SPECIAL SECTION ON OPATÔW: • From Pinkas HaKehillot translated by Jerry Tepperman 3 • From the Opatôw Yizkor Book QKkfcc by Moshe Greenstein, translated by Mark Froimowitz 1 1 • From Slownik Geograficzny translated by Roman Kowalski 2 0 • 1929 Business Directory 2 1 • Painted Memories: A Jewish Childhood in Poland Before the Holocaust by Mayer Kirshenblatt and Barbara Kirshenblatt-Gimblett 2 4

OZARÔW CEMETERY RESTORATIO N iai interest Qrouf by Dr. Norman L Weinberg 2 8

THE US AND LUBLINER FAMILIES AND THE RIDDLE OF THE SLOMNIK RECORDS journal byShabsaLis 3 0 JRI-POLAND - PINCZÔW ARCHIVES PROJECT by Susan Javinsky 3 8

5^ <^utn&er 4 JRI-POLAND/JHI PROJECT: DZIALOSZYCE VITAL RECORDS 200* by Susan Javinsky 4 0

EXTRACT DATA IN THIS ISSUE 4 1 ^ journal o • KSIAZWIELK I MARRIAGES 1847-186 5 byShabsaLis 4 2

cohering the (Ju&ernias of • CHMIELNI K DEATHS 1876-188 4 by David Price 5 0

and • OPOCZN O BIRTHS 1848-185 1 ojtfte by Debra J.Kay 6 2 as dcfin&d 6* ^ the ooutwCarics INDEX to KIELCE-RADOM SIG JOURNAL I-V by Warren Blatt 7 0 as tftc^ existed 1867-1917' GLOSSARY, PRONUNCIATION GUIDE 7 2

...but first a word from your editor 2 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volum e 5, Number 4 Autumn 2001

... but first a word from our editor

As we complete our fifth year of publication, I am very proud of our journal, which has now published a total of 1,26 8 pages - including 616 pages of vital records extracts, which contain over 30,000 events and the names of nearly 150,00 0 persons. A n index of all articles in these five volumes appears on the last two pages journal of this issue. ISSN No. 1092-800 6 A focus of several articles in the front section of this issue is Published quarterly, the town of Opatow ("Apt", i n Yiddish). W e present some diverse in January, April, July and October, by the articles, translated from Hebrew, Yiddish, and Polish; and an English-language memoir. W e begin with a translation of the KIELCE-RADOM Opatôw entry from Ya d Vashem's Hebrew-language Pinkas Special Interest Group (SIG) HaKehillot, "Encyclopaedia of Jewish Communities". W e again c/o Mark Froimowitz thank Yad Vashem for granting permission to translate and publish 90 Eastbourne Road these excerpts. W e have excerpts from the Apt Yizkor Book, Newton Centre, MA 02459-1206 translated fro m the Yiddish. Othe r items about Opatôw are parts email: [email protected] of the article from the 19th-centur y Slownik Geograficzny [Geographical Dictionary]; a transcription of the 192 9 Polish Annual subscription rates (U.S. funds): Business Directory entries for Opatôw; and excerpts from a U.S.A.: $26.00 forthcoming book of memories of Opatôw and Hza. Canada: $30.00 Other towns that start with "O" are also featured i n this issue: Elsewhere: $37.00 Ozarôw and Opoczno. Th e Jewish cemetery of Ozarôw is being Subscriptions and changes of address restored; and we have birth extracts from Opoczno. should be sent to the above. Also in this issue is an extensive research analysis of two Postmaster: Send changes to the above. families from Stomniki by Shabsa Lis, and reports on new JR1- Application to Mail at Periodicals Postage Rates is Pending at Boston, MA. Poland projects fo r our area. The extracts of Jewish vital records from LDS microfilms i n The KIELCE-RADOM SI G this issue include the marriage records of Ksia.z Wielki, covering is a non-profit, informa l world-wid e 1847-1865, extracted by Shabsa Lis. Thes e records also include body o f individuals interested in Jewish the towns of Slomniki and Miechôw. W e also complete the genealogical researc h from Kielc e and microfilmed record s of Chmielnik, with David Price's extracts of Radom, two gubernias in the Kingdom the death records for 1876-1884 ; and extracts for a "new" town - of Poland a s defined b y the boundaries Opoczno - th e 1848-5 1 births, extracted by Debra J. Kay. as they existed from 1867-1917 . I'm very glad to report progress with JRI's "Polish Stat e Archives" project - Jewis h Records Indexing-Poland's project to ADVISORY GROUP: obtain indexes of non-microfilmed Jewis h vital records of the late Warren Blatt, Editor 19th century. W e now have Archive Coordinators fo r several of Mark Froimowitz, Coordinato r the archives holding the Jewish vital records for towns in Kielce and Radom gubernias. A report by Piriczôw Archives coordinato r VISIT OUR WE B PAGE Susan Javinsky appears on page 38. Th e Sandomierz Archives www.jewishgen.org/krsig also now has a coordinator, and her report will appear i n the next issue. Pleas e participate in this important endeavor. All matters relating to research and ' editorial articles should be directed to: Don't forget to renew your subscription for 2002, using the enclosed subscriptio n form . Becaus e of the huge increase in Warren Blatt, Editor postal rates earlier this year, we have had to raise the subscription 8 Bishops Forest Drive rate for Canada to US$30. Fo r other countries, the rate is for Waltham,MA 02452-880 1 surface mail and we are no longer offering a n airmail rate. e-mail: [email protected] — Warren Blatt ©2001, all material this issue Autumn 2001 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volum e 5, Number 4

Opatôw from Pinkas HaKehillot, Polen, Volume VII (Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 1999) , pages 58-64 By Shmuel Levin and Rachel Grossbaum-Pasternak Translated fro m the Hebrew by Jerry Tepperman

Opatôw was able to return to its former stature as Opatôw a regional center. I n 1795, with the third partition In Yiddish: V2H, NDQ K (Apt, Apta) of Poland, Opatô w fel l unde r the contro l o f th e Opatôw district, Kielce province Austrian Empire, and i n 180 7 it was included i n Total Jewish the Duch y o f Warsaw . The n i n 1815 , i t wa s Year Population Population included in what was known as Congress Poland. 1663 936 - During the 19t h century, the previous patter n o f 1827 2,723 1,377 demographic an d commercia l expansio n 1857 3,471 2,279 continued. Toward s the end of the 19t h century, 1897 6,603 4,138 119 out of 457 homes in the city were built with 1910 8,107 5,193 stone or bricks. Durin g this period, commercia l 1921 8,827 5,462 ties betwee n Congres s Polan d an d Gdans k flourished, an d Opatôw served as an interim por t for barge s o n th e Wisi a Rive r lade n wit h far m Opatow is an ancient Polish town located near the produce, lumber and other goods. A t that point, Wisla Rive r i n a n are a filled wit h forest s an d several ne w factorie s wer e establishe d fo r th e lakes. I n th e 12t h century , i t serve d a s th e manufacture of chicory, starch, and cotton. A t the headquarters of the regional governor, the Kastlin, beginning of the 20th century, two flour mills and and o f th e loca l Catholi c Bishop . I n th e yea r plants, which manufacture d combs , needles an d 1237, Opato w wa s awarde d privileges , whic h pins were also established. Trad e i n Hungaria n secured the rights of i t citizens, an d by the year and French wine and in salt was also an important 1361 it received th e statu s o f a City, along with contributor to Opatôw's economic activity. the associate d broa d right s an d powers . I n th e year 1514 , princ e Rrzyszto f Szydlowieck i During the Polish rebellion of 1863, major battles acquired ownershi p o f the city. H e restored the took place near Opatôw that silenced al l norma l city; surrounded it with a wall; built a villa within activity. Th e Jewis h inhabitant s o f Opatô w it and a structure to house the government offices ; supported th e rebels . Th e leade r o f th e fina l and improved the water supply to the citizens of rebellion, Ludwik Zwizdowski, was executed b y the city. Citizen s of Opatôw were able to boast of hanging i n the market square o f Opatôw. I n the two marke t day s ever y wee k an d tw o annua l First Worl d War , Opatô w wa s occupie d b y th e major fairs . Austrians, wh o controlle d th e cit y unti l 1918 . Later, after the independence of Poland, Opatôw At it s inception , Opatô w wa s a cente r o f became a district capital. commerce i n lumbe r products , a s a result o f it s proximity t o loca l forest s an d it s locatio n a t the crossroads of two main highways. Quantitie s of The Jews until the End of the First World War lumber were transported fro m Opatô w to Gdansk (Danzig) by river and by land. A t the end of the It would seem that the first Jews settled in Opatôw 16th century a new road was paved that connected during the 16t h century, even though i t was only Opatôw with many other cities in the area. Fro m in the third decad e o f the 17t h centur y tha t w e that time on, Opatôw's importance as a center of first find references to the "Street of the Jews" (or trade for the entire area grew significantly. I n the the "Cit y o f the Jews") , that stretche d fro m th e 17th century , ther e wer e approximatel y 20 0 northern par t o f the wal l t o the marke t square . tradesmen i n the city. This "City of the Jews" was in practice a partially autonomous neighborhoo d tha t th e Jew s themselves protected an d preserved . A s Jewis h Unfortunately, the Swedish army that invaded the immigration fro m German y to Poland increased , area i n the middl e o f the 17t h centur y wreake d the Jewis h populatio n o f Opatô w increase d havoc and destruction i n the city. Man y house s proportionately, despit e th e antagonis m o f th e were burne d t o th e groun d an d th e populatio n non-Jewish townspeople who feared that the Jews diminished, an d severa l decade s passe d befor e would dominate business activity and the trades in Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volum e 5, Number 4 Autumn 2001 the city . The y appeale d t o the king to limi t the traveled on business as far as Breslau [Wroclaw ] activities of the Jews, particularly in skills such as in the west; however, their main contacts for trade weaving, raisin g cattle , an d baking . Th e kin g were in Gdansk. Commercia l visitors to Opatôw granted thei r request , prohibitin g Jew s from came mainly from Lublin and Krakôw. Th e Jews participating i n thes e businesses . Th e towns - of Opatô w als o ha d a significan t presenc e people als o complaine d tha t th e Jew s wer e no t amongst the city's craftsmen. Amon g them were fulfilling their responsibility as productive citizens bakers, weavers , glaziers , tailors , shoemakers , of th e city . I n response , th e cit y mad e i t furriers, an d butchers . Certai n individual s particularly difficul t fo r th e Jewis h resident s t o supported themselve s b y leasin g th e right s t o acquire lan d fo r a Jewish cemeter y an d to build collect government and city taxes (head taxes and their ow n privat e homes o n their ow n street . A income taxes). short time later, a compromise was reached where the restrictions on land purchases were removed, The Jewish presence in business and in the trades and i n return, the Jews took upon themselves to was a constan t thor n i n th e side s o f thei r contribute a portio n o f th e city' s annua l non-Jewish competitors. However, the Jews were expenditures. I n 1658 , Kin g Ja n Kazimier z savvy enoug h t o skir t th e roadblock s place d i n renewed th e right s o f th e Jew s t o purchas e their way by their enemies. Notwithstanding this property an d engag e i n busines s activitie s i n constant tension, there were instance s whe n th e Opatôw without restriction. two sides helped eac h othe r an d the non-Jewish residents appreciate d th e cooperatio n tha t th e The Jewis h communit y itsel f di d no t loo k Jewish Communit y wa s i n a positio n t o offer . favorably o n the influx of immigration of German Sometimes fosterin g thi s sor t o f cooperatio n Jews. Accordin g to the community officials, th e involved the need fo r bribery of certain official s newcomers place d " a heav y burde n o n th e and such bribery made up a significant portion of resources o f th e community , instigate d seriou s the annual community budget. interference fro m th e non-Jewis h residents , an d circumvented norma l channel s i n order to settl e The expansio n o f th e Jewis h communit y i n there, thi s afte r th e regiona l committee s (th e Opatôw was terminated by the outbreak of the war Symikim) had already been established along with between Poland and Sweden i n the middle of the the date s an d time s o f th e genera l populace. " 17th century . Th e Stree t o f th e Jew s wa s Consequently, th e leader s o f th e communit y destroyed i n a fire an d th e soldier s loote d appealed to the "Council of Four Lands" to grant whatever wa s left . I n 1656 , the soldier s o f th e them 'Demographi c Control ' ove r th e Jewis h Hetman Stephan Czerniecki liberated Opatôw but affairs o f the city, meaning the right not to accept unfortunately Czernieck i also allowed his troops new Jewis h immigrant s unles s the y ha d first to riot against the Jews and to kill many o f them received the approval of the leaders of the Opatôw indiscriminately. A s the war ended, the king, Jan Jewish community . I n 1687 , th e Counci l Kazimierz, help the Jews out of their predicament. responded positively to the requests of the elders In an official decre e in 1657, he permitted them to of Opatô w an d eve n allowe d th e community t o rebuild thei r house s i n the ol d location s wher e expel Jew s fro m Opatô w tha t ha d move d ther e they ha d bee n burned , an d t o carr y o n busines s without their express consent. Th e Council thus and establis h store s an d butche r shops . Thes e granted the Community of Opatôw the support of rights wer e reaffirme d b y the Polis h king s wh o four main Jewish communities in the general area followed him . - Krakôw , Lvov , Lubli n an d Poznan . Th e Council justified its decision based on the fact that Unfortunately, n o soone r ha d th e Jewis h the Jews had but one street in Opatôw and that it population rebuilt the ruins of the city, when they was impossibl e to widen th e one street that was were struck by new tragedies. A massive fire in available to the Jews. Therefor e they stated: "We 1680 leveled the vast majority of the Street of the must suppor t th e discretionar y power s o f th e Jews, and soon thereafter th e city was hit with a Jewish leadershi p i n Opatôw i n order to protec t major epidemic. I n 1685 , a rumor of blood libe l the viability of the community". spread locally and this endangered the lives of all the Jew s throughou t th e area . I n a smal l tow n In 1656 , the Jews o f Opatôw owne d 4 5 houses . near Opatôw, a day old infan t die d an d a rumor There were 5 0 Jews liste d amon g the tax roll o f was spread that he was killed by some Jews. Th e businessmen o f the city . The y pursue d a wide governor of the district, who was himself one of range of business activities i n metal tools, spices the perpetrators o f this rumor, ordere d th e loca l and condiments , far m produce , cattle , lumber , Jewish innkeepe r of Opatôw imprisoned an d the hides an d other materials. Th e Jews o f Opatô w Jews wer e force d t o pledg e a ranso m o f 2,40 0 Autumn 2001 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volum e 5, Number 4 zloty over three years i n order to free him . Thi s instance, the Jewish guilds were obligated to pay ransom evolved int o an annual permanent tax of membership fees to the Christian guilds, but these an equivalent amount. Christian guilds were under no obligation to help them. Ther e wer e 1 1 me n o n th e Counci l i n In th e 18t h century , particularl y durin g th e charge o f th e Jewis h communit y ( 3 beadles , 2 Austrian annexatio n (1795-1807 ) whe n th e trustees, an d 5 bookkeepers) . Th e lis t o f restriction o n residences outside of the Stree t of disbursements i n the pinkas provide s insight into the Jews were removed, the number of Jews who the relationships between the community and the lived outside the city increased and their areas of local dignitarie s an d governmen t officials . Th e economic activit y encompasse d ne w an d pinkas als o lists outlays for transportation to pay important areas . T o the relativel y insignifican t for visits by the leaders of the community to the bartering the y ha d bee n engage d in , th e Jew s government i n Warsaw i n order to interced e o n added a wide range of significant transaction s in behalf o f th e community . Th e outlay s als o crops, lumber , eggs , cattle , an d al l type s o f includes fees paid to "cantors and singers" (for the agricultural products . Certai n entrepreneuria l most part itinerant cantors who visited the city and Jews buil t u p a monopol y o n th e trad e o f led th e Shabba t o r holida y services) , itineran t agricultural products from the entire area. A few preachers (the community also had it s own loca l of them lease d propert y fo r farm s an d bega n t o speaker), assistance to poor people who had asked manage them b y themselves. A t the en d o f the for help in order to leave the city and emigrate to 19th century , th e Jewis h populatio n playe d a n the land of Israel, money to redeem prisoners, and active role i n the industrialization o f the city. A support for representatives of various causes and local Jewis h ma n establishe d a weaving factor y projects. that only lasted a few years. I n the 1890's, Jewish businessmen buil t tw o othe r factories : on e a Towards th e en d o f th e 16t h century , th e firs t tannery fo r processin g hide s an d th e othe r fo r synagogue wa s buil t i n Opatô w an d th e firs t manufacturing sugar. At the beginning of the 20th cemetery wa s established. A little later , severa l century, another Jewish businessman establishe d charitable organizations were established, "Bikur a plant to dye the homemade garments woven by Holim", "Lina s Tsedek" [organization s offerin g the farmer s i n th e area . Nonetheles s th e mai n care to the sick], "Hakhnosas Kala" [the wedding sources o f incom e t o th e Jewis h populatio n fund], an d "Hakhnosa s Orchim " [welcomin g continued to be small level commercial peddlin g guests]. Durin g th e 19t h centur y an d th e and simple skills and crafts . beginning o f th e 20t h century , th e communit y operated a Talmud Torah [Jewish school], where During th e 16t h an d 17t h centuries , th e most of the Jewish children of the city studied. community o f Opatôw associated itsel f with the "National Council of Greater Poland", part of the The Rabbis who served in Opatôw who are known "Council o f Four Lands". Representative s fro m to u s include : Ra v Mosh e Ma t (Ma t bein g th e Opatôw participated i n gathering of the Council, Hebrew an acronym for "Spreader of Torah", died and certai n individual s fro m Opatô w wer e 1606); Rav Yaakov be n Elyoki m Halperi n (die d appointed to the subcommittee empowered to levy 1645), who was also a Rabbi in Lvov towards the the taxes that were placed upo n eac h individua l end of his life; Rav Eliezer Ashkenazi, also known community. as the "Is h Tzvi" , autho r o f "Damese k Eliezer " (emigrated t o Israe l i n 1651) ; als o Ra v Shmue l From 166 6 until the beginning of the 20th century, ben Eliezer ; Ra v Avigdo r Kr a (died 1678) ; Rav the Jew s o f Opatô w maintaine d a "communit y Yisrael Iser (died 1645) ; Rav Yitzha k be n Zee v register" ("pinkas kehila") where the decrees and Wolf, wh o becaus e o f hi s brillian t min d wa s customs establishe d b y th e variou s communit y called "Ra v Aizik Shpitskopf " (fro m 1668-167 4 leaders were inscribed . T o this day, this pinkas when he moved to Krakôw, died 1682) ; an d Rav provides a valuable sourc e fo r researc h int o the Shaul ben Heschel (died 1707) who was the Rabbi history of the community. A copy of this register of the distric t o f Krakôw (i n 1701 , he too k th e can b e foun d i n th e archive s o f th e centra l position a s Rabbi of Krakôw but he continued t o synagogue i n Warsaw, but the register itself was also hold the title of Rabbi of Opatôw until 170 5 destroyed i n the Secon d Worl d War . Fro m th e when h e move d t o Breslau) ; Ra v Mei r be n various entrie s i n the pinkas, w e ar e abl e lear n Binyamin Wol f Halperin, wh o came t o Opatô w about the autonomy o f a number o f groups vis a from Chelm , an d i n 171 8 represente d th e vis th e communit y council , an d th e connectio n community a t the "Council o f Four Lands" (died between the Jewish guilds of tailors and butchers 1723); durin g hi s tenure , Ra v Tzv i Hirsc h and the Christian guild s of the same crafts. Fo r Ashkenazi, th e "Hakha m Tzvi" , als o live d i n Kielce-Radom SJG Journal Volum e 5, Number 4 Autumn 2001

Opatôw; Ra v Yitzha k Sega l Landau , nativ e o f emigrated t o Israel ; an d Ra v Tzv i Arye h (i n Opatôw, Rabbi of the community from 171 9 (died 1909). 1767); Ra v Aharo n Mosh e Yaako v o f Krakô w (from 1730) , hi s letter s o f appointmen t fro m Another wel l respecte d residen t o f Opatô w wa s Opatôw date fro m 1732 ; Rav Shau l be n Simch a Rav Elieze r Yehoshu a Epshtein , wh o serve d a s HaLevi (fro m 1768) ; Rav Hanina Lipa Miezlis h the hea d o f the Rabbini c cour t fo r a n extende d (from 1772 , died 1816);RavAryehLeibishCharif period unti l h e relocate d t o Rakô w an d t o (in approximately 1790) . Chmielnik.

Rav Yisrae l o f Kozienice , on e o f th e fou r Opatôw wa s als o the nativ e cit y o f the Hebre w founders o f th e Hassidi c movemen t i n Poland , poet Natan Nuta Shapira (1817-1897). During the was bor n i n Opatôw . A t th e en d o f th e 18t h last quarter of the 19t h century there were several century, the Hassidic Master Rav Moshe Leib of other notable residents of Opatôw. Thes e include Sassow becam e a residen t o f Opatô w an d the poe t an d Hebre w write r Y . L . Peret z established ther e on e o f th e mos t prestigiou s ( 1852-1915), and h is father-in-law, the intel lectual Hassidic centers in Poland. Man y Hassidim were and mathematician, Gavriel Yehudah Lichtenfel d drawn t o hi s cour t an d som e o f the m becam e (1811-1887), wh o publishe d article s i n th e residents of Opatôw in order to live closer to him. journals "HaShachar" , "HaTzefira" , an d The Hassidic community grew steadily. "Izraelita", an d authore d a text fo r the stud y o f mathematics. Durin g the beginning o f the 20th The Hassidi m contribute d t o th e increase d century man y Zionis t club s wer e organize d i n demand for all kinds of merchandise and services Opatôw. in the city. Man y Jews made their livelihood b y offering lodgin g and providing food to the hordes The period o f Austrian conquest during the First of Hassidi m tha t visite d th e Maste r durin g th e World Wa r (1915-1918), was a time of political weekdays an d particularl y o n Shabba t an d th e reawakening for the Jews of Opatôw. Partie s that holidays. Th e visitors also purchased a variety of had bee n outlawe d durin g th e rul e o f th e Tsa r merchandise i n the city and use d the services of received permission fro m the new government to the craftsmen i n their respective trades. operate openly. A branch of the Bund, which had previously operate d i n secret , opene d it s ow n Another prominen t residen t o f Opatôw was Rav meeting plac e "tzukunft " (th e future ) an d Aharon HaKohen (autho r o f "Keter She m Tov", conducted a variety o f programs , an d activitie s a book about the Baal Shem Tov printed in 1795). including a drama club. Zionis t activities, which The mos t famou s Hassidi c Maste r wh o live d i n had begun in the years before the war, were at the Opatôw (fo r a shor t time ) wa s Ra v Yaako v center of the new political freedom . Durin g the Yitzhak, "Th e Hol y Je w o f Przysucha". A t the fighting, a Jewish kindergarten opene d but it was beginning o f th e 19t h century , Ra v Avraha m forced t o close because of a lack of expertise. A Yehoshua Heschel ("Th e Apte r Rav"), author of branch of the "Tzeirei Tzionl' (Zionist Youth) was "Ohev Yisrael" , serve d a s bot h thei r Hassidi c established in Opatôw in 1918. It s members were Master an d th e Rabb i o f the city . H e ha d als o involved i n man y activitie s includin g gatherin g been a student o f Rav Aryeh Laibis h just a s the food an d fuel fo r the needy i n the city. "Holy Jew" had been. Afte r he left Opatôw, Rav Meir Rotenberg , autho r o f "O r La'Shamayim" , Opatôw did not escape the wave of anti-Semitism was chose n t o fill the positio n (die d 1827) . H e that raged throughout Poland during the wartime was among a group of popular Hassidic Masters years. Nea r the end of the war, a group of Polish who opposed the views of the "Holy Jew". Afte r soldiers under the command o f a General Halle r him, the city chose Rav Shmuel Eibeshitz, another passed though Opatôw an d rioted an d loote d the Hassidic devote e an d th e autho r o f "Tora t Jewish neighborhood o f the city. Shmuel" (died 1884) . Th e Hassidic Master in the city durin g hi s tenure was the so n o f Rav Meir , Between the Two World Wars Rav Pinhas Rotenberg (died 1837) . Th e dynasty eventually continue d wit h Ra v Mei r th e so n o f During th e 1920' s an d 1930' s Opatô w becam e Rav Pinchas Rotenberg. known fo r the manufactur e o f brushes , an d thi s economic nich e brough t wit h i t recognitio n After Rav Pinchas son of Rav Meir, the Rabbis of throughout Poland . Mos t o f th e factorie s an d Opatôw include d Ra v Yaako v grandso n o f Ra v manufacturing facilities i n the city were owned by Dovid of Lelôw, who was also a Hassidic Master; the Jewis h residents . Accordin g t o a partia l his grandso n Ra v Arye h Leibis h Lipshitz , wh o census take n b y th e Join t [Jewis h Join t Autumn 2001 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volum e 5, Number 4

Distribution Committee] in 1921, there were then school associated with the network "Tarbut" also approximately 22 9 Jewish-owne d factorie s an d opened, an d eac h year , i t opene d a ne w grade . workshops. Mor e than half of those (146) were This ne w Hebre w schoo l als o ha d it s ow n concerned wit h clothing , 3 3 deal t wit h foo d building. production, 1 8 with th e manufactur e o f leathe r and the remainder with other assorted businesses. The Orthodox Jew s wer e a majority amon g th e Most o f them wer e manage d b y the owner s an d Jews o f Opatô w an d controlle d th e communit y their immediat e families . Factories , whic h governing committee s an d it s institutions . B y belonged t o non-Jews , wer e no t permitte d t o 1921, Aguda t Yisrae l ha d alread y establishe d a employ Jewis h worker s an d th e loca l flourmill , branch office i n Opatôw. Ther e were also active which was owned by Jews, employed only a few branches o f mos t o f Europe' s Zionis t Jewish workers. A s i n the past, the main sourc e organizations i n Opatôw . I n the earl y 1920's , a of incom e fo r th e Jew s o f Opatô w wa s smal l branch o f "HeHalutz " wa s established , whos e commercial trade . Jewis h peddler s purchase d members buil t a agricultura l trainin g cente r o n agricultural produc e fro m th e loca l farmer s an d one o f th e loca l farms . I n 1927 , a branc h o f sold manufacture d good s and craft s t o them. A "Hashomer Haleumi " (late r know n a s "Hanoa r few Jews operated a transportation service, which Hatzioni") was founded, an d i n the early 1930's , took peopl e an d baggag e bac k an d fort h t o th e a branc h o f th e Revisionist s wa s als o founded . local train station . Mos t of the Jews of Opatôw These Zionis t partie s an d movement s wer e als o supported themselves onl y with difficulty . Onl y involved i n cultura l programmin g an d initiate d a few o f them, mainly those who leased foreste d courses i n Hebre w an d lecture s o n a myriad o f acreage i n orde r t o manufactur e lumber , wer e topics. Th e number o f members i n thes e club s actually wealthy. was approximatel y 300 . I t i s possibl e to dra w some conclusion s abou t th e relativ e strengt h o f In 1925 , th e organizatio n o f peddler s an d these Zionist parties in Opatôw from the results of craftsmen i n Opatô w establishe d a cooperativ e the elections to the Zionist Congresses. I n 1921 , bank, bu t afte r onl y thre e year s th e peddler s "Mizrachi" received 15 9 votes, "Ul Hamishmar" organization brok e away i n order to establish a n received 11 0 votes, and "Hitachdut" received 9 1 institution o f its own. Thes e two banks, one fo r votes. I n the 192 9 elections, "Mizrachi" received the peddlers and one for the craftsmen, remaine d 272 of all the votes, "Ul Hamishmar" received 99 in existenc e unti l th e beginnin g o f th e Secon d votes, "EtLivnot" received 9 1 votes, and "Poalei World War. Th e city also had a "Charity Fund", Tzion" 1 8 votes. I n the 193 9 elections, the las t which provided smal l interest-free loan s to those ones before the war, "Mizrachi" received 15 9 of who needed them. Severa l other local institutions all the votes, "Ul Hamishmar" received 11 0 votes, that assisted the needy were the traditional groups "Eretz Yisrae l Haovedet " 9 1 votes , an d such a s "Biku r Holim" , "Lina s Tsedek " "Hatzionim Haklalliyim " 3 3 votes . Ther e wa s [organizations carin g fo r th e sick] , "Hakhnosa s also a small branch o f the Bund i n the city an d a Kala" [th e weddin g fund] , an d "Hakhnosa s small numbe r o f Jew s wer e activ e i n th e Orchim" [welcomin g guests] . I n 1930 , a smal l Communist underground . hospital wa s founde d tha t helpe d th e poo r significantly. I t wa s a branc h o f th e chai n o f In the last elections to the Community Council, 5 hospitals called "Ezra" . representatives wer e electe d fro m "Aguda t Yisrael", 3 were Zionists, 2 were representative s During this period between the wars, many of the of th e city' s craftsmen , an d ther e wa s on e children o f the community continue d to study i n representative wh o ra n a s a n independent . Th e the Talmud Torah, which by 192 9 had moved to Jews o f Opatô w wer e als o represente d i n th e a new building. A t the beginning of the 1930's , a official cit y government. I n the first election of an Yeshiva was established that lasted for 5 years. In Opatôw city governin g bod y i n 1919 , Jews took 1923, th e governmen t opene d a n officia l 19 out of the 24 seats on the council. I n 192 7 and elementary schoo l fo r the children o f the Jewish in 1931 , onl y 1 1 Jews wer e electe d t o th e cit y residents o f Opatô w ("Shabasuvka") . Fo r th e Council. most part , this was attende d b y young girls . I n 1933, this new school began administering classes In 1920 , th e Rabb i o f Opatô w wa s Ra v Hai m even o n Shabbat , and i t became a regular publi c Yosef Bach , wh o signe d th e publi c censur e school attende d b y bot h Jewis h an d non-Jewis h against the purchase of the position o f Rabbi fo r children. I n 1925 , under the auspices of Agudat money. I n 1930 , after som e severe controversy , Yisrael, a girl's school associated with the network Rav Shalom Rokeach (son of the Hassidic Master of Beis Yaakov, and a boys heder called Yesodei of Belz , Ra v Yissakha r Do v Rokeach) , wa s HaTorah, opened i n Opatôw. I n 1934 , a Hebrew appointed. H e was to be the last Rabbi of Opatôw 8 Kielce-Radom SJG Journal Volum e 5, Number 4 Autumn 2001 and h e wa s eventuall y kille d i n th e Holocaust . non-Jews o r t o sel l t o them . I n addition , th e The Bel z Hassidi m ha d thei r ow n smal l Jewish communit y wa s obligate d t o pa y larg e synagogue. I n addition ther e wer e smal l monetary contributions to the Germans. Th e first "shtiblach" o f th e Hassidi m o f Gur , Ostrowce , contribution o f 60,00 0 Mark s plu s assorte d Modzitz, and Alexander. jewelry an d valuables was due to be delivered to the Germans within 24 hours of the order. B y the In the 1930's, certain racist elements of the city of beginning o f 1941 , the German ha d manage d t o Opatôw promulgate d anti-Semiti c propaganda , confiscate all of the businesses in the city that had and i n 193 6 severa l riot s an d pogrom s wer e been owned by Jews. instigated against the Jews. O n one of the market days, gang s o f hooligans , amon g the m farmer s At the beginning of 1940 , the Jews were ordered from th e surroundin g areas , descende d o n th e to for m a Judenrat . A Mr . Weisbloo m wa s Jewish shops and stalls, looted their merchandise appointed to the head of the committee. H e was and brutalized the storekeepers and their families. a ma n o f mean s wh o wa s wel l respecte d i n the There were also attempts to break into the homes community. Th e Judenrat was forced t o cater to of the Jewish residents. Thirt y Jews were injured. all th e demand s o f th e Germa n official s an d The polic e arreste d 2 0 o f th e hooligan s an d follow al l their orders. Nonetheless , Weisbloom brought them to trial. 1 3 of them were sentenced and his colleagues on the Judenrat did their best to to short terms i n jail and the rest were allowed to protect the interests of the Jews of Opatôw. Ever y go free . Th e cour t o f appeal s approve d th e so ofte n the y woul d ranso m fo r mone y som e sentences but let six more of the ruffians g o fre e family group that the Germans had imprisoned fo r because of their young age. some reason. Occasionally , they would resort to bribery i n orde r t o lighte n th e burde n o f thei r The Second World Wa r Jewish brethren.

On the eve o f the war , there were 5,20 0 Jewish In th e sprin g o f 1941 , a ghett o wa s forme d i n residents of Opatôw. Som e of them, particularly Opatôw an d th e dail y routine s i n th e tow n the young, fled to the eastern district s of Poland changed entirely . A s mentione d above , eve n that were captured by the Russian army as the war before th e establishmen t o f th e ghett o th e progressed. Immediatel y afte r th e cit y wa s Germans ha d manage d t o confiscat e al l th e captured, the Germans burned the market squar e businesses owned by the Jews and to remove them buildings t o th e groun d alon g with som e o f the from al l thei r positions . A statio n o f the S . D. surrounding homes . Mos t o f thos e home s [Sicherheitsdienst = Nazi Securit y Service ] wa s belonged t o Jews . O n th e followin g day , th e established i n Opatôw and this further terrorize d Germans locked 1,000-1,500 residents of the city, and frightene d th e Jews. Th e ghetto o f Opatô w Jews and non-Jews, in the movie house and placed was situated o n Berko Joselewicz Street 1 an d on them under heavy guard for two days without food several surroundin g alleyways . I t wa s totall y or water . Th e Jew s i n th e movi e hous e wer e forbidden fo r anyone to leave the ghetto without gradually segregated and brutally treated, with the a special permit. A s time went on the population excuse that they had hidden weapons or that they of the ghetto increased. Th e Germans transported had tried to escape. Afte r thes e Jews were free d to th e ghett o refugee s fro m man y town s an d and allowe d t o retur n t o thei r homes , Germa n villages i n th e district . I n addition , Jewis h soldiers capture d anothe r 20 0 youn g Jew s an d refugees fro m Warsa w and Lôdz arrived o n their placed them under guard by the SS in an unknown own initiative because they believed that it would location. Non e of these young people were ever be easie r t o cop e wit h th e condition s o f th e seen again. German occupation in the smaller cities of Poland. As a result of the overcrowded conditions and the At the end o f 1939 , all o f the Jews who live d i n deteriorating sanitation, a typhus epidemic brok e roomier nicer homes were ordered to move to the out i n the ghetto , particularl y amon g the newe r Jewish Quarter, one of the poorest neighborhoods refugees whos e living condition were worse than of the city. Germa n officer wer e billeted i n these the others . Th e Judenra t an d th e independen t empty Jewish homes. community charity organizations were enlisted to

At the beginning of 1940, the Germans announced a lon g lis t o f law s directe d specificall y a t th e Jewish resident s o f Opatôw . Ever y Je w wa s 1 Jewis h Street , also known as Broad Street , was rename d obligated t o wea r a white armban d wit h a blu e 'ulica Bereka Joselewicza' i n Polish an d 'di gas fun Bere k Yoselevitsh' i n Yiddish, i n honor of the Polish Jewish her o Magen Davi d o n it ; forbidde n t o wal k o n th e who fought i n the Polish army with Tadeusz Kosciuszko in sidewalks; an d forbidde n t o purchas e fro m the Polish uprising during the 1790s . Th e street's officia l Polish name, 'ulica Bereka Joselewicza', was seldom used . Autumn 2001 Kieke-Radom SIG Journal Volum e 5, Number 4 battle the epidemic. A n organization called TAZ suffered th e indignity of starvation, beatings, and (the Jewish Health organization o f Poland) ran a violence at the hands of the Ukrainian guards and medical dispensar y an d smal l hospita l tha t German soldiers. Th e vast majority of them died contained 30-4 0 beds . Ther e wa s als o a publi c from starvatio n an d disease . Som e committe d kitchen tha t distribute d lunche s fo r a nomina l suicide. The Judenrat tried to send them packages price t o th e Jewis h intelligentsi a tha t require d of food . Afte r a shor t while , th e "Todt " help, and after a short time, another public kitchen representatives demanded fro m th e Judenrat that was opened to serv e other need y familie s i n the they provid e 50 0 additiona l youn g peopl e an d community. A t first, the two public kitchens tried threatened t o murde r th e entir e ghett o i f thei r to provid e meal s wit h tw o courses , bu t a s tim e demand was not met. Th e new workers, men and went o n the meals dwindle d dow n to a bowl o f women, showed up at the appointed time and were soup an d a dilute d cu p o f coffee . Thes e tw o dispatched to the notorious wor k cam p kno w a s kitchens operate d continuousl y unti l th e Skarzysko-Kamienna. Afte r anothe r shor t time, evacuation and relocation/murder of the ghetto of another 200 people were removed from the ghetto Opatôw in October of 1942. to work in a munitions factory at the Starachowice work camp . Nex t cam e th e tur n o f th e far m The residents of the ghetto did their best to carry trainees. One day the Germans arrived at the farm on wit h th e norma l function s o f the community and remove d a larg e grou p o f yout h alon g wit h including an educational system for the children, their leade r Kalma n Czernikowski . The y wer e apprenticeship programs , socia l service s an d also sen t t o Skarzysko-Kamienna . Befor e the y assistance for the needy. First, the Judenrat drew were sent away, Czernikowski manage d to make on th e expertis e an d initiativ e o f certai n contact wit h a grou p o f pioneer s locate d i n experienced residents in order to establish several Ostrowiec near Opatôw. Czernikowski continued workshops that produced brushes. The purpose of his political activities even at the work camp. A t these workshops was to provide employment fo r the en d o f 1941 , Mordecha i Anilvic h visite d as many residents as possible because only those Skarzysko-Kamienna an d mad e contac t with a regula r wor k assignmen t an d a wor k Czernikowski an d hi s followers . Eve n Yitzha k certificate were entitled to receive a daily ration of Cukerman (Antik ) visite d th e member s o f th e bread. A t th e sam e time , th e member s o f th e underground o f Opatôw. Judenrat committee tried to convince the Germans to allow them t o open a school i n the ghetto fo r In the ghetto, there were a few individual s wh o young children. I n the end, permission was given collaborated wit h th e Germans . A youn g Je w for the school. O n the 16t h of July a school was from German y b y the name of Mandelbaum wa s opened that had 6 grades and provided instructio n in the habit of supplying reams of information t o to 220 children i n Hebrew and i n Yiddish. I n the the Germa n soldier s regardin g wha t wa s takin g ghetto ther e wa s als o a grou p tha t me t i n th e place in the ghetto. For instance, he would infor m "Ohev Yisrael" Beit Midrash (study hall) to study them about food that was smuggled into the ghetto Torah. O n a small farm nea r Opatôw, à group of or about the ritual slaughte r of chickens o r othe r 80-90 youn g peopl e ra n a training progra m fo r animals withou t permission . Som e o f th e young pioneer s fro m th e Zionis t yout h "culprits" wer e arreste d an d subsequentl y movements, "Freiheit" (Dror), "HehalutzHatzair", executed. On e da y Mandelbau m becam e and "HashomerHatazair" under the supervision of intoxicated an d wandere d throug h th e streets o f the owners of the farm. Thei r leader was Kalman the ghetto singing German an d Nazi songs. Th e Czernikowski. Germans caugh t hi m an d sho t him . Anothe r young Jew, Poznerson from Lôdz, appealed to the At firs t th e German s wer e satisfie d wit h ranking German i n charge of the ghetto, General demanding fro m th e Judenra t tha t the y provid e Governor Frank, with a request that he be allowed slave laborers , an d opte d no t t o kidna p peopl e to brin g hi s parent s ove r t o Opatô w fro m th e from th e street s a s they ha d bee n accustome d t o ghetto in Lôdz. I n return he offered t o give to the do i n othe r locations . Eac h da y th e Judenra t Germans the names of Jews i n Opatôw who ha d would enlis t 50-6 0 Jew s t o wor k i n th e home s hidden an d withhel d valuabl e possessions . where th e German s resided . However , i n th e Poznerson als o indicate d i n hi s lette r tha t th e spring o f 1941 , after th e ghetto was established , leaders of the Judenrat of Opatôw had bribed the the Germa n expectation s bega n t o change . local official s an d som e of the security police i n Representatives o f "Todt " entere d th e ghett o a t order to convince them not to conduct searches in specified times and kidnapped hundreds of people the homes of these Jews. Whe n this letter became for their special work camps. Th e first group of known to the members of the S. D., they arrested young peopl e wer e sen t t o wor k camp s i n th e Poznerson and executed him. Lublin district . Th e prisoner s i n thes e camp s 10 Kielce-Radom SJG Journal Volum e 5, Number 4 Autumn 2001

