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The Forts, ' Camps,' and Other Field-Works of Perth, Forfar, and Kincardine

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The Forts, ' Camps,' and Other Field-Works of Perth, Forfar, and Kincardine FORTS, ' CAMPS,' ETC., OF PERTH, FORl'AK, AND KINCARDINE. 43 I. THE FORTS, ' CAMPS,' AND OTHER FIELD-WORKS OF PERTH, FORFAR, AND KINCARDINE. BY D. CHRISTISON, M.D., SECRETARY. Havin t variouga s times visite d madan d e rough plan f nearlo s l yal the forts in this large district, and being privileged to use the plans and descriptions of the few that I have not seen, but which have already been publishe r Proceedingsou n i dr Alex M y . b Hutcheson, thum a s I 1 able givo t etolerabla y exhaustive accoun e wholeth f to . The course of my investigations naturally led me to see also a good many of the ' Eomaii Camps' of the district, and of the obscure field- works, the precise nature of which cannot be ascertained without ex- cavating them—i lattere fth then f I ,hav O . e attempte givo t d e some account I hav d ean , referred briefl e samothero yt th f e o skin d thaI t have not seen, classing them all in a group by themselves ; but I have not described the 'Roman Camps,' because the subject is so large as to require separate treatment. (Platp Th ema ) showeI. e generath s l e elevatio th e lan y th b df o n contou d 100an 0 0 r fee50 line f te o principasaboveth e d seath "an , l • streams o avoiT . d overcrowding with names, the only inhabited places entered are the larger towns and such of the villages, generally of great antiquity, as are near the forts and serve as guides to their position. Besides the forts and the obscure field-works noticed in the text, the ' Koman Camps,' although undescribed for the reason just given, have been introduced on the map to give some additional value to it as a record of the fortified works of the district. All the works either have their special designation attached, when they hav e name ar one r o d, afte hil e whicn th ro l h they e nearesstandth r o , t inhabited placee Th . different classes are distinguished by the marks explained on the map, 1 "Notes on the Stone Circle near Kenmore, and of some Hill Forts in the neigh- bourhood of Aberfeldy, Perthshire," by Alexander Hutcheson, F.S.A., Architect, Broughty Ferry, . Proc.Scot.,A . S xxiii. 356. 4 4 PROCEEDING E SOCIETYTH F O S , DECEMBER 11, 1899. and as the objects in each class are taken in the text from the south and west northwar d eastwardan d ,e p shoul th thei ma e b dre th plac n o e more easily found. Certain obscure works in Glenlyon, which lie beyond the map, are given from the Ordnance Survey on a separate little chart (fig. 55). My plane Figurese orienteth ar sf d o an ,p d to wit e e nortth th h o ht e inchth o ,t unles. ft 0 s e 12 scalwhe th f o en n o the e otherwisar y e stated. The profiles are usually on twice that scale. All heights of ramparts, etc., are perpendicular heights. A few contractions of words that occur frequently arc used in the text. Most of these are easily enough understood, and all that seem to require explanatio O.Me nOrdnancr ar fo . ;p O.S.AMa eN.S.A d an . r fo . the Old and New Statistical Accoimts of Scotland. GENEKAL DESCRIPTION OF THK DISTRICT. e districTh t dealt with nearly corresponds wit e Soutth h h Pictland of Skene, including the vaguely defined Fortrenn, but without Fife, whic s reluctantli h y excluded I hav s a personao , n e l knowledgs it f eo forts. districa Is ti t well define e isolatio naturth y b dy b wels a es n a l s fortoit f s from othe rboundes ease i groups th Norte t i t n th O y hdb . e northth n Seaa wid,O . e elevated tract destitut f forto e s dividet i s from the Aberdeenshire group. On the west, the Grampians, also entirely without forts, limit the united groups of Angus and the Perthshirn i Mearns f i d e fortan ,Highlane ecreeth o th d s p pu d glent si is only to find themselves cut off by a vast space from groups further west. Finally, on the south, a tongue of high tableland projecting from the Highlands toward Ochile sth s opposite Gleneagles Ochile th d s an ,runnin g thence to the Firth of Tay, form a well marked boundary. Besides town f importanco s e presenth t a e t somn dayi r o e, instances long districbefore th , eit t contains Abernethy, Forteviot Sconed an ,e th , now decayed capitals of the Picts, besides Dundurn, the probable chief stronghold of Fortrenn, also many villages whose great antiquity is testified FORTS, ' GAMPS,' ETC., OF PERTH, FOKFAR, AND KINCARDINE. 