DOCSLIB.ORG

This Article Appeared in a Journal Published by Elsevier. the Attached

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
This Article Appeared in a Journal Published by Elsevier. the Attached This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues. Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier’s archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: http://www.elsevier.com/authorsrights Author's personal copy Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 445 (2013) 140–147 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jembe Estimating the sex ratio of green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) in Taiwan by the nest temperature and histological methods Rowena King a,⁎, Wan-Hwa Cheng b, Cheng-Tsung Tseng c, Hochang Chen c, I-Jiunn Cheng c,⁎ a St. Vincent Girls' High School, P.O. Box 1057, Kingstown, Saint Vincent and The Grenadines b Department of Biological Science, Central Florida University, Orlando, FL 32816, USA c Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202-24, Taiwan, ROC article info abstract Article history: Sex ratio is an important population characteristic. It is especially important for endangered species with Received 23 July 2012 temperature-dependent sex determination, such as sea turtles. As turtle sex ratio at hatching is primarily Received in revised form 28 March 2013 influenced by the environmental temperature, the ability to estimate sex ratio is crucial to the success of conser- Accepted 29 March 2013 vation measures. Green turtles (Chelonia mydas) are the only sea turtles that nest in Taiwan. Despite much region- Available online xxxx al research on the ecology of this species, the sex ratio has not yet been determined in Taiwan. We combined measures of nest temperature during the thermally sensitive period with a histological method to estimate the Keywords: Green sea turtle hatchling sex ratio from three nesting islands in Taiwan from 2010 to 2011. We determined that the sex ratios Hatchling sex ratio for green turtle populations in Taiwan were female biased during the study period. In line with that overall Histological method trend, Wan-an Island with drier and hotter weather during the nesting season, produced more female hatchlings Nest temperature than the other main nesting island—Lanyu Island. Results of this study stress that differences in sex ratio are im- Nesting islands portant to consider when developing conservation strategies, even among closely located sites such as Wan-an and Lanyu Islands. This is the first study of the hatchling sex ratio of green sea turtles in the East Asian region. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction For immature turtles, the lack of morphological sex characteristics has made distinguishing the sexes difficult. (Larios, 1999; Wibbels, It is important to assess the sex ratios of endangered species with 2003). The sex of juvenile animals can be determined either by lapa- temperature-dependent sex determination, such as sea turtles, so roscopic observation of gonads (Limpus and Reed, 1985; Wibbels, that the conservation implications of skewed sex ratios can be consid- 1999, 2003) or indirectly by radioimmunoassay (RIA) of testosterone ered. Recent reviews of global climate change (e.g., IPCC, 2007) have in the blood serum (Owens et al., 1978; Wibbels, 1999). For hatch- demonstrated the impact of temperature on organisms worldwide. lings, two methods are currently employed: direct and indirect Because temperature is rising globally, it is important to determine (Wibbels, 2003). Direct methods involve sacrificing hatchlings or the effects of temperature and other factors on the sex ratios of sea using dead hatchlings found in the nest. Their sex can be determined turtle populations, and to learn whether their environmental sex de- by careful gross morphological examination of the gonad