At th e beginnin g o f 1942 , a grou p o f Jewis h By th e summe r o f 1944 , there remaine d abou t refugees fro m Silesi a arrive d i n th e Opatô w 1,500 young people from Opatô w interspersed i n ghetto. Th e population o f the ghetto, which had the various work camps, in Skarzysko-Kamienn a been depleted by the forced conscription of young and Starachowice, Radom, Ostrowiec and in other people to work camps, now increased once again. places. Mos t o f the m worke d i n factorie s At that point, the young people who remained i n manufacturing weapon s an d othe r militar y the ghett o bega n t o organiz e a n undergroun d products fo r th e Germans . Th e camp s wer e resistance movemen t an d eve n obtaine d som e surrounded b y barbe d wir e fence s an d th e guns an d hi d the m i n a secre t place . I n th e Ukrainian guard s wer e typicall y crue l t o th e meantime, th e force d conscriptio n increase d Jewish slav e laborers . Beating s wer e a dail y again, this time at the hands of the S. D. and the occurrence, th e foo d wa s skimp y an d poo r an d Gestapo. Thes e ne w workers wer e als o sen t t o even wate r wa s distribute d i n smal l quantities . Skarzysko-Kamienna an d Starachowice. Durin g Periodically, the y woul d separat e th e wea k an d this period, the number o f escapees to the fores t the sick an d move them to a nearby forest where and to the Aryan districts of the city were on the they would be shot. A s the Red Army approached increase. Th e undergroun d o f Jewis h yout h the district, the Germans killed even the health y accelerated i s operations , mainl y b y acquirin g prisoners who remained i n the work camps. weapons fro m th e Polis h inhabitant s o f th e surrounding areas . The y maintaine d constan t After the war approximately 300 Jews of Opatôw communication wit h th e Polis h undergroun d i n remained alive , mos t o f the m fro m th e wor k Ostrowiec an d throug h the m mad e contac t wit h camps. Certai n individual s returned t o Opatôw. Other sellers of arms. Generally , it was the young However, in the face of the oppressive threatening women who took care of the hiding o f weapons. attitudes of the inhabitants, they lef t quickly . On one winter's day in 1942, members of the S. D. and the Gestapo surrounded the cache of weapons. Bibliography: The youn g wome n protectin g th e cach e wer e subsequently captured, interrogated, tortured, and Yad Vashem Archives, Jerusalem: 03/2343, 2344, 3001, finally murdered . Immediatel y thereafter , th e 3572; 016/1134, 3328, 3329; 038/17, JM/355, 1822, 1827, 1863,1864,1867 ; Ml/E/1295, 1877 ; furious Germans conducted numerous searches in M2/E/236; R-l/567; TR-10/945. the home s o f th e Jews , an d interrogate d th e Y1VO Archives, New York: ADRT 7. residents o f th e ghetto . The y sho t Central Archives for the History of the Jewish People, Jerusalem: HM/1950, 2707,2734,2745, 3540a, 7094, indiscriminately a t an y strang e face s an d 8213,8214. threatened th e live s o f th e member s o f th e Central Zionist Archives, Jerusalem: S5/1707, 1747 ; Judenrat. Everyone understood that they had been S6/2190; Z4/33,2023, 3003-IV, 3569. turned i n by an informer, bu t no one knew who it Apt (Opatow) Sefer Zikaron. (Tel-Aviv , 5721, 1966). J. Borstein, "Di Apter Yidn Oyf n Ran d fu n 1 7 un 1 8 was. Yorhundert" ["Th e Jew s of Apt on the Brink o f the 17th and 18t h Centuries"], Bleterfar Geshikhte [Pages of History], Volume 13 , Warsaw 1960 , pp. Between the 20th and the 22nd of October 1942 , 120-131. the ghett o o f Opatô w wa s wipe d out . Germa n Die Ekanamishe Lage.... [The Economic Situation...] soldiers and Ukrainian policemen surrounded the (Vilna, 1926) , p. 153. ghetto, gathered al l its inhabitants together in the Tz. H . Horowitz, Lekorot HaKehilot BePolinia. (Ne w York, 1968) , 17-90. large sport s fiel d an d conducte d a selection . N. Sokolov , "Pinkas Kehilat Apta" (The Record Book of About 50 0 peopl e who were deeme d capabl e o f the Community o f Apt], Ha'Asif, 5654, pp. 135-144 . working wer e sen t t o th e wor k cam p i n J. Shtein, "Materyaln tzu a Bibliografye fu n Yidishe Peryodik i n Poylen" ["Material s fo r a Bibliography o f Sandomierz, and a small group of under 10 0 Jews, Jewish Periodical Literature i n Poland"], Shtudyes including th e member s o f th e Judenra t an d th e vegn Yidn in Poylen [Studies About Jews in Poland], Jewish policemen , wer e returne d t o th e ghett o (New York, 1974) . under heavy arme d guard . Th e remainder o f the 1. Schipper, Dzieje handlu zydowskiego na ziemiach polskich. (Warszawa , 1939) , pp. 259, 308-309. Jews that were then i n the ghetto, approximately Unzer Veg [Our Way], 14.11.1930. 6,000 souls, were taken to the Jaszica train station HaTzfira, 19.5.1886 . nearby, stuffed int o cattle cars and transported to Heint [Today], 9.9.1930, 4.3.1931, 18.6.1931 , 30.4.1933. 9.7.1933,8.1.1935, 11.5.1938 , 10.5.1939. the Treblinka extermination camp . Lubliner Tagblat (Lublin), 11.1.1935 . Naye Folkstzeitung (Warsaw), 5.8.1927. The Jews that were returned to the ghetto were put Gazeta Zydowska (Krakôw), 6.9.1940, 7.3.1941, to wor k collectin g an d inventoryin g th e 14.7.1941, 16.7.1941. possessions lef t behin d b y th e refugees , an d The work on this translation i s dedicated to honour cleaning up some of the ghetto debris. Onc e they a life well lived, David I. Merkur, who passed away had finishe d thei r work , the y wer e take n t o th e the 16th of Tammuz, 5761, at his home in Toronto, Opatôw Jewish cemetery an d murdered there. Canada. - Jerry Tepperman Autumn 2001 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volum e 5, Number 4 11

From the Opatôw Yizkor Book: Apt (Opatow) Yizkor Bukh Tsum Andenkfun Undzer Geburts-Shtut in Poylen Velkhe iz Mer Nishta [Yizkor Book in Memory of our Home Town in Poland Which No Longer Exists] (Tel-Aviv, 1966 )

Geographical Position by Moshe Greenstei n pages 9-13 Translated fro m th e Yiddish by Mark Froimowitz translator's comments are indicated by [ ]

Apt (Opatô w Kielecki) , on e o f th e oldes t back. I n the year 1878 , we first find the mention Jewish cities i n Poland, that traces it s beginning of Jewish Ostrowiec by the railroad station which back to the 14th century with the arrival in Poland they indeed designated as "Ostrowiec which lie s of the first refugees o f the Inquisition, is found i n close to the city of Apt" (Pinkas [Record Book] of the Kielc e distric t o n th e crossroa d Kielce - the Vaad [assembl y o f rabbi s an d communit y Sandomierz (Tzozmir) - Ostrowietz, 17 kilometers leaders] o f the Four Lands [Grea t Poland, Littl e from th e railroad lin e Warsaw-Lemberg. Poland, Red Rus', and Volhynia]), page 404). The great distance from th e train statio n an d The pride of the city was therefore he r great the difficul t communicatio n condition s wit h th e Jewish pas t an d th e man y generation s tha t i t surrounding are a se t it s fat e an d development . served a s a spiritua l cente r fo r th e Jew s i n th e Therein, one can see the reason why Apt remained vicinity whic h greatly contribute d t o the Jewis h a smal l tow n an d wh y it s populatio n neve r autonomous management of Polish Jews (Vaad of exceeded 1 5 thousan d inhabitants , th e grea t the Fou r Lands) . Th e autonomou s communit y majority o f them Jews. Apt put its seal on the cultural development of its own inhabitants with its communal, spiritual, and That i s why Apt served a s apoviat [district ] social institutions so that, until the tragic death of city an d a natura l Jewis h cente r fo r a serie s o f Polish Jewr y i n th e Secon d Worl d War , Ap t small an d large r Jewis h town s i n th e vicinity . served as a culture center i n the development and Around Apt were found the following towns and battle o f Polis h Jewr y o n th e wa y t o nationa l roads: emancipation an d th e trend s t o genera l socia l The old cit y Tzozmir (Sandomierz) which i s freedom. on th e Vistul a o n th e eas t side , Ozarz w an d Its Origin Cmielôw o n th e west , th e Staszôw-Chmielni k It is difficult to determine exactly the year that highway (through the smaller Jewish settlement s the Jewis h settlemen t bega n it s existenc e and , Iwanska-Bogoria) on the south side which furthe r with it , also the existence o f the cit y i n genera l lead t o Kielc e an d ther e joine d wit h th e roa d (how Apt became known as a Jewish city). O f the which leads from the city through Lagôw-Kielce, various opinions among historians concerning the and, abov e all , th e Ostrowie c trai n statio n tha t original pedigre e o f Polis h Jewr y i n genera l virtually served as a "window" and an outlet point (according t o Prof . M . Balaba n - fro m Wes t for the population of Apt to the wide world of the European refugees from the Inquisition, according mind: Warsaw, Lôdz, Radom and other larger city to Dr . Y . Shippe r - fro m th e "Kozrim " {th e centers in Poland with whom the Jews of Apt had Khazars]). Th e sam e als o fo r th e origi n o f ol d close trade relations. Jewish citie s i n the Middle Ages. Th e historia n Of al l th e mentione d cities , onl y Tzozmi r A. Feldman, i n his work "D i Elste Yedios Veg n surpassed Ap t with it s many year existence a s a Yidn i n Poyleshe Shtet i n 14-16't n Yorhundert " historical renowne d passag e through th e Vistula [The Oldes t Informatio n Concernin g Jew s i n of west Poland to the east (Lemberg, Ukraine) and Polish Citie s i n th e 14t h t o 16t h Centuries] , 12 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volum e 5, Number 4 Autumn 2001 mentions abou t 5 0 Jewish settlement s tha t wer e However, i t i s no t just geographical . Th e established i n severa l period s durin g that er a i n records of the meetings of the "Vaad of the Four Great Poland (district: Posen, Sieradz, and others) Lands" ar e replet e wit h clea r evidenc e tha t and in Little Poland (district: Krakow, Lublin and illuminates the great worth of the city in that era others). Amon g them, Apt is also mentioned. and of the golden chain of renowned rabbis, great commentators [talmudic/biblical], and plain great However, eve n befor e th e existenc e o f th e Jews of the ordinary people. Jewish community in Apt was known on the basis of th e "Pinkas HaKahaF [Recor d Boo k o f th e This an d also this: The Jewish historian s o f Community] tha t th e communit y ha d begu n that time and also the records of the "Vaad of the already i n the year 166 6 and which was guarde d Four Lands " bas e themselve s o n copie s o f th e until th e las t year s o f th e destructio n o f Polis h historical and renowned Pinkas of the community Jewry (see : N . Sokolov , Pinkas Kehilla Apta of Apt (see "Pinkas VaadArbeArtzos" [Pinkas of [Record Book of the Community of Apt]), we find the Vaad of the Four Lands] collected statutes by in the known document "K'sav Gloy": the hand of Y. Halpern). "Two important people from the Jews came to And th e severa l quote d fact s o f th e abov e us and showed their rights in the city of Apt, that mentioned Pinkas should give witness: were give n b y Princ e Boleslav i n the year 126 7 In the year 5404 (1644), the Vaad of the Four (Boleslav th e pious , th e princ e o f Kalish , se e Lands gave religious approval to publish the book Sokolov) to renew and certify th e rights also for "Damasek Eliezer" of Rav Eliezer the son of Rav the future" . Shmuel Tzvi fro m Apt , av bais din [chief judge] What di d th e right s consis t of ? Th e and head of the seminary of the holy communit y mentioned Jew s o f Apt , wh o distinguishe d ofApt(page75). themselves in trade, had the right to travel over all In th e yea r 543 9 (1679) , w e als o fin d th e of Poland under the protection of the government, name o f Leibe l Yitzcha k fro m Ap t amon g th e to trade an d conduc t the business o f buyin g an d signatures o f the "Head s o f the Province " o n a selling. loan tha t the Polish Jew s receive d fro m Georg e It is also known that Avraham Bohemis. who Miltner of Miltenberg to cover a debt of taxes to was nominate d a s tax collecto r fo r al l o f Grea t the Polish governmen t i n the name of the "Vaad Poland (1512-1514 ) ha d trie d i n hi s yout h t o Jeruslaw o f the Vaad of the Four Lands" (pag e secure the sam e right s a s the tw o merchants o f 176). Apt. In th e yea r 544 7 (1687) , w e fin d a specia l However, th e norma l lif e o f the communit y session o f the Vaad of the Four Lands dedicate d first bega n i n the beginning o f the 16t h century. to Ap t an d th e right s o f ne w inhabitant s i n th e The cit y di d no t cal l itsel f without reaso n "De r city. Becaus e o f crowdin g an d a shortag e o f TorHaZahav" [The Golden Line] of Polish Jewry dwellings, it was forbidden for new immigrants to with th e organizin g o f th e "Vaad o f th e Fou r settle in the city (page 206 - according to excerpts Lands" whic h virtuall y serve d fo r th e Jew s o f of the Pinkas o f Apt). Poland "as a government within the government". In th e yea r 545 1 (1691) , th e head s o f th e community o f Opatô w wen t t o Pinczô w an d The Vaad of the Four Lands Krakôw to strive for the goo d o f al l Jew s (pag e The attached map [not shown] concerning the 224). activities o f th e Vaad o f th e Fou r Lands , th e In th e historica l record s o f the Vaad of the Jewish self-management o f Polish Jewry i n these Four Lands , signe d b y th e grea t rabbi s o f eac h years (1650-1774) shows that Apt already figure d generation wh o sa t "i n judgement" o n th e the n then i n a lin e wit h th e grea t center s o f Polis h current questions of Polish Jewry an d reflect th e Jewry i n tha t time , suc h a s Lublin , Krakôw , greatness o f th e Jewis h autonomou s self - Jaroslaw, and others. management i n th e 22 0 yea r perio d o f it s existence, w e find, amon g others , als o th e Autumn 2001 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volum e 5, Number 4 13 signatures o f Ap t rabbi s an d head s o f th e also th e memor y an d work s o f Ra v Avraha m community: Yehoshua Heshel from Apt, the author of "Ohaiv Yisroel" and later the Mezshibozsher Rebbe; Rav In th e yea r 542 8 (1668 ) - Ra v Yitzcha k Meyrle "Apter" the heir of "Chozeh M'Lublin", Charif, khes"vuv [khosem vesofer?/writer of holy Jews from the surrounding area would come to his books?] of the holy community of Apt (page 110). "dwelling" in the Apt cemetery on the anniversary In th e yea r 542 5 (1665 ) - Ra v Mordecha i of hi s death ; th e "Hol y Jew " fro m Pshisch e Meherer [acrony m fo r ou r teacher , th e scholar , (someone who was born an d raised i n Apt), and and our master Rav] Nosson Niteh Kahane fro m others. Apt (page 202). With th e beginnin g o f th e Haskolle h In the year 548 7 (1728), the office r Aharo n movement on the Jewish street, we find i n Apt the Menachem Mendel fro m Ap t (page 230). thinker an d Hebre w poe t Nosso n Net a Shapir a (1808-1897), hi s poem s wer e printe d i n "Th e In th e year 550 2 (1742 ) - Tzv i Hirs h Sega l Harvest Time", the translator into Yiddish of "The from Apt (ibid 243). Letter fro m Horati o to Julius Caesar " an d othe r In the year 5573 (1813) - Meirthe son of Rav works. I n that time also lived in Apt the engineer Binyomin Vol f Halpern , ches,vuv"ko f [chose m and scientis t Gavrie l Yide l Lichtenfel d (1811 - vesofer kodesh?/holy writer of holy books?] of the 1887) who i n his time authore d man y textbook s holy community of Apt. Fro m the year 5481, av and methods in mathematics, the father-in-law o f bais din of Lublin an d the Galil [province] (ibid the renowne d Jewis h write r Y . L . Peretz , wh o 275). himself also lived i n Apt a long time and we find traces o f hi s dee p impression s o f th e cit y an d In the year 5577 (1817) - Rav Yehuda Sega l surroundings i n many of his works. Landau fro m Opatô w (ibi d 287) , th e fathe r o f Rabbi Yechezka l Landau , rabb i o f Pragu e an d The emancipation of the Jewish street and the author of the book "HaNodeh BeYehuda" (see the rise of nationalistic freedom movement s found i n book "Sharei HaMayuh" o f HaRa v Y.L . Apt a deep echo and a natural basi s among th e HaCohen-Mimon, Chapter 17) . Jewish population . Genera l revolutionar y freedom ideals also found their way into the hearts In th e yea r 559 3 (1833 ) - Ra v Yitzcha k of th e yout h o f Apt . Whic h Jewis h party , Landau, av bais din of Apt (ibid 295), the second organization, and institution did not have a branch son of Rav Yehuda Landau. in Apt an d which politica l leade r and activis t i n Other source s o f tha t tim e als o brin g alon g his time did not visit Apt repeatedly, lectur e and with great respect the memory of great rabbis and have a n impressiv e tim e wit h hi s follower s an d scholars of Apt. Concernin g the beginning of the with ordinary Jews of Apt?! Chassidic movemen t i n Polan d (1730 ) an d it s And no t only i n the political socia l domain . founder, M. Edelboym brings quotations from Rav What writer, poet , an d othe r artist s o f the wor d Yisroel Isser , rabbi an d av bais din i n Mezrits h and stag e di d no t visit th e cit y man y time s an d who cam e fro m Apt , th e residenc e o f Ra v always foun d a larg e auditoriu m an d thirst y Avraham Yehoshu a Heshel . Hi s parent s wer e listeners for his topic or creation? wealthy Jew s wh o hel d landholdin g estate s i n lease. A s a young boy, he studied with the "Holy Since Ap t wa s famou s fo r it s vigilan t Jew" - Rav Yakov Yitzchak of Pshische (the holy population an d intelligen t youth an d serve d a s a Jew wa s fro m Apt).. . (se e "Misnaggdim Jewish cultural center for the entire vicinity until [Opponents o f Chassidism ] an d Chassidi m i n the cruel day when all this was destroyed. Mezritsh" M . Edelboym , Bueno s Aire s (1956 ) page 160) . We strive to express i n this book, albeit as a distant echo, something of what our city possessed The scholar of the Chassidic movemen t an d in the time of it s existence an d wha t it s demis e rabbinical works, A. Shteinman, brings out in his contributed t o th e overal l grea t los s o f Polis h work {"Shar Chassidus" - A. Shteinman) amon g Jewry. other great rabbis and commentators on the Torah, 14 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volum e 5, Number 4 Autumn 2001

The Construction of the City of Apt and Her Vicinity by Moshe Greenstei n pages 14-2 6

It i s difficul t t o find a definit e pla n an d survival unti l ou r ow n da y o f th e practice , certainly no t a hig h architectura l pla n i n th e advantageous t o th e cit y o f Apt , whereb y th e construction o f a n ol d Jewis h tow n i n Poland . merchants and artisans of Apt had market days on Nevertheless, it is also difficult to say that the rise designated days of the week for each town. Thi s and developmen t o f Ap t i s a resul t o f rando m also show s that , a t first, th e entir e trad e an d events. Jus t a s i t i s possibl e t o investigat e artisanship concentrated itself in Apt. Later , with precisely the sociological development of the city the developmen t an d branchin g ou t o f th e - one can also, in close connection to this, find the agricultural vicinity, when it became difficult fo r traces o f it s structura l developmen t an d the peasant to creep with hi s horse an d wagon a architectural motifs from the distant past that have greater distance to the city (Apt), the merchants placed their stamp on its construction all the way and artisans of Apt found i t necessary to "trouble until recent times. themselves" an d t o brin g thei r ware s t o th e smaller centers in the surrounding "osades" [small According to what is known from old sources, villages] in order to make it easier for the peasant the Jewish settlement i n Apt came into existence - an d mainl y t o increas e thei r ow n busines s in the 15t h century . Thereby , bega n th e actua l turnover- becaus e ther e wa s th e ris k tha t th e existence of the city in general with the passage of peasant woul d find th e way close r to othe r cit y the large agricultural domain which contained an centers whic h bega n t o develo p a t tha t tim e entire series of smaller and larger villages into the (Sandomierz, Chmielnik, Ostrowiec, and others). possession o f Prince Krzysztof Szydlowieck i o f Krakôw who probably laid the cornerstone for the As stated above, the construction of the town future city of Apt, though it is not excluded that a began as a "crossroads" in the form of the "Jewish few Jewis h familie s wer e alread y settle d i n th e Street" whic h fo r man y year s constitute d th e vicinity man y year s previousl y (se e Sokolo v - entire city. A s in all Jewish towns of that time, "Toldot Hakehilla" [Th e Histor y o f th e the Jewish Street in Apt was also built as a closed Community]). ghetto because of the fear o f being attacked an d robbed by robber bands, thieves, and, i n general, This Prince was indeed the first to understand anti-Semites who got a desire from tim e to time the necessit y o f a centra l cit y trade center , tha t for Jewish goods and often also for Jewish blood. would, o n one hand, concentrate the sale of the Analyzing the rise and building of the old Jewish village production of the region without difficult y towns i n Poland, i t i s difficult t o assert that the and lost time for the peasants, and, on the other, idea of the Jewish ghetto originated from enemies also ensur e the provisio n o f the necessar y foo d and anti-Semites. Th e latter have indeed alway s products, wor k tool s an d clothin g t o th e larg e existed bu t the y onl y serve d a s a reaso n that , village center . An d wh o els e coul d hav e filled because o f them, Jews themselves planne d thei r such a role, if not the ne w Jewish immigrant s to settlements as locked Jewish ghettos. Wit h night Poland wh o arrive d an d settle d i n th e vicinit y fall, th e entrance s wer e close d o n al l side s an d (Lublin-Krakôw) thanks to the generosity o f the their own Jewish watchmen were placed to guard then Polis h kin g Zigmund-Augus t (Y . Trunk : the cit y al l night . Th e "Apter Pinkas" [recor d "ToldotHayehudimB 'Lublin Vesvive" [History of book of Apt], one of the oldest documents i n the the Jews in Lublin and Vicinity]). field of research on the history of Jewish cities in According t o al l probabilities , th e Jewis h Poland in the Middle Ages, dedicates the greatest settlement bega n a t th e crossroad s fro m whic h portion of its first "pages" from the earliest years branched off the roads that led to the larger village to the organization of the "guarding", the upkeep points of that time, those which we already knew of the watchmen , and , i n general, th e issue s o f in our times as adjacent towns around Apt such as security. Ostrowiec, Ûnielôw , Ozarôw , Klimontôw , Iwaniska, an d Lagôw . No t accidenta l i s th e Autumn 2001 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volume 5, Number 4 15

Even until the last years, one could still fin d constituted th e city , bu t i n time , wit h th e in Ap t trace s o f th e so-calle d Jewis h styl e o f expansion of the new city, the name remained "the construction durin g the many generation s o f the Jewish Street"), Jews, as a matter of course, built Middle Ages, though afte r ever y fire and plague the "spiritua l center" , the shut [synagogue ] an d with which the history of Jewish towns was told bais hamedrish [hous e o f study] , whic h reall y and numbered, one began to repair and patch the served for many years as the spiritual center and burned and collapsed Jewish houses on the Jewish impulse o f social livin g i n ever y Jewis h town . Street. An d s o "renewed", the Jewish styl e di d The bath an d mikve [ritua l bath] were below o n not much change the general construction o f the Ivansker Wa y nea r th e wel l tha t wa s ther e an d city and the quarter of the old Jewish settlemen t without which n o bath an d mikve coul d exist... . until th e las t day s o f the groyse khurban [grea t We childre n n o longe r remembe r thi s bat h tha t destruction/Holocaust]. Thi s explain s th e bi g probably burned down in previous fires and left a difference i n th e externa l appearanc e o f th e great hol e (probably o f the mikve) i n whic h w e Jewish Stree t unti l th e "marketplace" , fo r children of Ivansker Way used to play on the way example, or other new sections of the city. to an d fro m cheder [lowes t traditiona l school] , taking a "short cut" from Ivanske r Wa y through The Jewis h Stree t bega n wit h tw o row s o f "Lower Rampart" to Shayele Melamed [religiou s houses, fro m th e later-adde d Klezmorim teacher] o r Melec h "Bendlmacher " [ribbo n [Musicians] alley that led to the river where Jews maker} and even i n the later Mizrachi Cheder by washed their "laundry", one of the first necessities Melech Beser and Baynish Poyker [drummer].... of olde n times due to the lac k o f water i n larg e quantities as is required t o wash clothing, and it When this community bath was destroyed, i t extended unti l the Jewish cemeter y o n the other truly too k a lon g time an d man y year s wen t b y side, where every Je w was accorded "hi s right " until the community could again construct a new after 12 0 years before bringing him to the "world bath in the same place. I n the meantime, the city of truth" [heaven]. was provide d wit h th e importan t institutio n an d Jewish pleasur e b y Chai m Sender' s bat h whic h In th e ver y middl e o f th e stree t (whic h was inherite d afterward s b y hi s so n Yanke l

Broad (Jewish) Street M g an i i

. Th e Marketplace

Map of the City - Draw n from memory by Moshe Greenstein 16 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volum e 5, Number 4 Autumn 2001

"Beder" [th e Bathman]. An d her e i s the proof , by fou r thic k ston e corner-columns , fille d i n with th e renovatio n o f a reconstructed , ne w between with brick "blind" walls until high under modern bat h and mikve on the above mentione d the ceiling , where they first lef t hig h windows , place, Yankel Bede r woul d hav e truly bee n lef t rounded at the top in Gothic style, decorated with without an income, if not that, at that time, there multicolored glas s tha t o n a sunn y day , arrived the first buses instea d o f the "droshkes" illuminated th e entir e shul an d everyone' s [horse-drawn cabs ] tha t circulate d fro m time s countenance with diverse colors. immemorial between Apt and the Ostrowiec train At th e ceiling , th e corne r column s wer e station. Yanke l Bede r wa s trul y gla d t o thro w stylishly rounde d fro m al l fou r side s i n th e himself into the new source of income as a partner direction of the center of the shul and there united with others and lef t the "hokes" an d "barankes", with the cupola o f the belemer [reader' s table] , that ha d serve d fo r year s a s horse-draw n ca b surrounded b y a barrier o f stone , supporte d b y drivers and porters, without an income. four columns , roun d pole s whic h raise d th e As was said, the center of social lif e was the belemer several meter s abov e the genera l ston e shul an d bais hamedrish that were i n the middle floor, t o whic h lea d abou t te n ston e stair s o n of th e street . Th e origi n o f th e Ap t shul date s opposite sides . Her e th e canto r chante d th e from th e 16t h centur y o r eve n earlier . important prayers during holidays an d Sabbath s Nevertheless, i t i s probable tha t the belo w bais and here they brought the sefer torah [scroll of the medrish wa s muc h olde r than the shul, perhap s Pentateuch] t o rea d th e weekly section . I t wa s not in the form that we knew it, since after ever y brought i n fro m on e sid e o f th e belemer an d fire, i t i s certai n tha t i t wa s partiall y returned fro m th e other side in order to allow all "reconstructed". For example, the wooden ceiling of the worshippers to stand up and kiss the torah with the thick beams which for many generations while it was carried by. rested o n old, thick stone walls which, long ago, The wall s an d ceilin g wer e covere d wit h had sunk deep into the ground, much deeper than various ancien t murals . Especiall y renowne d the shul (thereby , th e window s o f th e bais were th e twelv e symbol s o f th e tribe s tha t hamedrish reached to the ground from outside, so decorated the ceiling. Lik e the belemer - so also that th e childre n o f Ap t ofte n use d t o snea k the aron kodesh [cabine t that contains the torah through th e window s whe n th e gabai [shul scrolls] i n th e middl e o f th e eas t wall . Th e manager] wasn't looking... ) passageway t o i t throug h a ro w o f ston e step s It is also self-evident that the shul wasn't built which als o serve d fo r th e Cohanim [hereditar y in the first years o f the Jewish settlemen t i n the priests] to perform th e priestly blessin g and , o n place, but when the settlement was already well- the mornin g o f Yo m Kippu r eve , to administe r to-do and could afford to erect such a monumental lashes to every Jew who voluntarily lai d down (a work as the Apt shul presented itself. An d where puzzlement fo r we smal l children : Ho w does a indeed did the Jews pray and assemble before the Jew lie down voluntarily in order to be lashed and shul was built, if not in the old bais medrishl... even pay s th e lashe r a fe w coin s fo r hi s trouble?...) The steps were fenced in on both sides For thi s ver y reason , th e shul represente d with two large stones which serve d a s places to something great and special in the architecture of put th e tal l yahrtzeit [anniversar y memorial ] shul constructio n i n Poland , s o tha t man y candles on Yom Kippur [Da y on Atonement] eve historians an d researcher s o f antiquities , bot h and which gave the Shabbos goy [ a non-Jew who Jews an d Christians , di d no t sto p visitin g an d was hired to perform dutie s forbidden to Jews on photographing it. the Sabbath, such as turning lights and heat on] a From th e outside , ou r shul di d no t loo k s o full da y o f labo r t o mak e sur e tha t they , Go d beautiful an d imposin g a s i t wa s reall y o n th e forbid, shoul d no t star t a fire i f the y fel l whil e inside and this was also probably i n order not to melting... O n the right side, the stone was moved attract the "evil eye" from outside . a little away from the stairs to allow the placement of the "umood" [cantor's pedestal] with the large In genera l style , our shul fitte d mor e or les s "schevisi" [fro m Hebre w inscriptio n "schevisi the Gothi c school: the larg e building , supporte d hashem lenegdi tomid"] cabine t tha t wa s als o Autumn 2001 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volum e 5, Number 4 17

renowned for its uniqueness. Fo r this reason, the the explicit request of the Jewish population, but right ston e receive d a specia l hono r an d ther e it i s certai n tha t i t guarde d wel l th e Jewis h rested o n i t fo r th e entir e yea r the larg e coppe r settlement from "too close contact" and conflict s menorah [candelabrum ] tha t wa s li t onl y o n with th e Christian , peasan t gathering s tha t Chanukah [Festival of Lights]. assembled every Sunday and holiday in the church and by their opportunity also "to have a drink" in The Jew s o f Ap t wer e rightl y prou d o f the the city . An d whe n wa s i t more opportun e fo r shul tha t wa s renowne d a s on e o f th e oldest , anti-Jewish excesses from enemies if not when the stylistically unique shuls i n Poland. No t without mob goes out fro m thei r "prayer" an d i s a littl e reason di d the historian an d folklore researcher , tipsy?... Dr. Shipper, not forget to view the wonder of the Apt shul every time he visited the city on a social Accordingly, our fathers had sad stories to tell mission. about libel s an d "unrest " o f this type that ofte n occurred i n th e cit y an d vicinit y tha t no t Christian Citizen s in the City infrequently gav e Jews the fear of death and often even claimed victims. One shouldn' t forge t tha t wit h th e furthe r development o f th e cit y tradin g center , variou s Expansion and Growt h Christian artisans from the vicinity also began to gather in the place and the Christian owner of the Meanwhile, the Jewish settlemen t also grew region als o ha d t o worr y abou t their "welfare" , and strengthened itself . Th e Jewish Stree t could first o f al l fo r settlemen t and , afterwards , fo r no longe r accommodat e th e growin g an d ne w spiritual "sustenance" . families tha t settle d i n th e cit y wit h th e broadening of economic possibilities. The n new According t o various historica l sources , the streets an d alley s bega n t o develo p aroun d th e Christian settlement in the vicinity of the city first Jewish Street in all directions. But , since they lay began i n th e 18t h century , s o that , i n th e yea r further fro m the center, they were, from th e first, 1856, there was i n Apt, according to the officia l built narrower and more intimate as if pressed to census which probably took in the entire vicinity their mothe r fo r fea r an d th e evi l eye : Suc h (for from where did so many Christians appear in indeed is the "Narrow Street" on one side, "Lower Apt i n tha t time?... ) 132 8 Christian s an d 251 7 the Rampart" o n the other side, which stretche d Jews (according to the Hebrew Encyclopedia). until Ivanske r Wa y an d afterward s mad e i t Since the Christian settlement took place very possible t o buil d house s alon g th e entir e road , far fro m th e Jewish city , the Prince first erecte d after Upper Street and the "Jordan" were filled u p the large church. Accordin g to one theory, i t is literally to the gate of the Jewish cemetery. the same age as our shul and, as is said by those that have visited, it is not inferior in its beauty and All of these streets connected a t many points stylistic uniqueness to ours..., not to compare the through passageways with "Broad Street " which two. Th e church , whic h stoo d o n a hill , wa s continued to serve and always served as a center surrounded b y a larg e garde n whic h als o of Jewish lif e i n the city. Tha t i s why Ivanske r contained th e residence s o f th e clergyme n an d Way stretched and bound all streets that bordered organist. Th e garde n wa s enclose d b y a tall , on i t unti l th e marketplace , fo r i t naturall y mortared stone wall, which began at the church's continued to serve as an entrance for the arriving main entrance, at the road to Lagow, fence d of f peasants from the villages in the vicinity. Thi s is the highway to Ostrowiec — which was at a much also how the late r "Ogrodova" Stree t gre w (th e lower elevation than the wall ~ and terminated on street which le d to the cultivated garden that was the main highway with a large gate (the Broom), planted much later in the marketplace). which lef t th e Christia n populatio n outsid e th e Worse was the lot of Jewish artisans and fo r wall. Th e large area between the "Jewish Street " other Jewis h occupation s tha t bega n t o develo p and th e church , whic h wa s empt y a t tha t time , over time. Thes e literally did not have a place to served as a marketplace for the peasant carts that live i n the "Jewish city". Neve r mind the grai n came together i n the cit y fo r marke t days . I t i s merchants an d smal l businesses o f other villag e difficult to believe that this was made this way at products who were glad to settle literall y o n the 18 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volume 5, Number 4 Autumn 2001 street b y the entrance fro m th e villages int o the in clos e connectio n wit h th e settin g u p o f city (wit h th e quie t intentio n o f grabbin g th e governmental institution s i n th e cit y which , o f peasant an d hi s wago n o f "possessions " eve n necessity, brough t a whol e grou p o f Christia n before he entered the city and buying everything governmental employee s (poviat [distric t for lower prices than the "going rate" in the city...) government], magistrate , police ) an d academi c professionals (schoo l teachers , doctors , However, th e artisan s tha t als o go t thei r pharmacists, and lawyers). livelihood i n a larg e measur e fro m th e Jewis h population did not have many alternatives. The y However, al l o f thes e alread y buil t thei r squeezed themselves in at the edges of the Jewish residences i n th e ne w sid e street s suc h a s streets, especiall y Lowe r Street , i n par t o f Ostrovtzer, Sandomiezsher , an d Ozsharove r Ivansker Way , throug h Klezmorim Alle y unti l Ways, because the center of the city had already Lagover and Ostrovtzer Ways, so that their houses long been "taken". reached literally until the entrance of the Christian There wer e alway s poo r Christia n worker s church. and non-Jewis h artisan s i n a Jewis h tow n wh o obtained thei r income s fro m Jew s an d wer e The "Marketplace" "dependent" o n th e goo d wil l o f Jews , s o that , That the marketplace i s not mentioned eve n with time, the y eve n learne d t o spea k Yiddish . once in the "'Pinkos" [book of minutes] and in no Apt had many of these, but they lived far from the other source s fro m olde n time s i s becaus e th e city center and even in nearby villages. building of the marketplace began much later and However, the many year Jewish history is full because of understandable reasons: of hatred o f Jew s that doe s not tolerate Jewis h In those years, all business was conducted i n autonomy in a Christian, even democratic country. the marketplac e wit h stall s o r simpl y unde r th e Apt wa s als o lik e othe r citie s wit h th e entir e open sky, especially during market days. Building Jewish populatio n "distributed " fo r electiv e around the marketplace probably began with the purposes s o tha t wit h artificia l cooperatin g erection o f temporar y smal l shop s b y th e villages was created, i f not a complete Christia n inhabitants o f th e "Jewis h Street " o n th e sam e majority, a large minority of Christian inhabitants place that they occupied during market days in a who could not tolerate any absolute Jewish rule. stable manner an d s o obtained a "claim" o n th e This als o declare s wh y th e municipalit y o f Ap t place. A t tha t time , th e cit y di d no t hav e an y never ha d a Jewis h mayor , onl y i n th e bes t Christians and all shops in the marketplace were situation, a vice-mayor (Dr. Rabinowitz). owned by Jews since trade at that time, in general, was in Jewish hands and not only in Apt. The Surrounding Area In th e cours e o f time , whe n th e merchant s Jewish Ap t was a t leas t blesse d wit h a nice became mor e prosperous , the y bega n t o buil d agricultural vicinity, which aside fro m bein g the apartments near the stores and above them, in the source of income for many Jewish families, als o form tha t we already remember the marketplac e served as a so-called "spiritual sustenance" for the with its stores in our time. Jews o f Apt . An d no t onl y fo r th e dreamers , "philosophers" an d "poets " tha t th e tow n had , The Relations with the Christian Inhabitants who sought their inspiration and creativity i n the "bosom o f nature " bu t yo u coul d eve n find a The Christian city population began to insert Chassidic Jew with his children o n a hot summer itself in the city in much later years and this also day i n th e afternoo n hurryin g t o th e "shluze" in side streets with farming, orchard plantations, [dam/sluice] on Ozsharover Way by the bridge or and othe r non-Jewis h source s o f incom e whic h under th e "kanye" [canyon?/wate r hole ] o n had to sell their products to the Jewish inhabitants Tzozmerer Way, in order to rinse himself after the and were , therefore, totall y dependen t o n them . hard toi l i n sweat from a long summer da y and , The few Christian stores and houses in the center truly havin g fun , nake d wit h th e children , and of the city that we remember were first set up in friends on the shore of the lake, or bathing himself the second half of the 19th century and these were and, with grea t pleasure, swimming i n the river , Autumn 2001 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volum e 5, Number 4 19

reaching until the first and second block and even the grea t man-mad e "ponds " fo r fishin g i n th e jumping from the bridge, dipping himself in deep summer and ice mining in the winter. water... Inasmuch as the chopping of ice began in the The River late winter when the thick ic e layer was already Widely know n wa s th e tow n wit h it s rive r weaker and allowed itself to be split into smaller "Opatovke" which surrounded it on all sides. I t is pieces whic h wer e brough t fo r "burying " i n probable that the city was built first in the middle "lamas" [storerooms ] until the summer season of of a circle of a natural curve of the river that was cold sod a and "lodes" [ic e cream], we childre n created in the vicinity so that it is difficult toda y meanwhile use d th e pon d fo r skating , som e o n to determine exactly who inherited the name: The "lizshves" [skates ] an d som e just wit h boot s o r city from the river or, what seems more probable, shoes. An d no t onc e di d i t happe n tha t a the river from the city. "tachshid" [brat ] came home with wet pants afte r tasting the flavor of icy cold water because the ice The rive r bega n a s a smal l strea m fro m split and only with great exertions were we barely several natural springs, way beyond the Christian able to bring him out of the pond. An d if he only cemetery where it meandered slowl y and created received a death-scar e here , h e di d no t entirel y between th e mountains , wide , naturall y gree n escape dry from hi s father's hands... fields and unusually pretty, wild nature plants. I t was indeed here that every Shabbos morning that From th e ponds , th e rive r wen t dow n wit h all of the Jewish city families an d especially the great turbulence to the large wheel of Goldman's youth of all circles and strata, streamed fro m th e mill and caused i t to move. Fo r hours at a time, beginning o f the month o f May (Mayuvka [Ma y children would stan d by the bridge, opposite the outing/picnic]) i n order to spend their day of rest wheel, intoxicated with the noise of the mill fro m in nature. Here , spread out with food an d drink , the waterfall tha t fel l fro m th e whee l i n a wide to gra b a Sabbat h na p unde r th e ope n sk y an d sheet of water into the deep void... other way s o f passin g time. Unti l th e non-Je w Stachore, wh o lease d th e wid e "meadows " a s From here , th e joined rive r woun d it s wa y pasture fo r hi s cows , too k t o persecuting , t o behind the hospital an d flowed between garden s scattering th e Jew s while ridin g o n a horse an d and orchards until the bridge on Ozsherover Way interfered wit h the Jewish rest. and fel l int o th e "shluze", whic h wa s said , presented itsel f a s a broa d "lake " an d serve d From behind the Christian cemetery, the river during th e summe r t o rins e awa y Jewis h swea t flowed an d sprea d widel y belo w the street, pas t and dir t suc h tha t eve n w e children , a s Burovski's house (the long time mayor of the city) schoolchildren o f th e the n ye t new , moder n and, as was said, permitted the Jews to wash their Mizrachi School , use d t o marc h ever y summe r laundry in the river from which one could hear all day unde r th e supervisio n o f Teache r Simcha , day long the noise of the "kinke" [probabl y a flat each child with a piece of soap and a towel under piece of wood] on the wet laundry. his ar m t o th e shluze whic h serve d durin g th e summertime as a local "Riviera" for the youth of From there , the river went under the Polis h Apt. "Shkole" [School] in Yankel Beder's orchard, cut in two Lagover Way, under the bridge, and wound The vicinit y o f th e Tzoomire r bridg e an d its way by Mandelbaum's factories (soap, candles, much furthe r away , fro m th e earl y afternoo n and othe r chemicals ) to Ostrovtze r Way , wher e hours, served a s a romantic cente r for the yout h the larg e iro n bridg e lea d t o th e "Brum" [larg e who strolle d an d spen t tim e her e unti l lat e a t gate] wit h th e old , historical , hig h wall , th e night, an d reached a s fa r a s the "sandumierke" , entrance t o th e cit y fro m th e Ostrowie c trai n the kanye and the Bamberkever woods.... station. [The translato r woul d lik e t o than k Norma n Here, near the bridge, the river united with the Buder, Ale k Silver , an d Halin a Brow n fo r thei r river that came from th e "meadows" and created enormous help with the translation]. 20 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volum e 5, Number 4 Autumn 2001

Opatôw - Articl e from Sbwnik Geograficzny Translated fro m the Polish by Roman Kowalski

The 16-volum e Sbwnik Geograficzny Krôlestwa Polskiego i innych krajôw slowiariskich [Geographical Dictionary of the Kingdom of Poland and other Slavic Lands], edite d b y Fili p Sulimierski , et . al . was published i n Warszawa between 188 0 and 1902 . Thi s Polish-language reference wor k is the best single source for finding general information about places in the Kingdom of Poland. Fo r more information about the Sbwnik Geograficzny, see the article by William F. Hoffman i n Avotaynu XVI:3 (Fall 2000), pages 49- 53, or < http://www.pgsa.org/slownik_eng.htm >. Translated here are small parts of the article on Opatôw, from Volume VII, pages 545-549. Th e bulk of the article (no t translated here ) deal s with th e town's medieva l histor y (churc h an d nobles) , an d economi c statistics.

