22e: -i; kuhu -i> maa-ala Akmola [akmol`aa] <26: kuhu -sse>, varem ka Akmo- Saudi Araabias linsk prg Astana Al-Kuwayt [al-ku`ait] <22e: -i; kuhu -i> Kuveidi pea- Akron [`äkron] <2e: -i; kuhu -isse> linn USAs linn Aksi <16: kuhu -le> (saar) Allegheny [älig´eini] <16> mäestik USAs Apalatši- `Akste <1: kuhu -sse ja `Akste> des Aktau [akt`au] <26: kuhu -sse> linn Kasahstanis Allika
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