exterior and termination operates similarly among species and populations global- accessory duct characters (Wyneken et al., 2007) or by histological ly (e.g. Hawkes et al., 2009; Hays et al., 2010; Houghton et al., 2007; examination of the gonad (e.g. Ceriani and Wyneken, 2008; Newson et al., 2007; Poloczanska et al., 2009). Sea turtles are endan- Wibbels, 2003). Of these direct two methods, the latter is considered gered species with sex ratios, at least at egg hatching, determined by more accurate (Mrosovsky and Benabib, 1990; Mrosovsky and nest temperature. Information on the sex ratio at every life stage is Godfrey, 1995). It incurs fewer sex-identification errors than the crucial to conservation measures intended to protect these species. gross morphology method (Mrosovsky and Benabib, 1990). Indirect Several methods have been used to determine the sex of sea turtles. methods use pivotal temperature, sand temperature or incubation For adult turtles, sex identification is not difficult, because male duration to predict the hatchling sex ratios from the nesting beach turtles have a large and muscular prehensile tail extending well be- (e.g. Broderick et al., 2000; Godfrey et al., 1999; Godley et al., 2001; yond the carapace. The tails of females are short and, at most, project Marcovaldi et al., 1997; Mrosovsky et al., 1999, 2009). That reduces only slightly beyond the edge of the marginal scutes (Wibbels, 1999). the tedious work of sexing individual hatchlings. However, it also re- quires sacrifice of large numbers of hatchlings to obtain the pivotal temperature (PT) and Transitional Range of Temperature (TRT) ⁎ Corresponding author. Tel.: +886 2 24622192x5303; fax: +886 2 24628974. from a specific beach in the preliminary work (Wibbels, 2003). De- E-mail addresses: [email protected] (R. King), [email protected] (W.-H. Cheng), [email protected] (C.-T. Tseng), [email protected] (H. Chen), spite morphological differences it is difficult to estimate the sex [email protected] (I.-J. Cheng). ratio of adults and juveniles in any given sea turtle population. For 0022-0981/$ – see front matter © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2013.03.016 Author's personal copy R. King et al. / Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 445 (2013) 140–147 141 the adults, only the females emerge to nest, and they do not nest 2. Material and methods every year. Despite this logistical problem, it is possible to estimate sex ratios of breeding adults from fishery by-catches and direct under- Two methods were used to determine hatchling sex ratios in this water observations. Juveniles are difficult to locate, and if found, it is study: the histology of dead hatchlings and the nest temperature uncertain what proportion of the population they represent (Wibbels, during the sex-determination period. The endangered status of green 2003). Sex identification of hatchlings is, therefore, the most reliable turtles in Taiwan and the low number of turtles nesting in Taiwan method to estimate the early-life sex ratio of a population. prevented us from sacrificing whole clutches as has been done in Several factors have been found to influence the sex ratio of hatch- some other studies (e.g. Godfrey et al., 1996; Mrosovsky, 1988). In addi- lings. They include latitude, season, shading such as by nearshore forest, tion, logistic limitations (e.g. insufficient manpower in the field, poor sand color, precipitation, nest depth and anthropogenic events like beach weather conditions, etc.) prevented us from extensively sampling the nourishment (adding sand) and adjacent housing projects (Broderick et clutches. To amend this shortfall, we recorded the clutch temperatures al., 2000; Godfrey et al., 1996; Hawkes et al., 2009; Hays et al., 1999; with loggers and estimated the clutch temperature from the sand tem- Houghton et al., 2007; Kamel and Mrosovsky, 