Opatôw - i n documents Opatow, Opathow or Magna Opatow, powiat (district) town in Radom gubernia , lies on the Opatôwka River or Lukawa at 50°48' latitude N and 39°4' [21°26'] longitude E, at the joining point of several brooks flowing down the Lysogôr mountain range and then forming Opatôwka River, on the hill at 615 meters above sea level, in the valley surrounded by steep slopes, 175 wiorsts [about 115 miles] from Warsaw and 76 wiorsts [50 miles] from Radom. Beate n paths from Opatôw lead to Ostrowiec, the nearest Dqbrowsko-Iwanogrodzka railway station (17 wiorsts [11 miles]), Sandomierz (28 wiorsts [18 miles]) and Stopnica. Opatô w has two churches made of brick - a parish one, former collegiate and the other one is the former Bernadine order church. I t also has a Russian Orthodox church, district hospital by the name of St. John, elementary schoo l (urban type), the court of peace for Opatô w and Ostrowiec (III district), gminy (county) court (I district) belonging to the meeting of justices of peace in Sandomierz (II district), powiat (district) office, tariff bureau (V district), town hall, gminy (county) office, post office, and telegraph office . There are 306 houses made of brick, 5,135 inhabitants and 1,331 môrg [1 môrg= 1. 2 acres] of land belonging to the bourgeoisie. I n 182 7 - 36 0 houses and 2,406 inhabitants; in 186 2 - 36 0 houses (180 of brick) and 3,920 inhabitants (2,601 Jews); in 1867-4,315 inhabitants

Stanislaw August [th e last o f the Polish kings] coming back fro m Kaniô w i n 1787 , arrived her e June 9. "About the quarter of a mile there met His Majesty crowds of peasants, bourgeois and Jews, making cheerful chanting. Ther e His Majesty stayed in the most elegant austeria [an inn, run by Jews]; after dinner he visited the collegiate , listene d to the paris h priest' s sermon , wa s awar e o f singin g te deum laudamus, h e sa w Szydlowieckis' tombs, finally he took a stroll around newly erected houses, finely decorated after the recent fire". Afte r th e influx o f Jews i n about 1634 , Opatôw started to be divided int o two parts, Christian an d Jewish. Th e Christian on e consisted o f the long market alon g which the wooden house s stood . Gree k merchants ha d larg e stock s o f wine , fur s etc . Ther e wer e als o clothe s shop s an d "norymberskie " ["Nuremberg products" = iron utensils] shops. The Jewish town had houses made of brick, but the remaining ones, badly and too densely erected was just a pile of waste....

Photos from the Opatôw Yizkor Book:

The "brum" (gate) by the entrance to the city from the Ostrovtzer Way The monument in the city garden Autumn 2001 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volum e 5, Number 4 2 1

Opatôw - 192 9 Business Directory Entries

Transcribed b y Mark Froimowitz, Translated by Warren Blatt

Transcribed belo w are the entries for Opatô w fro m th e 192 9 Polish business directory Ksiçga Adresowa Polski (Wraz z w.m. Gdanskiem) dla Handlu, Przemysiu Rzemiosl i Rolnictwa [Directory of Poland (including Gdansk) for trade, industry, handicraft and agriculture], (Warszawa, 1929), from pages 251-252. For more information about this directory, see Kielce-Radom SIG Journal IV: 1 (Winter 2000), pages 27-29.

We thank JRI-Poland for making these pages available to us. JRI-Polan d is currently engaged i n a project to transcribe this entire 3,000 page directory, and create a searchable online database. I f you would like to help, please see their web pages at < http://www.jewishgen.org/jri-pl/bizdir/start.htm > .

The director y i s organize d b y province , the n b y town, an d the n b y occupatio n withi n eac h town . Th e occupations ar e liste d alphabeticall y i n Polis h (excep t fo r th e first fe w official s an d medical/lega l professions), wit h French translation following . I have added the English translation o f each occupation . Street names or street addresses follow some names.

Opatôw. Distric t Town , justice court of peace, district cour t of Radom. Populatio n 8,827. Trai n 1 7 km. away at Ostrowiec, on the Skarzysko-Tarnobrzeg line.

Starosta (Staroste) [Count y officer]: Stanislaw Kaucki. Burmistrz i Prez. Rady Miejs. (Maire et Prés du Conseil Municip.) [Mayor and President of the City Council]: Ignacy Borkowski. Szpital £w. Leona. Kierownik {Hôpital St. Leon Directuer) [Hospita l St. Leon, Director]: Dr. Bohdan Gliiiski. Rzemi miej. Dyrektor (Abattoir municipal Directeur): [Municipal Slaughterhouse Director]: Jôzef Ostaszewski. Straz ogniowa ocbotn. Komendant (Corps des pompiers volont): [Volunteer Fire Corps]: Dr. Bohdan Glihski.

Lekarze (médecins) [Doctors] : Gliriska Hel. dr. (wewn) - Gliriska Boh. J. dr., - Rabinowicz Iz. dr. (wewn) - Zielonka Mich. dr. (plucne) - Duchateau Hen. dr. Lekarze dentysci (médecins dentistes) [Dentists]: Rabinowicz-Blumina Marja - Starec Weintraub Chaj . Lekarze weterijnarji (médecins vétérinares) [Veterinarians]: Ostaszewski Joz., Sienkiewicza 27. Adwokaci (avocats) [Lawyers] : Kulak St. (obr. sqd.), Sienkiewicza. Notarjusze (notaries) [Notaries] : Dobrowolski Fr. Komornicy (huissiers) [Bailiffs] : Kozinski L. Wtasciele ziemscy (propriétaires fonciers) [Propert y owners]: Rogoziriskiego Jana Sukc. (52).

Agentury (commissionnaires en marchandises) [Agencies] : Friede M. - Wajsblum J. i M. Akuszerki (sages-femmes) [Midwives] : Blazejewicz J. - Meczyiiska M. - Szwajda S . - Wrôblewska H. Apteczne skiady (drogueries) [Dru g dealers]: Sylberman D. - Siwierski A. Apteki (pharmacies) [Pharmacies] : Swiestowski E. Banki (banques) [Banks] : Bank Ziemiaiiski. oddz. - Bank Ludowy, pi. Wilsona. Bielizna -fabryki (fabr. de lingerie) [Linen fabric]: Gutman G. - Klajman N. - Klajman R . - Szafir Sz., W^ska - Sztayn I. Blacltarze (ferblantiers) [Tinsmiths] : Cukierman M. - Hermolin H., Wilsona - Krôlikowski M., Rynek. Blawaty (tissus) [Fabrics]: Boronsztajn L . - Dombski J., Wilsona - Frydman Ch. - Frydman J. - Goldwasser H. - Maniszewicz D. - Nisenbaum J.J. - Rozenperl R., Szeroka - Szafran A., W^zka - Wajnberg Ch. , Wilsona 21 - Wajnberg N., Wilsona - Wnuk Fr. Browary (brasseries) [Brewery]: Saski St i J., Siennieiiska. Budulec (bois de charpente) [Buildin g Materials]: Ajzenman D. - Szrajbman Sz. , Wilsona 3 - Ungierman, Pinczowski i Szulman, Kiliiiskiego. Cementowe wyroby -fbr. (fabr. de produits en ciment) [Cement goods factory]: Rzepka J. Chemiczne produkty -fabr. (fabr. de produits chimiques) [Chemincal manufacturers]: "Kantorja", Sp . Akc. Chustki (châles et fichus) [Cloths] : Engiel J.B., Wilsona 26 - Lerman J., Wilsona 2. 22 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volum e 5, Number 4 Autum n 200 1

Cukiemie {confiseurs) [Confectioners]: Kulniewowa S., Wilsona 35. Czapki {casquettes) [Capmakers]: Malicki F. - Wajngust L., Ogrodowa - Wajngust J., Waska - Wajngust S. , Wilsona - Watman Z. Drozdze {levures) [Yeast factory]: Mandel Sz. Drukarnie {imprimeries) [Printing] : Micklekiewicz - Slupowski A. i Ska, Wilsona 2. Drzewo {bois) [Wood]: Kenigsberg Sz. - Lebensztajn B. Elektrotechniczne art. {appareillage électrique) [Electro-technical items]: Zajfman B. , pi. Wilsona. Elektrownie {usines d'électricité) [Electri c factory]: Elektrownia Opatowska, wl. Strohmajer . Farby {couleurs) [Dyes]: Orensztajn B., Szeroka - Pejsachowicz N. M. - Wajsman B., Waska 55. Felczerzy {barbiers-chirurgiens) [Barber-surgeons] : Blazejewicz J. - Gôrski J. - Struzer A. - Szucht I. Fotograficzne zaklady {photographes) [Photograph y studio]: Goldman Sz., Wilsona - Jachniewicz H. Fryzjerzy {coiffeurs) [Hairdressers]: Bajnerman J. , Koscielna 1 - Goldsztajn Sz. , Koécielna 5 - Orlik P., Koécielna - Saubel E., Wilsona 1 4 - Szucht A., Wilsona 20. Galanterja {merceries) [Dr y goods]: Bocheiiska W., Wilsona - Bulwa F. - Don K., Wilsona - Rabinowicz Sz. - Roznar A., Wilsona - Szmukler J., Wilsona - Wajman Z., Rynek 30 - Worcman Z. - Wnuk E., Wilsona. Gazety (journaux) [Newspaper] : "Glos Opatowski". Geometrzy {géomètres) [Surveyors]: Badowski P. Gilzy dopapierosôw -fabryki (fabr. de tubes à cigarettes) [Cigarette holder factory]: Rolnicki Maj. Graficzne zaklady {imprimeries) [Graphics]: "Drukarnia Polska", Wilsona 1 0 - "Przyszloéc", Wilsona 2. Hotele {hôtels) [Hotels]: "Hotel Kupiecki", wl. Erlichman G., Pilsudskiego. Introligatomie {relieurs) [Bookbinders]: Goldwasser L. i Tajser M. Jaja {oeufs) [Eggs]: Band M, Iwariska . Kamasznicy {tigesp. chaussures) [Shoe pegs]: Bajc B., Cmentarna - Brendzel Z., Szeroka - Frymerman Sz., Koâcielna. Kapelusze damskie {modes) [Fashion studios]: Kohan R., pi. Wilsona - Wnuk E., Wilsona. Kasy pozyczk-oszczodn {caisses d'empr. et d'épargne) [Saving s Bank]: Spôldz. Towarz. Pozyczk.-Oszczedn. zn. o. Kaszarnie (fabr. de gruaux) [Groats] : Laks E.N., Loselewicza - Orman Sz. Kinematografy (cinémas) [Cinemas]: Stra z Ogniowa. Kiszki zwierzçce (boyaudiers) [Anima l intestines]: Tenenbau m G., Waska. Kolonjalne art. (épeciers) [Groceries]: Berencwaj g Sz . - Sroka - Wajcblum. Konfekcja damska (confectionspour dames) [Ladies ready-made garments]: Cukier J., Rynek. Kooperatywy (coopératives) [Cooperatives] : "Oszczednosc", Sp. z o. o., Szeroka 46 - Spôldzielnia Urzednicza, Sp. z o. o., Wilsona 28 - Stow. Spôz., Sp. z o. o., Wilsona. Kowale (forgerons) [Blacksmiths] : Ferens M. - Kwapiriski J. - Szymczyk J. - Wajsdorf H., Iwariska. Krawcy (tailleurs) [Tailors]: Apelbaum I. , Wilsona - Blumen H., Wilsona - Borensztajn M. , Ogrodowa - Damski J., Koscielna - Feldman J., Wilsona - Feldman L., Niecala - Fryfler J., Wilsona - Garbarz A. - Gielman P., Koscielna - Grojsman P., Iwariska - Grynberg H., Rynek - Gutman L., St. Walowa - Herszkowicz J., Sienkiewicza - Herszkowicz L., Waska - Hymelfarb I. , Wilsona - Kaplariski A., Waska - Kaplariski M., Waska - Kasztan I., Sienkiewicza - Kaufman I. , Koscielna - Langier D., Szeroka - Lustgarten M., Waska - Pizel J., Wilsona - Rosz M., Nowo-Walowa - Sobol J., Wilsona - Szerka J., Szeroka - Sznajder M . - Szrajbman J. , Waska - Szwarcman Sz., Koscielna - Waksman J., Wilsona - Warszawski Z., Wilsona - Zalcman P., Niecala - Zylborsztajn Sz. , Szeroka. Ksiçgarnie (librairies) [Boo k stores]: Frydman M. - Korman Sz. - Sklep Mlodziezy Szkolnej - Zawadzka J. - Glat A., Wilsona. Kuchenne naczynia (articles de cuisine) [Kitchenware]: Kandel I., Waska 22 - Lubliner E., Waska 1 0 - Rotsztajn L . Ogrodowa. Kuâiierze (pelletiers) [Furriers]: Malzinor K. - Rumianek M. - Trojster M., Waska - Waysblum M. Magie (calandres) [Mangles ] Adamska M. Malarze (peintres) [Painters] : Lipman J., Wilsona 1 4 - Woszczycki W. Mqka {farines) [Flour]: Wajnberg I. , Waska - Hofert L. - LernerN. Mechaniczne warsztaty (méchaniciens) [Mechanica l workshops]: Gebalski J., Kiliriskiego - Piôdowski W. Mleczarskie zakl (laiteriers) [Dairies] : Mleczarnia Opatowska, S.A., Sienkiewicz a 38. Mlyny (moulins) [Mills] : Babicki M., Wqworkowska - Goldman A., (mot) - Goldman Ch. (mot) - Goldman Bcia i Rozenberg I. (mot), Mydlo -fabryki (fabr. de savons) [Soa p manufacture]: "Kantorja", wl . Mandelbaum L., Sp. Akc. Nabial (crémiers) [Dairymen] : Gielman H., Koscielna 8 - Wajnberg L . Nierogacizna - handel (marchands de porcs) [Cattl e trade]: Weglewicz M., Iwariska. Obuwie (chaussures) [Shoes] : Grynsztajn D. - Kocznur M., Rynek - Rozenblum B., Wilsona - Rozner G., Wilsona 22 - Stepniewski W., Sienkiewicza. Autumn 200 1 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volum e 5, Number 4 2 3

Piekarnie {boulangers) [Bakers]: Cukier A. - Cukier J. - Ekierman B., Iwariska - Goldblum A., Szeroka - Higier F. i Klichtentrajn G . - Kalechman S., Szeroka - Kuperblum A. - Kwatkowski E. - Leszcz M., Szeroka - Lichtenbaum J., Wilsona - Lipowicz H. - Marmurek H. - Melman M. - Rajzglik Sz. , Wilsona - Recht A., Koscielna - Wajnberg J . - Wajnberg L. - Wajnerman A. - Wajsberg Ch . - Wakswaser J. Pierze (plumes et duvets) [Feathers and Down]: Glazman Sz., St. Walowa. Piànienne materjafy {fournitures de bureaux) [Writing materials]: Frydman M. M. Piwiarnie (brasseries-débit) [Retai l breweries]: Ajzenman S . - Blumenfeld - Kudas Pawlicki L., Sienkiewicza - Rozencwajg J . - Rozenfeld K. , Koscielna - Szrajbman P. - Szterenlicht A., Pilsudskiego - Warcman Ch. , Szeroka - Zajfman L . Powro&iicy (cordiers) [Ropemakers] : Blumensztok B., Wilsona 26. PrôSb i tlumaczehbiura (pétitions et traductions) [Petition and Transation Office]: Lipman J., Wilsona 1 4 - Saubel M., Wilsona 26 - Wajcblum I. , Wilsona 12. Restauracje (restaurants) [Restaurants] : Domagam W. - Galiriski S., Wilsona - Kuniew S., Rynek - Opalka J., Wilsona 28 - Rozenfeld M . - Siasala J. - Tolpygi S.M., Wilsona 1 8 - Zajfman M. , Wilsona. Rolnicze narzedzia (instruments agricoles) [Agricultural implements]: Opatowsko-Sandom. Rolna Sp. Akc, oddz., Sienkiewicza 22 - "Rolnik", Sp. z o. o. Rome towary (art. divers) [Mixed goods]: Kac Ch., Szeroka 8 - Kac J., Szeroka 27 - Klajmic A., Iwariska - Wajnberg M., Pilsudskiego. Rymarze (bourreliers) [Leathe r cutters]: Matuszewski F. - Trojster Sz. , Pilsudskiego - Wajsblum R. , Niecala. Samochodowe -przedsieb (taxi-automobiles) [Moto r Cars]: Lopatka J., Lagowska. Skôry (cuirs) [Leather]: Frymer M., Waska - Kierszenblat A. - Najman Sz. , Szeroka - Rabinowicz F., Waska 29 - Rabinowicz J., Szeroka - Rabinowicz L., Waska 22 - Wajselman J . - Zylberberg L., Koécielna - Zysman M., Szeroka 18. Skôry baranie (peaux de moutins) [Sheep leather]: Wajsblum M . Spirutualja (spiritueux) [Liquor] : Romasski K. - Sroka L. - Zajfman J. , Wilsona - Zylberberg L. - Zyngier J. Spozywcze artykuly (comestibles) [Foo d articles]: Bromberg N., Ogrodowa 3 - Kac J., Szewska - Lilienbaum Sz . - Niewojt St. , Sienkiewicza - Poradowski M., Sandomierska - Wajnberg D. - Wajsblum M. , Szeroka. Stolarze (menuisiers) [Carpenters] : Grynberg Sz., Waska - Korenblit B., Koscielna - Milgram J., Szewska - Milgram M., Walowa - Zylbersztajn A . Szczotkarze (brassiers) [Brus h makers]: Baserman B., Iwariska - Blumfeld M. , St. Walowa - Borensztajn Ar. , Iwariska - Czernikowski B., Sienkiewicza - Feldman J., Szeroka - Goldwasser P., Wilsona - Grosbojm Z. - Grynsztajn Sz. , Szeroka - Gutmacher S. , Szeroka - Klajnman Ch. , Iwariska - Luksemburg I., Zatylna - Perelmuter Cz., Szeroka - Rozenberg J., Iwariska - Szerman H. - Tajtelbaum F. , Iwariska -Tajtelbaum M. , Waska - Tajtelbaum P. , Szeroka - Wajc A., Czeraikowka Szewcy (cordonniers) [Shoemakers] : Ajzenman A. , Szeroka - Chodniewicz W., Koscielna - Frydman A. - Grynsztaj n J., Waska - Hejnochowicz M., Czernikowska - Herszkowicz M. - Hofman 0., Iwarisk a - Klajman I. , Waska - Kocznur M., Wilsona - Mondor Sz., Koscielna - Skrok A., Rynek - Szolsztyk A., Waska - Wajngust F., Waska - Wajnsztok N., Szeroka. Élusarze (serruriers) [Locksmiths] : Kandel Bcia i Szajnfeld A. , Wilsona - Wajsblum Sz. , Joselewicza. Éwiece -fabryki (fabr. de bougies) [Candle Manufacture]: "Kantorja", S.A . Technicy dentystznl (mécaniciex dentistes) [Dental mechanics] Starec J., Zwierzdowskiego. Tytoniowe wyr. (tabacs) [Tobacco goods]: Ciesielski J. - Mandelzys R. - Piatkiewicz P., Rynek 23 - Wajs Ch. - Wajman E. , Wilsona. Ubrania gotowe (vitements confectionnés) [Ready-mad e suits]: Kaplariski J., Rynek 26. Wçdliny (charcutiers) [Por k butchers]: Bochyriski J., Wilsona 1 8 - Koszarski Cz., Wilsona 5 - Rôzalski S., Wilsona 25 - Winiarski W. - Zalewski K., Sienkiewicza 5. Wody gazowe -fabryki (fabr. d'eaux gazeuses) [Seltze r factories]: Zajfrnan A . Wôdki i likiery -fabr. (fabr. d'eaux-de-vie et ligueurs) [Liquor Manufacture]: Wajsblum M. , Iwariska. Zboze (grains) [Grains] : Goldbach A. - Gotlib K. - Hofman H. , Kiliriskiego 1 8 - Langier H., Sienkiewicza 6 - Morelenbaum Ch. , Lagowska 1 6 - Orensztajn J.M . - Zajfman P . Zegarmistrze (horlogers) [Cloc k and watchmakers]: Bulwa F., Wilsona 22 - Margules J., Koscielna 3 - Zylberblech Z., Wilsona 16 . Zlotnicy (bijoutiers) [Goldsmiths] : Lustman Ch., Wilsona - Lustman Z., Wilsona. Zelazo (fers) [Iron]: Czernikowski D., Iwariska 4 - Kandel B-cia i Szajnwald A . - Lubliner Ch., Czernikowska - Rudman T., Wilsona 32 - Szterenlicht I. - Waysblum Sz. 24 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volum e 5, Number 4 Autumn 2001

Painted Memories: A Jewish Childhood in Poland Before the Holocaust

Mayer Kirshenblatt, Barbara Kirshenblatt-Gimblett

Lest future generations know more about how Jews died than how they lived, Mayer Kirshenblatt has made it his mission to remember the world of his childhood in living color. In paintings and words, he captures Jewish life in a small Polish city before the Holocaust as seen through the eyes of an inquisitive boy. Mayer was born in 1916 in Opatôw (Apt in Yiddish), where he completed seven grades of school. He left for Canada in 1934. At the age of 74, he taught himself to paint what he remembered of his childhood and has since exhibited his work in solo exhibitions at the Koffler Gallery, John B. Aird Gallery, and Bloor JCC, as well as in several group shows. His daughter Barbara Kirshenblatt-Gimblett has been interviewing him since 1967. Their forthcoming book is the result of an unusual collaboration of father and daughter over more than thirty years.

At once encyclopedic and uncensored, Painted Memories roams the streets and courtyards of Apt, capturing the details of daily life and the personalities of those who lived and worked there. The book begins with a walk through the town, from the ancient city gate to the town square and along the river. Mayer then takes the reader from the Jewish Street, as the Jewish part of town was known, to the country seat and the market place. The second section of the book focuses on Mayer's family—his mother's family in Apt, his father's family in Ilza (Drildzh in Yidddish), and his own family. The third section of the book is about school, play, youth movements, and early work experiences. The final section deals with his departure from Poland and his reflections on the process of creating this book. The book concludes with "A daughter's afterword. " Painted Memories will be published in 2002. Contact: Barbara Kirshenblatt-Gimblett. Email: bkg@nyu. edu or fax: 212-254-7885.

Apt ma y no t hav e bee n a major momen t o n for it s cathedral , wher e ther e is , to thi s day , a n the Polish map but it was an important town on the eighteenth-century paintin g showin g Jew s Jewish map. Ap t was known as a rabbinic town. murdering tw o Christia n infants . Iwanisk a Although Ap t wa s lik e man y othe r town s i n (Ivansk, i n Yiddish ) wa s a muc h smalle r tow n Poland, each one had it s own personality an d it s than Apt . The y use d t o jok e tha t whe n th e own reputation . Th e nicknam e fo r peopl e fro m Ivankser maydn (youn g wome n o f Ivansk) wer e Apt was Apterflyakes. Flyakes i s from the Polish sent out at night to close the wooden shutters, they word for tripe, which is flaczki. Flyak i n Yiddish did not return until the morning. Th e people fro m refers t o a bad-mouth . Apter s wer e know n a s Ivansk were also called Ivansker meysim (Ivansker gossips, though I doub t that Ap t wa s an y wors e corpses). N o on e know s why . On e o f m y than othe r places. A relative from a small tow n mother's sister s marrie d a ma n fro m Planta , a near Lôdz who marrie d m y mother's first cousi n village outsid e o f Ivansk . H e worke d fo r a told me that when beggars knocked on doors in his sawmill there . H e estimate d ho w muc h lumbe r town, people sai d they wer e probably fro m Apt . could be cut from a stand of trees. Lagô w (Lagev, This was just friendly rivalr y between towns. in Yiddish), a very small town, also depended o n the lumber industry -1 passed through Lagev only There were five approaches to the town: from once, when I departed fo r Canada . Peopl e fro m Sandomierz t o th e east , Iwanisk a t o th e south , Lagev were called Lagever ferd-ganovim, Lageve r Lagôw to the west, Ozarôw to the northeast, an d horse-thieves. I n actuality , the y wer e hors e Ostrowiec to the north. Thre e of those approaches traders. Ozarô w (Ozherev, in Yiddish) was also a crossed th e Opatôwk a River , whic h ra n alon g small town. I passed through there when I went to three sides of the town. Th e river flowed fro m the a cam p fo r trainin g Zionis t leader s i n Rud a west. Opalin, not far from Chelm. Peopl e from Ozhere v Sandomierz (Tsozmir, i n Yiddish ) wa s a n were nicknamed Ozherover kozes, the Ozherove r ancient town on the Vistula River. I t was famous goats. Autumn 2001 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volum e 5, Number 4 25

Bridges alon g Lagover veyg an d Ozherover intersection. H e ha d a parro t an d a baske t o f veyg crosse d th e Opatôwk a River . Th e thir d fortunes. Fo r te n groshn, o r pennies , h e woul d bridge, the onl y toll bridge, ran along Ostrovtser bring a littl e baske t clos e t o th e parro t an d th e veyg, th e roa d tha t lea d fro m Ostrowie c parrot would obediently pick out a fortune for you. (Ostrovste, i n Yiddish) to Apt. Mr . Goldsheke r There wasn't much money around so he performed collected th e toll s a t thi s bridg e a s par t o f hi s near our place, around the marketplace, and i n the government concessio n fo r buildin g roads . courtyards o f Mandlboym , th e riches t ma n i n Ostrovtse wa s a large r city , o n th e Kamienn a town, and Buchinski, who owned a restaurant on River, som e twelv e kilometer s nort h o f Apt . I t the town square. Th e organ grinder was a big hit. had a big steel foundry an d railroad, which made it th e shippin g hu b o f th e region . Th e busies t Mandlboym's beautiful hous e was the biggest entrance to Apt was along this road, across the toll residential buildin g i n Apt . I t wa s nex t t o th e bridge, and through Ostrovtser brama (Ostrowiec county sea t an d face d th e fence d par k a t th e gate). Thi s gate is pretty much all that remains of eastern end of the main square. Mandelboy m als o the ancien t tow n walls . A pictur e o f the Blac k had a home i n Warsaw. A man who advertise d Madonna an d Child , th e Matk a Bosk a himself as the human fl y would climb the corner Czestochowska, appear s a t th e to p o f th e ol d of Mandlboym' s building . Larg e corne r stone s portal. I n abou t 1933 , just befor e I lef t Ap t fo r projected fro m th e masonr y an d provide d th e Canada, the city prohibited buses and trucks fro m human fly with hand and foot holds. Onc e he got entering the city through the ancient gate for fea r to th e top , h e fastene d a pol e t o th e roof , they would damage this treasured edifice. Traffic , somehow, s o that i t projected int o the stree t an d except fo r horse-draw n wagons , was diverte d t o did some acrobatic tricks from that pole. The n he the western entrance to the town and had to enter climbed back down the corner of the building. from Lagover veyg. Street performers , includin g fiddl e players , singers, and cellists, used to play in the courtyards. We live d o n Koscielna gas (Churc h Street) , I sa w the m perfor m i n Mandlboym' s courtyard . which crossed the road leading to the ancient city There were many tenants and this being one of the gate. A n orga n grinde r use d t o perfor m a t th e better buildings i n town the performers expecte d 26 Kielce-Jtadom SIG Journal Volume 5, Number 4 Autumn 2001

to collec t mor e money . Peopl e livin g i n th e than the traditional Jewish cap and long coat. H e apartments overlooking the courtyard opened their only attended the synagogue once a year, for Kol windows an d leane d out . The y watche d th e Nidre. On e day he got sick. H e was bedridden for performers, wrapped a few coins in a bit of cloth, such a lon g time that his bear d gre w back. H e and thre w the m dow n t o the performers . I wa s finally passe d away . Whe n th e rabb i learne d o f always eager to help out by collecting the money his death, he decreed that before the body could be that fell to the ground. Naturall y there was always interred, the beard had to come off. Thi s man had a lot of action there. to appear in front of the Lord looking just the way he did when he was alive - withou t a beard. Th e Mandlboym mad e hi s mone y fro m hi s tw o rabbi ordered the body brought to the synagogu e factories o n th e edg e o f town . Hi s bi g soa p courtyard and the man's face lathered and shaved. factory wa s famou s throughou t Polan d fo r it s So i t was done. The y shave d th e corpse. Thi s Elephant Soap, a big bar of laundry soap, mydlo ze incident took place before my time. I read abou t sbniem, whos e trademar k wa s th e elephant . I t it in the memorial book for my town. was a long bar, about 1. 5 inche s thick, 1 2 inches long, and 4 inches wide. A n image of an elephant, As the town receded from the main square, the and the brand name, were impressed on each of its wooden houses on the back streets became poorer four sections . Th e factory als o made other kinds and poorer . O n th e eas t sid e o f tow n wa s th e of soap, as well as candles. I t employed a total of yordn (Jordan) , a slu m o f attache d ro w houses , about twenty-five people . Th e soa p factor y wa s leaning and dilapidated. Thi s area was called the located o n Lagover veyg, o n th e edg e o f town , Jordan because, before it was paved, it was always along th e Opatôwk a River . I t wa s kitty-corne r wet and muddy, like the River Jordan in the Holy from Rosenberg' s powermill. Land. No t fa r fro m th e yordn wa s the hekdesh. Just t o th e eas t o f th e tow n wa s th e Jewis h Mandlboym's als o owne d a n oi l mill , o r cemetery. Th e western end of the Wide Street was olejarnia, i n Polish , whic h extracte d oi l fro m called th e klezmurim-gesl (Musicians ' Street) . various kind s o f seeds . I t was locate d o n Ulic a Two familie s o f klezmurim live d o n thi s street . Kilinska. Thi s factor y onl y operate d i n the fall , Other musicians lived elsewhere in town. after th e harvest. Mainl y they extracted oi l fro m rapeseed (rzepac, i n Polish) and sunflower seeds . Just five or six hundred yards from th e town After the oil had been extracted, the solid residue square an d you wer e alread y i n the countryside . would com e ou t i n roun d cake s abou t twelve - On th e souther n outskirt s o f th e tow n wa s inches in diameter and two or three inches thick. Yarmye's hotel. I t was on the road to Ivansk. Th e Farmers fe d thos e cake s to their livestock. Thi s property belonged to Yarmye Zayfman. Yarmy e gave their coats , especially th e horses, a healthy is a Yiddish versio n o f Yarmeyahu, th e Hebre w shine. name of the Biblical prophet Jeremiah. Thi s huge building, which surrounde d a courtyard o n thre e The Mandlboym s wer e completel y sides, was a rabbit warren o f tiny rooms o n two assimilated. I don't remember them eve r coming stories. I t was s o dilapidated i t was more lik e a to synagogue . I f the y did , i t woul d hav e bee n shantytown. Hundred s o f peopl e live d there . once a year fo r Kol Nidre. Thi s prayer i s recited Poor peopl e live d ther e permanently . Thi s wa s on the eve of Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement some "hotel" . I t wa s mor e lik e a zoo . Peopl e and holiest day of the year. The y were neither the there kept goats and chickens. I f you had a goat, first no r th e onl y assimilate d Jew s i n town . A you had a little bit of milk, from the chicken a few story i s told i n the Apter memorial book about a eggs. Durin g the day, the goats used to go around rich ma n i n Ap t wh o abandone d mos t o f hi s religion. On e da y the famou s rabbi s i n the cit y foraging. Goat s eat anything. But , to avoid their called al l th e Jewis h barber s togethe r an d mad e animals bein g stole n a t night , peopl e brin g th e them swear a solemn oath not to shave the beards animals into their rooms. Th e boards were dried of any Jews. Thi s being the case , a rich Jewis h out an d twiste d an d the wind an d sno w ble w i n citizen aske d a gentil e barbe r t o shav e of f hi s through th e crack s betwee n th e boards . Ther e beard and side-locks. Th e rabbi often berated this wasn't eve n newspape r o r cardboar d t o sea l th e man, warnin g hi m o f what migh t befal l hi m fo r cracks. Ho w they survive d th e winter i s beyond this transgression. Th e man wen t around clean - me. Perhap s the animals helped keep them warm. shaven i n a top hat and fashionable clothe s rather Autumn 2001 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volum e 5, Number 4 27

How di d I ge t t o g o insid e Yarmyè' s hotel ? the same. Som e slept on the table, some under the When I was abou t fifteen year s old , there was a table. Ho w the father eve r found a n opportunit y census. Tha t would have been 193 1 and I was in to make children is beyond me, though at the time my last year of school. Mr . Koziarski, the public the thought never dawned o n me. W e spent two school teacher wh o taught me Polish poetr y an d days there.

Yarmie's Hotel (Slum), 1934 Acryli c on canvas, 24" x 36". Toronto , 1990s literature, was on e o f severa l peopl e i n the town The non-Jew s di d no t hav e thei r ow n who wen t aroun d t o collec t censu s information . neighborhood. The y wer e scattere d throug h th e Because I was such an avid reader and my Polish town. Th e bette r of f one s rente d bric k houses . was flawless, h e picked me to accompany hi m to Non-Jews also lived o n the outskirts of the town, translate fro m Yiddis h t o Polish. Imagine , Jew s where they had more land. Wher e Ozherover veyg had been living in the town for hundreds of years intersected wit h th e Opatôwk a River, yo u coul d and stil l ther e wer e peopl e who coul d no t spea k see old-fashione d houses , wit h thatche d roofs . Polish. Som e o f them ha d a limited vocabulary , Polish peopl e live d ther e i n on e o r tw o rooms . maybe a hundred words, just enough to deal with Being o n th e edg e o f town , thes e house s ha d a the Polish farmer when he came to buy something. little land around them, a garden, a few chickens, The majority o f the town citizens were Jewish and and mayb e a goat . The y ha d a n outhous e I n they coul d liv e out their lif e i n the Jewish milie u summer, th e garden s wer e ful l o f flower s an d without needing to learn Polish. Som e never lef t vegetables. Th e farmer , wh o live d i n th e town. countryside o r i n a nearby village, was better of f We started out at eight o'clock i n the morning. than man y o f th e Pole s i n town becaus e h e als o A lo t o f peopl e wer e stil l asleep . Th e had his own well and a couple of cows. No t only overcrowding i s unimaginable. The y live d eigh t could h e fee d himself , bu t also he could sel l the to ten people in a room. Ther e was a tiny cast iron milk, a s wel l a s the butte r an d chees e h e mad e stove wit h tw o burner s fo r cookin g an d a fe w from th e milk . Nonetheless , thing s wer e ver y beds. Th e mother slep t with two childre n a t the difficult. foot of her bed and two along side her. Th e father 28 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volume 5, Number 4 Autumn 2001

Restoring the Cemetery of Ozarôw - Par t I

by Dr. Norman L. Weinberg, Executive Coordinator OCRP

It has long been a dream of many Ozarowers How d o yo u g o abou t restorin g suc h a and thei r descendant s t o restor e th e ruine d cemetery? Throug h the dedication and hard work cemetery of Ozarôw. Th e Ozarôw cemetery dates of Ozarowers and non-Ozarowers, both Jews and back almos t 40 0 years . I t i s on e o f th e fe w Christians, from many countries including Poland, remaining Jewish cemeteries i n Poland, with it s coming togethe r wit h thi s commo n purpose . approximately thre e hundre d matzevos Largely throug h th e effort s o f Rabb i Tanchu m [tombstones], standing in solemn testimony to the Becker, the current Ozarower Rebbe, and others in thriving Jewish communit y tha t onc e was. Th e Israel, th e US A an d Canada , w e ha d alread y remarkable beauty of its detailed carvings attracts raised som e fund s ove r severa l years. Bu t thi s many visitor s eac h yea r t o Ozarôw . [Se e was not nearly enough to pay for cleaning up the tombstone transcript s an d photo s i n the Kielce- cemetery fro m year s o f neglec t an d garbage , Radom SIG Journal, 11: 4 (Autumn 1998) , pages rebuilding th e cemeter y wall s an d th e ohel, 22-26]. Th e cemeter y wall wa s almos t totall y righting fallen stone s on secure bases, erecting a destroyed durin g World War II and many of the commemorative stone and multilingual descriptive stones wer e take n fo r fortification s b y th e plaque, and providing for future upkeep. Germans to a place about 1 5 km away. In May , we forme d th e Ozarô w Cemeter y Why would anyon e want to restore such a Restoration Project (OCRP). A close friend an d cemetery in a small remote town in which Jews no colleague, Dr. Marek Lipsztajn , a scientist wit h longer live ? Afte r all , ther e ar e relativel y fe w absolutely n o previou s experienc e i n cemeter y Ozarowers still living, and for their descendants, restoration, ha s bee n on e o f th e ke y person s only storie s remain o f the terrible poverty, anti- guiding thi s project . Dr . Lipsztaj n i s fluen t i n semitism an d th e Holocaust . Fo r man y o f u s Polish an d ha s man y contact s i n Warsaw , Ozarowers an d their descendants , the answe r i s including the Jewish Historical Institute (JHI) and that Ozarôw is our ancestral home. Ou r relatives our valuabl e resourc e an d adviso r there , Dr . are buried there, and to some unknown extent, we Eleanora Bergman . Dr . Lipsztaj n wa s bor n i n feel w e ar e what w e ar e because o f them . Fo r Poland afte r WWI I an d live d an d studie d i n others of us, we have the duties, repeated often i n Warsaw. H e an d hi s wife , Bozenna , an d thei r the Torah, to remember and to teach our children. three daughter s emigrate d fro m Polan d i n 198 2 and now live in Toronto. Bozenn a designed an d There i s a reaso n th e cemeter y wa s no t built th e Ozarô w cemeter y websit e totally destroyed after the War. An elderly Pole in . Ozarôw recently related the following story to our Polish Ozarô w Cemeter y Restoratio n Projec t A frien d o f Dr . Lipsztajn's , Mr . Stefa n Coordinator, Mr. Stefan Andrzej Omasta. Moishe Andrzej Omast a o f Warsaw , a n accomplishe d (Epstein?), returning to Ozarôw fro m th e Sovie t silversmith, also without any prior experience i n Union righ t afte r th e Wa r i n 1945 , foun d n o cemetery restoration, became our key contact i n relatives, no Jews, and the ruined cemetery with a Poland. Mr . Omast a ha s bee n inexhaustibl e i n mass grave of Ozarowers and others murdered by pursuing architects , builders , governmen t the German s durin g the occupation . Befor e a n agencies, negotiatin g price s an d fees , meetin g assembly of curious townsfolk (they had not seen with the loca l Jewis h community , the JHI, loca l a Je w sinc e October 1942 ) and the loca l priest , and foreig n rabbis , a s well a s Ozarôw' s mayo r Moishe uttere d a curs e tha t i f anyon e dare d t o Mr. Marci n Majcher , th e loca l pries t Fathe r further defil e the cemetery , h e would suffe r th e Stanislaw Szczerek, and other town officials. Ou r same fate as the Germans. belief has been verified tha t i t was necessar y t o involve the mayor, priest and other town official s Autumn 2001 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volum e 5, Number 4 29

from th e earliest point on. Thi s has been vital to in tur n send s th e fund s t o th e JH I i n Warsa w the succes s o f th e OCRP . The y ar e al l firml y which the n pay s th e invoice s o f th e committed t o seein g th e projec t throug h t o contractors/artisans selecte d fo r th e projec t completion o f Phase I by early October 2001, in execution phase. A n agreement signe d betwee n time for th e OCRP-sponsored eigh t da y Tour of the OCRP an d the JHI i n early Jul y of this year Historic Jewis h Site s i n Polan d an d Ozarô w stipulates tha t th e latte r i s th e lega l entit y i n Cemetery Dedication Ceremony. I will report on Poland, representing the OCRP in all negotiations the tour and dedication i n Part II. and activitie s relate d t o th e Ozarô w cemeter y restoration project. Thu s the OCRP in its dealings The OCRP team of Coordinators would not in Poland has both the credibility and the support be complet e withou t mentionin g Mr . Mar k of the US Government an d the Jewish Historica l Milgrom, a n America n businessman , wh o ha s Institute behin d it , both ready to help should we been o f considerabl e assistanc e wit h th e run int o an y political , logistical , lega l o r othe r promotional, legal and procedural aspects, as well problems. I n addition , th e OCR P act s i n clos e as a generous donor to the OCRP. cooperation wit h th e Jewis h Communit y i n Poland, i n particula r wit h th e Chie f Rabb i o f To get the message out that the OCRP was Warsaw and Lodz, Michael Schudrich . actively underway , w e gathere d togethe r man y names o f Ozarower s an d thei r descendants , So how do you restore a cemetery in Poland? formed a n e-mai l listin g an d sen t newsletters , Put togethe r a dedicate d team , mak e al l th e detailing progres s an d describin g th e tour . I n appropriate connections with the town, the Jewish addition, because many Ozarowers emigrate d t o community i n Poland , th e JH I an d th e U S Toronto and Hamilton, Canada in the early 1900s, Commission, ge t a mailin g lis t togethe r (th e Zelda Young of Shalo m Jewis h Radio, Toronto, JewishGen Famil y Finder i s a start!) an d star t a carried a n intervie w wit h m e i n Jul y abou t th e promotional campaig n t o rais e th e necessar y project. Sinc e May 2001, generous donors have funds. added t o th e OCR P Fun d s o that th e projec t i s now sufficiently funde d fo r Phase I. I would be pleased to offer advic e to others interested i n restoring what is left of our heritage We arrange d tha t a t leas t a portion o f th e in Poland . Sen d m e a n e-mail : project funds go through The US Commission fo r . the Preservation o f America's Heritag e Abroad . This is a US Government agency, with tax exempt Norman L. Weinberg, Executive Coordinator status, whic h provide s excellen t advic e an d OCRP, 5 Chasewood Lane, East Amherst, NY assistance on such projects. Th e US Commission 14051

Roots in Ozarôw? From October 14-21 , 2001, a special tour of Jewish sites in Poland will take place, highlighted by a dedication o n October 1 5 of the newly restored Ozarôw Jewish Cemetery. I t is a culmination o f a chain of events that probably started with Dr. Norman Weinberg's article in the K-R SIG Journal thre e years ago, but very much has happened this year, and will undoubtedly be reported i n the next issue.