45 by the carved stones still existing at them, and although the number of fort comparativels i s y small, therotheo n s ei r distric n Scotlani t d that contain greao s proportioa t f larg no importand ean t examples. The country people, particularly of Angus and Mearns, although allocated in our military system to Highland regiments, appeared to me to be of a marked Lowland type in character, manners, and appearance; and the very small proportion of Highland names on the tombstones in the churchyards, even those on the Highland border, indicates a small admixtur bloof eo d wit neighbourine hth g Celts I hav. e been furnished frieny m y d b Dr Beddoe wit followine hth g not thin eo s subject:— "Surnames in Laureneelcirlc Kirkyard.—Every tombstone was counted separately, but four or five identical surnames on one tombstone were reckoned as only one. r centPe . Surnames: Highland,... 20 8'5 ,, Border or Lothian, . 10 4'2 Doubtful, ... 14 6- „ . Others.19 . , 2 81'3 Some of those stated to be of doubtful origin may have been really Highland ones' others e th ; ' wer variouf o e s Lowland Scotch typesr o , common to England and the Scotch Lowlands. The inference I draw is tha t beet no ther ns muceha h immigration fro Highlande mth s since this part of the country was Saxonised. e followinth d n illustrationI ad gy factma sI , extracted froe mth Parish Eegisters of Muthill in Perthshire :— Out of 200 entries of names in the years 1697 to 1700, 83, or 41 "5 per cent., were of Highland type. But in 200 names taken from the Register perioe th f so d between r cent.184 pe 1886d 6 5an ,1 r , o onl , y32 were distinctly Highland thin I s. cas e changeth f populatioeo n seems to have been due to a current setting in from the Lowlands, or perhaps partly from the Highland families moving into the large towns." The distinction of race is also strongly brought out by the difference 6 4 PROCEEDING SOCIETYE TH F O S , DECEMBER 11, 1899. coloue th f haieyesn d o i r an ascertaines r a , r BeddoD y db n observa i e - tions made in 1898, but not yet published. CLASSIFICATION. strictlA y scientifi r accurato c e classificatio f objecto n s that have suffered so much from gradual decay, and so much more from the ruthless han whicd f man an do e ofte ,h ar overgrowo s n n with d turan f weeds that without excavation we cannot eve e surb n e whether they are of earth or stone, is obviously impossible. The best I can make of it dividio st e objecteth s under the following chief heads :— I. Earthworks and probable Earthworks. II. Stone Forts and probable Stone Forts. III. Sites of Forts with little or 110 remains. DubiouIV s work sitesr so , marked For O.M e - Camr o th t. n po V. Dubious works or sites, possibly military, not marked Fort or O.Me Camth . n po I. EARTHWORK PROBABLD SAN E EARTHWORKS. (a) EARTHWORK RESEMBLING A TYPICAL MOTE. 1. If division of our subject be difficult, subdivision is still more so, but it may be said that only one work can be structurally classed without doubt as a Mote. This is the Cairn Beth of the O.M., the Cairn Beddie, Cuer Bed, Caer Beth r Macbeth'so e N.S.ACastle th e tru f Th o e . local name appears havo t e been Cair Betr n o probabl e CaeBeddiee d har th rBe d y,an interpreta- tion Macbeth'o t lea o st p u d s Castle titla , e whic hI canno t earlietracn a o et r source than the N.S.A. The site is 5 m.-N.E. of Perth, 700 yds. N.W. of St Martin's Church at the bottom of a gentle hollow, close to a small rill, ft0 . wore 25 abov d Th mucs e kseai an th e. h ploughed down t stilbu ,l shows the plan (fig. 1) of a typical mote with a squarish base court surrounded by a trench, the mote or mound descending on one side into the trench. The mote is now only 8 or 10 ft. high and the trench almost filled up, but the writer in the N.S.A. says that twenty-four years before he wrote, a great quantity of earth was removed eved an , n afte s tim e hi O.Mr eth .
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