2006; Kaska et al., 2006; perature near clutches for which loggers were not available. The sex Morreale et al., 1982; Mrosovsky, 1988; Mrosovsky et al., 1984; ratios of the green turtle hatchlings from clutches not examined directly Pavenport, 1997; Poloczanska et al., 2009; Wibbels, 2003). These factors can be approximated from the incubation temperatures. are all related to in situ sand temperature. Temperature influences the sex of the hatchling through the sex determination cascade, by activating 2.1. Field data collections genes encoding enzymes for steroid synthesis and for enzymes such as aramatase (Godfrey et al., 2003; Hulin et al., 2009; Merchant-Larios et Data were collected from Lanyu and Wan-an during the nesting al., 1997; Pavenport, 1997; Wibbels, 2003). This will result in the varia- seasons (June to October) of 2010 and 2011, with the addition of tion of sex ratios on both the spatial (different nesting beaches) and LiuChiu Island in 2011. Beaches were patrolled for nesting females temporal (yearly) scales. Therefore, it is important to determine the each night and early morning. Once a female had finished camouflaging sex ratios of turtles from different nesting beaches in order to conduct her nest, eggs were excavated within 4 h of oviposition and the clutch proper conservation measures. size (total number of eggs laid) was determined. Morning patrols Five species of sea turtle live near Taiwan, namely green turtle were conducted to make sure that no nest had been missed the previ- (Chelonia mydas), loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta), hawksbill turtle ous night, and patrols were also conducted on the earliest expected (Eretmochelys imbricata), olive Ridley turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea) hatchling emergence date, so that the emerging hatchlings could be and leatherback turtle (Dermochelys coriacea). Among them, only recorded. Nests were excavated 3 to 5 days after the first emergence. green sea turtles nest on beaches in Taiwan (Chen and Cheng, 1995; On Wan-an Island, hatchlings were dissected on the day they were col- Cheng, 2011).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 蘭嶼當地學童對綠蠵龜生態保育之觀點分析perception of Local Students In
    蘭嶼當地學童對綠蠵龜生態保育之觀點分析 CP7 Perception of local students in Orchid Island towards conservation of Green turtle 謝宇柔*、程一駿 Yu-jou,Hsieh*, I-Jiunn,Chen 國立台灣海洋大學海洋生物研究所（National Taiwan Ocean University,Institute of Marine Biology） 蘭嶼為目前台灣最穩定的綠蠵龜產卵棲地，因此產卵沙灘的保育及維護格外 重要，但綠蠵龜產卵沙灘與當地族人之生活範圍具有高度的重疊性，時常造成保 育研究單位與當地族人發生衝突，為解決此現象，除了溝通與協商外，能夠從根 本解決問題的方法便是教育。由其他的研究指出，小學為最容易接受新知的一個 階段，蘭嶼當地小學生接受的訊息來源除了學校教育外便是家長，因此研究的目 的除了希望能直接了解當地小學生的觀點外，也能從中間接推敲出成年人的想法。 本研究將針對當地四所國小（東清國小、椰油國小、蘭嶼國小、朗島國小）的中 高年級（3-6年級）學童進行問卷調查，調查內容除了基本資料外將分為主觀看法 與客觀知識性的理解，預計發放100份問卷，占蘭嶼學童人口85％。除了整體的 分析外，因各小學分別位於不同部落，本研究也能夠更深入的分析各部落間對於 綠蠵龜生態保育之觀點上的差異，有利後續設計相關教育宣導計畫。" 關鍵字（Keywords）：蘭嶼（Lanyu）、學童（Student）、觀點（Perception） DP13 台灣綠蠵龜稚龜之性別比的研究 Estimate the Green Turtle Hatchlings Sex Ratio in Taiwan 詹銀婷 1*、程一駿 2 Yin-Ting Chan1* and I-Jiunn Cheng2 1 國立臺灣海洋大學生命科學暨生物科技學系（National Taiwan Ocean University Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology） 2 國立臺灣海洋大學海洋生物研究所（National Taiwan Ocean University Institute of Marine Biology） 性別比對瀕危物種而言，是維持其族群延續的一個重要指標，尤其對海龜這 類由溫度決定性別的生物而言更是重要。海龜的性別由孵化期中第三期的沙溫所 決定，而我們也很難從其外觀型態判斷出海龜稚龜的性別。在台灣，綠蠵龜主要 產卵的沙灘有三個：望安島、蘭嶼島及琉球嶼。2011 及 2012 的研究發現，台灣 綠蠵龜稚龜的性別比有明顯偏向雌性的趨勢；約 89％～100％。為了瞭解這四到 五年來，性別比是否隨著時間的變化而有改變，於 2015 及 2016 年重新收集死亡 綠蠵龜稚龜的樣本，利用組織切片法，配合孵化期的卵窩溫度，判斷其性別比， 並與過去的研究做比較。此項研究結果對於全球氣候變遷對綠蠵龜族群的影響是 很重要的，也能提供綠蠵龜保育策略的建議，提出適當之學理依據。 關鍵字（Keywords）：綠蠵龜（Green Turtle）、性別比（Sex Ratio）、孵化溫 度（Incubation Temperature） DP14 卵窩溫度對台東縣蘭嶼鄉綠蠵龜卵窩孵化之影響 The influence of nest temperature on incubation of green sea tutrle (Chelonia mydas) on Lanyu Island, Taitung County 周厚均*、程一駿 Chou Houchun* and I-Jiunn
    [Show full text]
  • Cycling Taiwan – Great Rides in the Bicycle Kingdom