This brief note is to advise that if your family ha s roots in Ozarôw, and you have a family tree, please contact me by e-mail a t , or phone (905) 709-9808 during the day EST. I have a large family tree spanning nine generations and have made some remarkable discoveries during the past three years. On e suggestion arising fro m the organization o f this trip was to try to establish familial link s amongst Ozarôw descendants. Thi s may be a large undertaking, but it is worth a try and we will report on its progress at a later date. - Hartley Garshowitz 30 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volume 5, Number 4 Autumn 2001

The Lis and Lubliner Families and the Riddle of the Slomnik Records by Shabsa Lis

1. Slomni k and the Lis and Lubliner Families name "Lubliner" derived from the fact that Shraga Faivel was a follower of the Rebbe from Lublin 2 Ever since I was a child, I was intereste d i n and hence was a "Lubliner" i n a way similar to a the histor y o f m y family . I would liste n t o m y follower o f the Rebbe s from Gu r o r Lubavitc h father a s we walked back and forth fro m shul on being calle d a "Gerer " o r a "Lubavitcher" . Shabbos and he discussed the lost world of Polish Numerous members of the family had married into Jewry i n which he grew up and the great Jewish prominent Chassidic and rabbinical families . culture that was no more. M y father would tell of his hometown o f Slomnik 1 (Stomnik i i n Polish ) In 1979 , the last time I saw my grandfather, I and it s Jewis h community , o f it s scholar s an d asked him i f he knew where the Lis family live d workmen, it s cheders and schools, its chesed and before the y live d i n Slomnik . H e tol d m e tha t humor, its life and destruction. they had come from a town which sounded to me like "Koints" or "Koinsk". Later , I assumed that In particular , m y fathe r seeme d t o hav e a n this tow n wa s Konski e (i n th e forme r Rado m encyclopedic knowledge about his many relatives. Gubernia) which sources I had read3 had indicated He remembered the names of grandparents, some had been called "Konsk" in Yiddish. I also asked great-grandparents an d eve n a great-grea t my grandfather for the names of the siblings of his grandmother. H e knew details of appearance and grandfather Yisroe l Hirsh Lubliner4. H e told me personality, professio n an d learning . Fro m m y that the seven siblings were Shmuel (Shmelke) 5, father I knew that his parents Yichiel Michel Lis Chana Li s (m y great-great-grea t grandmother) , and Alt e Raizel Lubline r were first cousins an d Frima, Rivka , Avroho m Yehuda , Yisroe l Hirs h that Yichiel Michel was actually descended fro m (my great-great-grandfathe r twice ) an d Shrag a the Lubliner's twice , making m y fathe r a three- Faivel. time Lubliner descendant. About this time, I had read the Yizkorbook for When I was eight years old, my family an d I Slomnik, "D i Geshicht e fu n Yid n i n Slomnik " visited wit h my grandfather, Yichie l Michel Lis, (translation: The History of the Jews in Slomnik), at his home inNetanya, Israel. I remember asking published i n 573 4 (1973-1974 ) b y th e Israel i my grandfathe r t o teac h m e th e name s o f hi s Slomnik landsmanshaf t (thi s Yizkorbook is , fo r paternal ancestors. H e told me that his father was some reason , no t liste d i n an y o f th e standar d named Shabs a fo r who m I wa s named , tha t databases for Yizkorbooks). Th e first page of this Shabsa's fathe r wa s Elozo r Shraga , an d tha t short pamphle t state s tha t a fe w Jew s live d i n Elozor Shraga's father was Yisroel Lis. town alread y a t the time o f the las t partitio n o f Poland i n 179 5 and relates the names of th e first As I grew , I continue d t o remai n intereste d Jewish families i n the town - with the families Lis and as k question s abou t m y famil y history . I n and Lubline r bein g th e first name s mentioned . 1978,1 asked my grandfather's first cousin Yichiel That same first page states that "among the family Michel (Michael) Lubliner about the history of the Lubliner, outstanding with his fine activities [o n family. H e told me that the namesake of both my behalf of the community] was Reb Yisroel [Hirsh grandfather Yichiel Michel and himself was their Lubliner]", my two times great-great grandfather . mutual great-grandfather Yichiel Michel Lubliner, Relatives were listed as members of the "dozores" who wa s th e so n o f Shrag a Faive l Lubliner . (the officia l committe e i n charg e o f Jewis h Shraga Faive l wa s wealth y an d charitabl e an d religious institutions) and the Chevra Kadisha. All would distribut e charit y ever y wee k o n erev this wa s i n accor d wit h wha t Michae l Lubline r shabbos. I estimated that Shraga Faivel was born and my father had told me. O n almost every page around 1775 , well befor e an y othe r ancesto r I of th e pamphle t ther e seeme d t o b e anothe r knew of at the time. Michael also told me that the relative or ancestor. Autumn 2001 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volum e 5, Number 4 31

2. Researc h in Poland 3. Th e Missing Slomnik Records

In 1989 , my father, brother and I travelled to Over the ensuing years, I traced much of my Poland fo r my father's first visit since 1946 . W e father's famil y bac k t o th e early - an d mid - based ourselves in Krakôw and visited the towns eighteenth centur y an d perhap s eve n earlie r where famil y ora l histor y sai d th e famil y ha d through the use of the FHL microfilms. Bu t there originated fro m includin g Slomnik , Neishtot (i n was no listin g i n the FHL catalogu e fo r Jewis h Polish, Nowy Korczyn), and Staszôw. W e visited records from Slomnik . I had ordered the few non- Auschwitz and also Belzec Extermination Camp, Jewish records for Slomnik, but found no obvious where most of the Jewish community of Slomnik, family members. Becaus e I knew that the Jews of including my grandmother, were murdered. An d Slomnik were buried successively i n Wodzisiaw, we visited Plaszo w Concentration Camp , which Ksi^z Wielki and Miechôw, I considered ordering later became famous as the site of Schindler's List, the FHL records for these towns, thinking that the where my father ha d survived fo r 1 8 months and civil records for burials might logically have been where his sister was shot and his brother died of kept i n th e sam e town s a s th e record s o f th e typhus. chevra kadisha fo r these towns. Bu t there were also n o FH L microfilm s o f Jewis h record s fo r In th e Slomni k tow n hall , w e foun d vita l either Ksia. z Wielk i o r Miechôw , an d I di d no t record books from the 1890' s through the Second pursue looking in the non-Jewish records for these World War . Thes e book s containe d th e 191 6 towns becaus e I ha d alread y foun d n o succes s record o f th e marriag e o f m y grandparents , th e with the non-Jewish record s fo r Slomnik . I did 1935 recor d o f th e deat h o f m y great-grea t order som e microfilm s fro m Wodzisiaw , bu t grandmother Tzivi a Lis a t ag e 85, and the 190 3 reviewing them briefly , I found n o obvious link . record o f th e deat h o f m y great-great-grea t Thus, whil e m y initia l informatio n o n Slomni k grandmother Chan a Li s a t ag e 78 . Thi s recor d and th e Li s an d Lubline r familie s wa s mor e stated that Chana's parents were Michal and Gita extensive than on any other branch of my father' s (Mandel o r Mandelboim 6) Lubliner . Thus , family, I ha d essentiall y becom e stuc k a s t o Michael Lubliner's statement about the identity of further research on Slomnik. I was not able to go his great-grandfathe r Yichie l Miche l wa s any further bac k than th e ora l histor y tha t I had confirmed. collected an d th e post-189 5 record s tha t 1 had found i n the Slomnik town hall. We also visited th e cemeterie s i n the towns listed i n th e Slomni k Yizkorboo k a s bein g th e 4. Lat e Nineteenth Century Records Found sites of the cemeteries where the Jews of Slomnik were buried. Accordin g to the Yizkorbook, firs t Then i n 1997 , i n a "fishin g expedition" , I they were buried i n Wodzislaw, later i n Kshoinz decided to write to the Polish National Archive s (in Polish, Ksi^z Wielki), still later i n Miechôw, for an y informatio n tha t they migh t have o n th e and onl y i n the 1890's , a t the time o f a cholera families Lis , Lubliner , Finkelstei n an d epidemic, i n Slomni k itself . W e als o visite d Mandelboim fro m th e town of Slomniki. T o my Koriskie, looking fo r the Lis family. Befor e th e amazement, the Archives sen t me a letter listin g war, Koriski e ha d bee n predominantl y Jewish . over 50 documents that they had found. I had hit Now th e cemeter y wa s terribl y overgrow n an d the proverbia l "motherload" . Interestingly , th e almost impassable. W e saw only a few chips of Archives lette r di d no t lis t thes e famil y name s stones. Not far from the cemetery we were shown only fo r th e tow n o f Slomnik , bu t als o fo r th e a barn made out of gravestones where the Hebrew towns of Proszowice, Miechôw and Ksiqz Wielki. inscriptions wer e stil l visible . W e visite d th e Apparently the vital records for these towns were town hall, but they had no old records and so we all recorded in the same place, and presumably not found n o trace o f the Lis family. I did no t then in Slomnik . Thi s mad e perfec t sens e t o m e i n know that many of the 19t h century vital records light o f th e progressiv e histor y o f variou s were microfilmed b y the Family History Library cemeteries use d fo r burial s o f Slomni k Jew s (FHL) an d wer e easil y accessibl e i n the Unite d described in the Slomnik Yizkorbook. For the first States. time, th e riddl e o f wh y ther e seeme d t o b e n o nineteenth centur y record s fo r Slomni k wa s beginning to be solved. 32 Kielce-RadomSIGJournal Volumes,Number4 Autumn 2001

I quickly ordere d the list of documents fro m law, m y great-grea t grandparent s Yisroe l Hirs h the Polis h Archives . Amon g others , thes e Lubliner (age 18) and Ester Goldfeder (age 16) of documents included the 189 3 birth record of my Staszôw. Thi s was the same Yisroel Hirsh wh o grandfather, th e 187 3 birth recor d o f m y great - had been remembered i n the Yizkorbook fo r hi s grandfather Shabs a Lis, an d th e 187 2 marriag e communal activities . Th e firs t listin g fo r a Lis record o f m y great-grea t grandparent s Elozo r relative wa s th e 185 2 birt h o f Sur a Lis , th e Shraga Lis (listed in the record as Yosef7), son of daughter o f m y great-great-grea t grandparent s Yisroel an d Chan a Lubline r Lis , an d Tzivi a Yisroel Lis and Chana Lubliner. Slomnicki, daughte r o f Ziskin d an d Git l (deceased) Slomnicki . However , a s the record s After this additional breakthrough, the riddle only starte d i n 1870 8, muc h informatio n wa s of the missing Slomni k records was now solve d confirmed but little new information was given on back through the mid-19th century. But unlike the the Lis and Lubliner families before this period. Lubliner family, the Lis family i s not mentioned prior to 1852. S o the question remained, had the 5. Mid-Nineteent h Centur y Breakthrough Lis family actually been in Slomnik much earlier along with the Lubliner famil y a s implied i n the Now knowin g that Slomni k record s existed , Yizkorbook or was Yisroel Lis the first member of and seein g tha t th e lat e nineteent h centur y the famil y t o liv e i n Slomnik ? Wha t abou t m y Slomnik record s i n th e Polis h Archive s wer e grandfather's rememberin g abou t "Koinsk " an d found together with those from the towns of Ksiqz why hadn' t I bee n abl e t o find an y Li s famil y Wielki an d Miechôw, I decided to follow u p on members i n Koriskie? the Yizkorbook burial information and so ordered FHL tapes o f Jewish deaths for Wodzislaw once 6. Th e Lis Family Found again an d als o non-Jewis h death s fo r Ksia. z Wielki, o n th e of f chanc e tha t Jewis h death s The next discovery came when I reviewed the would be listed there. I reviewed the Wodzislaw extracts o f Przedbor z marriage s prepare d b y tapes and did not find an y apparent match for my Dolores Lee Ring i n the same Spring 199 9 issue family. Becaus e o f tim e constraints , I di d no t (111:2) o f th e Kielce-Radom SI G Journal . have the chance to look at the Ksiaz Wielki tape Beginning wit h th e first issu e of this Journal, i t prior to its being returned to Salt Lake City by the had bee n m y practic e t o carefull y revie w th e local FHL branch. I figured that I would return to extracts for each town listed. M y experience with this at some later time. An d then to my surprise, the FH L record s ha d taugh t m e tha t durin g th e I saw a short letter in the Spring 1999 issue of the nineteenth centur y m y famil y an d presumabl y Kielce-Radom SIG Journal (111:2, pp. 16-17) which most families ha d moved a great deal and spread described ho w Marti n Brandon , t o who m I a m out throug h marriage s throughou t Congres s indebted, ha d discovere d a n erro r i n th e FH L Poland an d eve n acros s th e borde r t o Austria n catalogue — the Ksia. z Wielk i tapes , althoug h Galicia. Thus , i t was crucial to review the vital listed a s Christian , wer e i n realit y Jewish! ! records throughou t th e are a t o find extende d Further, the records seemed to cover a larger area, family. Fo r each extract , I would carefull y loo k including the town o f Slomnik. Anothe r par t of forthe many surnames of immediate and extended the Slomni k myster y ha d bee n solved . 1 family an d whethe r seemingl y relate d o r not , I immediately reordered the Ksiqz Wielki tapes and would highlight these surnames with a marker. I n this time ha d them pu t o n permanent loa n i n the earlier issues , I ha d ha d significan t success . local FHL library. Among the many names I had always kept an eye out for was the family Lis. Needless to say, the Ksiaz tapes (births 1826 - 1865, deaths 182 6 - 1867 , and marriage s 1847 - Prior t o m y revie w o f th e extract s fo r 1865) di d indee d contai n th e vita l record s fo r Przedborz, I had never heard of this town. Bu t in Slomnik. The vital records for Slomnik seemed to reviewing th e Przedbor z extracts , I notice d a n include mostl y Lubliner' s an d thei r in-laws . 1839 marriage of a Yitzchok Lis , son o f Efroi m Among thes e record s wer e th e 184 1 deat h and Ester Lis of Koniecpol. I had never heard of certificate of Faivel Lubliner at age 67, signed by this Yitzchok . Bu t I kne w tha t m y great - his so n Micha l [Yichie l Michel] , an d th e 185 9 grandfather Shabs a Li s ha d a younge r brothe r marriage of Yichiel Michel's son and daughter-in- Efroim born in 187 7 in Slomnik and a sister Ester Autumn 2001 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volum e 5, Number 4 33

Malka born in Slomnik around 1880 . I f Yitzchok 7. Discoverie s Lead to Family Connections was a relative, the n Shabsa' s brothe r an d siste r could have been named after his parents. An d of (i) Shmelka Lubliner Family course, Koniecpol sounded suspiciously similar to the Koint s o r Koins k tha t m y grandfathe r ha d All o f th e abov e source s als o le d t o grea t mentioned. advances in Lubliner family research. I will relate three o f these advances . First , abou t te n year s I first located Koniecpol o n the map. I t was ago, a "Slomniker " frien d o f m y fathe r tol d m y immediately over the border to the northwest from father that he had met a David Lubliner who was Kielce Gubernia . I then checke d to se e i f there originally fro m Slomnik . M y fathe r calle d hi m were an y FHL-filme d record s fo r Koniecpol . and it turned out that David was the nephew of my There were. I ordered the records and waited with grandfather's cousi n an d clos e frien d Nachma n some anticipation for their arrival. O n reviewing Lubliner. Subsequently , m y fathe r an d I visited the records, I found the December, 184 4 marriage with David and his wife a number of times. Davi d of Yisroel Lis, age 19 , the son of Efroim Li s and knew that his fathe r wa s Tzv i Eliyoh u Lubline r Ester Malka Wroclawsk i o f Koniecpol to Chana and tha t hi s grandfathe r wa s Yisroe l Faive l Lubliner, age 19 , the daughter of Michal and Gitl Lubliner. Bu t h e didn' t kno w Yisroe l Faivel' s Lubliner of Slomniki. I had found the Lis family father an d thoug h w e kne w w e wer e definitel y of "Koints", which was i n Koniecpol an d no t in related, w e didn' t kno w th e exac t connection . Koiiskie. Subsequen t researc h i n the Koniecpo l This is how it remained fo r many years. records revealed the 1814 marriage of Efroim Lis, age 18 , the son of Elozor Lis and Feigel daughter The record s fro m th e Polis h Nationa l of Efroim , t o Este r Malk a Wroclawsk i (o r Archives provide d th e first information . The y 9 Bresler ), ag e 19 , th e daughte r o f Rafae l included the 188 8 birth record of Tzvi Eliyohyu, Wroclawski an d Rivk a daughte r o f Efroi m who wa s th e so n o f Yisroe l Faive l an d La i (Efroim Lis and Ester Malka Wroclawski seem to Grinfeld. Th e secon d breakthroug h wa s i n th e have been first cousins). mid-19th centur y records . Thes e showe d tha t a Yisroel Faive l Lubline r wa s bor n i n 185 4 t o Upon finding thes e records, it became clea r Shmelka Lubline r an d Roz y Krige r o r Kliger . that the Slomnik Yizkorbook (or the inference that Now al l tha t remaine d wa s t o determin e i f thi s I had drawn fro m th e Yizkorbook) was less than Shmelka was the sam e Shmelk a m y grandfathe r precise about the early presence in Slomnik of the mentioned a s th e brothe r o f m y great-grea t Lis family. I t seemed evident that the first Lis in grandfather Yisroe l Hirsh . Th e Shmelk a o f the Slomnik was my ancestor Yisroel Lis who mus t records wa s bor n abou t 1819 . Thi s dat e woul d have move d t o thi s tow n o f his in-law s aroun d work with his parents being Yichiel Michel (born 1850. Also, through the Koniecpol records, I was circa 1801 ) an d Gitl . Similarly , th e date s als o able to exten d m y knowledg e o f the Li s famil y work wit h hi s bein g th e brothe r o f m y tw o three generations back through the middle of the ancestors Chan a Lubline r Li s (bor n 1825 ) an d eighteenth century . An d I receive d particula r Yisroel Hirs h Lubliner (bor n 1841) . Althoug h I satisfaction fro m Yisroel' s fathe r bein g name d have no t foun d th e birth o r marriag e record s o f Efroim. M y father's older brother Efroim Ziskin d this Shmelka , h e doe s appea r i n numerou s Alexander Lis had also died during the war. M y Slomnik records. Importantly , no other Shmelka father di d no t kno w fo r who m hi s brothe r wa s appears i n the Slomnik records. I t seems highly named. I t now seemed likel y that he was named unlikely that there was a second Shmelka Lubliner for his ancestor Efroim Lis . Thre e years before I in Slomni k a t the sam e time . Also , amon g th e found thes e records I had given my newborn so n late- 19th century records that I had received fro m the middle name Efroim afte r m y uncle Efroim . the Polish National Archives was the 189 4 death My so n now perpetuates the name o f his great - record o f a Shmelk a Lubliner, ag e 76 , who was uncle Efroi m Ziskin d Alexande r bu t also , the son of Michel and Roiza Kitzka(?). Whil e the unintentionally, but perhaps with G-d's presence, mother's nam e wa s different , th e ag e an d th e his ancestor Efroi m Lis , born exactly 20 0 years father's nam e matc h exactly . An d a close r before him. analysis seem s to indicat e that th e deat h recor d erroneously listed Szmelka's wife Rozy Kliger as his mother . S o i t seem s highl y likel y tha t th e 34 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volume 5, Number 4 Autumn 2001

Shmelka o f th e record s i s th e siblin g m y Finkelstein families. Abe l wrote back to me that grandfather remembered. Thus, David Lubliner is he was a descendant o f Yehuda Dov Finkelstein my father's third cousin. (Yehuda Dov i s the Hebrew equivalen t o f Leib Ber) and his wife Chana Faigel. I n subsequent e- (ii) Finkelstein Family mails and phone calls, we found that Abel's family was from Antwerp, and that his great-grandfather The secon d Lubline r breakthroug h als o Chaim an d famil y ha d spen t the war years i n a proceeded fro m th e 19t h centur y records . M y hotel in New York. Afte r almos t two-thirds of a father ha d alway s tol d m e o f th e Finkelstei n century, the families ha d agai n come i n contact. family o f Antwerp who were ou r relatives. M y Abel ha d muc h o f th e informatio n tha t Heshe l grandfather ha d corresponde d wit h the m befor e Teitelbaum ha d develope d independentl y o n the the War but m y fathe r didn' t kno w o f an y post - Finkelstein's bu t no t muc h informatio n o n th e War contact. M y father had heard that the family Lubliner's. H e sent me an extensive family tre e had survived the War in a hotel in New York but and I was able to give him the information tha t I knew n o more. I had alway s been intereste d i n had o n th e Lubliner's . Th e Finkelstei n famil y trying to find this family. history ha d state d tha t Shmelka' s wife , Roz y daughter of Haim Kliger, was the daughter of the To m y delight , th e 19t h centur y Slomni k famous Trzebiner Rov. A s of now, we have not records showed that two separate Finkelstein men been able to make the connection. Las t summer, had marrie d int o th e Lubline r family . A Wol f I had the privilege of meeting Abel's brother. M y Leib Finkelstei n fro m Checin y ha d marrie d i n father and I hope to visit with Abel's family i n the 1847 to Frymet Lubliner, th e daughte r o f Haim near future . Ozer Lubliner and Cywia daughter of Jacob. I did 10 not know how Haim Ozer was related . Also , in (iii) Bornstein Family 1863, a Ber Leib Finkelstein (born 1844) , the son of Herszl Finkelstein and Sura Rivka Goldberg of The third Lubliner connection sprang from the Piriczôw, had married Chana Faigel Lubliner, the same family history , interne t and Kielce-Rado m daughter of Shmelka and Rozy daughter of Haim SIG sources . I first sa w posted o n the JGFF i n Kriger (Kliger) . I assume d tha t th e long-los t October, 199 8 tha t a Michae l Bornstei n wa s Finkelstein famil y wa s on e o f thes e two , bu t I searching for the Bornstein family o f Slomnik. 1 could not be sure, and I did not know which one. knew tha t m y great-grandfather' s siste r Hind i Lubliner ha d marrie d Yako v Yose f Bornstein . About thi s tim e I e-maile d regularl y wit h Family histor y sai d tha t Yako v Yose f wa s a Heshel Teitelbaum, an author in this Journal, and relative of the famed Sochacheve r Rebbe, Rabbi a true font o f knowledge abou t numerous towns Avrohom Bornstein (183 9 -1910) , wh o wa s and Polis h Jewis h rabbinica l genealogy . H e e - known b y the nam e o f hi s famou s treatise , th e 12 mailed m e informatio n showin g that this Hersz l "AvneiNezer". I n the early 1990's, I had written Finkelstein o f Piriczô w wa s apparentl y a to a relativ e o f m y cousin s the Bornstein' s an d descendant of Yankl Finkelstein, the Rosh Kohol asked how they were related to the Avnei Nezer. (Head of Community) in Krakôw in the eighteenth The reply letter stated that Yakov Yosef s was the century. Thes e Finkelstein's were also descended son of Yisroel Meir and the grandson of Lipman from th e seventeenth century Rabbi Noson Nuta Bornstein, and that Lipman was the brother of the Shapiro o f Krakôw , a well know n Rabbini c Avnei Nezer an d the so n o f Rabbi Ze v Nochum authority who was known by the name of the book Bornstein, know n a s the "Aguda s Eizov" . Th e he had authored, the "Migaleh Amukos". Agudas Eizo v ha d bee n a leadin g schola r i n Bedzin an d was late r Rabbi i n Olkusz an d Biala A fe w week s later , i n March , 2000 , i n a n Podlaska. S o I e-mailed to Michael Bornstein that amazing timing coincidence,111 saw posted on the October askin g hi m abou t hi s famil y an d JewishGen Famil y Finde r (JGFF ) sit e specifically i f h e kne w o f an y connectio n wit h a search for the Yakov Yosef Bornstein. Finkelstein family of Slomnik, posted by an Abel Feldhamer. Arme d with the above information, I Michael answere d tha t h e di d no t kno w o f wrote Abel an e-mail asking for more informatio n Yakov Yosef , tha t hi s fathe r wa s bor n i n and telling him that I was related to at least two Sosnowiec, tha t hi s grandfathe r Ice k Mei r Autumn 2001 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volum e 5, Number 4 35

Bornstein was born i n 186 6 in Slomnik, and that actually a relative of the Avnei Nezer? An d third, the family ha d moved to Belgiu m befor e Worl d was th e Lipma n Bornstei n liste d i n th e War I. H e only knew that Icek Meir's sister was Szczekociny extracts Yakov Yosef s grandfather , Mala Idessa, but did not know their father's name. and if so, why was his father listed as Aharon and None o f this ran g a bell an d w e ha d n o furthe r not Zev Nochum, as would b e the case with the communication. Avnei Nezer's brother ? In sum , was this al l on e big family? A fe w year s later , whe n I reviewe d th e Slomnik 19t h centur y records , I foun d mor e There wer e indee d reason s t o believ e tha t Bornstein's i n th e family . Specifically , Rivk a Avrohom Eliezer and Yakov Yosef were related. Lubliner (born 1831) , the sister of my great-great Michael's cousi n ha d tol d m e tha t thei r famil y grandfather Yisroe l Hirsh , wa s marrie d i n tradition wa s tha t the y wer e descende d fro m Slomnik i n 184 9 to Avrohom Bornstein, the son Rabbi Shabsa i Hacohen , th e talmudi c of Aro n an d Faige l daughte r o f Boruc h o f commentator known as the "Shach". I knew that Szczekociny. I saw no connection wit h Michael the Agudas Eizov was also said to be descende d Bornstein and so did not contact him. from th e Shach . Also , Lipma n o f Szczekocin y was marrie d i n 185 4 t o Gitl a Rozenblu m i n When th e Spring , 200 0 (IV:2 ) issu e o f th e Olkusz, the same town in which the Agudas Aizov Kielce-Radom SIG Journal cam e out, I reviewed had bee n Rabbi . Lastly , th e Ksia z Wielk i the birt h extract s o f Szczekocin y prepare d b y Yizkorbook15 listed a scholar Rabbi Efraim Fishe l Leah Jorda n Bisel . I n reviewin g th e records , I Bornstein o f Miechôw who was killed i n Worl d noticed numerou s familie s wit h th e surnam e War II and state d that Efraim Fishe l was the so n Bornstein an d also a number of records listin g a of Aharon and grandson of Israel Meir Bornstein. Lipman Bornstein , wh o turne d ou t t o b e th e This Israel Meir was said to be the brother of the brother o f Rivk a Lubliner' s husband , Avroho m Agudas Aizov . I n doin g th e extract s o f Ksia z Bornstein. I saw an 186 6 birth record of an Icyk Wielki marriage s publishe d i n this issue , I ha d Majer, chil d of Abram Borensztejn (ag e 39) and found a n 185 2 marriag e o f Izrae l Borensztein , Rywa Lublin (age 35). Th e names of the parents who wa s th e brothe r o f Avroho m Elieze r an d were almos t identica l wit h th e name s foun d i n Lipman. Al l o f the m wer e son s o f Aaro n an d Slomnik, and it seemed certain that these were the Faige o r Haje . I t woul d mak e sens e tha t thi s same family. Bu t Icyk Myer was a common name Izrael was the same as the Israel Meir listed i n the 13 in 1866, s o that this coul d potentially , bu t no t Yizkorbook wh o was the brothe r o f the Aguda s likely, b e a differen t Icy k Mye r Bornstei n tha n Aizov. Th e key was to determine the parents of Michael Bornstein' s grandfather . I the n the Agudas Aizov. rereviewed the extracts and found the 186 0 birth record of Majta Ides, the sister of Icyk Majer, and The breakthrough came when I was finishin g the daughter of Abram and Rywa. Majt a Ides was this articl e i n lat e May , 2001 . A t thi s time , I a very uncommon name. Ther e could be no doubt received a n e-mail abou t the creation o f the new that sh e wa s Mal a Idessa , th e siste r o f Michae l Special Interest Grou p o n the interne t know n a s Bornstein's grandfather. Michae l Bornstein and I Ravsig, which specialize s i n rabbinical families . were third cousins, once removed. Later , Michael I poste d o n m y attempt s t o connec t thes e tw o told me that his father was also named Avrohom, families. I immediately receive d two responses. who i n tur n wa s obviousl y name d fo r hi s 14 The first responder stated that the he had searched grandfather Avroho m Eliezer. Michae l an d I the JRI-PL and foun d a number o f birth record s talked on the phone and we hope to meet perhaps for the children of the Agudas Aizov in the towns later this year. of Bedzin an d Olkusz. Th e second writer state d that h e had rea d tha t the parent s o f the Aguda s Three outstandin g Bornstei n question s Aizov were Aharon an d Faige . Combinin g th e remained. First , wa s th e Avroho m Elieze r two responses , I checke d th e JRI-P L fo r th e Bornstein family , whic h ha d marrie d int o th e marriage o f Ze v Nochum . Ther e I foun d th e Lubliner family, someho w related to the Yakov following Bedzi n marriag e whic h too k plac e i n Yosef Bornstein family, whic h had also married 1837: into the Lubliner family? Second , what evidence was ther e tha t Yako v Yose f Bornstei n wa s 36 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volum e 5, Number 4 Autumn 2001

BORENSZTEIN, Wolf Nuchym, age 18, light an d greatnes s runs afte r him" . An d i n son of Aron & Faygla Haia fact hi s so n was Zev Nochum, the Rabbi o f ERLICH, Doba, age 16, Biala - the fathe r o f th e geniu s an d Tzadi k daughter of Marek & Udla BRAUNER Rabbi Avrohom fro m Sochaczow .

It wa s al l on e family ! Ze v Nochum , th e It then occurred to me a possible explanation fo r Agudas Aizov , wa s th e brothe r o f Avroho m the marriag e o f Avroho m Elieze r an d Rivka . Eliezer, Lipma n an d Israe l Meir . Al l wer e th e Aharon Bornstei n wa s a studen t o f th e Choz e children o f Aro n an d Faygl a Hai a daughte r o f MiLublin. But Rivka's grandfather, Shraga Faivel Boruch. I t no w seeme d obviou s tha t th e lette r Lubliner, too k hi s surnam e becaus e h e wa s a from th e famil y membe r abou t Yako v Yosef s follower of the same Choze. Both patriarchs were grandfather Lipman being the brother of the Avnei linked t o th e Choz e an d perhap s throug h th e Nezer wa s incorrect . Lipma n wa s i n fac t th e Choze were linked to each other. brother o f the Avne i Nezer's father , th e Agudas Aizov. An d this explained the marriage of Yakov 8. Challenges Yosef Bornstein t o Hinda Lubliner. Fo r Yako v Yosefs great-uncle Avrohom Eliezer had married While many of the riddles regarding Slomnik Hinda's aun t decade s earlier . I t wa s al l i n th e and the Lis and Lubliner families have now been family. solved, numerous challenges remain. I still hav e not foun d an y Slomni k marriag e record s fro m But what explained the marriage of Avrohom before 184 7 nor an y records a t al l befor e 1826 . Eliezer Bornstei n t o Rivk a Lubliner ? A These records may very well exist . An d wher e tantalizing clue soon emerged. A few days afte r did th e Lubliner' s liv e befor e the y live d i n the discover y o f th e marriag e recor d o f th e Slomnik, why is one Lubliner sometimes listed as Agudas Aizov, I received another e-mail from the Danciger, and why are other Lubliner's sometimes person wh o ha d rea d tha t th e parent s o f th e referred t o a s Rubinski ? Avenue s t o pursu e Agudas Aizo v wer e Aharon an d Faiga . He now include th e Wodzisla w record s whic h I shoul d identified hi s source as HaChasidut,16 a book that now loo k a t carefully , th e 1790' s censu s o f th e lists man y prominen t Chassidi c leaders . I the n area housed i n the Polish Archives , and variou s ordered thi s boo k an d foun d th e followin g rabbinic genealogies . Perhap s i n a fe w year s description ( I have translated fro m the Hebrew): these question s wil l als o b e answered . Bu t th e solving of these mysteries will once again creat e RABBI AHARO N BORNSTEI N fro m new unknowns and reveal new avenues of inquiry, Szczekociny, th e studen t o f th e "Choze" , and I wil l the n spea k o f the ne w challenge s t o Rabbi Dovi d fro m Lelo w an d th e "Yehud i meet and the new riddles to be deciphered. HaKodosh [Hol y Jew]" . Th e "Choze " testified regardin g him : "H e i s completel y ©2001 ShabsaA . Lis. Al l Rights Reserved.

1. I n this article, I refer to the town by its Jewish name of "Slomnik", for this is how I have always heard the name, and because I am writing not about some geographical location, but about the holy community of Slomnik, its men, women an d children, which existed in a specific place, in a specific time and in a specific er a of Jewish history.

2. Base d on the time period in which Shraga Faivel lived, I later assumed that this Lubliner Rebbe was Rabbi Yaakov Yitzchok Horowitz, known as the "Choze MiLublin" (translated as the "Seer of Lublin") (1745 -1815), who was one of the instrumental figures i n the spread ofChassidus t o Poland. Subsequently , this assumption was confirmed b y a passage i n the Yizkorbook o f Piotrkow Tribunalski which describes Michael Lubliner's father , Simcha Ozer Lubliner. Th e passage states that Simcha Ozer's grandfather received the surname Lubliner because he was an admirer of the Choze MiLublin.

3. Pinkas HeKehilot articl e on Koriskie. A s described herein, my identification o f "Koints" with Koriskie would prove to be incorrect.

4. (1841-circa 1910). Autumn 2001 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volum e 5, Number 4 3 7

5. M y written record of my conversation with my grandfather state s that the brother's name was "Shmuel", but I seem to remember that my grandfather actuall y sai d "Shmelke", which is a diminutive of Shmuel. A n additional relative many years ago also remembered the name as "Shmelke".

6. Whe n we visited the Slomnik town hall, the clerk did not let us handle or read the record books ourselves. Rather, she would read the records and I would transcribe i n my notebook what she was saying. Sh e had particular difficulty i n deciphering the pre-First World War records which were written i n Russian, an d she stumbled i n attempting to read the last name of Gita, which she thought said Mandel-"something" or Mandelboim. I later foun d nineteenth centur y records which conflictingly refe r to Gita (Gitl) as being the daughter of either Mendel, Ber, Ick or Albram, but do not state a surname. Puttin g these facts together, it is my present assumption that Gitl's father was Mendel, and that Mendel was the name that the clerk had difficulty i n reading. Hence , I list Gitl as the daughter of Mendel and do not list any surname.

7. Th e description o f my great-great grandfather Elozo r Shraga Lis as "Yosef ' solved another mystery. Durin g our 1989 visit in Slomnik, we had found the 192 8 death record of a Yosef Lis, age 76, the son of Yisroel and Chana. W e knew that these were the names of the parents of my great-great grandfather Elozo r Shraga and that Elozor Shrag a died somewhere around this time. Bu t Elozor Shraga had an adult son named Yosef (Yoske) who died during the Second World War, so this record could not be that of Elozor Shraga nor could i t be that of his son Yoske. Further , there was no doubt as to the name of Elozor Shraga, as his grandson (my grandfather) Yichie l Michel was 35 years old when he died, and they lived together for those 35 years in the same shtetl of Slomnik. Elozo r Shraga was definitely no t known as Yosef. Still , my father could not figure out who this Yosef was as he was certain that he would have known of a brother of his great-grandfather, wh o would have died while my father was a child. Thus , the discovery o f Elozor Shraga's marriage certificate i n 187 2 in which he was listed as Yosef explained the 192 8 death record i n which he was also listed as Yosef and confirmed th e death record as being that of Elozor Shraga . Interestingly, i n one of the birth records of the children of Elozor Shraga and Tzivia obtained fro m the Polish Archives, Elozor Shraga is actually listed as "Lozor". I have yet to come up with a decent explanation fo r this "Yosef phenomenon .

8. Also , th e period fro m 188 1 through 188 7 is missing.

9. I n the records, the surname was written as Wroclawski by the Polish scribe, but the witnesses with this surname usually signed their name in Hebrew as "Bresler". I n reality, the names Wroclawski an d Bresler have the same meaning, reflecting a presumed origin in or connection with the Silesian city that was known i n Polish as Wroclaw and in German as Breslau.

10. I suspect that Haim Ozer is the brother of my great-great-great grandfather Yichiel Michel Lubliner.

11. I n my mind, this timing coincidence, and many of the discoveries described i n this article, are reflective o f the simultaneous explosion of internet database material, internet communication an d Jewish genealogical interes t that occurred a s use of the internet became widespread.

12. Th e Avnei Nezer married Sara h Tzina, the daughter of Rabbi Mendel Morgenstem of Kock, the famed Kotzke r Rebbe.

13. Th e name Icyk Meyer was not uniquely uncommon, bu t was specifically ver y common i n Poland i n 1866 , for that was the year when the leading Chassidic Rebbe in Poland, the first Gerer Rebbe, Rabbi Yitzchok Meir Alter known as the "Chiddushe Harim", had died. I n fact, i n the Szczekociny extracts, there were 4 boys named Icyk Meir born i n 1866 , 2 born in 1865 , and none born i n the years 1862 , 186 3 or 1864 .

14. Subsequently, Michael's cousin stated that Icyk Myer's gravestone in the Netherlands listed his father a s being named Avrohom Eliezer Bornstein, thus confirming what our research had shown. B y coincidence, my great- grandfather was Avrohom Eliezer Lubliner, the nephew by marriage of Avrohom Eliezer Bornstein. N o connection has been made as to explain their having the same personal name.

15. Sefer Yizkor Miyechov, Charshnitza u'Kshointz (Yizkor Book of Miechôw, Charsznica and Ksi^z Wielki), p.19.

16. HaChasidut, b y Yitshak Alfasi (1974) Maariv, Tel Aviv. 38 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volum e 5, Number 4 Autumn 2001

JRI-Poland - Piriczô w Archives Project

by Susan Javinsky Archive Coordinator, Piriczôw Archives Town Leader, Dzialoszyce

The mos t recen t Jewis h Record s Indexin g - Polan d (JRI-Poland ) / Polish Stat e Archives (PSA) project is at the Piriczôw Archives. A s Archive Coordinator, I am very excited about launching this project to inde x the Jewish vita l record s o f the nine town s covere d b y this branch . JRI-Polan d entere d int o an agreement i n 199 7 with the PSA to index their Jewish vital records that have not been microfilmed b y the LDS (Mormons). I n general, these records cover the years from 187 5 (or earlier) to 1900. Thi s time period is critical to our research, sinc e many o f us have grandparents o r great-grandparents who lived i n Poland during these years. Havin g access to indexes of these records via the Internet will enable us to quickly make the kind of discoveries and breakthroughs that researchers of these towns have been dreaming about for years. As with other JRI-Poland projects , the completed indice s will be made available in the on-line database at .

Jewish vital records in Congress Poland after 186 7 were kept in the Russian language (in the Cyrillic alphabet), and the JRI-Poland tea m wil l be entering the data i n Cyrillic, which will then automaticall y be converted to the Latin alphabet by Michael Tobias, JRI-Poland's database manager.

The first step in this project i s the appointment of Town Leaders for the nine towns with records in the Piriczôw archives. Tow n Leaders have two main responsibilities: to inventory the LDS microfilms (if any exist) for that town, and then to help raise funds fo r the data entry of indices for that town. Tow n Leader s who have already volunteered, and the available LDS microfilms fo r each town are:

Town Town Leader Mormon microfilm s Busko-Zdroj Nachum Tuchman None ([email protected]) Chmielnik Warren Blatt 3 films: ([email protected]) BMD 1876-78 ; 1880-84 Dzialoszyce Susan Javinsky 6 films: ([email protected]) BMD: 1810-186 5 Nowy Korczyn Shabsa Lis 4 films: ([email protected]) BMD: 1826-39 ; 1849/76; 1877-84 Pacanôw None Piriczôw 20 films: BMD: 1808-65 ; 1866/70; 1870-8 4 Stopnica Karen Lefkowit z 3 films: ([email protected]) BMD: 1875-188 4 Szydlow 2 films: D: 1854-68 , B: 1866-74, BMD: 1875/84 Wislica 3 films: BMD: 1826-7 5 Source: Jewis h Records in the Family History Library Catalog (as of Feb. 1 , 2001), IAJGS Autumn 2001 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volum e 5, Number 4 39

When a microfilm inventor y has been completed fo r a town, photocopies of the index pages for the years not microfilme d b y the LDS will be ordered fro m th e Piriczôw PSA. The n when these indice s ar e counted, a fund-raising goal will be established fo r the data entry fo r that town by the Warsaw-based JRI - Poland team. Th e available Jewish vital records at the PSA for each town are:

Busko-Zdroj B,D: 1886-88 , 1890,1892-1900; M: 1886 , 1893-190 0 Chmielnik B,M,D: 1876-190 0 Dzialoszyce B:1826-72, 1875,1881-85,1887,1891 ; M: 1826-65 , 1873-83, 1885, 1887, 1891; D: 1826-72,1875, 1885,1887,189 1 Nowy Korczyn B,M,D: 1826-39 ; 1849-62; 1875-9 9 Pacanôw B,M,D: 1878-84,1886-190 0 Piriczôw B,M,D: 1826-63 , 1865,1867-75,1878-90,1892-1900 Stopnica B,M,D: 1875-190 0 Szydlôw B: 1866-95 ; M: 1875-95 ; D: 1854-68, 1875-9 5 Wislica B: 1826-35 , 1837-44,1846-50, 1852-53 , 1855, 1858-72,1874-82,1884,1886-87; M: 1826-35,1837-44 , 1846-50,1852-53 , 1855,1858-67,1869,1871-72, 1874-82 , 1886; D: 1826-35 , 1839-44,1846-50,1852-53,1855, 1858-67,1869,1871-72 , 1874-82, 1884 , 188 6 Sources: Polis h State Archives master inventory, June 2000; other updates

As an added bonus, Town Leaders successfully fulfillin g thei r objectives will be eligible to receive an Excel spreadshee t file with al l the indices for their town. Donor s making a qualifying contributio n wil l also be eligible to receive the Excel file. Th e amount of the qualifying contributio n i s set when the number of indices is known.