    Great Rides in the Bicycle Kingdom Cycling Taiwan Peak-to-coast tours in Taiwan’s top scenic areas Island-wide bicycle excursions Routes for all types of cyclists Family-friendly cycling fun Tourism Bureau, M.O.T.C. Words from the Director-General Taiwan has vigorously promoted bicycle tourism in recent years. Its efforts include the creation of an extensive network of bicycle routes that has raised Taiwan’s profile on the international tourism map and earned the island a spot among the well-known travel magazine, Lonely Planet’s, best places to visit in 2012. With scenic beauty and tasty cuisine along the way, these routes are attracting growing ranks of cyclists from around the world. This guide introduces 26 bikeways in 12 national scenic areas in Taiwan, including 25 family-friendly routes and, in Alishan, one competition-level route. Cyclists can experience the fascinating geology of the Jinshan Hot Spring area on the North Coast along the Fengzhimen and Jinshan-Wanli bikeways, or follow a former rail line through the Old Caoling Tunnel along the Longmen-Yanliao and Old Caoling bikeways. Riders on the Yuetan and Xiangshan bikeways can enjoy the scenic beauty of Sun Moon Lake, while the natural and cultural charms of the Tri-Mountain area await along the Emei Lake Bike Path and Ershui Bikeway. This guide also introduces the Wushantou Hatta and Baihe bikeways in the Siraya National Scenic Area, the Aogu Wetlands and Beimen bikeways on the Southwest Coast, and the Round-the-Bay Bikeway at Dapeng Bay. Indigenous culture is among the attractions along the Anpo Tourist Cycle Path in Maolin and the Shimen-Changbin Bikeway, Sanxiantai Bike Route, and Taiyuan Valley Bikeway on the East Coast.
    [Show full text]
  • TAO RESIDENTS' PERCEPTIONS of SOCIAL and CULTRUAL IMPACTS of TOURISM in LAN-YU, TAIWAN Cheng-Hsuan Hsu Clemson University, [email protected]
    Clemson University TigerPrints All Theses Theses 12-2006 TAO RESIDENTS' PERCEPTIONS OF SOCIAL AND CULTRUAL IMPACTS OF TOURISM IN LAN-YU, TAIWAN Cheng-hsuan Hsu Clemson University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses Part of the Recreation, Parks and Tourism Administration Commons Recommended Citation Hsu, Cheng-hsuan, "TAO RESIDENTS' PERCEPTIONS OF SOCIAL AND CULTRUAL IMPACTS OF TOURISM IN LAN-YU, TAIWAN" (2006). All Theses. 47. https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses/47 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses at TigerPrints. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Theses by an authorized administrator of TigerPrints. For more information, please contact [email protected]. TAO RESIDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS OF SOCIAL AND CULTRUAL IMPACTS OF TOURISM IN LAN-YU, TAIWAN _________________________________________________________ A Thesis Presented to the Graduate School of Clemson University _________________________________________________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science Park, Recreation, and Tourism Management _________________________________________________________ by Cheng-Hsuan Hsu December 2006 _________________________________________________________ Accepted by: Dr. Kenneth F. Backman, Committee Chair Dr. Sheila J. Backman Dr. Francis A. McGuire ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to investigate residents’ perceptions of the social and cultural impacts of tourism on Lan-Yu (Orchid Island). More specifically, this study examines Lan-Yu’s aboriginal residents’ (The Tao) perceptions of social and cultural impacts of tourism. Systematic sampling and a survey questionnaire procedure was employed in this study. After the factor analysis, three underlying dimensions were found when examining Tao residents’ perceptions of social and cultural impacts of tourism, and they were named: positive cultural effects, negative cultural effects, and negative social effects.
    [Show full text]
  • Travel & Culture 2019
    July 2019 | Vol. 49 | Issue 7 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE IN TAIPEI IN OF COMMERCE THE AMERICAN CHAMBER TRAVEL & CULTURE 2019 TAIWAN BUSINESS TOPICS TAIWAN July 2019 | Vol. 49 | Issue 7 Vol. July 2019 | 中 華 郵 政 北 台 字 第 5000 號 執 照 登 記 為 雜 誌 交 寄 ISSUE SPONSOR Published by the American Chamber Of Read TOPICS Online at topics.amcham.com.tw NT$150 Commerce In Taipei 7_2019_Cover.indd 1 2019/7/3 上午5:53 CONTENTS 6 President’s View A few of my favorite Taiwan travel moments JULY 2019 VOLUME 49, NUMBER 7 By William Foreman 8 A Tour of Taipei’s Old Publisher Walled City William Foreman Much of what is now downtown Editor-in-Chief Taipei was once enclosed within Don Shapiro city walls, with access through Art Director/ / five gates. The area has a lot to Production Coordinator tell about the city’s history. Katia Chen By Scott Weaver Manager, Publications Sales & Marketing Caroline Lee 12 Good Clean Fun With Live Music in Taipei American Chamber of Commerce in Taipei Some suggestions on where to 129 MinSheng East Road, Section 3, go and the singers and bands 7F, Suite 706, Taipei 10596, Taiwan P.O. Box 17-277, Taipei, 10419 Taiwan you might hear. Tel: 2718-8226 Fax: 2718-8182 e-mail: [email protected] By Jim Klar website: http://www.amcham.com.tw 16 Taipei’s Coffee Craze 050 2718-8226 2718-8182 Specialty coffee shops have Taiwan Business TOPICS is a publication of the American sprung up on nearly every street Chamber of Commerce in Taipei, ROC.
    [Show full text]
  • Development of Central Taiwan
    Chapter IV Findings and Discussions 1. Ethnic Groups Involved in the Development of Central Taiwan “Development” originally means “cultivating a piece of wild land until it becomes productive”, and people also use the word to refer to the civilization process not only limited to agriculture but including cultural, social, economical and behavioral changes as well (Yin, 1989). Since development is a kind of purpose-driven activity, people involved in the process must play an important role. There had been Austronesian groups, Dutch, Han people and Japanese living in Central Taiwan along the time axis before Taiwan was returned to China in 1945, and in the following account we will start from Austronesian groups. 1.1 Austronesia People An account of Taiwan can be traced back to Sui Dynasty (隋朝), called “Liuqiu” (流 求) at that time. In “History Book of Sui” (隋書) it was written that the “Liuqiu kingdom is located in the ocean.” At that time, the emperor of Sui intended to conquer it, but their language was not intelligible, so the emperor recruited people from the south to form an army, for one of the southern ethnic groups, Kun-lun (崑崙), also known as Malaysian (馬來人), can understand Liuqiu’s language quite well (Abe, 1994). According to this passage and recent linguistic research, these people should belong to Austronesian groups and were the earliest inhabitants of Taiwan. 17 Austronesian people in Taiwan can be divided into two groups: mountain groups and plains groups, also known as Pingpu groups. The mountain groups are better known by people in Taiwan, for their language and culture are still distinguishable.