Town Leaders are needed fo r Pacanôw, Piriczôw, Szydlôw and Wislica. Piriczô w is a large town by itself and with the large number of records to be indexed, may benefit fro m a Town Leader working with a few other interested researchers. I f you are interested i n becoming a Town Leader or want more informatio n on the Piriczôw PSA project, pleas e contact me ([email protected]). Mor e informatio n about the JRI-Poland / Polish Stat e Archives initiative can be found o n the JRI-Poland website at:

For information o n how to make donations to the Piriczôw PSA project, please view the information o n the various options at:

This won't happen without your active help and support. 40 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volum e 5, Number 4 Autum n 2001

JRI-Poland / Jewish Historical Institute project: Dzialoszyce Vital Records 182 9 /1846

In June of this year, Jewish Records Indexing - Polan d (JRI-Poland) announced five new indexing projects at the Jewish Historical Institute (Zydowski Instytut Historyczny) in Warsaw, including the creation of extended indice s of births, deaths, marriages an d alegata for the town o f Dzialoszyce for many years between 182 9 and 1846 .

There are almost 60 0 entries i n this dataset. Th e most significan t record s are the 220 'marriag e supplements' or alegata. Alegat a files not only include the marriage record, but also the birth records of the bride an d groom, and sometimes other records as well. Th e Alegata end i n 1846 , so the majority o f the brides and grooms were likely born before 182 6 - year s that pre-date strictly Jewish vital record keeping in Poland. Judgin g from examination of records on the LDS (Mormon) microfilms for Dzialoszyce, there will be many brides and grooms from surroundin g towns.

A table o n the project we b pag e indicates the years and types of entries in this dataset. Du e to the small size of this collection of records, JRI- Poland i s creating expanded indices, which will be available i n its online database.

The fundraising target for this project is only $180. Contributor s of $25 or more will be eligible to receive an Excel file with all the entries. Instruction s on how to make donations are available on the JR1-PL web site at . Pleas e mark your donation "Jewish Historica l Institute Project - Dzialoszyce" . Fo r more information, pleas e contact:

Susan Javinsky, 9 Riverbrook Rd., Ottawa , Ontario, Canad a K2 H 7W7 Phone: (613) 596-9115 Fax : (613) 596-9602 E-mail :

Contributors for 2001

We are most grateful an d would lik e to thank the following member s for their monetary contributions to the Kielce-Radom SIG in 2001. These contributions help fund our ongoing translation projects .

Baranoux, Daniel Bisel , Leah Jordan Brandon , Martin Braverman, Debra Carmi , Gideon Cohen , David P. Cohen, Elliot S. Eylat , Martin Faintich , Phyllis Friedman, Howard Friedman , Melvin Gold , Morris Gould, Gladys Glaser Harawitz , Sheryl Heyman , Robert Hurwitz, Kobi Isaak , Carol Bleecher Lazega , Max Lefkowitz, Marti n & Estelle Liebowitz , Roni Seibel Maslov , Freya Blitstein Mett, Perets Rosenblatt , Stuart Sadowski , Lucy Shiftma n Saperstein, David M. Shaffer , Leonar d A. Spiritas , Alexis Stellman, Steven D. Sterrie , Adam Suwal k Lomza Interest Group Taichman, Ettie Waxman , Suzanne S. Weitzman , Stewart Wirth, Morris Zilber , Barbara Zimmerman , Sand y Zyngier, Ramiro Autumn 2001 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volum e 5, Number 4 41

Extract Data in this Issue

Ksiaz Wielki Marriages 1847-1865 Shabsa Lis Chmielnik Deaths 1876-1884 David Price Opoczno Births 1848-1851 Debra J. Kay

The vital record extracts for this issue are 1847-1865 Opoczno marriages fo r Ksia z Wielk i an d surroundin g area , prepared by Shabsa Lis; the 1876-1884 Chmielnik deaths, We're pleased to welcome a new contributor, Debra prepared b y David Price ; an d th e 1848-185 1 Opoczn o J. Kay, who presents extracts o f the 1848-185 1 Jewis h births, prepare d b y Debr a J . Kay . Thi s dat a ha s bee n births for the city of Opoczno - a "new" town for us, for extracted fro m th e civil registration books in possession which we have not previosuly published any extracts. of th e Polis h Stat e Archives , an d microfilme d b y th e Church of Jesus Christ Latter-day Saint s (LDS). Thes e Opoczno was the district town (th e county seat ) of extractions include information derived directly from the Opoczno powiat, i n northwesterer n Rado m gubernia . original registrations on the following LDS microfilms: The town of Opoczno's Jewish population i n 189 7 was 2,425, an d i n 193 1 i t wa s 3,376 . W e hav e neve r #0,753,048 Ksia z Wielki 1847-186 5 published any extracts for any town in Opoczno district. #1,192,418 Chmielni k 1876-187 7 (This leaves the Kozienice district as the only one of the #1,808,864 Chmielni k 1877-187 8 14 districts of Kielce and Radom gubernias for which we #1,808,865 Chmielni k 1880-188 4 have not published any extracts). #0,719,135 Opoczn o 1848-185 1 The Opoczno Jewish record books of this period also There ar e additiona l microfilme d record s availabl e fo r encompass the nearby towns of Drzewica, Gielniôw, and Ksiaz Wielki and Opoczno. Odrzywol, as well as many surrounding villages.

Ksiqz Wielki Note that seven of the microfilms o f Jewish record s for Opoczn o ar e mis-catalogue d i n th e LDS ' Famil y This issue contains extracts of all of the microfilmed History Library Catalog as "Church Records". Thes e are marriages record s fro m Ksia z Wielki , b y Shabsa Lis . the record s o f 1826-1860 , o n microfilm s #719,13 1 t o There is an extensive introduction on the following page. #719,137. Se e K-R SIG Journal, 11: 4 (Autumn 1998) , pp.16-17. Chmielnik Caution David Price continues his contribution of Chmielnik data, wit h extract s o f th e deaths fo r 1876-1884 . Hi s These extracts are intended to assist the researcher in extracts of the birth records of Chmielnik for 1876-188 4 selecting record s tha t may b e o f us e fo r furthe r study . appeared i n Kielce-Radom SIG Journal IV: 3 (Summe r There may b e error s i n interpretatio n i n these extracts , 2000), page s 45-70 ; an d th e marriag e record s fo r th e due to the uneven quality of legibility of the handwriting, same period appeared in 111:3 (Summer 1999) , pages 57- the microfilming , an d th e conditio n o f th e microfil m 71. Thi s complete s the extracts o f all the microfilme d itself, i n addition to errors i n the original record books . Jewish vital records of Chmilenik. As always, i t i s prudent fo r th e researcher, whe n usin g secondary source data such as these extracts, to examine Note that there are no records for 187 9 on microfilm, the primary source data for final verification. I t is always and tha t the records fo r 187 8 were microfilmed twice . best fo r th e genealogis t t o vie w th e actua l record s The 187 9 records, as well as those for 1885-1900 , are at pertaining to his/her famil y t o verify th e interpretation , the Polish Stat e Archives branc h i n Piriczôw. Ther e i s and glean additional facts . currently a JRI-Polan d projec t t o inde x thes e non - -WB microfilmed records . Se e page 38 of this issue.

Chmielnik was in Stopnicapowiat (district) of Kielce gubernia before WWI , and had a pre-Holocaust Jewish population of 5,908. 42 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volum e 5, Number 4 Autum n 2001

Ksiqz Wielki (including Stomniki and area villages)

Jewish marriage records fo r Ksiqz Wielki are found o n LDS microfilm numbe r #0,753,048. Extract s o f the death records for Ksiqz Wielki prepared by Robert Heyman from the same microfilm are found in the Autumn 2000 issue of the Kielce-Radom SIG Journal (IV:4, pp. 31-43). Birt h records are found o n LDS microfilm number s #0,753,047 and #0,753,048. Rober t Heyman and I discussed and decided upon the project of extracting the Ksiqz Wielki records and I am indebted to Robert for his collaboration and his encouragement. I am further indebte d to Martin Brandon fo r finding these records, as reported i n the Spring 199 9 issue of the Kielce-Radom SIG Journal (111:2, pp. 16-17).

Much o f the background informatio n containe d i n the introductory materia l to the above-referenced deat h extracts also applies to these marriage extracts. As stated there, the Jewish vital records kept in Ksiqz Wielki were in reality regional vital records for what seems to be the approximate area known in the latter part of the nineteenth century as "Miechô w Powiat" (Miechôw district). Th e region included the towns of Ksiqz Wielki, Stomniki, Miechôw, and dozens of villages. Fro m reviewing the birth, marriage and death records, it seems clear that a high percentage of the Jewish population did not live in the towns but rather in the very numerous villages. On e of the causes for this more rural distribution coul d be the fact that until the 1860' s Jews were not permitted to live in the district capital, Miechôw, and were also not permitted to live in parts of the town of Stomniki.

Later records for this region could be found, as of 1997 , in the Polish National Archives branch i n Jedrzejôw. These record s cove r a t leas t th e years 1870-188 0 an d 1888-1895 . Apparently , thes e records ar e liste d a s bein g "Miechôw" records, but include Ksiqz Wielki, Miechôw, Proszowice, and Stomniki. N o Jewish birth or death records prior to 182 6 have been located and no marriage records before 1847 . An y help or suggestions in this regard would be appreciated.

In the 170 marriage records extracted here, almost 100 separate towns and villages are mentioned. Fe w records involve two marriage partners from Ksia.z Wielki. The only significant "local" towns for these records were Ksigz Wielki (over 12 0 people born, living, or working there), Stomniki (24 people) and Miechôw (6). O f the 24 Stomniki people, 18 are members o f the Lubliner family , thei r children an d in-laws . Th e remaining "local " people were scattered i n dozens of villages. O f the non-local towns, the following had the most mentions, in order of frequency: Wodzisla w (15 people), Wolbrom (15), Dziatoszyce ( 12), Zarnowiec (10), Piriczow (9), Bedzin (7), Szczekociny (7), Checiny (6), Pilica (6), Chmielnik (4), Kromolôw (3) and Staszôw (3). Numerou s other towns and villages appear.

Because o f the difficult y o f reading thes e records, many o f the names o f the village s ma y no t b e correct . Caution is advised. Additionally , while in the later records, which were of higher quality, 1 attempted to list more than one town or village per person married i f a separate listing was made for place of birth and place of residence or work; in the earlier records, which were of poor quality, I often struggled to find the name of even one town or village. Thus , although a town or village is listed for each of the earlier records, it is likely that at least some of these records contain second places per person married which are not listed i n these extracts.

In deciphering the place names, I came across the phenomenon of various locations in Poland having the same name. On e example in these records is the village of Klimontôw, which is likely the small village near Ksiqz Wielki and not the town i n Radom Gubernia of that name.

Most of these records list a surname or a patronymic immediately after the marriage partner's mother's given name. I have capitalized these listings where it seemed strongly likely to me that reference was being made to a surname and not a patronymic. If I had any significant doubt , I presumed the name was a patronymic and did not capitalize. I only listed occupations in singular instances.

The following abbreviations are used in the extracts: (b) born, (d) deceased, g - gmina, K - Ksiqz Wielki, (1) living, (mn) maiden name, p. - powiat, (w) widow, (wk) working, [ ] - my conjectures (the conjectures do not appear in the original records). [Not e that the powaits in these records are the 1845-1867 borders, not the later 1867-1917 borders. See Map 2 in IV:4 (Autumn 2000), page 1 3 - WB] .

I would like to give special thanks to Warren Blatt an d Mark Froimowitz for their efforts o n all of our behalves in editing and publishing this Journal. A Groise Yashikoich. ©200 1 Shabsa A. Lis. Al l Rights Reserved. Autumn 2001 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volum e 5, Number 4 43

Ksi^z Wielki Marriage s 184 7 -1865 LDS microfilm #0,753,04 8

# Surnam e Given Name Age Fathe r Mother Town 1847 1 DANCYGIE R Nuchem 25 Abra m Estera (GOLDMAN) Kromolôw KRYKSTAN Sora 20 Mortk a Lava (Barbems) wsi Kacice 2 OLMER Herszla (w) 40 Dawid Riwka wsi Szynaze ? PrWOWAS Hava Sura 26 Herszl Ruda (Berkow) wsi Kwiadle? 3 PULTORAK Lewek (w) 31 Jakob (d) Estera (Majerow ) Wolbrom HALEMAN Nachma 25 Szmul (d) HindafSYLBERBERO wsi Harnice? 4 FINKIELSTEYN Lybusz Wolf 18 Ick Sura(AKERMAN) Checiny LUBLINER Frvmet 16 Ovzer Cvwa (Jakubow) Slomniki 5 KESMA Dawid Leybusz 25 Abram Lyba (Judkow) Dzialoszyce LUDNY Estera 22 Herszl Cvrla (Jankow) wsi Konieeowa 6 ANISMAN Simen 21 Lewka Zysla (Libitow) Piriczôw ABRAMCZYK Rvwka 19 Lewka Zvsla (Herzlow) K 7 INZELSTEYN Icyk 20 Solomon (d ) Hawa (Statishow?) Pilica HOCHERMAN Bela 23 Dawid Sura (Jeker) wsi Kalina 8 KUMET Berek 18 G impie Rayzla (Markow) Zarnowiec STARK Sura 18 Abraham Tauba (Lybow) K 9 MELOCH Meloch 21 Szmula Szprynca (Lybow) K SZTERN Mindla 24 Herzli Liba (Sprachow?) Wodzislaw 1848 1 MELCE R Mosiek Aron (w) 29 Zysman Hana (Jakobus) wsi Unajo w KRYKSZTEIN Rvwki Bela 21 Ceska Mordku Leva (Kartow) (d) wsi Kacice 2 KOPLOWICZ Haim Lyzur 22 Zatle (d) Sura (Kelborow) Wodzislaw KLEYNER Lava 19 Simcha Malka CLvzerow) K 3 WEINTROB Icyk 18 Dawid Sura (Herszlow) Checiny BIALO Hana Mindla 18 Mala Peslera (Anna) K 4 DANCYGIER Zacharia Salamon 18 Zachary Haya (Leybman) Pilica NAYMAN Fravdel 17 Lvpman Hana (Boruch Baderi Miechôw 5 ERLICH Abram 28 Joachym Lyb Ruchla (GUTTERMAN ) Bedzin STERNFELD Szavdl (w) 30 Szia Hindla (Lvbuszow) Slomniki 1849 1 BORENSTEY N Abraham 18 Aron1 Faygla (Boruch) Szczekociny LUBLINER Rvwa 17 Michal Gitla (Berkow) Slomniki 2 LIBERMAN Pinkes 26 Abraham Gitla (Annowicz) wsi Naglowiec BERLINSKA Ruchala 25 Jacob Rvwka (Aronowicz) wsi Mstvczow 3 ALTER Szalemen (w) 45 Slama? Sura (d) 2,arnowiec, p. Olkusz KLEYNER Rvwka 26 Mortka Dwoira (Berkow) K 4 PARCYS Icyk 28 Eihen Haja (Berkow ) Wolbrom, p. Olkusz PERBOWA Gitla (w) 26 WolfBrzechnow? Frvmet (Leybuszow) wsi Rogôw 5 PERGERYCHT Icyk 21 Jochym Liba (Berkow) Wolbrom, p. Olkusz ABRAMCZYK Zvsla 18 Lewkul Ravzla (Abrahamow) K 6 SYLBERSZTEIN Jankl (w) 38 Mayer Abrahamow Jachyma (Lutwicz) Olkusz, p. Olkusz KULISZ Sara Rachmil (w) 24 Szamsza Szaidil Frvment (Krelmanowl K 7 EPSZTEIN Zalman (w) 28 Izrael Etla Laje (Szekow ) Piriczôw HOCHERMAN Ruchla 18 Dawid Sura (Zelman) wsi Kalina, p. Miechôw 8 ISZTER Icyk Michal 25 Jakobus Hana (d) Wodzislaw, p. Kielce LYZEROWNA Ewa 17 Cvna Hana (Judka") K 9 MOLSZTEIN Szmul 21 Aunna Wita (Nikken) Wolbrom, p. Olkusz BAYGIEL Szaidla 20 Zelik Cvrla (Junkel1) wsi Swiczvnie?, p. Miechôw 10 MENDELOWICZ Lewek 25 Mendl Cerka (Judkow) Wodzislaw, p. Kielce SZEFEROWNA Laia 24 Berka Hana (Lvbow) (dï Wodzislawi K 11 FERLEGIER Cymech Mendel 20 Lyzran Nucka (Jacobter) (d) Szczekociny, p. Kielce SYLBERGERG Ester Blima 18 Izrael Tauba (Levzerowl K 12 WANDERMAN Aron 20 Herzl Szayndyl (Gerliwczow ) wsi Opac, p . Miechôw PRAZICH Michèle 20 Majer Bavla CJudkow") wsi Swiecice, p. Miechôw 44 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volum e 5, Number 4 Autumn 200 1 I

13 LANNCERMAN Janoz 21 Jankel Zlota (Szudnych) Wodzislaw, p. Olkusz OSALKA Svmcha 18 Lewek Gitla K 14 TARGOWNIK Wolf 21 Mejer Mirla ( Solkow) Chmielnik, P. Stopnica OSZYNSKA Bavla 19 Mortka Gitla ( Jakub) K 1850 1 GOLDSZTA K Mendl 19 Joachym (d) Bayla Jentele Sznaiowie?, p. Stopnica BIALA Chaia Liba 17 Faygla Jentych K 2 MITYM Joskem 23 Wolf Malka Zlota (Janklow) (b) wsi Stuponem?, p. Miechôw HERSZKOWICZ Bayla 20 Szmerl Szayndl (Perlow? ) (1) wsi Sznoinec?, p. Stopnica wsi Szistca? 3 BIEDAK Mendl 20 Lyzer (d) Estera (Lybow) Wodiwlice?, p. Kielce GUTTMAN Cvna 20 Kiwa Rywka (Lewtow) wsi Wolica, p. Miechô w 4 RAFALOWICZ Kiwa 20 Meyer Hanna (Ferfers ) wsi Opac, g. K, p. Miechôw GUTTMAN Rachele 19 Hernia Kayla (Xelmanow) wsi Stahenowic?. g. Miechôw 5 ERSZLIKOWICZ2 Icyk 23 Icyk (?) Anna (Helowicz) Dzialoszyce, p. Miechôw SKOWRON Liba 23 Herszka (d) Jachweta (Janklow) Slomniki. D . Miechôw 6 BERKOWICZ Aron 21 Icka Scath (Judow) (d) Wolbrom, p. Olkusz EDAMKA Rochlima 20 Joska Hawa Rywka (Mendlow) K 7 KNACL Mordka 19 Herszl Etl (Szmulow) Dzialoszyce, p. Miechôw LEYWA Sora Dwoyra 18 Kavla Golda (Lewkow) K 8 HAYDUL Izrael Jonas 25 Wolf(d) Sara (Mortkow) Wodzislaw, p. Kielce RAPPOPORT Ester Laia Mosiek Wolf Siewa (Judkow) wsi Szywiec?. D. Miechôw 1851 1 REDLIC H Solomon 26? Jakob Masze (Jakub) K WANENKA Rywka 18 Icka (d) Ravza (Jayblow?) K 2 KLEYNER Szmuel Icyk 18 Mosek Jenta (Portunsych?) K ABRATY Dwovra Faygla 17 Szlama Matl (Helamkich) Szedben, D . Radom 3 VVICHTLER Abram Jakub 20 Icyk Fraydla (Berkow) (d) Dwatyacz?, p. Miechôw LADNA Haia 22 Szlama Cyrla (Lvbow) wsi Koscieiôw. p. Miechôw 1852 1 PRAGIE R Josek Haim 18 Abraham Lewek Dwoyra Dyna (Rezeskaye) Warszawa FINKELSZTEIN Mirla Dworya 19 Herszla Laie (FANTUCKER) Checiny 2 WACHADLERSKI Berek 25 Renicka Estera, (Purker?) wsi Ranowki, p . Miechôw OSLEWNA Knavdla 19 Lewka Gitla (Kelmanow) (d) K 3 ROYZENBAUM Szyia Wolf 21 Szlama Sura Polaniec RADZIMINSKI Zyrla Haym Szypra Ocklow) K 4 BORENSZTEIN Izrael 18 Aaron3 Haje Szczekociny RADOMSKA Bina Laia 16 Szvmon Hanna K 5 METLIK Izrael 19 Julek Nycha (Jakubow) Chmielnik JASKLOWNA Itla 22 Szaul Esta f Jasklow) (d) K 6 STERN Leyw 21 Lewek? Zycla Szczekociny PERTUNA Krandla 18 Szmul Dwoyra wsi Pieczonow?, e. Susow? 7 FISZMAN Dawid Hercyk 23 Elie Haja Checiny DYAMENT Perla 20 Munisza Ruchla (Markow) K 1853 1 RYGIE R Szaia 20 Herszlika Marya (Jasbusow) Wloszczowa MENALA Estera 21 Rafale (d) Brandla (Herzlow) wsi Kozlôw 2 WEINRYB Gersen (w) 45 Herzl Laje (Nusenow) (d) K GUTTERMAN Marya Judes 24 Herzl Kayla (Potokow) (d) wsi Slahomorow? 3 BRENNER Abraham Dawid 18 Tobiasz Faygla (Myerka) wsi Ukowice EYZENBERG Ruchla 21 Eyzyk Faygla fHerzlow ) K 4 SYLBERGER Mortka 19 Abraham Laje (NALEWKA) K WAYSLICZ Fravdl 17 Lvzer (d) Frvmet Radczvcal? 5 LANGFUS Juda Aharon 19 Joachym Dawid Sura Bedzin KLEYNER Evdl Ester 17 Lewka Hersz (d) Ruchla K 6 ABRAMCZYK Szmul Herszel 20 Lewka (d) Rayza (Zgnitkow) K GOLDBERG Sora Judes 17 Eliakim (d ) Malka (1) 2amowiec. (wk) K 7 KLEYNER Simcha (w) 62 Ick Hanna K HERSZENHORN Hanna 22 Sina Gitla CLeybusiow) K Autumn 2001 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volume 5, Number 4 45

8 LEWI Jakob (w) 42 Berka Mch? (d) wsi Krzalôw? BREZIE? Sora Blima 22 Szlama Favgiel Ruda wsi Koztow O N 9 SYLBERGER Jakob Herz Izrael Tauba(ROTTENBERG) K BLATT Perla O Maylich Jachet (Levenow) Zarnowiec 1854 1 ZYNGE R Lybus 18 Jakub Brandi (Mendlowiczow) wsi Naglowice GUTTMAN Marva 18 Kiwa Rvwka (Lewkowiczow) wsi Wolica 2 STERN Gecel 19 Ick Kayla Zarnowiec MYDLEK Sora Dwora 20 Abraham Hanna Gitla (d) K 3 STOPNICKI Abraham Icek 20 Gimpl Elka (Fanow?) Pinczôw BRUMER Bluma 19 Faybus (d) Hvnda(ZYLBERGER) K 4 WAYNHANDLER Leybus 18 Izrael Haje Sur a (d) Szydlowiec SZMULOWICZ Fayga 17 Szmul Hinda K 5 GUTKIN Moszek 18 Fiszl Marya (LUBLINER) Stomnik i DIZENHAUS Gradla 17 Mortka Haje Staszô w [signed - Pinkus Sternfeld (40)1 6 WEINREB Szaia 18 Pinkus (d) Haje (Leynow?) Staszôw KLEYNER Ester Gitl 18 Moszek Jenta K 7 NALEWKA Baruch 19 Izrael Binda(SYLBERKIER) K SALCBERG Alta 17 Moska (d) Favgla (Szolowiczow) Stomniki 8 STERNFELD Abraham Szyia 18 Pinkus (kupiec) Rayza (DANCYGER/[LUBLINER]) Stomniki LANDAU Frandl 19 Wolf Jonas Bavla (FRANKED (d) Czestochowa 9 KWALWACR Rubin 18 Jakob Sura(RYBINSTYN) K ROSNER Faygly Brandi 21 Evzyk Bavla (Revtern) Stomniki 10 ERLICH Salamon 18 Dawid Faygla (Stnegaszkisz) Bedzin FISZ Gitla 16 Joachym CvrlaOanklemïïJASKLl K 11 HEFTER Hajm Leyzer 24 Joska Malka Piriczôw OLBRAMSKI Bravdla 20 Leyzor (d) Rochema K o 12 LOKEY Urya (Aron) o Abram Ester (Berkow) Dzialoszyce

BERENBERG Sora t o o t Haim (d) Cvna wsi Zanwurul? 13 WANUCHA Mortka (Mordechai) 19 Ick (d) Rayzl K SZLUNOWNE Fravdl 19 Dawid (d) Hudes (Sklanow) Wodzislaw 14 ROTMAN Szaja 18 Dawid Ryzl Dzialoszyce ERYNPAN Sura 17 Joska Szvwa (d) wsi Markocice 1855 1 LEWKOWIC Z Izrael 19 Moska Cyrla Wodzislaw LIPMAN Frajdla Rajzl a 19 Ick Laja (b) wsi Marcinowice, (1) wsi Jocholowa 2 SULTANIK Leybus 18 Abram Esterka Dziatoszyce ROGOWSKA Sora 22 Nuchym Rvwka K 1856 1 JASKIE L Jakob (w) 40 Abram (d) Hendl K FISZ Hinda Fraida 19 Jankl Hawa(d) Piriczôw 2 POSLUSZNY Jankl 18 Cherszli Chana(KLEJNER) (b) K, (1) wsi Pieczonogi BREUER Fraidl 17 Liber Golda (Lewkowicz) K 1857 1 WOZNIC A Szlama 18 Jozef Faygl (Fislow) wsi Bryzdzyn, g. Ragnes PALIWODA Hanna 18 Joachim Ravzla (Cherszelowicz) g. Klimontôw 2 LEJZER Abraham 19 Zaly Faygla (Aronow?) K SZACHTOWNA Sora 21 Malerba? Hendl wsi Klimontôw 3 ZELINGIER Jukiel 21 Wolf Gitl wsi Sulistawiena, p. Olkusz GERSZONOWICZ Svmcha 20 Iser Favel (Herszlikowicz) g.K? 4 ADLERFLIGIER Lewkus Herszl 21 Kalma (d) Faygl Bedzin SZLAMOWICZ Sura 18 Szmul Hinda K 5 ZYSMAN Maier 18 Izrael Malka Szendl Ostrowiec GOLDKORN Rvwka Szendl 19 Chaim Fiszl Marva (LUBLINER) Stomniki O N 6 ROZENFELD Boruch Luzer Dawid Wita (TENENBAUM) Pilica SZTERENFELD Itla O Pinkus Rudl (DANCYGIER/ [LUBLINERÏ) Stomniki 7 HELFGOT Zelman (w) 36 Moska Cyrl Dzialoszyce BIALA Perl 24 Moszka (d) Faicia K 46 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volum e 5, Number 4 Autumn 2001

8 ROZENBERG Jakob 22 Eizyk Chaia Sura (Majirow) (d ) Wodzislaw LITMANOWICZ Chaia 18 Ick Rvwka (FRYMAN) wsi Marcinowice 9 BREDYN Berk 21 Szymon Rejla Bedzin ZLOTNIK Chana Gela 22 Salomon Chana (ROTENBERG) K 10 LIS Izrae l Szymon 21 Tobiaz Faigl Chisl Dzialoszyce HERSZLIKOWICZ Baila Cvrla 18 Berk Malka (Nabuzinvch) wsi Sladôw 11 WAINTRAUB NaftulaFelis 21 Rafal Chana (Lewkowicz) wsi Janowiczki BIRENBAUM Chana 18 Chaim (d) Sieiwa (BRENER) (b) wsi Janowiczki, (1) wsi Krapidlo 1858 o 1 MANDELTO F Israel o Aron (d) Trudyka (Herszlikowicz) (b) wsi Cierliszie, (1) Slomniki t o t o

LEWKOWICZ Szprynca I Zacharyas Ruchl (Piaconow) Kromolôw 2 FRYDMAN Jankl 20 Lejbus Golda (Janklow) K GRYNBERG Raiza (w) 32 Moszka CUKR Sura (d) K (mn) CUKR 3 KZICZKI Maier Nuchym 22 Faiwl Liba (ZYLBERGIER) Dzialoszyce ZYLBERGIER Raiza Chana 19 Izrael Toba (Herszlikowicz) K 4 LEYZOREK Leyzor Mendel 18 Cyna (d) Chana (Fiszlow) K DORFELD Zelda 21 Wolwa Itta (Zelmanow) K 5 KLAJNER Jankl 22 Mortka Dwojra (Morzkow) wsi Wolica LEWI Mindl 18 Maier (d) Kaila (ZLOTNIK) K 6 PINCZOWSKI Cherszla 23 Chila Dyna (d) wsi Wolica HERSZLIKOWICZ,Sora 22 Ick Chaia (d) K 7 ANZLOWICZ Leybus 18 Barek Laia Szczekociny LUBLINER Bina Raizla 17 Szmelka Ravzla Slomniki 8 KLAJNER Abram 24 Natan Chana (Nusitowow?) Bedzin ZYLBERBERG Wita 18 Izrael Hinda K vNALEWKA 9 LADNY Jakob 23 Szlama (d) Cyrla (Berkow) wsi Kosciejôw ZYTNYKWIAT Marya 25 Fawl Zelda (Cherszlikowiczi (d) Wolbrom 10 SZARCENBERG Pinkus 18 Moska Litera (CUKIERMAN) Zarnowiec MYDLEK Kiela 20 Abram Chana (Leizorow) (d) K 11 ZELIKOWICZ Josk 20 Jakob Sora (Szmulow) wsi Benskow? LEWKOWICZ Tauba 19 Elukiem Szandl(d) wsi Kalina 12 DOBRY Symcha 18 Nuchym Rywka (d) K GNIACKJ Favgla 22 Cherszl Gnedl (d) K 13 ZYLBERGIER Boruch Dawid 18 Moszka Faigl (BRUMER) K WISLICKI Szandla 20 Ick Perl (Efroimow) (d ) K 1859 1 GEWERCMA N Moszek Josek 19 Rafala Mindla (Ciezkowski) Pilica KLAIN Esterka Fraidla 19 Karol Faigl (WANDERMAN ) K 2 PIASKOGORSKI Izrael Jakob 19 Ick Chaia Zelda (d) Dzialoszyce EIZENBERG Sora Jachet 18 Jakob Golda (Moskow) K 3 SPIRA Josek Mendel 21 Nuta (d) Curtla (WISLICKI) (b) wsi Konskie, (1 ) Checiny LUBLINER Chana Rvwa 17 Izrael Ick Gitl (Maier) Slomniki 4 ABRAMCZYK Rywen Dawid 19 Abram Dida (NALEWKA) K EJZENBERG Zvsl 24 Eizvk (d) Anna (Moskow) K 5 LUBLINER [Yisroel] Cherszla 18 Michal Gitl (Mendl) Slomniki GOLDENEFEDER4 Estera 16 Fiszl (d) Chaia (ROZENTRAUB ) Staszôw 6 GOLRZALOZANY Zysia 24 Iser Zysa Wodzislaw FAJGIENBAUM Chaia 18 Szlama Ewa (Chaim) K 7 EJZOROWICZ Wolf 21 Lemel (d) Chana (d) K SZTERN Chinda Rvfk a 20 Mortka Leib Fagla(FAKTOR) Nowv Korczvn 8 MARGULES Jakob Naftula 18 Andzla Sur a Ita (FISZ) Staszôw FISZ Frymet 16 Chaim Dida rYedidyal Cvrla (JASKL) K 9 MARKOWIEZ Cherszl Dawid Moszek 20 Moszka (d) Faygla (Lewkowicz) K WAJNER Chaia 20 Zvsl (di Fraidl (d) K Autumn 2001 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volum e 5, Number 4 47

10 KICZKOWSK I Josek 25 Szmul Estera (d) K BIRENBERG Ruchla 18 Chaim Siejwa (Moskow ) (b) Dziadozyca, (1) wsi Pieczonogi 11 LANGHAR T Rubin Szmul 24 Cherszlik Frymet Wolbrom OLSZEWSKA Rachuma 16 Jakob Sora (d) K 1860 1 GDANSK I Kalman 20 Joska (d) Rywka (Dawid) K ROK Sura Laia 22 Aron Ruchla (d) Dziaîoszvce 2 BIDERMA N Abram 19 Jozef Chaia (Flajszerowicz) (d ) Zarnowiec KORCWAL Malka 18 Faiwel Temerce K 3 BRENE R Josek 20 Tobiaz Tolbie K LITMANOVICZ Frymet 19 Ick Rywa K 4 RADZIMINCK I Abram 20 Jakob Golda (Mosznyr?) K ve/EIZENBERG GOLRZAIN Tolce Ruchla 18 Wolf Faiela K 5 SZLEZYNGIE R Josek 18 Joachym Chanie Zarki KLAJNER Rywka 19 Mosek Jentl K 6 PARYZE R Izrael Abel 18 Szlama Estera (Ber) Pilica SALCBERG Baila 17 Ick Laia (Ciesielski) Slomniki 7 LEWI T Jakob 21 Josk (d) Ruchl Piriczôw MANELA Rvwka 19 Abram Chaia K 8 PINCZOWSK I Wolf 19 Moszek Ela Blima (Lewkowicz) Wodzislaw ZYLBERBERG Zelda 20 Chaim (d) Chana K 9 PLOCIENI K Lejzor Lej b 19 Ick Ruchl Chmielnik LUBLINER Hana Faygl 18 Oizer Trzeiwie Slomniki 1861 1 ROYZMA N Szlama 24 Berek Gilla(KRAWCZYK) wsi Sediszôw GRYNBAUM Mindla 19 Perzla Esterze Raiza wsi Zaryszyn o 2 KLISZCZOWSK I Dawid o Lewek Chana (d) Wodzislaw t o LEWKOWICZ Fraindel o t Icyk Rvwce wsi Tocholow 3 BORENSZTAJ N Szymon 23 Chaskiel Sura (d) Wolbrom ROZMAITER Ester Laia 26 Dawid Chaia K 4 LUBLINE R Fajwel 19 Michal Gitla Slomniki SZPANLANG Rvwka 20 Abram Perla Krakôw 5 GRYNBAU M Lejzor (w) 36 Radoszyce SZPAJDMAN Sora 18 Mendel Surze K 6 LAJZORE K Icyk 20 Lajzorze Mortc e Zysla K NIEWADOMSKA Zlota 20 Dawid Hawia Liwia K 7 ABRAMCZY K Kalma 21 Abram Dyna K SULTANNIK Basia 18 Abram Esterze K 8 SZTER N Lewek 21 Szlamie Dwojrze Rachel Koniecpol ZLOTNICKA Colka 18 Dawid Frvdla (Gruzczg?) K 9 BORENSZTAJ N Szymon 21 Wolbrom WESOLA Zvsl 20 Jakob SurafNIEWIADOMY) (b) wsi Buzkow, (1) wsi Janow 10 KUME C Mendel 18 Josk Zarek GOLDKORN Brvndl Etla 17 Haimie Fisz Marva (LUBLINERÏ Slomniki 11 JAKOBOWIC Z Naftula 20 Hajm Rajzla (d) wsi Slyn, Paraffii Wodzisla w PALIWODA Hinda 18 Salamon Sorze (Herszkowicz) 12 KARPI N Izrael Jachym 21 Jankl Bajla (Rojzyzpajtet ) Szczekociny SZPIEGEL Dvna 20 Szmul Haia (Taulnowicz') Miechôw 13 MONET A Berek 23 Major Dyna K KLAJNER Hanka 22 Jankl Kiwa Ester fROLNICK Ï wsi Ruslowice, oaraffii K 1862 1 DOBRY M v Dawid Lejbu s 24 Abram Surze K ROGOWSKI ZLOTNIK Faiela 24 Szmul Hinde K 2 ZYSKIN D Jakob 21 Szay Wolbrom KORC Ruchla Nicha 18 Izrael Udi (Noszkowicz) wsi Marcinowic e 3 NAJMA N Dawid 19 Miechôw ZYLERBRAND Marvia 18 Abram Laia [bann in Piriczôw] 48 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volum e S, Number 4 Autumn 200 1

4 POREBA Lejbus (w) 42 (b) Zarnowiec, (1) wsi Zabrudzow WARSZAWSKA Ester Rayza 21 Eyzyk Faiela wsi Mstyczow 5 B1RNBAUM Mendel 25 Chajm Ewa (Brynczow) (b) K, (1) wsi Mianocice ZYNGIER Hawa 19 Urya Hana 6 LEWI Mosiek Dawid 23 Majer Kajla (Zemidlow) K ZLOTNIK Fraindl Szaindl 19 Haim 7 LEWKOWICZ Lewek 25 Lewek Haja wsi Marcinowice JUSKOWICZ Ruchla Raiza 24 Abram Szaindl 8 BRENER Liber 31 Szulim Laja K KORCWAL Pesla Mindla Mosiek Lai a K 9 FRYDMAN Dawid Maje r 22 Lejbus Golda Ryfk a K WELTMAN Ruchla 21 Haia wsi Loouszno 10 LIBERMAN Jako b 18 Herszlik Malka (Welesiner) (b) Zarnowiec, HERSZL1KOWICZ Estera Gitla 18 Izrael Berek Frymet (Markowicz) (1) wsi Chlewice, D. Wodzislaw 11 BIALOKOWSKI Mosiek 19 Wolf(d) Brajndl (Moszkowicz ) (b) wsi Laskôw, g. Wodzislaw KLAJNER Fraindl 17 Mortka Dwoira (Moszkowicz) (d) (1) Naglowice, K 12 KLAJNER Kiwa 32 Szmul Hinda K FRYDBERG Haia 19 Haim Tauba (Ganokic) (d) K 13 ZGNITEK Mendel Fvel 32 Szmul Fraydl (Herszlikowicz ) K AJZENBERG Sora 23 Eizek (d) Faiela Hana (NIEMCOW) K 14 SULTANIK Henoch 25 Abram Estera (Rozanity) K PINKIEWICZ Tauba Fraindl 19 Mosiek Dawid Rachela(SZWARCBAUM) K 15 KLAJNER Jankiel (w) 25 Mortka Dwojra (Moskowicz) (d) K KORC Raizla 19 Gabrvl (à) Gitla (Szulimow) K 1863 1 ZAJ D Mosiek Dawi d 20 Haim Joska (d) Szajdla Haj a Sur a Piriczôw, p. Stopnica SZLACHTER Etla Herszla Marya (ZLOTNIK) K 2 JAKUBOWICZ Abus v. Abram (w)38 Moska (d) Bajli wsi Wechadlow, p. Miechôw F1SZEL GoldaMirla 19 Herszla Ruchla Laia K 3 JASNY Herszla (w) 21 Lejbus Ester Dzialoszyce, p. Miechôw ROJZENFRUCHT Frajdla Icyk (d) Fajgl (Lewkowicz ) (b) wsi Rza.dowiec, (1) wsi Sudolkan a 4 LEWI Szlama 18 Moska (d) Kaila (ZLOTNIK) K CHLEWICKA Zlota 26 Cieiwoch Blima wsi Lanv TWielkil 5 HANDELSMAN Saul Mosiek 19 Jankiel (spekulant) Mindla Radom LUBLINER Golda Faiea 17 Izrael Gitla (SZTAJNBERG ) Slomniki 6 FINKIELSZTAJN Beer Lajb 19 Herszla Sora Ryfka (GOLDBERG ) Piriczôw, p. Stopnica LUBLINER Hana Faiela 20 Szmelka Roza (Haimowicz) Slomniki 7 BIRENSZTAJN Alter 22 Szulim Hana Gitla (NARCYZ) (d) Wolbrom, p. Olkusz POLTORAK Pestla 20 Jakob Tauba (Twadowicz) (b) Wolbrom, (1) wsi Falniow, p. Miechôw 8 JASKIEL Herszla Jakob 18 Dawid Fajgla (DYAMENT ) K ADLERFLIGIEL Haia 23 Kalma (d) Faela (RAJCH) Bedzin, D. Olkusz 1864 1 KLESZCZEWSK I Abram Lejzo r 21 Lewka (d) Hana (Michalowna) Wodzislaw, p. Kielce RAKOSZYNSKA Sura 21 Ick (d) Jafeta K 2 LEWKOWICZ Kopel 24 Szymon Bajla (Zgnitkow) K OLSZEWESKA Estera Mendel Hana K? 3 ZAJDNER Herszla 19 Hercka Haia (BAUM) Wiélica, p. Stopnica LUBLINER Rywa 20 Eizvk Cieiwa (Jakubowicz) Slomniki 4 KORNFELD Berek 23 Jochyma (d) Ryfka (BERMAN ) Wolbrom, p. Olkusz PRAWER Fraidla 18 Izrael Ester (Zychowna) wsi Wierzbica, p. Miechôw 5 ABRAMOWICZ Szmul Lewek 21 Herszla Hinda (Hedplowicz) (b) wsi Kropidlo, GRINBAUM Ajdla 18 Perec Ester (Zyserowna) (1) g. Kasiechowice wsi Zarvszvn 6 BORYNSZTAIN Berek 20 Icyk Here Estera (PLESZOWSKI) Wodzislaw, p. Kielce AJZENBERG Golda 22 Eizvk (A) Hana Faiela K Autumn 2001 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volum e 5, Number 4 49

1865 1 HOROWIC Z Jose k 18 Ice k Hana(GDANSKI) K ZILBERGIER Witl a 19 Izrae l Tauba(RAUBNSZTEJN) K 2 SLOMNICKI Berek 26 Fajbu s Malka Rajzl a (b) Wolbrom, (1) Miechôw KOTLICKA Ruda Laia 21 Izrae l Haia (MORGENSZTERN) (b) K. (ï) Miechôw 3 OLSZEWSKI Fajbus Hil 19 Jako b Siewa(KLAJNER) (b) K, (1) Miechôw BORENSZTAJN Raizla 25 Hersz l Rvfka (SLOMNICKI ) Szczekocinv 4 FRENKIEL Chajm Perec 21 Leweklce k Hlia(SZYF) Piriczôw, p. Stopnica JASKIEL Fraidla 21 Jako b HawaPesla(RAKOW) K 5 NARCYZ Litman 23 Abra m Sora (b) Wolbrom, (1 ) Stomniki NIEGOSLAWSKA Liba (w) 30 Hercy k Jochfeta Slomniki (mn) SKOWRON (late husband: Icyk Niegoslawski) 6 ZARESZYNSKI Perec . 22 Mosie k Hindla(KLAJNER) K MONETA Gitla 21 Sza i EilafZARESZYNSKI) K 7 GOLDWASER Abram 19 Josk a Blima Zarki? ZLOTNIK Nvcha Szlama Hana K 8 RABINOWICZ Abram 18 Izl a Fajga ZYSMAN ) Ostrowiec STRZEGOWSKA Rywa 16 Ice k Raiza TRUBINSKI/LUBLINERl Slomniki 9 ZYSMAN Majer Zysman? Szajdl Chmielnik GOLDKORN Baila Gitla [Haim Fiszell Chaia Maria TLUBLINERl Slomniki 10 ROZENBERGIER Josek Jakob 19 Ic k Gitla Checiny SZWARCBERG Malka 18 Mosk a Rvwka K 11 BIDERMAN Mortka 19 Szuli m Bace (Hajszakiew) (d) Zarnowiec, p. Olkusz FRYDMAN Gitla Hendla 21 Icv k Haja K

1. Aharo n BORNSTEIN was a student of the Choze MiLublin (th e "Seer of Lublin", R. Yaakov Yitzchak, 1745-1815) . H e was the father of Rabbi Zev Nochum BORNSTEIN, wh o was Rabbi of Bedzin, Olkusz and Biala Podlaska and known as the "Agudas Aizov", and grandfather o f Rabbi Avrohom BORNSTEIN, who was known as the "Avnei Nezer" and the first Sochaczever Rebbe.