    [Show full text]
  • Exciting Observations of Numerous Green Turtles Foraging in Coastal Waters of Liuqiu Island, Taiwan by Connie Ka-Yan NG1 and George H
    Exciting Observations of Numerous Green Turtles Foraging in Coastal Waters of Liuqiu Island, Taiwan By Connie Ka-yan NG1 and George H. Balazs2 [email protected] / [email protected] PhD student of City University of Hong Kong. [email protected] Pacific Islands Regional Vice Chair, IUCN SSC Marine Turtle Specialist Group. January 2013 In October 2011 we attended a sea turtle stranding workshop in Taiwan. After this informative and enjoyable meeting of turtle specialists, our colleague Prof. I-Jiunn Cheng kindly invited several of us to visit Liuqiu Island (Latitude 22° 20’ 19.12’’N, Longitude 120°22’11.34’’E) (in Chinese ) of Pingtung County in Taiwan (See maps 1-3 attached). A 20-minute ferry boat ride 15km off the west coast of Taiwan, the island is only 6.8 km² with coral and rock fringing reefs, clear water, several sandy beaches and three boat harbors. With a human population of about 12,000, local residents make their living primarily by distant-water fishing and tourism from Taiwan. The island is famous for its rich Tao and Buddhist temple culture. In November 2012 we returned to the Liuqiu Island again for cultural respect for the Liuqiu Wangye Worshipping Ceremony () only held every 3 years. For several days a large beautifully constructed replica of a boat is transported for worship by hand around the island along with the Palanquin of Wangye. Using tons of ‘paper money’ the boat is then set on fire on the beach and entirely burned to ashes. Two of our friends, local conservationists Tien and Sophia at the Ocean Blue Hostel led us to the cliff at the spot “Camping Area”, in the north of Liuqiu Island, to observe foraging green turtles in the late afternoon on 8 November 2012.
    [Show full text]
  • Gaming Development in Taiwan
    11/27/2013 Gaming Development in Taiwan Cathy Hsu 1 11/27/2013 Taiwan East China Sea • Population: 23m • A large and relatively robust economy Taipei • Small tourism industry Taiwan Strait • Cross strait issues dominate politics • Hiving out of manufacturing to China has slowed economy Green Island Kaohsiung Pacific Ocean Little Liuqiu Orchid Island Popularity of Gaming • Mahjong games are played in homes • Online and illegal gaming dens • Lottery is a national pastime – Ever since the launch of the computerized lottery (early 2000), Taiwan's media have given a back seat to tabloid news and sex scandals in favor of all manner of stories about lottery madness. – Day after day, newspapers are filled with reports about the many weird, wonderful methods of finding lucky lotto numbers 2 11/27/2013 Lotto Craze • Disgraced Taiwan politician sparks lottery frenzy: Lin’ s NT$83m demand came from his wife TV anchor Peng Ai‐Chia’s birth date of 30th August and her car plate number 8300. Those digits, along with Lin’s detention number 2559, have become the most popular lottery numbers in Taiwan. • Some skip meals and sleep in a restless search for the numbers. The birthdays of celebrities, the death dates of relatives and the scenes of car accidents have all been treated as clues. 3 11/27/2013 Lotto Craze • Lucky places to purchase lottery tickets have become the center of the public frenzy. The areas flooded during Typhoon Nari have become popular sites for such purchases because "water brings fortune“ • “Godsends” numbers are pppopular movie and
    [Show full text]
  • Historical Romance and Sixteenth-Century Chinese Cultural Fantasies
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2013 Genre and Empire: Historical Romance and Sixteenth-Century Chinese Cultural Fantasies Yuanfei Wang University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the English Language and Literature Commons, and the History Commons Recommended Citation Wang, Yuanfei, "Genre and Empire: Historical Romance and Sixteenth-Century Chinese Cultural Fantasies" (2013). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 938. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/938 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/938 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Genre and Empire: Historical Romance and Sixteenth-Century Chinese Cultural Fantasies Abstract Chinese historical romance blossomed and matured in the sixteenth century when the Ming empire was increasingly vulnerable at its borders and its people increasingly curious about exotic cultures. The project analyzes three types of historical romances, i.e., military romances Romance of Northern Song and Romance of the Yang Family Generals on northern Song's campaigns with the Khitans, magic-travel romance Journey to the West about Tang monk Xuanzang's pilgrimage to India, and a hybrid romance Eunuch Sanbao's Voyages on the Indian Ocean relating to Zheng He's maritime journeys and Japanese piracy. The project focuses on the trope of exogamous desire of foreign princesses and undomestic women to marry Chinese and social elite men, and the trope of cannibalism to discuss how the expansionist and fluid imagined community created by the fiction shared between the narrator and the reader convey sentiments of proto-nationalism, imperialism, and pleasure.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment on Island Ecological Vulnerability to Tourism Application to Zhoushan, China
    Ecological Indicators 113 (2020) 106247 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Ecological Indicators journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ecolind Nouveauté or Cliché? Assessment on island ecological vulnerability to Tourism: Application to Zhoushan, China T ⁎ Xin Maa,b, , Martin de Jongc,d,e, Baiqing Suna, Xin Baoa a School of Management, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West Dazhi Street, Nan Gang District, Harbin 150001, China b School of Languages and Literature, Harbin Institute of Technology, 2 Wenhuaxi Road, Weihai 264209, China c Erasmus School of Law, Erasmus University Rotterdam, 3062 PA Rotterdam, The Netherlands d Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, 3062 PA Rotterdam, The Netherlands e School of International Relations and Public Affairs, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: In comparison with coastal zones, islands are even more vulnerable to anthropogenic disturbance, especially to Island ecological vulnerability (IEV) tourism and tourism-induced activities. Despite a great number of studies on either island tourism or island Island tourism vulnerability reviewed in this paper, knowledge and practice of the impact from tourism upon island ecological Coupling coordination degree modeling vulnerability (IEV) still needs to be expanded. In this contribution, the IEV of four administrative regions in (CCDM) Zhoushan, China is assessed between 2012 and 2017 based on an “exposure (E)-sensitivity (S)-adaptive capacity Zhoushan (A)” framework and by means of coupling
    [Show full text]
  • Study on the Correlations Among Tourist Experience, Leisure Benefits and Leisure Satisfaction in Ecotourism
    IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) e-ISSN: 2278-487X, p-ISSN: 2319-7668. Volume 21, Issue 4. Ser. III (April. 2019), PP 24-30 www.iosrjournals.org Study on the Correlations among Tourist Experience, Leisure Benefits and Leisure Satisfaction in Ecotourism Ming-KueiChien Assistant Professor, Department of Leisure, Recreation and Tourism Management,Tzu Hui Institute of Technology Abstract: The purpose of study is to interpret the relationship of tourist’s tour experience、leisure benefits and leisure satisfaction in Ecotourism. The population is the tourists of ecotourism to visit Dapeng Bay National Scenic Area and questionnaire is by convenience sampling. According to purpose and hypothesis, the study is interpreted the hypothesis and analyzed the data by Structural equation modeling. The results are that: 1. The tourist experience is positive affect to leisure benefits. 2. The leisure benefitsis positive affect to leisure satisfaction. The structural equation modeling of the study is expected to have positive affect to the National Scenic Area and tourism in Taiwan. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Date of Submission: 29-03-2019 Date of acceptance: 13-04-2019 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - I. Introduction 1.Research background and motivation Dapeng Bay National Scenic Area is one of the national scenic areas of the Republic of China. Established in 1997, it covers Dapeng Bay on the southwest coastline of Taiwan’s main island and the adjacent land. In 2000, it merged with the Xiao Liuqiu Scenic Area to form the Dapeng Bay Moorland Ecological National Scenic Area, which is entirely located in Pingtung County. In addition to the scenery of Dapeng Bay and Liuqiu Island, the Dapeng Air Force Centralized Training Campsite, originally located on land adjacent to Dapeng Bay, has also become another tourist attraction of military historical significance.
    [Show full text]
  • Geologic Hazard Risk Assessment of Slopeland Villages in Southern
    Sains Malaysiana 44(12)(2015): 1677–1683 Geologic Hazard Risk Assessment of Slopeland Villages in Southern Taiwan Using Remote Sensing Techniques (Penilaian Risiko Bahaya Geologi di Kampung-kampung Tanah Cerun di Taiwan Selatan menggunakan Teknik Pengesanan Jarak Jauh) SHU-RONG YANG* & YI-LUNG YEH ABSTRACT Countering the dangers associated the present extreme climate not only requires continuous improvement of local disaster prevention engineering infrastructure but also needs an enhanced understanding of the causes of the disasters. This study investigates the geologic hazard risk of 53 slopeland villages in Pingtung county of southern Taiwan. First, remote sensing (RS) techniques were utilized to interpret environmental geology and geologic hazard zonation, including dip slope, fault, landslide and debris flow.GIS map overlay analysis was used to further identify the extent of the geologic hazard zonation. As a final step, field investigation is used to comprehend geologic, topographic conditions and the geologic hazard risk specific to each locality. Based on data analysis and field investigation results, this study successfully integratesRS , GIS and GPS techniques to construct a geologic hazard risk assessment method of slopeland village. The results of this study can be used to promote support for future disaster prevention and disaster mitigation efforts. Keywords: Geologic hazard; landslide susceptibility; remote sensing; slopeland village ABSTRAK Pembilang bahaya berkaitan iklim melampau semasa bukan sahaja memerlukan penambahbaikan berterusan infrastruktur kejuruteraan pencegahan bencana tempatan tetapi juga perlu peningkatan kefahaman tentang punca berlakunya bencana ini. Penyelidikan ini mengkaji risiko bahaya geologi di 53 kampung-kampung tanah cerun di daerah Pingtung selatan Taiwan. Pertama, teknik pengesanan jarak jauh (RS) digunakan untuk mentafsir geologi alam sekitar dan pengezonan bahaya geologi, termasuk aliran cerun, gelinciran, tanah runtuh dan aliran puing.
    [Show full text]
  • Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) Not Suck Human Blood in Riparian Habitat of a National Park
    Advances in Entomology, 2017, 5, 93-98 http://www.scirp.org/journal/ae ISSN Online: 2331-2017 ISSN Print: 2331-1991 Does Culicoides spp. (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) Not Suck Human Blood in Riparian Habitat of a National Park Ying-Hsi Lin1, Meng-Tieh Yu1, Tzu-Wen Kuo1, Ka-Iong Lam2, Jeng-Tze Yang2,3* 1Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Taiwan 2Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan 3Department of Entomology, Agriculture and Forestry University, Chitwan, Nepal How to cite this paper: Lin, Y.-H., Yu, Abstract M.-T., Kuo, T.-W., Lam, K.-I. and Yang, J.-T. (2017) Does Culicoides spp. (Diptera: Is the wild animal conservation result in Taiwan good enough to provide the Ceratopogonidae) Not Suck Human Blood blood resources for the blood sucking insect and cause the insect behavior in Riparian Habitat of a National Park. changed? Based on the bimonthly investigation of Culicoides sp. in Wuling Advances in Entomology, 5, 93-98. area, Sheipar National Park, by both human bait method and light trap me- https://doi.org/10.4236/ae.2017.53009 thod, we found that there were totally 13,191 individuals trapped by light trap Received: April 25, 2017 and collected but no one single Culicoides sp. trapped by human bait during Accepted: July 10, 2017 the study period of Wuling Long Term Ecological Research (WLTER) in 2012. Published: July 13, 2017 Two of the three sites were recorded and reported as the midge attacked the Copyright © 2017 by authors and ranger and tourists of Sheipa National Park in 2010 and 2011 respectively.
    [Show full text]