2. Icy k ERSZLIKOWICZ i s referred t o posthumously i n the 186 5 marriage certificate o f his widow Liba as Icyk NIEGOSLAWSKI. Se e 1865, Akt 5 below.

3. Se e Endnote 1 above.

4. I n Staszôw records, the surname is typically GOLDFEDER. 50 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volum e 5, Number 4 Autumn 2001

Chmielnik Death s 187 6 -1884 FHL microfilms #1,192,418, #1,808,864-865 Akt Surname Given Names Age Father Mother 1876 1 LIBERMAN Mindla 50 Majer Perenc Hana Estera POPLONKOW 2 KANTOR Szandla Rywka 70 Michel Jankel Bajla ZAGAJSKI 3 TREMBECKI Temerla 2 Gerszon Gitla ROTENBERG 4 CUKER Ejzyk 1 Zelman Jona Hana WAJNSZTAT 5 MYDLARZ Moszek Wulf 56 Nuchim Cyrtla 6 RECHTER Estera 5 Lejbus Gulca GOLDSZTAJN 7 ZYLBERSZTAJN Estera 70 Lejbus Marya 8 MEDOWNIK Lejb Icek 5 David Hudla Laja ROJCHENDLER 9 JOSKOWICZ Drajzla 3 Mordka Hana Nysla MYDLARZ 10 GOLDSZMIT Abram 1 Wolf Jacheta HENIK 11 ZMIDEK Kiwa 80 Manel Mindla Chaja 12 SZTERENSIS Maria 83 Zysman Pesla WACIKOWICZ 13 LEWENSZTAJN Estera 1 Nuta Nacha OSLOW 14 JOSKOWICZ Aron Wolf 3 Josek Lajb Gela PACHCARZ 15 MINC Ruda 9 Crysa Majer Marya GOTFRYD 16 GRYNBAUM Lejbus Nusyn 30 Mendel Fajgla 17 MALY Wolf 26 Moszek Jakob Mindla JOSKOWICZ 18 JAROS Herszel 6 Dawid Perla GOLDSZTAJN 19 SZENKER Rochla 36 Abram Frajdla NOZIC 20 SZPIGEL Chawa 60 Herszel Blima RZESZAK 21 BUSKOWODA Majtla 1 Dawid Ejtla CELTOW 22 GORLICKI Tauba 82 Dawid Hana 23 OURBACH Masza 6 Mendel Gitla Malka GERSZNER 24 KORENBLUM Bajla Fajgl a 30 Herszel Brandla BRAJTMAN 25 TARGOWNIK Malka Chendla 3 Szlama Boruch Pesla LERNER 26 ZISMAN Fiszel 56 Lipa Perla SZTERENFELD 27 WALDBERG Josek 3 Moszek Jakob Ruchla JAKUBOWICZ 28 CHERSZBERG Abram 2 Herszel Hana Rajzla 29 PASTERNAK Gitla 2 Dawid Rykla MYDLARZ 30 GLUZMAN Majer 70 Lajb Sora LEWKOWICZ 31 CIECIERSKI Szmul Wolf 9 Lejbus Sora BUGAJSKI 32 MALY Rochla 38 Alter Elisa APELBAUM 33 SZPIRA Chilel Gdala 60 Chajm Enta 34 LUBEK Chinda Rochla 36 Uryn Malka CHLIEB 35 DYZENGAUS Chaim Dawid 3 Izrael Brandla GOLDLIST 36 KORENBLUM Rajzla 1 Dawid Laja RAKOWSKI 37 SZWARC Chaja Perla 80 Jona Mordka Kajla 38 GORLICKI Blima Dobra 46 Ajzyk Hersz Masza PENOW 39 WIERNIK Sura 22 Izrael Majer Frajda BERKFRAJD 40 SWICZARCZIK Berek 30 Lejbus Frajdla GARBARSKI 41 CYMROT Zisman 22 Josl Chaja Sura ROTENBERG 42 LIBERMAN Szmul Herszel 1 Matla Fajgla Chaj a PAPLAK 43 FELDGAJER Icek 1 Aba Fajgla Chawa PASTERNAK 44 NOZIC Abram 80 Lejbus Chaja LEWKOWICZ 45 HERSZKOWICZ Szandla 4 Sana Cirla WAJNSZTOK 46 PASTERNAK Frajdla 80 Szmul Rajzla DOMBROWSKI 47 BERKFRAJD Herszel 76 Aron Golda NEIZWESTNICH 48 GOLDBERG EljaWulf 94 Nusyn Rywka JAKUBOWICZ 49 GERTNER Jojna 60 Moszek Hana 50 SZYDLOWSKI Raszka 2 Lejbus Hana 51 SZTRAUCH Rajzla Mirla Haskel Rywka Laja WIENICKI 52 MENTLIK Chaja 1 Szmul Jankel Hana DIAMENT 53 SZPILFOGEL Mordka 50 Wolf Liba 54 ZYLBERSZTAJN Kalma Wigdor 1 Awner Perla GOLDBLIT 55 MEDOWNIK Estera 9 Jojzep Laja LIBERMAN 56 KLAJMAN Blima 1 Moszek Laja Gitla MILER 57 RYDELNIK Chaja Perla 3 Icek Rywka Tauba SZLACHNER 58' GUZY Abram 9 Jukel Bajla Cypa MILLER 59 ZELNY Majer 1 Jojzep Golda Laja KRAKOWSKI 60 BULOWA Laja Keyla Majer Hinda UDLER Autumn 2001 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volum e 5,, Number 4 51

61 GRYNGRAS Nuchym 2 Boruch Welka NAJMAN 62 KELERMAN WolfKalma 3 Nuchim Mart FRYDMAN 63 MEDOWNIK Josek 60 Fiszel Lajb Bajla ZLOTA 64 ZELAZKO Frimeta 11 Herszel Gitla Perla RABINOWICZ 65 SZWARC Fajwel 9 Mordka Machla SWICZARZIK 66 PLESZEWSKI Bajla 50 Moszek Mindla OSSIOW 67 EPSZTAJN Laja Estera 60 Szaja Estera Pesla FEFER 68 BALER Rywka Brandla 34 Judka Cipa TAUBENBLAT 69 BORKOWSKI Jankel 2 Wolf Nacha CHILEWICZ 70 GROJS Moszek Aron 8 Icek Ruda FELCMAN 71 BRUM Fajwel Chil 7 Lejbus Hana Laja KASZERMAN 72 PASTERNAK Rajzla 66 Lejzor Golda 73 EJZYKOWICZ Gaskal 72 Ejzyk Malka MELNER 74 SWYNCICKI Perla Mindla 50 Nuta Ruchla IGELNIK 75 FUKS Chaim Dawid 4 Josif Rywka Estera GARBARSKI 76 RUBINSZTAJN Abram 1 Aron Rywka LEWKOWICZ 77 RYCHTER Poria 3 Lejbus Gulca GOLDSZTAJN 78 GERSZKOWICZ Zelda 2 Herszel Rajzla WUICIKOWICZ 1877 1 PENKAL Josek Hersz Icek Hana FRYDMAN 2 BRAUMAN Izrael 4 Abram Sora NIRENBERG 3 CZARNA Itla 80 Zysel Dyna SUKNIK 4 MENDROWSKI Chena 70 Juker Mandla BRIELSKI 5 RAJZMAN Etla 3 Moszek Frimet LEWKOWICZ 6 GOLDBERG Gitla 66 Icek Estera KANTOR 7 FEDERMAN Eliasz Cipa 26 Josek Majer Mindla 8 OKSENCHENDLER Chil Berek 50 WolfJakow Bajla 9 CHMIELNICKI Mindla Brandla 6 Moszek Chaja NOWAK 10 WARSZAWSKI Icek 19 Moszek Lajb Laja TORGOWNIK 11 MEDOWNIK Chil 46 Wolf Bajla Chawa RAKOWSKI 12 URCWAJG Blima 1 Szmul Rajzla BIALOGURSKI 13 CECERSKI Chaja 3 Szlama Malka CHABROWSKI 14 KWASNEWSKI Sora 80 Ejzyk Hana 15 GUZY Jukel Lejbus 46 Zelman Rochla OGNEWICZ 16 MILLER Cindla 2 Dawid Rajzla SZTERENZIS 17 MOSZENBERG Abram Tobiasz 28 Jukel Estera KIWA 18 SUKNIK . Itl a 16 Mosek Mindla 19 SKURA Sura Laja Izrol Sura Szifr a ZINGER 20 JAKUBOWICZ Chaja Ciwia 30 Szaul Szandla KALB 21 BRAJTMAN Majer 26 Erem Majla GLIKSMAN 22 GONSKA Icek 20 Lejbus Frimet NACH 23 BLUSZTAJN Malka 28 Mordka Laja SKLAR 24 CHLIEBA Rywka 60 Berek Brandla WAERNIK 25 SILMAN Ciwia 50 Zisel Rochla LEKZOW 26 ZONSZAJN Estera Chana 1 Machel Frajda ROZENBLUM 27 MORTYN Herszel 1 Jukel Rywka ZELIKOW 28 GONSKI Majer 23 Icek Rochla JOSKOWSKI 29 GERSZON Rajzla 36 Boruch Gindla MLANARSKI 30 RAJZENMUTER Chana 20 Mordka Szaja SKLAR 31 CZANA Hersz Lejb 1 Fiszel Bajla GARBARZ 32 ZLOTNIK Cwietla 40 Mordka Josek Bajla Estera SZERB 33 ZAIONC Rajzla 2 Herszel Ejtla ROZENCWAJG 34 SZAJN Malka 80 Majlich Rywka Sora 35 WISNICKI Rajzla 32 Herszel Lajb Chawa WAJCFELD 36 ZAIONC Izrol 18 Wigdor Marya 37 GOTLYB Chana 40 Ejzyk Idle MENTLIK 38 ROTER Fajgla 3 Kalma Sora Laja DZURA 39 SAPSEWICZ Josek Boruch 10 Szimon Laja Sora KLAJMAN 40 MORTYN Sora 35 Szlama Zelik Chawa CUKER 41 WOLFOWICZ Dwojra 3 Lipa Zelik Poria GUTERMAN 42 MINSKI Gitla 54 Majer Rywka ZACHASKI 43 TARGOWNIK Rykla 36 Herszel Gitla MINSKI 44 FRAJTMAN Majer 2 Berek Brandla RECHTMAN 45 GOTLYB Rywka 4 Dawid Hana MENTLIK 46 DREWNANY Uryn 21 Josek Majer Estera MENDROWSKI 52 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volum e 5,.Number 4 Autumn 2001

47 GUTMAN Loca 70 Gerszon Perla GOLDBERG 48 CZARKA Jankel 9 Izrael Mosek Rywka WAJSMAN 49 ZYLBERMAN Nuchim Berek 9 Icek Chaja Perla FRYDMAN 50 SOLNIK Rywka 5 Szimon Cyrla CYMROT 51 GOLDBERG Chaja Sora 40 Herszel Lajb Hinda DZABA 52 BULWA Mordka Dawid 9 Kalma Majer Hindla UDLER 53 OKSENCHENDLER Sora 1 Rafal Hana Udesa KWASNEWSKI 54 SILMAN Chawa 17 Szmul Frimet SILMAN 55 BRAND Rochla 60 Szimon Hinda BURSZTYN 56 GOLDSZTAJN Rochla Loca 4 Szulim Sora GORCEWSKI 57 BLIOGRIND Mosek Josek 3 Icek Sima ABRAMOWICZ 58 GELBORT Szlama Icek 1 Herszel Sora Rywka MEDOWNIK 59 ROZENBERG Mejlich 6 Josek Nacha POLITANSKI 60 SZWARC Godel 5 Mordka Masza SWICZARCZIK 61 SKURA Idesa 1 Aron Lana MENTLIK 62 TCHURZ Laja 27 Machel Racla BUGAJSKI 63 FRIDEN Manachim 40 Majer Malka MENTLIK 64 MENDLEWICZ Elja 66 Jankel Czarna 65 GURSKI Mordka Jankel 1 Judka Frajdla Pesla KLARMAN 66 ZYLBERBERG Majer 3 Lejzor Witta MOSZENBERG 67 CHMIELNICKI Rochla 58 Szimon Loca NAJMAN 68 ZRICKI Majer 35 Boruch Cirla WAJNRAJCH 69 EJZENBERG Wolf 70 Szmul Jakow Itta ROTER 70 SZTRAUCH Chaja 1 Szosl Sora Frajdla ROZENSZTAJN 71 LERNER Jankel 40 Henoch Elja Rajzla 72 DAWIDOWICZ Cerka Jacheta 7 Henoch Elja Sora GILCZEWSKI 73 SWICZARCZIK Josek 1 Henoch Elja Fajgla TCHURZ 74 ICKOWICZ Lejbus 66 Icek Golda Basa 75 MENDLEWICZ Jerechet 3 Mendel Lajb Blima SMOLARZ 76 BLANK Motel 70 Rubin Tajbla Maszla BRAM 77 KAUFMAN Izrael Icek 1 Haskel Bajla NITKOW 78 NIZINSKI Sora 48 Szmul Laja KRUWKUW 79 LANDO Laja 17 Nachmet Itta 80 GUTMAN Chinda 2 Chaim Dwojra RYBENBAUR 81 ZAIONC Cyrla 18 Majlich Pisla MYDLARZ 82 CHERSZKOWICZ Rajzla 6 Dawid Ajdla SZYDLOSKI 83 DAWIDOWICZ Maria 2 Icek Josek Golda BELFER 84 SIECZKOWSKI Szimon 2 Majer Rochla 85 ZELNY Szapsa 85 Abram Gitla BELFER 86 DIAMENT Beniamin 54 Kalma Rochla Estera 87 DZIORA Abela 3 Wigdor Hana Zisla BALYCH 88 GOLDSZTAJN Kalma 8 Szimon Sora BORUSZEWSKI 89 MENTLIK Sender 82 Nicha 90 FINKELSZTAJN Josek 70 Uszer Laja 1878 1 SZYDLOWSKI Gerszel 50 2 SZENKER Majer 5 Jukel Chawa Golda ZALCBERG 3 WOLFOWICZ Estera Dwojra 1 Liba Zejlik Poria PERLDMAJD 4 ZONSZAJN Szyja 50 Machel Sora MENDLIK 5 FRAJTMAN Rajzla 2 Pinkus Rochla Nacha FELEGER 6 SZTRAUCH Sora Szmul Dobra LEMBERG 7 OKOWITA Fajgla 46 Chaim Tauble 8 NAPARSTEK Dwojra 1 Szrol Estera Rywka TAUB 9 SMOLARZ Abram Nuchim 2 Mordka Taubla Fajgla NAUMAN 10 TCHURZ Izrael Herszel 2 Benjamin Ruchla GOLDLIST 11 SZMUKLER Herszel 3 Szlama Estera Rywka PLESEWSKI 12 LIS Szmul Hersz Icek Berek Chawa WORTER 13 SZTRAUCH Abram 30 Josek Herszel Marya KERSZENBAUM 14 MYDLARZ Perla 20 Josek Bajla DZURA 15 SMOLARZ Judka 60 Majer Frajdla Pesla GUSLER 16 SUKNIK Szyja 44 Lejbus Dyna CZARNY 17 BESENDORF Brandla 17 Dawid Hersz Witta SKORLESKI 18 JOSKOWICZ Chaja Sora 60 Nusyn Chaja NEMESTKIK 19 GERSZKOWICZ Ryfka 1 Abram Simcha SLABATEWSKI 20 MIODOWNIK Sora Ita 1 Dawid Chwula Laja WOLCHENDLER Autumn 2001 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volum e 5, Number 4 53

21 BESENDORF Basa 40 Benjamin Chaja SKORNSEWSKI 22 SILMAN Jakob Dawid 2 Icek Ciwa BARANOW 23 ELIASZEWICZ Chaim 3 Ejzyk Rywka WISNICKI 24 SWICZARCZIK Gicla 1 Szlama Rywka WISNICKI 25 WAJCMAN Gitla 6 Szimon Chaja SZTRAUCH 26 CHELFMAN Kopel 1 Herszel Hena ROZENCWAJG 27 DZIORA Chaja 66 Herszel Itla 28 NORZICE Pesla 60 Zelik Estera Rywka RZETELNICH 29 GOLDSZTAJN Josek 2 Majer Jaker Szajdla FUKS 30 PRESDNOWEK Moszek Aron 7 Herszel Chaja MENTLIK 31 SZYDLOWSKI Sora Ides 20 Icek Malka Rajzla GAJLUCH 32 KAUFMAN Machel 88 Zajwel Hana Liba MORTYN 33 GRABEK Szlama Boruch 1 Biler Dwojra Gitla ZYNGER 34 FINKELSZTAJN Kiwa 1 Lejbus Laja 35 PERELMAN Chana Ruchla 3 Moszek Sora TAFLOWICZ 36 BULWA Szajdla Rajzl a 80 Lejb Wolf Chenug DIAMENT 37 GOLDLIST Mosek Jakob 4 Icek Zelik Chaja MILYCH 38 RAKOWSKI Lejzor 4 Szwidana Icek Blina ICKOWICZ 39 FAJGENTBLAT Sipa Josek 50 Aba Cirla RAKOWSKI 40 ROZENBERG Chaja 15 Hana 41 CHERSZKOWICZ Szlama 30 Froim Hana 42 BORSZEWSKI Mosek 6 Judka Cikla OKAWITA 43 MARMELSZTAJN Laja 48 Izrael Hana Frajdla GRINDBERG 44 SKURECKI Icek 3 Herszel Rywka Laja BROZINICKI 45 GLIKSMAN Nachma 9 Gimpel Gela BALOGURSKI 46 KAUFMAN Mendel 6 Moszek Estera Rywka KALMUS 47 CHERSZKOPF Ryfka 9 Pinkus Frajdla Pesla LEMBERG 48 DIAMENT Icek 9 Nuta Laja KANTOR 49 MEDZIGURSKIMAN Ruchla 50 Chil Fanigla DZADKOW 50 BERGER Laja Chudes 6 Icek Cypa FURMANSKI 51 CHERSZTOK Lejbus 40 Gercek Sora Rwfka 52 SZMEGELSKI Szulim 19 Wigdor Hena 53 LADOWSKI Chawa 1 Szmul Fajwela PRCHEWECKI 54 CHRABERSKI Rajzla 1 Mosek Rachla CHILOWICZ 55 SZYDLOWSKI Alter 60 Dawid Pesla LEWKOWICZ 56 MORTYN Srul Lejzor 20 Herszel Rajzla Fajdl a SZASWICZ 57 WISNICKI Jukel 66 Herszel Cywa SOBKOWSKI 58 OGNEWICZ Jutka 9 Majer Sora NAJFELD 59 SZTERENSIS Gabriel 4 Boruch Fajgla RYKOSINSKI 60 SKROBACKI Icek 64 Abram Marya MOSKOW 61 BERKOWSKI Mindla 20 Wolf Necha Marya CHAJMOW 62 FISZEL Elja 50 Szmul Estera Gitla 63 BRANSZTETER Rajzla 20 Chercik Majtla RUMANOW 64 DIAMENT Chaim 1 Jankel Pifel RUMANOW 65 WAJCMAN Dyna 22 Majer Zlota WAJN 66 BILCHOWSKI Estera 50 Lejzor Fajdla Dyna DRUKARZ 67 ZEMEL Berek 3 Henoch Sora BELCZOWSKI 68 LIOBKA Perla 24 Gecel Sora Majtla GOLDBERG 69 FRYDMAN Icek 6 Hil Majer Estera TANDETNIK 70 SOLIOWICZ Josek 9 Pinkus Fajdla Dyna PISKOW 71 WAJCMAN Szandla 68 Majer Cartla AJZENBERG 72 BILCHEWSKI Pesla 2 Ajdzla Estera Hana BERENCWAJG 73 ZYNGER Estera 8 Mortek Laja FRYDMAN 74 MACHTYGER Szlama Ejzyk 2 Szmul Bajla ORBACH 75 DYZENGAUS Chaja Sora 2 Izrael Brandla LADOWSKI 76 KORMPEL Chana Gitla 26 Szlama Welga GORLICKI 77 GORLICKI Jakob Josek 3 Chaim Wolf Perls WILNER 78 MORTYN Pesla 5 Josek Sora CUKER 79 BLIOGRINT Mosek Josek 6 Izrael Dawid Ruchla 80 MYDLARZ Tobla 9 Kalma Alta ZELMAN 1879 - No t microfilmed 1880 1 BRAJTMAN Izrael 2 Majer Chaja 2 GARFINKEL Laja Szifr a 6 Szimon Marya MEDOWNIK 3 OTREMBA Brucha Laja 46 Markela Rajzla KRONENGOLD 54 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volum e 5, Number 4 Autumn 2001

4 WERNIK Lejzor 4 Aba Sora Laja SMETANK 5 RECHT Abram Moszek 68 Aron Berek Hana Ajdla 6 PLUCIENNIK Josek 80 Lejzor Laj b Liba Chaja 7 ZYNGER Chil 5 Chaim Poria ZYSMAN 8 LERNER RuchlaLaja 66 Kopel Brandla Etla KASZINSKI 9 BIRFAS Kalma 1 Mortka Berek Malka SMOLARZ 10 MYC Ira 5 Lejzor Ryfka 11 RECHTER Ryfka 1 Lejbus Gulcza GOLDSZTAJN 12 SZIDLOWSKI Ruchla Ita 56 Judka Bajla RUBINSZTAJN 13 LEWENRAJCH Abram Hersz 53 Ejzyk Cguwa KAUFMAN 14 BIRENBAUM Szmul Aron 30 Izrael Chaja Dyna JOSLOWICZ 15 GOLDSZTAJN Fajgla Laj a 6 Jankel Hana GORLICKI 16 ZILBERBERG Sora 30 Izrael Laja GUTMAN 17 LEWENSZTAJN Izrael 52 Nuchim Machla IZRAELOW 18 BIRENBAUM Gela 60 Berek Sora NOZIC 19 SZNYCER Frajda 70 Moszek Liba MONCARZ 20 ZAIONC Ida Lejb 9 Herszel Nisla 21 RUBINSZTAJN Basa 2 Aron Ryfka LEWKOWICZ 22 SKURA Szmul 64 Berek Sora WIERNIK 23 CHARBARSKI Abram 6 Moszek Rachla Sora CHILEWICZ 24 KWASNEWSKI Dyna 9 Lejzor Moszek Taubla SUKNIK 25 PODSTOLSKI Abram Moszek 4 Icek Ryfka FINKELSZTAJN 26 WAJNBERG/TOLPET Chaim Majer 2 Berek Szajndla Ryfk a MENTLIK 27 LERNER Yankel 70 Dawid Hana Rachla OTREMBA 28 CYMROT Chaja 40 Szimon Laja BAJTELMAN 29 OZEROWICZ Chaim Josek 3 Izrael Bajla BLUGRIND 30 WAJNGOLD Lejbus 1 Josek Blima GRYNSZPAN 31 TCHURZ Moszek 36 Zelman Rochla Laja GLAJD 32 TYZON Nyson 2 Chaim Gitla WISNICKI 33 BIRENBAUM Frajdla 60 Judka Brandla 34 ROZENBERG Ruchla 2 Majer Chaja Bajla 35 SZMULEWICZ Abram 2 Szmul Chaja Sora BAKALARZ 36 WAJNBERG Berek 35 Samsa Josek Marya SZMULEWICZ 37 BRZISKI Majer Chil 2 Jankel Jacheta GLAJD 38 GLAZMAN Brandla 75 Herszel Bajla WENDROWNIK 39 ZHMIDEK Szprinca 40 Gabriel Chaja Rochla SZTERENSIS 40 WINCIKSZTER Aron 3 Szachna Gitla BOCHMAJER 41 BORKOWSKI Wolf 56 Moszek Malka ZAIONC 42 WAJSBLAT Chaim 1 Fajwel Tauba Rajzla GLAZMAN 43 PASTERNAK Lejbus 78 Icek Estera 44 GURSKI Szmul 6 Judka Pesla KLARMAN 45 KESEL Nuchem 2 Szulim Etla WAJCMAN 46 MEDOWNIK Jankel 5 Fiszel Lajb Malka Fajgla SZYDLOWSKI 47 KAUFMAN Doba 4 Haskel Bajla NITKOW 48 BLANK Izrael 2 Szaja Sora Perla 49 WINCIKSZTER Izrael 1 Szachne Gitla BOCHMAJER 50 KLARMAN Lipa 1 Dawid Fajgla 51 LEWKOWICZ Zelman 2 Herszel Rajzla TARNOWSKI 52 WARSZAWSK1 Jankel 9 Szmerl Chaim Laja PASTERNAK 53 ZALUSKI Moszek Hersz 5 Chaim Jojna Wolca 54 GLAZMAN Manela 2 Szlama Frajdla MANELOWICZ 55 ROZENBERG Moszek 1 Monasze Mindla Chaja MENDROWSKI 56 APELBAUM Szija 3 Lejzor Czarka LIPMAN 57 FINKELSZTAJN Dawid 2 Uszer Rochla Welka SMOLARZ 58 CYNERMAN Rubin 8 Ejzyk Ajdla 59 REMBISZEWSKI Basa 58 Icek Malka LUPKOW 60 SZASWICZ Mindla 60 Moszek Brandla 61 HENIK Josek 2 Lejzor Ryfka EJZENBERG 62 ZLOTNIK Abram 9 Kalma Pejsach Chaja 63 OGNEWICZ Izrael 18 Lejbus Herszel Brandla MANELOWICZ 64 PERELMAN Malka Szajndla 2 Moszek Dawid Sora Brandla TEFLOWICZ 65 ELIASZEWICZ Wolf Lejzor 3 Herszel Rochla PACHCZARIK 66 LIBERMAN Majer Perenc 56 Herszel Sima 67 ELIASZEWICZ Aba 2 Ejzyk Ryfka FRYDMAN 68 LIS Szija 3 Hersz Lejb Fajgla Laja MAPPE Autumn 2001 Ktelce-Radom SIG Journal Volum e 5, Number 4 55

69 SZTROJWAJS Kopel 9 Majer Rochla PTASZNIK 70 RABYNOWICZ Moszek 8 Szrol Dyna 71 KAC Berek 2 Chaim Gitla SOBKOWSKI 72 SZYDLOWSKI Laja 2 Abram Icek Mirla ROZENCWAJG 73 ZELNI Chaja Perla 2 Josef Golda Laja KRAKOWSKI 74 JOSKOWICZ Gena 2 Moszek Sora Frajdla LIETKOWSKI 75 GORLICKI Szlama 1 Daniel Besr Brandla MOSZENBERG 76 GRYNBAUM Frajdla Basa 4 Lejbus Perla MENTLIK 77 GUTMAN Hana 2 Abram Icek Rochla WAJNRYB 78 CYNERMAN Hana Frajdla 4 Ejzyk Sora Gitla KOBILKOW 79 BUGAJSKI Naftula 1 Nuta Cejwa GORONCKI 80 GLAJT Estera Szajndla 1 Lejbus Kajla Laj a MYDLARZ 81 SZPILFOGEL WolfBoruch 19 Mortka Entela Bajla 82 MOSZENBERG Szajndla 1 Chaim Malka MINSKI 83 GROSBERG Mejlich Nusyn 8 Abram Icek Rochla ZLOTNIK 84 GOLDFARB Icek 2 Fiszel Hana HERSZKOWICZ 85 GERTNER Ryfka 1 Moszek Zisman Hana Cerla GUZY 86 SILBERBERG Lejzor 1 Berek Sora GERTNER 87 KANTOR Dawid 2 Wolf Udla OSSIA 88 GERTNER Ejnoch 66 Lejbus Dwojra 89 NAJFELD Sora 3 Josek Berek Marya Liba GOLDBERG 90 GOLDBERG Hana Gitla 2 Jukel Pinkus Chaja Paj a SZAJNFERB 91 LUKOWICZ Rochla 5 Majer Chaja Marya FLAUM 92 POTASZNIK Sora Rywa 2 Herszel Brandla HERSZBERG 93 BERGER Mortka 6 Pinkus Klara 94 ROZENBLAT Perla 30 Gabriel Frajdla BALOGURSKI 95 AJNSZEKER Jankel 2 Josel Ryfka Estera SOLARZ 96 ZRYCKI Kalma 6 Motel Dwojra KANDELCIKER 97 GDALEWICZ Fajgla 23 Abram Icek Dyna ORZACH 98 GERSZKOWICZ Chaja Perla 3 Herszel Sora Mindla WAJCMAN 99 GOLDBERG Gena Liba 2 Lejbus Kalma Chaja Dobra PERELMAN 100 PASTERNAK Jonas Berek 1 Jankel Ryfka WAJSBORT 101 WAJCMAN MalkaZelda 3 Wolf Cyrla GLIKSMAN 102 MORTKOWICZ Josek 11 Perenc Nacha BERKFRAJNT 103 EL1ASZEWICZ Ejzyk 60 Herszel Estera FRYDMAN 104 MORTIN Zelik 7 Jankel Ryfka ZELIKOWICZ 105 GUZY Ryfka Laj a 4 Szmul Bajla ZELAZOW 106 L1OPKA Ksyl 1 Szmul Hana 107 OSTROWECKI Majer 3 Machel Laja KNOBEL 108 SZTERN Jakob Josek 8 Jojna Chaja Cerla KAC 109 DAWIDOWICZ Czejwa 3 Mortka Rochla Laja FRIMERMAN 110 MORTIN Herszel 66 Icek Chula 111 MERSZAJN Jakob Moszek 7 Szlama Lqjca FRYDMAN 112 GORLICKI Frajdla 5 Nuchim Rochla ROTENBERG 113 ZAWADSKI Basa 2 Szmul Hersz Sora Laja MLOTKOW 114 TARNOWSKI Dawid Lejb 9 Erichem Ryfka 115 GELBORT Benjamin 1 Abram Hana BLANK 116 DYZENGAUS Icek 3 Chaim Blima ZONSZAJN 117 GOLDBERG Cyrla 2 Hercik Chaja Liba POTOK 118 BORSZEWSKI Herszel 1 Uryn Hena 119 ROZENCWAJG Rochla 1 Icek Szifra SZTRAUCH 120 SKURA Icek Szapsa 66 Wolf Hersz Idesa SZLEZONKOW 121 ZALCBERG Nacha 3 Sucher Hana GERTNER 122 MOSZENBERG Etla 1 Icek Ryfka TAJCHNER 123 STOPNICKI Hinda Rywa 7 Jankel Rochla AJDLER 124 FAJKARZ Lejbus 2 Nuchem Dawid Frimet WAJNBERG 125 BIRENCWAJG Maria Fajgla 2 Moszek Zisman Szajndla BILCZEWSKI 126 WARGON Chil 70 Fiszel Sora Ryfka PERELMAN 127 STOPNICKI Nuta 2 Jankel Rochla AJDLER 128 SZENKER Judka 2 Moszek Hana GUZY 129 KWASNEWSKI Mortka 2 Dawid Chaja Ruchla WARZAIGER 1881 1 DRUKARZ Lejzor 1 Dawid Rajzla 2 ZILBERBERG Szlama 70 Moszek Lejb Hana 3 WAJSBORF Szajndla 40 Abram Nuchem Sora MAJTLEWICZ 5b Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volum e 5, Number 4 Autumn 2001

4 ZYNGERMAN Mendel Lejbus 2 Chelma Alta SZERBA 5 CIEL Rykla 6 Lejbus Machla MOSZENBERG 6 BOGUCHWAL Berek 1 Aron Liba SOLOWICZ 7 MUNCZNIK Noech 3 Szulim Dyna JOSKOWICZ 8 ROZENCWAJG Golda 54 Josek Estera LIBERMAN 9 WAJNBERG Wulf 20 Zelman Hinda Laja FEFER 10 GOLDBERG Szulim 60 Boruch Rajzla Hana 11 HERSZKOWICZ Froim 87 Nusyn Szajndla 12 ROZENBERG Josek Jokel 2 Icek Sora Gitla SZAJN 13 WIERNIK Mirla 5 Moszek Syma BUGAJSKI 14 SZLENCKI Ryfka 6 Zelman Zlota 15 TCHURZH Rywka 60 Wigdor Laja SMALICH 16 OSELKA Tobia 6 Szlama Estera Szasza ZYNBERG 17 URFIS Itla 60 Josek Gela LENDER 18 BOAK Uryn 5 Wolf hana DZABA 19 SZTARCH Rajzla 4 Szimon Hana 20 EJZYKOWICZ Perla 70 Josek Sora MUROCWIC 21 ROZEN Dawid 54 Nusyn Kajla LEWICOW 22 CHARC Gena Frimeta 40 Izrael Abram Rochla 23 LUPKA Nechuma 4 Rachmil Chaja Ryfk a GOLDBERG 24 WAJNTROB Abram 56 Boruch Hana 25 MANDEL Urys 18 Jukel Malka GEBROWICZ 26 TCHURZ Rochla Laja 63 Moszek Majta GLAJT 27 RAJZMAN Frimeta 46 Aba Krandla PODETOLSKI 28 MILLER Estera 3 Moszek Fajgla Mindla OPATOWSKI 29 BOTZ Izrael Szmul 60 Lejzor Itla 30 LUPKA Josl 1 Rachmil Chaja Ryfk a GOLDBERG 31 KLARMAN Zysla 9 Szmelka Hana CHAMEROW 32 FERSZTER Hinda Laja 5 Moritz Joachim Klara NOWAK 33 GORLICKI Chaim Fajwel 86 Szlama Chaja 34 RAKOWSKI Chaja 1 Szimon Icek Blima ABEL 35 FRYDMAN Perla Ryfka 80 Majer Nacha WAJL 36 KANICKI Estera 70 Bajrich Hana WAJNRAJCH 37 BLANK Gela 4 Kalma Jacheta 38 BERLINSKI Dawid 1 Moszek Elja Gitla SZYDLOWSKI 39 KAUFMAN Majer 70 Moszek Temera 40 GOTLIB Jakob Chemia 4 Majer Tauba ORBACH 41 DZADEK Moszek 3 Josek Majer Hana KLAJNMAN 42 JAKUBOWICZ Poltyel 1 Szulim Hana MASARZ 43 BORKOWSKI Hersz Lejb 22 Wolf Nacha Mirla CHILEWICZ 44 ZAJT Lejbus 1 Izrael Abram Sora LEWKOW 45 BACHAR1R Cipora 21 Pinkus Malka ZINENBERG 46 KANAREK Josek Gdalja 5 Mortka Malka MOSZKOWICZ 47 WAJSBLAT Alter 1 Henoch Elja Ruchla KRZENSKI 48 MOSZENBERG Tabla 6 Jankel Marya Cyka MANDELCWAJG 49 BULWA Icek Josek 20 Kalma chaja NOZIC 50 STOPNICKI Laja 29 Szaja Hinda Rajzla ZONSZAJN 51 GUTMAN Dawid 3 Chaim Dwojra ZELENBAUM 52 NAPARSTEK Frajdla 44 Jakob Judka Macha LIS 53 SZTERENFELD Mirla 66 Lipa Poria ZYSMAN 54 ZAIONC Wulf Berek 5 Moszek Mendel LIBA Chaja PICEL 55 RUBIN Hersz Lejpa 4 Moszek Rojza NAPARSTIK 56 KWASNEWSKI Uryn 7 Ejzyk Basa Rajcla KASZERMAN 57 ZLOTA none 1 Szlama Josek Krajndla Cwina KUPERSZLID 58 TARKELTAUB Lejbus 7 Jankel Kjendla KAMINSKI 59 LEMBERG Abram 7 Jankel Hana KAUFMAN 60 ERLICH Paltyel 5 Jema Idesa KWASNEWSKI 61 CHOCHERMAN Brucha 3 Chaim Gnendla GOLDBERG 62 ROTENBERG Chaja 24 Gdalya Gitla PRAJS 63 FUKS Nusyn 1 Majer Bajla JOSKOWICZ 64 SKURA Josek Lejzor 6 Aron Lana MENTLIK 65 KANTOR Icek Berek 7 Gerszon Sora Brandla GORLICKI 66 WOLMAN Ruchla 65 Lipa Estera RYCARZ 67 MOSZKOWICZ Malka 2 Moszek Rochla ELIASZEWICZ 68 KORMIJAN Izrael 2 Abram Krajndla Cwina KONICKI Autumn 2001 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volume 5,Number 4 57

69 GLAZMAN Herszel 56 Lejb Sora 70 GELBORD Dawid 1 Lejb Estera MLYNARCZIK 71 GUZY Mandza 1 Dawid Fajgla Mindla GOLDBERG 72 JOSKOWICZ Szmul Zejlik 1 Nusyn Sora WICNICKI 73 KUKELKA Rochla 23 Arja Marya Fajgla TCHURZ 74 CHILEWICZ Rochma 60 Izrael Abram Blima Itla 75 MEDOWNIK Moszek 75 Fiszel Lejb Bajla DZURA 76 SMALY Lejbus 50 Lejbus Malka 77 LISTGARTEN Brandla 20 Herszel Perla GOLDBERG 78 GLIKSMAN Izrael 83 Lejbus Rochla MYDLARZ 79 SWICZARCZIK Fiszel 40 Szlama Chaja 80 MOSZKOWICZ Estera 70 Jakub Rachla SZTRUM 81 OSSIA Elija 4 Jojna Krucz? HERSZLEWICZ 82 ZYNGER Gecel 6 Chaim Perla ZYSMAN 83 PAGOREK Bajla 2 Nuta Majer Ryfka CIEL 84 FEFER Icek 40 Herszel Chaja Mirla 85 ZILBERBERG Aron 68 Lejbus Manela Rajzla GOLDMAN 86 DYZENGAUS Lejb Hersz 1 Izrael Brandla GOLDLIST 87 CHMIELNICKI none Ejzyk Mirla SMALY 1882 1 LIS Jochena 64 Lewek Chudesa ABELEWICZ 2 RUBIN Chawa 3 Malek Rajza NAPARSTEK 3 KUKELKA Szimon Wulf 6 Boruch Sura Laja MALY 4 ZONSZAJN Brandla 50 Majer Mortkowicz 5 GOLDFRYD Perla 7 Pinkus Etla Laja BRUM 6 FRYDENZON Dawid 3 Majer Malka MENTLIK 7 GUZY Pesla Chaja 22 Majer Ruchla JICARZ 8 SZYDLOWSKI Majtla 74 Wolf Estera 9 ZONSZAJN Chinda Rajzla 56 Szmul Gitla GYK? 10 SMIETANA Rywka Laja 1 Icek Cyrla ABARNIK 11 BEKER Mindla Chaja 1 Moszek Szandla Ryfka ZMIDEK 12 ZAJD Fajgla 1 Izrael Pesla 13 GOLDSZTAJN Blima Doba 3 Jankel Hana GORLICKI 14 TERTELTAUB Izrael 60 Kalma Hana 15 FINKELSZTAJN Uszer 2 Sana Rajzla ZON? 16 MLYNARCZIK Itla 17 MIODOWNIK Glikla 22 Majer Kiwa Rajza SKURKA 18 SZTRAUCH Jukel 1 Haskel Ryfka Laj a WISLICKI 19 SKURA Josek Berek 1 Lejbus Hana OGNEWICZ 20 KASZA Kajla 20 Jankel Estera SILBERBERG 21 SZYDLOWSKI Lejbus 70 Mordka Estera 22 STOPNICKI Udla Dina 70 Lejb Herszel Hindla SZERBA 23 CHENCINSKI Mortka 1 Fajwel Cypa BUCHMAER 24 WYGODNY Icek 2 Szmul Jakob Sora EJZENBERG 25 GOLDFERD Laja 50 Lejbus Rajzla KACZINSKI 26 SOLARZ Jochen 9 Moszek Josek Sora TASMA 27 SZTRUMPF Estera 27 Fiszel Hana Pesla 28 SOLNIK Gitla Basa 3 Jankel Hana ZILBERBERG 29 BLANK Gitla 80 Rubin Tabla Mala BRUM 30 KLARMAN Malka Szprinca 8 Chaim Icek Chaja ASPIS 31 SMOLARZ Herszel 6 Mortka Gesla FUKS 32 LAMET Cywa 20 Josek Jukel Hana RUMANOW 33 SKURA Lejbus Maje r 1 Icek Certla MARAULIS 34 ORZECH Abram 60 Dawid Estera Rywka 35 PRZENDZA Szimon 2 Zelik Blima SZAJBER 36 LEWKOWICZ Sura 56 Judka Nacha MAPPA 37 GLIKSMAN Chaja 2 Riszla Tamerla 38 PLUCIENNIK Estera 80 Szmul Laja LEJBERMAN 39 LEWENRAJCH Rajza Malka 7 Elja Wicza LORIA 40 GOLDLIST Abram Pinkus Dawid Dwojra LEWKOWICZ 41 KOSSOWSKI Gitla 2 Moszek Malka LEWKOWICZ 42 ZRYCKI Josek Berek 1 Icek Lejbus Bajla KNELER 43 FIRSZTENBERG Frajdla 6 Aron Hana FERSZTENBERG 44 TASMA Izrael 6 Jakob Judka Ginla Mirla BUCHERMAN 45 SZTORCH Frajga 3 Samson Marya ZILBERSZTAJN 58 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volum e 5, Number 4 Autumn 2001

46 MERSZAJN Fajwel 1 Szlama Loca FRYDMAN 47 NIRENBERG Limet 4 Abram Dyna BRUMAN 48 BORUCH Rajzla 1 Simcha Cypa BULWA 49 ADLER Szmul Dawid 1 Jankel Tauba DZURA 50 KAUFMAN Icek Lejbus 6 Jankel Aron Hinda BLOCH 51 ZELAZNIK Zelig 76 Moszek Hana GERTNER 52 SOLARZ Izrael 3 Moszek Josek Sora TASMA 53 MASARZ Zelik 3 Kalma Frajda Laj a MANDEL 54 SOLARZ Chaskel 6 Moszek Josek Sora TASMA 55 PAGUREK Herszel 3 Szmul Haskel Sora 56 SKURECKI Rajzla 6 Herszel Rywka LIS 57 DZURA Moszek 76 Abel Ita 58 OWSANY Herszek 2 Mortka Frimeta GRYNSZPAN 59 BERKRA RyfkaLaja 4 Pinkus Klara 60 KLAJNER Estera Sura 1 Majer Kiwa Golda LEWENRAJCH 61 SWICZARCZIK Nusyn 5 Manela Malka CYMROT 62 MYDLARZ Fajgla 2 Jojna Bajla DZURA 63 FELEGER Chaim Wulf 65 Abram Mirla 64 FELEGER Chaim Wulf 56 Abram Mirla 65 ZAIONC Majer Fiszel 9 Hersz Fajwel Ruchla MORTYN 66 KAUFMAN Estera 75 Lipa Laja POPER? 67 LEMESZNIK Pesla 2 Wolf Bajla CYMRANT 68 CHMIELNICKI Tajbla 5 Manela Szajndla JAROS 69 MIKULOWSKI Rojza 70 70 DZURA Myrla 60 Wolf Margumes 71 WAJNGOLT Gitla 2 Josek Blima GRYNSZPAN 72 MILLER Rywka 86 Zelik Laja FAERSZTAJN 73 SLEDZIONKA Moszek Jakob 8 Ejzyk Fajgla ULKOWSKI 74 BURSZTYN Tauba Chaja 80 Jakob Srul Estera WULFOWICZ 75 SAPSIEWICZ Chinda 75 Efroim Chaja PASTERNAK 76 STOPNICK1 Fiszel 1 Lejzor Sora PRAWER 77 FIRSZTENBERG Sura Szandla 30 Fiszel Mindla BALEK 78 APELSZTAJN Abram 7 Nusyn Estera BULWA 79 ZRYCKI Rywka 68 Josek Pesla JOSKOWICZ 80 GOLDBERG Szlama 73 Jakob Chaja 81 ELENCWAJG Abram 9 Gabriel Chaja PLEKOWSKI 82 ICKOWICZ Rachla 70 Chesela Sura STOPNICKI 83 MAPPA Mosiek Dawid 21 Jakob Mindla KRAKOWSKI 84 GOLDSZTAJN Hana Rachla 23 Gimpel Mindla GUTMAN 85 KLARMAN Fajgla 30 Chil Ajdla 86 LEDERMAN Drejzla 9 Herszel Rajzla 87 SWICZARCZIK Ruchla Laja 1 Manasze Sora 88 BALOWONS Sora 1 Abram Pesla SWICZARCZIK 89 NYGUS Majtla 70 Dawid Rajzla WARSZAWSKI 90 BYK Kalma 3 Alter Sora Rajzla MENTLIK 91 PISKURZ Eliasz 76 Fiszel Chuna Laja CHALM 92 ZYSMAN Gitla Basa 60 Herszel Liba SZTERENFELD 93 TZENSKI Rubin 50 Szmul Haskel Machela 94 LUFTSZPRINGER Kalma 1 Herszel Brandla 95 SZYDLOWSKI Lejbus 4 Chaim Hersz Pesla Chaja JOSKOWICZ 1883 1 GOLDFARB Chaja Bajla 60 Lejbus Rywka 2 AURBACH Mendel 29 Moszek Rajzla 3 KANTOR Moszek 36 Machel Jankel Bajla ZAGAJSKI 4 SZAJN Alter Chil 66 Jojsef Fajgla Basa 5 MEDZIOGURSKI Chesel 3 Hil Jakob Tauba 6 WAJCMAN Josek 7 Abram Cejwa ROZENBERG 7 FRYDMAN Hana Rajzla 1 Haskel Hinda WISNICKI 8 GUTMAN Poltyel 3 Chema Wolf Mrya Mindla SOBKOWSKI 9 PASTERNAK Estera 2 Jankel Rywka BAJSBORT 10 TROZENSKA Szmul Josek 20 Rubin Cejwa SOKOWICZ 11 TEMPELCHOF Sora 1 Jakob Rubin Blima KESSEL 12 MYDLARZ Cymla 1 Majlich Gitla GUZY 13 CIECERSKI Abram Josek 35 Wolf Gitla ZAIONC 14 ZELAZNIK Chaja 80 Herszel Poria GOLDSZTAJN Autumn 2001 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volum e 5, Number 4 59

15 GRANEK Szia 65 Ezra Idesa IZROL 16 SWICZARCZIK Wigdor 90 Icek Liba WARSZAWSKI 17 WALDBERG Bencian 1 Chaim Hersz Doba 18 TORGOWNIK Wulf 4 Mosek Rykla MINSKI 19 KESEL Hana Bajla 56 Izrael Chaja Hindla TCHURZ 20 CIEL Godel 66 Icek Itla 21 LUBEK Malka 1 Rachmil Chaja Rywka GOLDBERG 22 PASTERNAK Mosek 36 Herszel Pessa 23 FUKS Tauba 50 Majer Brandla Chaja STRUZ 24 KLAJMAN Kalma 70 Lejbus Blima 25 WAJNSZTOK Fajwel 60 Iser Bajla 26 CHMIELNICKI Mindla Chaja 11 Manela Szajndla JAROS 27 TAUBENBLAT Chil 5 Mosek Wolf Bina WAJCMAN 28 SZTERENZIS Hana 40 Majer Estera IGELNIK 29 WAJNRAJCH Berek 26 Chaim Dawid Dina PRAJS 30 PTASZNIK Hana Sora 56 Kalma Laja NOWAK 31 KAMPF Maria 9 Zelman Rajzla CZARNECKI 32 BRZISKI Manela 74 Chaim Zisla BRZISKI 33 LIBERMAN Majer Icek 76 Szmul Laja 34 BERKOWICZ Alter 9 Nuchym Hana • MOSZENBERG 35 KACZINSKI Sora 60 Lejbus Fajgla 36 BRZISKI Pia 70 Lejbus Brandla 37 NAPARSTEK Icek 3 Wolf Sora SYLMAN 38 LEWENSZTAJN Chinda 30 Jaker Liba TORGOWNIK 39 JACARZ Efroim 67 Majer Szmul Ruchla Basa SOLNIK 40 KLARMAN Hersz Machel 5 Chaim Icek Chaja Laj a ASPIS 41 GOLDSZTAJN Chanina 75 Chaim Czarka 42 GOLDBERG Hercik 55 Mosek Frajdla PALGOCH 43 DIAMENT Maria 45 Chil Mirla MUREK 44 CIECERSKI Abram 60 Szlama Malka CHAJN 45 GLAJT Hersz Nusyn 44 Mosek Estera Malka MOSEK 46 TORGOWNIK Jankel 9 Mosek Hersz Rochla KALMOWICZ 47 SOLARZ Hana Gitla 50 Mosek Marya Mindla LEWENSZTAJN 48 OCHOWITA Estera Sora 9 Izrael Jankel Masza ROZENFELD 49 GDALEWICZ Fajgla 80 Kalma Hana 50 ROZEZNICKI Bendet 45 Ejnoch Gitla LEWEK 51 KWASNEWSKI Szandla 1 Szimcha Sura KRYSTAL 52 STOWARSKI Szandla 60 Szmul Marya Mindla PASTERNAK 53 WAJNGARTEN Mendel Dawid 9 Lejbus Sora KORFUCH 54 WLOCH Josek 9 Zelman Gitla BRUM 55 BAUM Chinda 60 Chaim Malka AJZEN 56 SZULMAN Pesla 66 Mosek Gela BLANK 57 KOCHEN Chaja Mala 6 Szmerl Hana Blima ROTER 58 GUTMAN Gimpel 65 Chaim Zlota 59 ORZECH Icek Dawid 3 Hersz Laja LAJTMAN 60 BURSZTYN Etla Brandla 9 WolfOjzer Dyna CZARNY 61 FELCMAN Nesa Myrla 6 Mosek Haskel Frimeta SZTAUCH 62 PYWKO Fajwel Szaj a 3 Izrael Gitla MOSZENBERG 63 WAJNRYB Bajla 5 Wolf Lejbus Rajzla Laj a PASTERNAK 64 RUBINSZTAJN Szmul 3 Suchel Chenca MACHTYGER 65 RYDELNIK Boruch 9 Icek Rywka SZLACHTER 66 SZTERENFELD Szaja 1 Herszel Poria ZISMAN 67 KORENBLUM Laja 5 Herszel Brandla BRAJTMAN 68 MENTLIK Tauba Basa 6 Szmul Jakob Hana DIAMENT 69 GOLDRUT Alter 69 Herszel Cylka LEJBUSOW 70 NUTKOWICZ Zlata Hana 46 Mortka Lejzor Szajndla SANDAL 71 GORLICKI Wolca 69 Lejbus Szajndla Gitla SLEDZUNEK 72 WIERNIK Dyna 20 Majer Frajda BERKFRAJND 73 WAJNBERG Majta 24 Szaja Czarka KASZERMAN 74 OSSIA Chawa 60 Aron Laja 75 MALICKI Szlama Pinkus 2 Jankel Liba Gnendla SZINDELKEPF 76 ROZENFARB Fajgla Myrla 1 Haskel rywka EGER 77 CIESMOWICZ Chaja Ruchla 60 Pinkus Hana 78 ROZENCWAJG Szprinca 8 Wolf Ruchla PRAJS 79 ZAIONC Josek 50 Izrael Sora Liba FISZLOWICZ OU Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volum e 5, Number 4 Autumn 2001

80 GOLDSZTAJN Frajda 70 Lejzor Dwojra LECHTSZTERN 81 FISZLEWICZ Izrael 56 Majer Fiszel Gela JOSKOWICZ 82 WISNICKI Szimon 46 Josek Lejb Pesla CHMIELNICKI 83 SIECZKOWSKI Golda 60 Lejbus Frimeta SZASWICZ 84 FEDERMAN Chaja Laja 4 Mortka Lejzor Hana MIODOWNIK 85 MEDZIOGURSKI Rochla 1 Alter Marya Mindla CHMIELNICKI 86 HERSZKOWICZ Rochla 5 Nusyn Sora NIAK? 87 NYGUS Cyrla 30 Dawid Rajzla Laj a WARSZAWSKI 88 PASTERNAK Gytla 70 Lejbus Brandla ZILBERSZTAJN 89 BRANDSZTETER Szandla 20 Hercek Majtla OPATOWSKJ 1884 1 NAPARSTEK Wulf 29 Lipa Hana Fajgla GRANEK 2 FRYDMAN Abram Hersz 1 Berek Brandla RECHTMAN 3 PLUCIENNIK Golda 1 Berek Hana Laja ROZENCWAJG 4 TANDETNIK Mirla 82 Dawid Gitla BULWA 5 BEKERMAN Perenc 40 Szaja Frimeta JACARZ 6 GROJS Efroim 2 Szaja Brandla KUFER 7 LIS Liba 9 Icek Sucher Chawa WARSZAWSKI 8 BRANTSZTETER Szifra 3 Urys Paja KATERINARZ 9 KOULOMB Hersz Lejb 60 Wolf Bajla 10 MENDROWSKI Lejbus 66 Izrael Czarka ZANDEL 11 CIEL Paja 3 Hersz Lejbus Rywka TENENBAUM 12 PASTERNAK Dawid 53 Wolf Dobra 13 GABRYLOWICZ Lejbus 7 Alter Rochla LEWKOWICZ 14 BORSZEWSKI Majer 9 Judka Cylka OKOWITA 15 PODETOLSKI Icek 42 Szulim Zelda 16 KUKIOLKA Lejzor 8 Boruch Sora MALY 17 KOSSOWSKI Abram Josek 9 Moszek Hersz Malka LEWKOWICZ 18 CHMIELNICKI Abram 3 Manela Szajndla JAROS 19 GOLDLIST Ajdla Rywa 2 Dawid Dwojra Blima LURBERBLAT 20 NAPARSTEK Josek 1 Wolf Sora SYLMAN 21 GUZY Icek Wulf 26 Zelman Cylka Itla RABINOWICZ 22 BLANK Szandla Pesla 40 Szmul Marya Rajzla KAC 23 CIEL Fajgla 70 Hersz Lejbus Itla 24 STAWARSKI Brandla Kaj la Marya OTAWARSKI 25 GOTLYB Lejb Icek 4 Majer Tauba AURBACH 26 LISER Symcha 57 Szmul Iser Rochla 27 POLKER Gitla Laja 1 Hersz Marya DZIABA 28 SOLIOWICZ Fajgla 55 Lejbus Kajla Rochla URYNOW 29 ROZENCWAJG Czarna 9 Icek Sucher Szifra 30 GORLICKI Liba 70 Herszel Rajzla Laja KRAWEC 31 SOBKOWSKI Malka 66 Icek Sora Chajla GONSKI 32 LIBER Symcha 9 Kalma Poria WAJNBERG 33 WARSZAWSKI Szmul 74 Hersz Margulis Laja DOMBROWSKI 34 GLIKSMAN Laja 4 Hersz Gela BALOGURSKI 35 PASTERNAK Szandla 2 Josek Lejb Blima NOZIC 36 MILLER Herszel Besr 60 Wolf Klara FRAJTMAN 37 GELBURT Laja 9 Abram Majtla 38 BLITENTAL Fajwel 4 Abel Nacha PAGUREK 39 WARSZAWSKI Gitla 76 Hersz Blima FRYDMAN 40 IGELNIK Jukel 80 Nuta Rochla 41 PODOLSKI Abram Aron 40 Juma • Rochl a BERKFRAJND 42 GITLIN Abram Icek 6 Zimel Chaja SZYDLOWECKI 43 KRAKOWER Rywka 20 Jankel Sora Bajla IGELMAN 44 GORLICKI Menka 7 Szlama Chaja 45 DZYURA Mortka 83 Sender Rochla LEDERMAN 46 MAPPA Frajdla 28 Hersz Josek Chawa LANDO 47 GOLDFARB Abram 56 Szimon Malka ARCHIT 48 ZAIONC Szmul 20 Hersz Fajwel Rochla MORTYN 49 KWASNEWSKI Szandla 6 Dawid Chaja Rochla WAJZAJGER 50 SKRZYOWSKI Szia 29 Abram Gitla 51 BULWA Kalma 44 Szimcha Bajla Dwojra 52 ZILBERMAN Herszel 46 Fajwel Rochla SUKNIK 53 DIAMENT Brandla 1 Nuta Rajzla Laj a TORGOWNIK 54 LANDAU Chaim Gerszon 27 Szaja Fiszel Zlota Autumn 2001 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volume5, Number 4 61

55 AJZENBERG Jankel 3 Mendel Majtla TRZECHADEK 56 ORZECH Rochla 6 Lejzor Hana Sora LIS 57 BALOGURSKI Gabriel 83 Hersz Ajdla 58 NOZIC Hana Sura 9 Nusyn Zlota 59 TEFLOWICZ Majtla 66 Zajwel Hana Liba MORTYN 60 WAJNBERG Rachla 73 Lejbus Rajzla Laj a KOCLOMB 61 WALDBERG Abram Icek 4 Moszek Rachla JAKUBOWICZ 62 CYTRYNBAUM Ita Laja 9 Szmerl Hana BOGUCHWAL 63 ZALCMAN Abram 6 Icek Szaj a Hana GUTMAN 64 WUICIKOWICZ Dawid 4 Icek Gitla WAJNGARTEN 65 CHELFMAN Kiwa 5 Herszel Hana ROZENCWAJG 66 FRYDMAN Chenca 1 Haskel Estera WISNICKI 67 MERSZAJN Sora Rywka 1 Szlama Luca FRYDMAN 68 KOSSOWSKI Nusyn Dawid 60 Fiszel Liba DOMBROWSKI 69 ZRYCK1 Sora Rywka 1 Lejzor Liba OGNEWICZ 70 MEDZIOGURSK1 Rajzla 1 Haskel Rajzla ROZENCWAJG 71 ZELACNIK Tauba Basa 1 Moszek Rajzla CYMROT 72 GOLDSZTAJN Szulim Berek 7 •Efroim Cypa CHENIK 73 GORLICK1 Szmelka 2 wolf Chaja Perla WILNER 74 GORLICKI Ejzyk 1 Nuchym Rochla ROTENBERG 75 SMETANA Chawa 1 Szmul Rywka 76 HERSZKOWICZ Wulf 9 77 PRZEWORSKI Estera 2 Jakob Marya MILLER 78 GORLICKI Ruchla 7 Kopel Rywka PRAWER 79 STASZOWSKI Estera Gitla 9 Aron Sora TANDETNIK 80 WAJSBORT Szmul Fiszel 62 Josek Berek Jacheta 81 FRYDMAN Hana Mirla 2 Petrouch? Rochla FELEGER 82 EJZENBERG Sora Paja 1 Fiszel Gitla KAUFMAN 83 JOSKOWICZ Frajdla 30 Jojzepf Bajla MIODOWNIK 84 APELSZTAJN Nusyn 3 Rubin Dawid Dwojra MANDELCWAJG 85 GURGEL Chaja Sur a 1 Chaim Marya APELBAUM 86 GRYNBAUM Frajda 55 Abram Sora OKOWITA 87 GLIKSMAN Aron 4 Dawid Chawa MOSZENBERG 88 FROCHTMAN Rywka 60 Chaim Hersz Brandla 89 PEPROZ Rachla 70 Moszek Sora GOLDBLUM 90 JAROS Abram 6 Manela Etla KLARMAN 91 RYNSKI Rochla 1 Jankel Estera JUTRZ1SKJ 92 OBERNIK Ejnoch 66 Chaim Sura NUTOWICZ 93 TASMA Szmul 80 Izrael Sora WIERN1K 94 HERSZKOWICZ Sender 6 Herszel Rajzla WUICIKOWICZ 95 ZELACNIK Poria Cylka Kalma Fajgla Chawa WAJNCAFT 96 SZTRUM Abram Mortka 5 Izrael Laj b Frimeta FRYDMAN 97 KLAJNCHENDLER Hersz Jukel 1 Abram Blima KERSZENBAUM 98 BIRENBAUM Frajda 1 Uryn Bina MINSK1 99 ROTENBERG Jacheta 63 Jankel Hendla 100 EPSZTAJN Fajgla Dwojr a 30 Herszel Laja Rajzl a FEFER 101 NAJMAN Golda 6 Dawid Bajla Marya PLUCIENNIK 102 SZAJBER Tobiasz 3 Ksyl Malka MILLER 103 MILLER Lejbus 78 Abram Ruchla Welka 104 GOLDLIST Izrael 62 Boruch Ruda 105 ZRYCKI Boruch Dawid Icek Lejbus Hana Bajla K1SLER 106 ZAIONC Juma 49 Judka Cyrla MYDLARZ 107 FRYDMAN Herszel 2 Abram Kajla FRYMERMAN 108 CAPA Szmul 84 Kalma Ita MOSZKOW 62 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volum e 5, Number 3 Summer 2001

Opoczno Births 1848-185 1

Surname First Name Father profession Age Mother Mother surname Age Location 184# 8 1 P1NKUROWICZ Pinkus Kielman garbarz 24 Laja DYBOWSKI 20 wies Wielka Wola 2 BERLINER Israel Mortka Rubin handlarz 33 Laja ZAMISKOWSKI 32 wies" Gielniow 3 L1SKOWICZ Berek Herszla wyrobnik 24 Rojzla GOLDBERG 18 wieé Gielniow 4 ZYNGER Tauba Izrael muzykant 30 Rejla LEWI 24 Opoczno 5 LENGA Szmul Dawid Izrael handlarz 20 Ruchla BIKERMAN 18 wies" Gielniow 6 GOLD Mosiek Hersz Szlama nauczycie 24 Malka SWARTZMAN 23 O 7 CIARNES Zlota Hersz Josek krawiec 20 Frajdla BAND 21 O 8 GROSBERG Tauba Judka handlarz 26 Giela GOLDBERG 21 O 9 SZWARTZBERG Sura Eliasz wyrobnik 25 Laja DERESZ 30 wieâ Odrzywol? 10 KIERSZENTCWAIG Mosiek Herszla gospardaz 33 Nachma MARKOWICZ 25 wieé Wielka Wola 11 PLAT Jankiel Herszla wyrobnik 30 Szandla Hana HERSZTAJN 21 miasto Drzewica 12 FAJFER Faiga Ita Wolf piekarz 50 Laja HERTSZTAJN 36 wieé Gielniow 13 MORTKOWICZ Haim Benjamin posiadacz mlyn 65 Ruchla Bina ROZENCWA1G 50 O 14 WAJDLER Slama Herszla handlarz 38 Cyrla MOSKOWICZ 35 O 15 FLIGELMAN Berek Dawid piekarz 42 Hana Feijga LUFTMAN 36 wieé Mroczkow 16 ZYLBERBERG Abram Mejlich Lejbus - 26 Zyszla GRYNWALD 24 O 17 FRYDLENDER Majer Dawid krawiec 24 Hinda RELZYLBACH 22 wies Ralzica 18 CYGLER Hinda Nojech wyrobnik 21 Cypra - 20 O 19 ABZATZ Dawid Abram furman 48 Sura Nacha - 48 miasto Drzewica 20 BATAWIA Haim Mendel Mojzesz spekulant 35 Zysla - 35 O 21 •TURKIEWICZ Abram Kaszyel Mosiek wyrobnik 61 Cyrla HERSZKOWICZ 36 O 22 BALDWIN Haim Lewek gospodarz 22 Cypra WEJNMAN 24 Kolonia Stanislawow 23 GOLDBERG Hana Pesja Baruch wyrobnik 25 Sura MILSZTAJN 20 wieâ Gielniow 24 MOSKOWICZ Mosziek Laib Gerszon krawiec 21 Sura Faiga - 23 Kolonia Stanislawow 25 GOLDBERG Majer Jankiel gospardarz 33 Haja - 26 wies Janikowice 26 GRUNDMAN Haska Gitla Szyia gospardarz 24 Mirla? - 22 Kolonia Stanislawow 27 CZEMBERG Leybus Fiszel Jankiel gospardarz 24 Dwojra Perla - 20 Kolonia Stanislawow 28 KROL Isick Szulim Moziek handlarz 23 Ryfka WAJMAN 20 O 29 WAGENSZPERG Josek Mendel Judka - 20 Frajdla - 20 O 30 GOLDSZMIC Borusz Mordka Izrael krawiec 32 Sura Ryfka - 31 O 31 EJZMAN Laja Avram wyrobnik 42 Rojza - 32 wies Gielniow 32 LENGA Rajzla Laj a Hajm Mendel przemysl 20 Szosi? KOCHAN 20 miasto Odrzywol 33 BERKOWICZ Herszla Pinkus wyrobnik 30 Sura - 22 wies Purlkowie 34 KIRSZBAUM Berek Herszla malarz 21 Bajla NAJBERGER 21 O 35 LEWI Hawa Icek Jacob krawiec 26 Bajla GINGOLD 26 O 36 KATZ Frajdla Beniamin krawiec 24 Bayla BURAK 24 O 37 GAJGER Abram Haja piekarz 40 Nacha HERSZKOWICZ 36 O 38 KATZ (twins ) Gitla/Itta Abram wyrobnik 60 Hana BINDER 40 O 39 CHLOPSK1 Avram Dawid Moziek piekarz 45 Laja - 24 wies Wygnanow 40 PRAJZES Hana Laja Moszka faktor 24 Nacha GAWRYCH 27 O 41 WALMAN Sura Jankiel pachciarz 36 Perla - - wies Zamazdi 42 WAJZBAUM Icek Jona wyrobnik 25 Hana ROZENFARB 22 miasto Bialobrzegi 43 WROBLEWSKI Israel Zelman Izrael (dec.) krawiec 36 Faiga - 26 O 44 SZRABSZTAJN Aron Jeremiaz Majer wyrobnik 32 Faiga AVROMOWICZ 46 O 45 GOTESMAN Rojza Pessa Moziek Wolf handlarz 21 Jochwet B1LANDER 20 O 46 ZAMARKOWSKJ Pinkus Abbe? kramarz 35 Hana Bajla KRINIGIEL 32 O 47 EJCHLER Moziek Jakob czapnik 35 Haja Sura LUFTMAN 31 O 48 LEWI Hawa WolfLajb zegarmistrz 29 Sura JERKOWICZ 28 O 49 MARKOWICK1 Josek Herz Szmuel Lajzer - 30 Ester Gitla - 25 O 50 ABZATZ Dawid Abram - 42 Sura - 42 miasto Drzewica 51 BLACZEROWICZ Zelik Josek gospardaz 26 Sura NISBAUM 20 Kolonia Stanislawow 52 KURANT Icek lzraelim piekarz 26 Hinda RUTERSKI 25 miasto Drzewica 53 GRYNSZPAN Herszla Aron handlarz 35 Szandla HERSZKOWICZ 30 wies Gielniow 54 GOLD Zelig Natan wyrobnik 38 Tauba - 34 O 55 GILZNER Nusyn Icek krawiec 30 Hana MOSKOWICZ 30 O 56 LIPLING Abram Mosiek Lajbus kramarz 63 Szandla Malka WAJNBERG 34 O 57 ROZEMBAUM Ryfka Lajzor zegarmistrz 61 Hana Ruchla CHEMIELNICK1 30 0 Summer 2001 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volum e 5, Number 3 63

58 FUS Sura Ryfka Abram handlarz 35 Haja Ruczla 25 0 59 ROZENTZWAIG Moziek Mosiek Lajb deceased 24 Haja Mindla GOLDSZMIC 20 0 60 MILSZTAJN Mosiek deceased - Gitla . wies Weilka Wola 61 GELBARD Rachmiel Dan Lajbus handlarz 36 Bajla Faiga CRYZIMSKI 20 miasto Drzewica 62 HERSZTAJN Judka Ickel wyrobnik 24 Cyrla JELER 24 O 63 KURANT Lajzer Chil spéculant 30 Laja RADZINIK 26 O 64 NOWICKI WolfMordka Izrael piekarz 24 Ruszla GINSZMIC 24 O 65 LEWIN Szandla Moziek rzezak? 63 Dyna PINKOWICZ 30 O 66 ZAMAZKOWZK1 Lajzer Fiszel wurobnik 23 Laja RUTRASZT? - O 67 JOSKOWICZ Szaja Gerszon cyrulik 30 Frymet MAJERK 24 O 68 BOROWSKI Mosiek deceased - - Smijna? MOSKOWICZ - wies Gielniow 69 KOLOSZYNSKI Masia Fajga Boruch nauczycie 35 Haja CYMBARD 32 O 70 bezimienny (stillborn) - - - - unknown - - O 1849 1 HAJMOWSKI Jakob Icek Hersz Ber krawiec 30 Zolda MORDKOWICZ 24 wies Niemojewice 2 ZYLBERGLAJT Jakob Jonas Berek krawiec 33 Ruchla Laja MOSLER 30 O 3 PINKUSOWICZ Abbe Mosiek wyrobnik 63 Fajga MYDLOWICZ 44 wies Przytzk 4 HERSZTAJN Azryel Herszla - 27 Rajza - 27 miasto Drzewica 5 FAJNER Majer / Szaja Dawid - - Mindla KAUFMANSKI 30 O Ryfka (twins ) 6 GOLD Gitla Szaja wyrobnik 25 Ruchla HASKLOWICZ? 30 wies Brzustow 7 LEWEMBERG Pinkus Fajwel Gick? przemysly 24 Laja Haj a HERSKOW1CZ 21 O 8 LEWEMBERG Zondel Mosiek - 21 Sura KANTOROW1CZ 20 O 9 HOCH Herszla Jankiel czapnik 21 Rajzla - 30 wies" Radice 10 GABEL Laja Herszla Leib gospardarz Udla MOSKOWICZ 30 wies" Potok 11 B1BERCHOLTZ Abram Dawid - 37 Maryem - 27 O 12 BORYCKI Fajga Rojz a Szmul gozpardarz 21 Nacha NISENBAUM - Kolonia Stanislawow 13 ZAMECZKOWSK1 Jankiel Herszek przemysly 22 Haia LENGA 22 miasto Odrzywol 14 WAYDLER Herszla Natan piekarz 32 Ruchla L1BISKIND . wies Buczek? 15 PESSES Lejbus Wolf krawiec 23 Ryfka FAJNER 20 O 16 WISLICKI Szmul Jakob szynkarz Frajdla ZAMECZKOWSKI 28 miasto Drzewica 17 ZOLTZBERG Boruch Mosiek krawiec 30 Ebla 29 O 18 KURTZ Icek Josek szewc 30 Szandla EDELMAN 26 O 19 OREMBUCH Haja Szyfr a Szlama wyrobnik 30 Pessa WOLOWSKI? 27 O 20 GINGOLD Abram Icek Lejzor furman 30 Dworja Laia - 24 O 21 LIPL1NG Sura Ryfka Izrael handlarz 32 Dwojra Laia LEWENBERG 30 O 22 BIDERER Szandla Malka Abram kolodzeij 05 Sura Dwojra BLADOWICZ 40 O 23 MARKOWIECKI Ruchla Joel faktor 55 Fajgiela - 30 O 24 MAJEROWICZ Ruchla Abram szklarz 30 Hana Sura GOLDSZMAJD 24 O 25 WAJNSZTOK Arya Lejbus Pejsak przemysly 33 Haia Hana GROSBERGER 20 O 26 SZMIJDA Haja Cywia Moziek wyrobnik 43 Hanna - 36 O 27 LONDER Mosiek Aron Szol Mendel przemysly 34 Ita Ruchla 28 O 28 ZAWADZKI Malka Hinda Joel - 36 Rasla Laia WYDZYNSK1 30 O 29 ABRAMOWICZ Zelda Ruchla Icek wyrobnik 55 Frymet - 40 O 30 WINERSZPERG Haim Majer wyrobnik 54 Rajzla - 40 O 31 KLAWICKORT Jukiel Majer wyrobnik 30 Sura BELKIER 28 O 32 WINOGRADZKJ Sura Ryfk a Aron blacharz 29 Cyrla FRYD 26 O 33 ROZENBLUM Bajla Szmul blacharz 35 Dwojra Frajdla WAJNBERG 30 O 34 MAJZNER Fajgeila Berek szewc 24 Ruchla SZOJOWICZ 21 O 35 ROTRANT Lejzor Wolf Icek piekarz 25 Ryfka SZYFERBLAT 24 miasto Drzewica 36 BLOGOWSKJ Abram Josek Lejzor krawiec 48 Brandla - 30 wies Kozenin 37 HUBEL Jakob Asser - 23 Sura FIZYCKI 21 wies Gielniow 38 FULBERT Jdka Izrael pachciarz krow 30 Ester - 28 wieé Komezki 39 SZRAGER Suchar Ber Icek gopardarz rolny 26 Brucha - 22 Kolonia Stanislawow 40 ROTMAN Hersz Josek Majer pachciarz krow 25 Ryfka LEWKOWICZ 22 Kolonia Stanislawow 41 HERTSZTAIN Moziek Abbu Lewek szewc 42 Perla FRAJTAK 41 miasto Drzewica 42 MELDYSTA Rajza Perla Judka muzykm 28 Sura Ryfka ZYNGER 28 O 43 ROZEMBERGER Gitta Maryem Izrael kramarz 40 Hana Mirla KOPLOWICZ 28 0 44 KANTOR1CZ Josek Lajbus krainarz 32 Rajzla KOPLOWICZ 25 O 45 FLAUM Brand la Jankiel wyrobnik 28 Ruchla ABRAMOWICZ 25 wies Radonia 46 FAJGEMBAUM Szmul Dawid Wolf wyrobnik 42 Frajda MAJZNER 30 0 47 HERSZKOW1CZ Hinda Michel garbarz 52 Sura Laj a PIESZYKI - O t>4 Kiek:e-Radom SIG,Journal Volum e 5, Number 3 Summer 2001

48 BINDER Fajga Lewek piekarz 30 Sura MARKOWICZ 28 O 49 WYZEMBERG Faiga Majer muzykm 30 Itta ZYNGER 24 O 50 BOJGEN Maryem Dwojra Sandel krawiec 28 Maryem? Sura LEWKOWICZ 24 O 51 FEFER Herszla Icek krawiec 36 Frajda PIECZSK1 - miasto Drzewica 52 ROZENTHAL Herszla Hil przekupienik 26 Haia Sura WAJBAUM 25 O 53 LENGA Jakob leek Samuel dzierzawca 50 Maryem HAIMOWICZ 36 miasto Odryzwol 54 MAIEROWICZ Abram Zelman Icek czapnik 33 Mendia KUTZIER 30 O 55 OREMBUCH Maryem Gitla Jankiel nauczycie 39 Zlota GINGOLD 38 O 56 BOCZMAK Bayla Abram Jakob krawiec 40 Masa SIEK 32 wies Brudzewice 57 WASERSZTAIN Ruchla Dyna Boruch Gurszow wyrobnik 28 Ester Laja GINGIER 24 O 58 MLYNKIEWICZ Dawid Pincus szewc 28 Ryfka SHAJFER 24 wies Brudzewice 59 GROTOWICZ Abram Josek czynszowego? 36 Maryem RODOW1CZ 36 O 60 GIELLOR Szyja Jankiel krawiec 34 Bluma GOLD 24 O 61 GLOGOWSKI Icek Hersz Moziek wyrobnik 29 Ryfka KUROZ 24 O 62 WAJNBERG Rachmel Jozek Beniamim penzig?? 50 Haia KOTLARSKI 38 O 63 GOLDBANT Abram Hersz Jozek krawiec 38 Haia ZOMER 32 O 64 TOMBECK Hersz Laib Jankiel krawiec 23 Maryem Rojza HERSZBERG 25 wies Gielniow 65 BIRNSZTOK Haja Basia Judka Dawid nauczycie 25 Ruchla GINGOLD 24 O 66 SZABAS SuraRyfka & Berek czapnik 31 Ruchla Laia KOTLARZ 22 O Minda/Hinda? (twins) 67 SZWARTZMAN Aron Icek Ber handlarz 43 Hana IZRAELOWICZ 36 wies" Brzustowek 68 WAISBERG Perla Zysla Calel Aron szklarz 25 Hinda LEWKOWICZ 22 miasto Odrzywol 69 GROSS Hil Maje r Lewek garbarz 50 Ester IZRAELOWICZ 40 O 70 ROZEMBLUM Hawa Gitla Dawid przemysly 21 Jochwet NAJBERGIER 20 O 71 ROZENTHAL Arya Laib Izrael krawiec 25 Prajza - 32 miasto Odrzywol 72 FINK1ELSZTAIN Majer Hil Szlama pachciarz 36 Maryem ERAYDENRAJCH? 24 wieé Trzebina 73 NAJBERGIER Ruchla Frymet Moziek wyrobnik 40 Haia KANTORWICZ 26 O 74 ORNER Haim Szlama handlarz zboza 37 Ruchla Laia NAJBERGER 36 O 75 W1MERSZPERG Matla Gierszon mularz 36 Hana Sura KRINIGEL 37 O 76 GLOGOWSKI Ettia Mortka kusnierz 36 Ruchla Laia WENZMAN 33 O 77 CWEJHAFTIK Majer Daniel szmuklerz 30 Haia Malka LIBERMAN 24 O 78 EDELMAN Mordka Judka krawiec 27 Pessa MOSKOW1CZ 26 O 79 FRYDMAN Sura Laja Abram Lejb pachciarz krow - Ruchla Rajzla SZRABSZTAJN 33 wies Modrzew 80 SZRABSZTAJN Lejzor Boruch Dawid pachciarz krow 30 Rajza ULMAN 28 wies Modrzew 81 LEWENBERG Ides Daniel kramarz 40 Brucha PICZOWSKI? 20 O 82 CHLOPSKI Szlama Abram gospardz rolny 20 Rywka ESKENSKOLTZ 20 wies Wojcin 83 BIJNENSZTOK Hana Bajla Icek rolnik 23 Laia BOLZ 20 Kolonia Stanislawow 84 BIRGIER Szoel Hersz Szlama szmuklerz 26 Szajndla Laj a JUNGBACH 24 O 85 ROZENBLUM Josek Beniamin Moziek handlarz szkla 40 Frajdla MOSLER 20 O 86 HERSZKOWICZ Lejzor Ber Moziek grabarz 24 Laja HERSZKOWICZ 20 O 87 BELZYCKI Berek Wolf wyrobnik 33 Ryfka Ruchla CYG1ELWARK 30 O 88 M1LSZTAIN Jakob Aron Icek - 32 Hana HAMER 30 O 89 LUFTMAN Jankiel Herszla krawiec 21 Ryfka TRAJBINZIER 22 O 90 WAG1NSZPERG Ryfka Mosiek Jakob wyrobnik 30 Dwora Zelda WINERSZPERG 27 O 91 OREMBUCH Haja Jankiel rolnik 38 Ruchla - 39 wies Jankow 92 G1ELER Abram Icyk Moziek piekarz 40 Rajzla WALDRYNG 38 wies Gielnow 93 GDALOWICZ Haja Sur a Jakob Gdala szynkarz soli 41 Ruchla Laia SZWARTZMAN 40 O 94 CYMBERT Haim Mortka wyrobnik 56 Jachwet RYTERSKI 36 miasto Drzewica 95 GIELBART Szoel Ber Icyk pachciarz 40 Etla BLOMOWICZ 42 wies Krasnica 96 FRAJDRAICH Arya Lieb Abram wyrobnik 23 Laia ROZENHAL 23 miasto Odrzywol 97 ROZENBLUM Zandel Josek krawiec 29 Ruchla MORTKOWICZ 28 O 98 BATAWIA Jakob Mojzesz handlarz korz. 38 Zysla PILNERMACHER 30 O 99 FAJNER Herszla Abram krawiec 29 Binya HERSZKOWICZ 26 O 100 KATZ Cyrla Mosiek furman 34 Hawa KURANT 28 miasto Drzewica 101 CHMIELNICKI Mosiek Haskiel krawiec 28 Fajga Fislow - 30 O 102 RUBIN Hersz Leib Szmul Majer synkarz soli 27 Dwojra ROZENBLAT 24 O 103 SM1TANA Malka Mirla Lejzor handlarz wikt. 30 Jachwet ROTBERG 28 O 104 ZYLBERYNG Klara Izrael wyrobnik 35 Ceyna Ruchla MANDELBAUM 30 O 105 KURANT Siejwa Aba nauczycie 30 Fajga RUBIN 26 miasto Drzweica 105 ZARNETZ Hawa Fajga Szlama Chaim wyrobnik 33 Bluma Rojza LEWI 32 O 107 ZAWADZKI Ester Krasa Jaskiel wyrobnik 40 Itta - 40 O 108 KANTOROW1CZ Haja Szlama Hersz kramarz 28 Ruchla EL1AZ 28 0 Summer 2001 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volume5, Number 3 65

109 SZWARTZBERG Szandla Icek Efrai m wyrobnik 26 Ester Ryfk a LUFTMAN 24 0 110 LEBER Jachwet Abram rzeznik 28 Rajzla GOLDES 27 0 111 KRONBERG Czarnes Szmul wyrobnik 50 Sandla KACL 30 0 112 KOCHEN Boruch Hersz Jakob Icek nauczycie 36 Ryfka MILTMAN 30 0 113 CHMIELNICKI Berek Josek czapnik 33 Gitla Ruchla FULBART 27 wies Kamien 114 ZAJTLER Nacha Abram nauczycie 44 Ruchla - 38 O 115 BLOGOWSKI Majer Chil Lejzor wyrobnik 34 Hendla JODKOWICZ 30 wies Kozienca 116 LENGA Lejzor Josek pachciarz krow 34 Ruchla LEWKOWICZ 28 wies Dabrowka 117 KURTZ Cymel Frajdl a Icyk pachciarz krow 29 Liba STUDINSK1 30 wieé Miedzyborz 118 LASECKI Frajdla Mindla Mosiek gospard. rolny 24 Ester EZENBERG 22 Kolonia Stanislawow 119 GROZBERGIER Liwsza Judka spéculant 23 Gitla GOLDBERG 22 O 120 FRYSZMAN Haja Sura Jankiel wyrobnik 24 Perla NACHMANI? 20 wies Bielowice 121 FROSZ Haja Rubin szwec 25 Zelda FAJNER 23 O 122 FRYSZMAN Haja Mendel wyrobnik 26 Jachwet KURANT 32 miasto Drzewica 123 BOCZMAK Maryen Izrael krawiec 25 Ita ZAK 24 O 124 KIELBERG Abram Lewi wyrobnik 25 Nacha WINERSZPERG 22 O 125 CHMIELNICKI Ruchla Jankiel handlarz maki 45 Bluma Hena BILANDER 40 O 126 GOLDBAND Ruchla Laj a Michal szklarz 43 Frymet JUNGBACH 43 O 127 ROZENBLUM Haim Fagas Jankiel szkolnik 62 Judes FAGAS 27 O 128 MARKOWIECKI Mortka Dawid Mendel szmuklarz 29 Ruchla MILSZTAJN 24 O 129 PINKUSZEWICZ Szymcha Kielman garbarz 26 Laia DABOWSKI 20 wies Welka Wola 130 ZAJDENFELD Frajdla Lewi przewoznik 30 Itta WALDRYNG 24 wies Gielniow 131 WAXMAN Hawa Rajza Szoel dystrybutor 29 Eydla SZPIRA 26 O 132 JURKIEWICZ Mirla Lejbus rolnik 43 Rajzla MOLESZYNSKI 36 wieé Dabrowa 133 FEFER Majer Hil Wolf krawiec 23 Eidla KATZ 23 wieé Radzice 134 SZMULOWICZ Hersz Szmul Izrael - 30 Fajga TRAJGER 27 O 135 LEWI Haja Sur a Lejzor krawiec 25 Golda ZAJTLER 22 O 136 LIPSZYTZ Jekel Dawid wyrobnik 36 Golda Rojza MOSLER? 26 O 137 WAINBERG Bajla Malka Izrael (dec.) - - Fajga Perla - 28 O 138 GOLD Boruch Jankiel gospardarz 23 Masa DAJCH 23 Kolonia Stanislawow 139 GRUNWALD Mendel Mortka Szmul kramarz 26 Dwojra BILANDER 20 O 140 WAJSBLACH Fiszel Nusyn Wol f szwec 32 Hana Liba KURANT 30 miasto Drzewica 141 BELZYCKJ Haja Dyna Judka wlasciciel 63 Raszla Jachwet TRZYZEWSKI 42 ws. Swinna, gm. Starostwa 142 EDELMAN Laja Haim krawiec 21 Fajga Bajl a KURMAN 24 O 143 GROZBERGIER Najem Jankiel dzierzaw. kier. 56 Ester WOLRASK 20 O 144 HOCH Lejbus Icek pachciarz krow 30 Pessa GROTOWICZ 24 wies Zamesczka 145 HOCH Mazia Izrael wyrobnik 34 Cejwa MILSZTAJN 35 wies Zamesczka 146 DERESZ Rywka Josek piekarz 32 Dyna? CYGLER 30 miasto Drzewica 147 ZYSKIND WolfLeib Haskiel kramarz 42 Rajzla ORNER 38 O 148 GINGOLD Mortka Suchar Majer handlarz 20 Sura Hudes TENEBAUM 18 O 149 KIERSZCWA1G Frajdla Herszla rolnik 35 Nachma PINKUSICWICZ 34 O 150 LICHTENBERG Ruchla Laj a Dawid handlarz 40 Liba ABZATZ 28 miasto Drzewica 151 ROZENBERG Ester Icyk Szaj a kramarz 40 Hawa KONSKIER 40 O 152 ZYLBERYNG Klara Abram Mortka wyrobnik 26 Bajla FINKELSZTAJN 25 O 153 PRASKIER Tamar Dwojra Lejbus kramarz 28 Sura Hinda CHMIELNICKI 24 O 154 SZWARTZMAN Sura Brandla Szymon mularz 30 Dwojra Zlota WINERSZPERG 28 O 155 BELKIER Fajga Icek krawiec 36 Hawa - 32 O 156 BELFER Malka Herszla krawiec 40 Mindla MAJZNER 22 O 157 FAJNER Fajgela Joel rzeznik 54 Matla - 38 O 158 SZWARTZBERG Hil Zelig wyrobnik 40 Ryfka OREMBUCH 40 O 159 FAJGELES Liba Mendel • krawiec 32 Sura FAJERWERK 30 O 160 MAJZNER Jachwet Icek wyrobnik 28 Sura Ryfka MOSLER 28 O 161 GOLDSZMIDT Szaja Izrael krawiec 33 Rywka - 33 O 162 ZAWADZKI Morka Ber Wolf wyrobnik 40 Haja ROSZELBUCH 30 O 163 LEWI Haim Izrael Jakob krawiec 29 Bajla GINGOLD 29 O 164 CHMIELNICKI HanaNisa Jankiel krawiec 24 Ita ZARNETZ 29 O 165 WINER Icek Maje r Dawid przekupznik 27 Maryen ESTRAJCH 28 O 166 NACHMAN Laja Judka wyrobnik 40 Ester BOROWSK1 34 miasto Drzewica 1 QCln \) 1 MILSZTAIN Szlama Zysman wyrobnik 20 Frajdla 18 wies Wywoz 2 WAJSKOP Mendel Majer pachciarz krow 30 Zlota Liba JABLONK1EW1CZ 30 wiei Slawno 3 ORENBUCH Tauba Herszla eosDardarstuza 20 Ruchla Laia TENEBAUM 18 wies Strzeszkowice 00 Kleli te-Kaaont SlU Journal Volum e 5, Number 3 Summer 2001

4 KLAINBART Jonas Dawid gospard. rolny 22 Cypa CHOJNOWSKI 20 wies Nicwzerszyn 5 BERLINSKI Lejbus Rubin handlarz 40 Laia ZAMERZKOWSKI 36 miasto Drzewica 6 RESZELBACH Lejbus Jankiel krawiec 22 Gitla 20 miasto Drzewica 7 BIRENCWA1G Rajzla Abram pachciarz krow 25 Haia JURKOWICZ 20 wies Blogie 8 LENGA Hinda Izrael wyrobnik 25 Masia LEWKOWICZ 23 miasto Odrzywol 9 MORTKOWICZ Sandel Beniamin wlasciciel 65 Riichla Bluma ROZENTHAL 50 O 10 RZETELNICKI Mortka Herszla handlarz maki 45 Sura RUBINOWICZ 25 O 11 LAZNOWSK1 Laja Wolf pachciarz krow 30 Hinda FULBART 20 wies Studzianna 12 FIZYCHI Liba Szymon cyrulik 36 Rajzla CHOJNOWSKI 24 miasto Gielniow 13 LIPSTMAN Abram Icek gospard. rolny 24 Hawa - 22 Kolonia Stanislawow 14 ZAMECZKOWZKI Sura Rubin handlarz 20 Itta LENGA 18 miasto Drzewica 15 GOLDSZAJDER Mortka Jozef wyrobnik 36 Sura Ryfka - 30 miasto Gielniow 16 ZYNGIER Ryfka Abram muzykant 34 Gitla LUFTMAN 27 O 17 ZYNGIER Haim Dawid Jankiel muzykus 26 Witla FUX 27 O 18 TALERMAN Mortka Ber Jankiel gospard. rolna 22 Haia TAJCH 18 Kolina Stanislawow 19 RYTERSKI Berek Haim furman 40 Mindla 36 O 20 KUPER Rachmel Izrael handlarz 27 Haia Ruchla ROMER 24 O 21 BINDER Ryfka Laj a Jonas krawiec 50 Haia - 45 O 22 KURANT Benis Szulim piekarz 32 Hinda RYTERSKI 24 miasto Drzewica 23 MLYNKJCWICZ Ester Ickiel wyrobnik 22 Szprynca RUDZICK1 20 wieé Radzice 24 KATUSZEWSKI Bajla Kielman wyrobnik 22 Malka ELKOWICZ 20 O 25 TALERMAN Tobiasz Herszla gospard. rolny 24 Sosza MAKOTSKI? 24 Kolonia Stanislawow 26 FAJFER Ryfka Wolf piekarz 42 Laia HERSZTAJN 36 miasto Gielniow 27 JABLONKIEWICZ Icek Mindla Wolf gospard. rolny 24 Edla - 24 Kolonia Stanislawow 28 KONSKIER Michal Kopel Nusyn wyrobnik 45 Laja Wita SZWARTZMAN 22 O 29 FINKIELSZTAIN Szymcha Binen Mortka wyrobnik 45 Ester LANDER 30 O 30 JURKJEWICZ Szejwach Hersz Laib krawiec 26 Rajza BIBERCHOLTZ 30 O 31 ZALCBERG Abram Rachmel Hil wyrobnik 40 Ester - 30 O 32 BEKIERMAN Dawid Laib Mosiek propinator 21 Mindla ROZENBERG 18 miasto Gielniow 33 ULRYCH Efraim Fisze l Jankiel wyrobnik 36 Perla Laja CWAJHAFTIG 25 O 34 BLANKIER Haskiel Mosiek Aron pachciarz krow 42 Mary en - 36 wies Slawno 35 ROZENTHAL Mosiek Hersz Hil szklarz 32 Gula BERGIER 26 O 36 WAJSBERG Berek Dawid krawiec 32 Haia SIERMAN 27 wies Slawno 37 CYGIELFARB Hersz Majer Nusyn Szmul krawiec 24 Ryfka ROWIZORSK1? 20 O 38 ABZATZ Szmuel Rubin furman 21 Szandla - 22 O 39 EDELMAN Hana Icek gospard. rolny 36 Tauba FULBART 32 wieâ Ostrozna 40 FAJGIEL Hana Rajza Mosiek gospard.rolny 23 Gula GROSKUP 24 Kolonia Stanislawow 41 GOILDSZAJDER Herszla Jankiel wyrobnik 36 Haja HARTSZTAJN 35 miasto Gielnow 42 MAJERWICZ Boruch Abram szklarz 31 Hana Sura - 25 O 43 ZANWLOWICZ Sura Maza (dec.) garbarz - Hana (w.) - 25 miasto Gielnow 44 KANCENELEBOJGEN Aron Haskiel handlarz 30 Jachwet WAJNER 28 O 45 SZWARTZMAN Herszla Josek Icek krawiec 24 Malka G1LZNER 23 O 46 BLINDER leek Mortka Chaim nauczyciel 28 Dyna MILSZTAJN 25 O 47 ZALCBERG Laja Mosiek speckulant 36 Mirla BOGOCHWAL 30 O 48 ZAJLER Frymet Laja Haim Mosiek nauczyciel 30 Liba ROZENTHAL 29 O 49 GIELLER Gitla Eizyk krawiec 26 Faiga LEWI 24 O 50 WASERSZTAIN Sura Ryfka Sandel - 47 Laia ABZATZ 40 O 51 STUDNIA Zyskind Mosiek Hersz 30 Rajza SZMULOWICZ 30 wies Studzianna 52 GRUNDMAN Herszla Szyia gospard. rolny 25 Mirla GOLDBERG 25 Kolonia Stanislawow 53 LIPSTMAN Perla Abram gospard.rolny 23 Szaindla 23 Kolonia Stanislawow 54 KURTZ Jakob Szymcha Abram wyrobnik 23 Ruchla HERSZTAIN 21 miasto Drzewica 55 MILSZTA1N Masia Dawid malarz 27 Itta E1LER 25 O 56 FRYDMAN Hil Majer Ludwik dzierzawca 22 Szandla Cyrla GROZBERGIER 20 O 57 FRAJTAG Mendel Josek wyrobnik 32 Ruchal KOEL 26 miasto Drzewica 58 MARKOWICZ Josek Majer Cyna krawiec 55 Laia LAUFER 32 wies Niewierszyn 59 PLAT Bina Herszek furman 31 Hana HERTSZTAJN 24 miasto Drzewica 60 KURTZ Haja Mosiek wyrobnik 32 Rajzla CYGIELFARB 27 wies Mikolowice 61 FRYDMAN Perla Szmul Haim wyrobnik 40 Maryen BIKURMAN 30 miasto Gielniow 62 GAJGIER Ruchla Laja Haim spiewak 36 Sura Ryfka FAJERWERK 25 O 63 SIETZ Szejwach Manela krawiec 30 Hana Bajla - 28 wieé Brudzowice 64 BOCK Hinda Abram pachciarz krow 27 Fajga JAKUBOWICZ 24 wies Ossa 65 ZAK Hendla Hil krawiec 37 Hinda MOSLER 36 O Summer 2001 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volum e 5, Number 3 67

66 FRAJLICH Jankiel Libman nauczyciel 30 Laia Dawidow DANCYG 27 O 67 EIZEMAN Ruchla Abram wyrobnik 40 Ruchla - 36 miasto Gielniôw 68 ZYLBERBERG Haim Szmycha Lejbus przekupnik 22 Dyska? GRYNWALD 25 O 69 HILEROWICZ Lejzor Wolf cyrulik 46 Golda DABROCZYNSKI 20 O 70 MARKOWIECZ Dawid Laib Izrael handlarz ryb 36 Etla ESIEK 21 O 71 ' SZRABSZTAIN Sura Laja Termier? Majer wyrobnik 34 Faiga HERZKOWICZ 33 wieé Kunice 72 FISZLOWICZ Berek Herszla wyrobnik 40 Gitla JOSKOWICZ 34 O 73 ZYLNICKI Berek Herszla krawiec 42 Cyrla - 36 O 74 ROZENCWAIG Abram Judka Lajbus piekarz 24 Haja Mindla GOLDSZMID - O 75 HERTSZTAIN Haim Hil Jekiel wyrobnik 26 Perla FAFER 24 O 76 KWAIT Szprinca Perla Herszla handlarz 20 Mindla , CHMIELNICKI 20 O 77 WAINBERG Izrael Mosiek Beniamin manipulant 40 Haia KATARSKI 39 O 78 HUBEL Icek Asser krawiec 23 Sura FIZYCKI 23 miasto Gielniôw 79 ROZENBLUM Josek Maje r Dawid handlarz 23 Jachwet NAJBERGER 21 O 80 WELTMAN Perla Laia Izrael Icyk czapnik 21 Gitla EZENSZTAIG? 30 O 81 ROZENBLUM Szaja Berek Lejbus wyrobnik 36 Cywa Mindla WALDRYNG 32 O 82 ROZENBLUM Malka Cywia Majer handlarz 30 Jachet BILANDER 30 O 83 PESZES Herszla Abram krawiec 60 Sura FRAJLIGIER 40 O 84 BELZYCKI Rajzla Maryen Dawid handlarz 22 Pessa GOTESMAN 23 O 85 KRYSZTAL Icyk HIJosek nauczyciel 40 Haia LEWKOWICZ 40 O 86 BATAWIA Abram Icek Mojzesz handlarz korz. 38 Zysli PILWERMACHER 38 O 87 LUFTMAN Icyk Gdala Berek pachciarz krow 20 Frajda HAJNOWSKI 22 wies Januszewice 88 WILDER Haja Ruchla Litman .wyrobnik 26 Fajga Henna TAUBES 24 O 89 CHLOPSKI Kapel Haim rolnik 32 Maryen GOLD 30 wieé i gminie Wojcin 90 ZAMCERKOWSKI Majer Hil Abba handlarz 36 Hana Bajla KRENIGEL 36 miaso Drzewica 91 WAXBERG Sura Tyle Szoel dystryb. tabaki 28 Eidla SZPIRA 26 O 92 WAJDLER Lazer Herszla melarz 36 Cyrla - 34 O 93 FROSZ Alter Szlama Izrael szewc 36 Frajda KURMAN 30 O 94 SZWARTZMAN Hil Jankiel wyrobnik 30 Cywia - 30 O 95 KROL Frajdla Laj a Mosiek szpekulant 25 Ryfka WAXMAN 20 O 96 BIDERMAN Icek Majer Abram rudalnik 40 Rajzla - 30 O 97 GROSZ Perla Mosiek szewc 22 Estera - 20 O 98 FAJERWERK Hinda Ruchla Cejmach - 60 Zelda - 46 O 99 BIRENSZTOK Sura Hinda Judka Dawid nauczyciel 23 Ruchla GINGOLD 21 O 100 GOLDHAMER Szmul Haim Aunel? wyrobnik 40 Hana ROZENBERG 29 O 101 BIDERMAN Fiszel Lejbus wyrobnik 40 Zysla Krandla - 30 O 102 MILTSZTAIN Szlama Mortka Jacob Janus melarz 25 Golda Perla - 20 O 103 ZUZOWSKI Zelman Lewek wyrobnik 36 Estera - 30 O 104 HAJLER Ewa Froim felczer 21 Golda - 20 O 105 NEL Udla Szmula krawiec 30 Gnedla - 30 O 106 ROZENBLUM Szlama Moziek Szmul handlarz 40 Nacha BORYCZKI 37 miasto Odrzywol 107 ROZENKRANTZ Izrael Icyk Abram handlarz 22 Perla ROZENBLUM 18 miasto Odrzywol 108 KURTZ Elka Szlama wyrobnik 36 Sura MLYNKOWICZ 24 wieé Radice 109 ZAMECZKOWSKI Jochwet Fiszel wyrobnik 25 Laia ROTRANT 36 miasto Drzewica 110 KIERSZBAUM Jakob Wolf Herszla melarz 24 Fajga Baila NAJBERGIER 24 O 111 LEWI Abram Hersz Lejzor krawiec 26 Eitla ZAJLER 24 O 112 BILANDER Dworja Ryfk a Izrael kramarz 28 Elka KRON 25 O 113 FROBLANDER Lejbus Dawid krawiec 26 Hinda REZELBACH 24 wies Radice 114 BERGIER Hana Hinda Dawid fandiczarz? 32 Ruchla GIELBART 30 O 115 KURTZ Herszla Lejbus wyrobnik 20 Estera RODNICKI 20 wieé Radice 116 MOSKOWICZ Hana Malka Gierson Maje r gospard. rolny 27 Sura Fajga - 24 Kolonia Stanislawow 117 NAJMILER Masia Jankiel krawiec 20 Udla MOSLER 22 O 118 SZAJOWICZ Szaja Dawid krawiec 20 Rajzla GLOGOWSKI 25 O v AKIERMA N 119 WINOGRADSKI Mosiek Rubin Aron blacharz 30 Cyrla - 26 O 120 WAJDLER Icyk Haim Josek krawiec 25 Gitla Ryfka PLAT 22 O 121 MEL Szlama Dawid Abram piekarz 20 Sura MARKOWICKI 22 O 122 GABEL Dwojra Fejwel pachciarz 28 Malki Szaindla - 28 ws. Maryanki, g. Jankowice 123 BILANDER Cyrla Ester Lewek gospard. rolny 25 Cypra CWAISBAUM 24 Kolonia Stanislawow 124 SZRAGA Haja Sura Icek gospard. rolny 28 Brucha SZULDINER 28 Kolonia Stanislawow 125 CWAJCHAWTIG Hernia & Abram Lejbus szkolnik 42 Sura Ruchla - 30 O Moziek (twins) 68 Kieli.e-Radom SIG Journal Volum e 5, Number 3 Summer 2001

126 GABEL Dwojra Liba Hersz Laib gospard. rolny 36 Udla 33 Kolonia Stanislawow 1851 1 SZWARTZMAN Mosiek Icek Ber przekupnik 40 Hana - 36 O 2 LANDER Szmul Dawid Szoel Mendel przekupnik 40 Ita Ruchla GOLDBAND 30 O 3 MARKOWICEKI Ruchla Lejzor szmuklerz 36 Estera Gitla LEWKOWICZ 25 O 4 LEWI Gutman Wolf Laib zegarmistrz 31 Jura - 31 O 5 ULMAN Cejwa Josek wyrobnik 36 Pessa TRAJLICH 34 ws. Utraty, g. Bialobrzeg 6 BIBERCHOLC Mosiek Hil Dawid krawiec 37 Maryen 25 O 7 FLAUM Icyk & Cewi a Jankiel wyrobnik 39 Ruchla ABZATZ - wieé Trzebiatow 8 SZWARTZ Itta Abram powroznik 30 Maryen BACH - O 9 GROTOWICZ Wolf Josek zdany zajczdn . 40 Maryen RUDOWICZ 30 O 10 LEWENBERG Ruchla Icek handlarz 22 Sejra Gitla BILANDER 18 O 11 GLOGOWSKI Fejwel Laib Asser wyrobnik 36 Eka Sura WALDRYNG 27 O 12 FEFER Haskiel Icek krawiec 36 Frajda SIEZMIAN 30 miasto Drzewica 13 KANTOROWICZ Itta Ruchla Eliaz Hersz wyrobnik 31 Sura LEWI 25 O 14 WAINSZTOK Drejzla Pajsak handlarz 30 Haia GROZBERGIER 25 O 15 MAJZNER Izrael Szaj a Berek szwec 26 Ruchla - 24 wiei Slawno 16 TALERMAN Fromet Szmul pachciarz krow 33 Laia RUDOWICZ 36 Starostwo Opoczynsk 17 BINDER Mendel Lewel pachciarz 34 Sura MARKOWICZ 30 O 18 STUDNIA Jankiel Lejzor krawiec 30 Sura - 27 O 19 BLACHEROWICZ Ruchla Hersela gospard. rolny 23 Liba NISENBAUM 20 Kolonia Stanislawow 20 SAW1DZKI Alter Abram krawiec 29 Mindla ABRAMOWICZ 28 miasto Bialobrzegi 21 WAX Hana Szmuel wyrobnik 24 Ruchla KRIENIGEL 21 O 22 EINHORN Ester Laja Hil Josek wyrobnik 33 Dworja Rojz a LEWIN 30 O 23 WAGENSZPERG Szmul Szymcha Judka wyrobnik 23 Frajdla GOLDBERG 24 O 24 ORNER EliaszWolf Szlama handlarz zelara 35 Ruchla Laja NAJBERGER 31 O 25 BOCZMAK Cywia Icek krawiec 20 Perla Laia SZWARTZMAN 20 O 26 HERSZKOWICZ Mortka Mosiek Hersz grabarz 23 Laia MOSLER 22 O 27 MLYNKIEWICZ Dawid Icek krawiec 35 Ester - 22 ws. Domaszno, gm Radice 28 TEPER Mortka Josek Maje r krawiec 23 Dworja CYGIELFARB 24 O 29 PRAJZES Gawryl Mortka wyrobnik 35 Nacha - 30 O 30 GILZNER Chwula Haja Icek krawiec 62 Hana - 40 O 31 HERTSZTAIN Szmerek Herszla wyrobnik 28 Rojza - 27 miasto Drzewica 32 KANTOROWICZ Zysla Lejbus kramarz 36 Rajzla - 28 O 33 BORUCHOWICZ Boruch Mortka Mosiek krawiec 30 Szprynca BELZYCKI 18 O 34 KINIGSZTAIN Cyrla Boruch wyrobnik 36 Hana WYNERSPERG 26 wies Buczek 35 CZARNES Liba Mosiek krawiec 20 Pessa MOSLER 18 O 36 BILANDER kyk Judk a Abram handlarz 20 Zysla GUTERMAN 20 O 37 LEWENBERG Ester Mosiek handlarz 25 Hana Sura - 22 O 38 FUX Sura Laja Pinkus zanszoz wojek 32 Zelda MYSLIBORSKI 22 O 39 GRONDMAN Frymet Zelman handlarz 24 Cypra ROZIEWICZ 20 O 40 WELTMAN Rywka Liba Jankiel pachciarz krow 26 Perla HOCH 36 wies Zameczek 41 BOK Lejbus Jankiel wyrobnik 40 Rywa? - 36 wies" Krszczonow 42 SZABAS Bajla Berek czapnik 39 Ruchla Laia - 24 O 43 ROZENTHAL Haim Icyk Hil przekupnik 28 Haia Sura - 28 O 44 MILSZTAIN Perla Gadel piekarz 35 Gitla K1ERSZENCWA1G 27 wies Wielka Wola 45 GROZBERGIER Haja Izrael Judka handlarz zboza 24 Getla GOLDBERGIER 21 O 46 CWAJCHAFTIG Haim Mortka Nusyn Mendel szklarz 40 Fajga Pessa - 36 O 47 ZALCBERG Ruchla Dwojra Lejbus handlarz 35 Perla ROZENTHAL 22 O 48 GOLDSZM1DT Rojza Laj a Izrael krawiec 34 Sura Ryfka - 32 O 49 FUX Haim Mosiek Abram Icek szmuklarz 27 Sura Rojza SPIEWAK - O 50 WINERSZPERG Mary en Gierson melarz 36 Hana Sura KIENIGEL 30 O 51 FAJENBAUM Malka Wolf melarz 50 Frajda MAJZNER 27 O 52 MOSLER Hernia Haim krawiec 50 Hana - 30 O 53 FULBART Jachwet Izrael gospard. rolny 34 Ester KUCZYNSKI 33 O 54 TUGIENTMAN Dwojra Herszla handlarz 30 Itta NAJBERGER 20 O 55 TOMBAK Ester Laia Jacob krawiec 26 Maryen HERTSZTAJN 27 wies Gielnow 56 LENGA/LEGA Ruchla Mosiek handlarz soli 23 Rajzla ABRAMOWICZ 20 wies Odrzywol 57 FAJNER Szulim Joel rzeznik 50 Matla - 40 O 58 REDERER Noma Abram kolodzeij 52 Sura Dworja BLACHAROW1CZ 40 O 59 LEBER Szymon Abram wyrobnik 40 Rajzla - 36 O 60 PLAT Fajga Majer szwec 20 Ester HERSZKOWICZ 20 O Summer 2001 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volume5, Number 3 69

61 FUX Bluma Abram furman 36 Haia Ruchla - 27 0 62 GINGOLD Jankiel Luzer furman 33 Haia ZA K 27 0 63 BERGIER Noma Szlama wyrobnik 27 Haia ZA K 27 0 64 BOJGIEN Haim Sanel? krawiec 32 Sura - MOSKOWIC Z 29 0 65 BELZYCKI Hana Ruchla Judka nauczyciel 63 Laia 32 wies Swinna 66 OREMBUCH Lejbus Mendel Szlama wyrobnik 31 Pessa ZWOLOWSK I 22 O 67 ZARNETZ Mosiek Laib Szlama Haim wyrobnik 35 Bloma Rojza LEW I . O 68 EPSZTAIN Bloma Mosiek furman - HanaRochla ABZAT Z 20 wies" Drzewica 69 PINKUSIEWICZ Frajdla Kielman garbarz 28 Laia 23 wies Wielka Wola 70 LUFTMAN Sura Szaindla Herszla krawiec 23 Ryfka FRAJTIGIE R 25 O 71 FAJNER Herszla Szyia Dawid czapnik 31 Mindla 32 O 72 KURAND Icyk Nuta pachciarz krow 24 Bina EZENBER G 20 wieé Jdzkowice? 73 HERTZ Abram Lejzor Szymcha Dawid handlarz 20 Sura Laia 20 O 74 OREMBUCH • Berek Hai m Jankiel nauczyciel 41 Zlota 40 O 75 HOCH Szlama Jankiel czapnik 25 Rajzla 22 wiei Redzice? 76 WAJZNER Mortka Lejbus introligator 45 Gnedla 41 O 77 LARNOWSKI Nusyn Wolf pachciarz krow 36 Hinda FULBAR T 24 wies" Studziana 78 WINER Abram Mendel Dawid handlarz 30 Zlota 26 O 79 MAJZNER Icyk Berek Gierson krawiec 21 Szprynca 22 O 80 MILSZTAIN Abram leek mularz 34 Hana Gitla 33 O 81 MORTKOWICZ Mortka Dawid Beniamin nauczyciel 64 Ruchla Bina - 46 O 82 KURTZ Faiga Laja Josek wyrobnik 36 Szandla EDELMA N 30 O 83 TRYTER Maryen Mendel blacharz 40 Haia Sura 37 O 84 KANTOROWICZ Abram Szlama - 28 Ruchla 28 O 85 ZYLBERGLAIT Abram Izrael Berek krawiec 36 Ruchla Laia - 32 O 86 BINENSZTOK Mordka Szymon Abram gospard. rolny 21 Perla 20 Kolonia Stanislawow 87 BIBERGAL Szulim Jankiel Josek krawiec 34 Cypa Laia 28 O 88 ABZATZ Laja Rubin? furman 21 Szaindla 21 wies" Drzewica 89 ROTTMAN Perla Mindla Majer wyrobnik 26 Ryfka 24 gmina & wies Ossa 90 ZALCBERG Icek Jakob Abram krawiec 33 Etla 30 O 91 OREMBUCH Izrael Lejbus Chemia pachciarz krow 28 Fromet 28 wies Ostrozna 92 FRYDMAN Malka Szmuel Haim pisarz? 40 Maryen 36 wies Gielnow 93 KOLBERG Icyk Michel Lewi handlarz 27 Nacha WINERSZPER G 24 O 94 MAJZNER Izrael Mosiek Icyk Ber wyrobnik 27 Sora Ryfka 27 O 95 MAJEROWICZ Wigdor Abram szklarz 36 Hana 32 O 96 SZRABSZTAIN Hinda Dawid wyrobnik 32 Rojza 30 wies Cetin 97 ULMAN Nusyn Fiszel wyrobnik 28 Haia Ruchla - 26 wies Sta Anna 98 NAWICKI Gitla Izrael piekarz 26 Ruchla 26 O 99 GRYNSPAN Dawid Aron rzeznik 36 Szaindla Laia - 32 wies Gielnow 100 GIELLER Arya Lejzor Jankiel krawiec 31 Bloma Rajzla GOL D 28 O 101 ZYLBERYNG Majer Dawid Izrael wyrobnik 34 Cejwa Ruchla - 33 O 102 WASERSZTAIN Hana Gierson wyrobnik 33 Ester 30 O 103 FLAJSZER Izrael Wolf krawiec 60 Perla 40 O 104 ZELMANOWICZ / Laia? Herszch handlarz 20 Mindla CHMIELNICK I 20 O KWIAT 105 KRACT Szlama Lejzor nauczyciel 64 HanaDworja - 40 O 106 LEWI Haim Aron Lejzor krawiec 27 Gitla 23 O 107 ROZENBLUM Tamerla Szmul wyrobnik 37 Dworja Frajdla - 35 O 108 TEPER Hana Perla Szama Wolf krawiec 18 Mindla Maryen - 18 O 109 EICHLER Pinkus Szymon Jakob czapnik 36 Haia Sura LUFTMA N 35 O 110 PRASZKIER Abram Wigdor Lejbus kramarz 30 Sura Hinda CHMIELNICK I 24 O 111 SZMULOWICZ Josek Izrael krawiec 32 Faiga 25 O 70 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volum e S, Number 4 Autumn 2001

Index of places featured in the Kielce-Radom SIG Journal (Volumes I-V)

Bodzentyn - Visit story 1:1,9-1 2 Opatôw-1929 Business Directory V:4,21-2 3 Bogoria - Births 1826-184 7 111:2,50-56 ; Opoczno - Yizkor Book surnames 11:2,15-1 6 1848-1860 11:3,45-47 ; 1861-186 9 V:l,59-6 1 Opoczno - Births 1848-1851 V:4,62-6 9 Bogoria - Marriages 1826-187 7 111:2,57-6 3 Ostrowiec - Visit story IV:2,3- 8 Busko-Zdroj - Visit story V:2,3- 5 Ozarôw - Yizkor Book excerpt 1:4,3- 7 Checiny - Births 1810-182 5 1:1,47-6 2 Ozarôw - Cemetery transcripts 11:4,22-2 6 Chçciny - Marriages 1850-186 7 IV:4,44-69 ; Ozarôw - Cemetery restoriation project V:4,28-2 9 1868-1884 111:1,37-5 8 Ozarôw - Landsmanshaft cemetery , Toronto IV:4,24-2 7 Checiny - Article on history III : 1,3-6 Piriczôw - Article from Pinkas HaKehillot V : 1,3-7 Chmielnik - Births 1876-188 4 IV:3,45-7 0 Piriczôw - Deaths 1810-182 5 111:3,22-3 7 Chmielnik - Marriages 1876-188 4 111:3,57-7 1 Piriczôw - Synagogue restoration 11:4,3- 4 Chmielnik - Deaths 1876-188 4 V:4,50-6 1 Piriczôw - Polish State Archives project V:4,38-3 9 Chmielnik - Synagogue history 11:4,9-1 5 Przedbôrz - Visit Story 111:2,3- 7 Chmielnik - Research Notes 111:4,18-2 0 Przedbôrz - Marriages 1810-184 6 111:2,30-49 ; Chmielnik - Yizkor Book excerpt V : 1,28-36 1847-1854 IV:2,63-71 ; 1855-188 6 V:2,29-6 2 Daleszyce - BMD 1826-184 6 11:2,44-51 ; Przytyk-BMD 1826-183 0 1:4,53-65 ; BMD 1810-25 , 1847-70 IV:2,32-4 6 1831-1836 11:4,44-5 5 Dzialoszyce - Yizkor Book necrology IV:4,11-19 Radom-Births 1810-182 5 111:1,15-20 ; 1842-184 4 Dzialoszyce - JRI / JHI index project V:4,4 0 V:2,63-67 Glowaczôw - project 11:2,2 7 Radom - Births & Marriages 1827-184 1 1:3,39-5 1 Ilza - Visit story 1:1,9-1 2 Radom-Deaths 1827-184 1 11:2,31-4 3 Ilza-Births 1850-186 5 111:1,21-3 6 Radom - Death index 1874-187 7 1:1,43-4 6 Jedrzejôw - BMD 1875-188 4 11:4,30-4 3 Radom - Reminiscences 11:1,12-14 ; IV:l,3- 6 Jedrzejôw - History IV:2,13-2 2 Radom - Visit stories 11:3,24-25 ; 111:2,19-2 1 Kielce-Births 1868-188 4 IV:1,33-5 1 Radom -1932 Address Book 11:4,19-2 1 Kielce - Marriages 1869-188 4 1:2,28-3 9 Radom area - Interview with archives director, and Kielce - Deaths 1870-188 4 11:1,29-4 0 archives inventory 1:4,21-24 ; IV:4,9-20 ; Kielce - Dictionary of Kielce Jews 11:2,25-2 7 V:l,11-15; V:2,15-2 5 Kielce - Yizkor Book surname index 11:3,19-2 1 Radom gubernia - Surnames 1:1,17-23 ; 1:2,12-1 7 Kielce - Yizkor Book excerpt IV:4,21-2 3 Radoszyce - Marriages 1810-188 4 111:4,32-5 1 Kielce - Visit story IV:3,14-1 7 Sandomierz - Polish State Archives branch 111:3,3- 6 Kielce area - Administrative districts 1:4,8-1 0 Skarzysko-Kamienna - Book Review IV:3,18-2 2 Kielce gubernia - Surnames 1:3,15-18 ; 1:4,25-3 2 Slomniki - Family research V:4,30-3 7 Klimontôw - Births & Marriages 1826-183 9 111:3,38-5 6 Sobkôw - Marriages, Banns 1810-183 8 1:1,33-42 ; Klimontôw - Births 1840-186 5 V:3,35-6 1 Births 1810-183 8 111:4,52-6 0 Klimontôw - Deaths 1826-185 3 IV:3,29-4 4 Starachowice - see Wierzbnik Klimontôw - Visit story 1:3,25-2 6 Staszôw-Births 186 4 V:3,69-7 0 Klimontôw - Article on Synagogue 111:3,13-1 9 Staszôw - Remembrance 11:3,13-18 ; 111:4,30-3 1 Ksia.z Wielki - Jewish vital records 111:2,16-1 7 Staszôw - Story about found gravestone 111:2, 8 Ksiaz Wielki - Deaths 1826-186 7 IV:4,30-4 3 Staszôw - Necrology from Yizkor Book 111:2,22-2 7 Ksiaz Wielki - Marriages 1847-186 5 V:4,42-4 9 Stopnica - Article from Pinkas HaKehillot V:2,6-8 ; Kunôw - Visit story IV:2,3- 8 other articles V:2,9-1 4 Lagôw - Special section: Pinkas HaKehillot article, othe r Stopnica - Visit story IV:4,3- 8 articles V:3,3-2 3 Szczekociny - Births 1847-186 6 IV:2,47-6 2 Lagôw - Reminiscences 1:4,17-20 ; 111:4,3 1 Szczekociny - Marriages 1847-186 5 V:3,62-6 8 Lagôw - Toronto landsmanshaft 11:2,28-2 9 Szydlôw - Deaths 1854-187 6 IV:l,58-6 2 Lagôw - Toronto cemetery transcripts 111:4,11-1 7 Szydtowiec - Yizkor Book excerpts 1:1,13-16 ; 111:4,6-1 0 Malogoszcz - Article on history 1:3,19-2 4 Toronto, Canada - Landsmanschaftn 1:4,35-36 ; Malogoszcz - BMD 1810-184 3 1:3,27-3 8 11:1,7-11; 11:2,28-29 ; 111:4,11-17 ; IV:4,24-27 ; Olkusz-Births 1810-182 5 1:2,40-4 4 V:3,17 Olkusz-Marriages 1827-185 0 11:3,30-3 4 1851-187 0 Wqchock - Tombstone photographs index 11:2,17-1 8 IV:l,52-57; 1810-182 5 V:l,62-6 3 Wierzbnik - History, Landsmanshaft 11:1,3-1 1 Olkusz - Deaths 1810-182 5 V : 1,63-67 Wierzbnik - Yizkor Book excertps V:2,26-2 8 Opatôw - Marriages 1855-186 2 1:4,40-5 2 Wolanôw- BMD 1826-184 5 11:3,35-4 4 Opatôw - Visit story 1:1,9-1 2 Wolbrom - Births 1810-182 5 11:1,41-4 9 Opatôw - Yizkor Book necrology 111:3,7-1 0 Wolbrom - Births 1939-194 0 11:4,2 9 Opatôw - Yizkor Book excerpts V:4,1 1 -19 Wolbrom - Marriages 1810-182 5 111:4,61-6 4 Opatôw - Pinkas HaKehillot article V:4,3-1 0 Zwoleri - Yizkor Book excerpts IV : 1,20-25; IV:2,23-2 7 Opatôw - Book Review IV : 1,9-10 Autumn 2001 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volum e 5, Number 4 7 1

Methodology articles in the Kielce-Radom SIG Journal (Volume s I-V)

"Kielce and Radom Gubernias - Historical Geography" 1:1,3- 8 "The Power of Extracts" 1:1:25-2 9 "Vital Records in Poland — A Primer" 1:2,3- 7 "LDS Microfilm Maste r (Poland)" 1:2,9-1 1 "Early Surname Usage Survey" 1:2,19-2 0 "Don't Let a Little Extraction Scar e You!" 1:2,21-2 7 "How to Pronounce Your Polish Town and Family Names and Recognize Their Most Common Grammatical Transformations" 1:3,3- 6 "Kielce-Radom Landsmanshaftn" 1:3,8-1 1 "Geopolitical History of the Pilica Region" 1:3,12-1 4 "From the Kielce Archives Catalog: The Files of the State Administration a t the Wojewôdztwo (Guberniyal) and County Level until 1918 " 1:4,8-1 0 "Anomalies i n the Polish Vital Records" 1:4,11-1 6 "Geographic Subdivisions and Hierarchies" 1:4,37-3 8 "Protokols: Vital Record Verification" 11:1,15-1 8 "Confirming the Zelinger-Kestenberg Connection : Working with Early 19t h Century Vital Records" 11:2,9-1 4 "Conjectural Surnames : Analysis to Determine What Surnames Families Acquired" 11:3,3- 6 "Polish-Jewish Genealogy - Questions and Answers" 11:3,11-1 2 "Urzad Stan u Cywilnego (USC) Experiences" 11:3,22-2 3 "19th Century Juvenile Mortality: A Statistical Study" 11:4,5- 8 "Index vs. Extract vs. Translation" 11:4,27-2 8 "Yizkor Books for Kielce and Radom Gubernias" III : 1,7-10 "Hidden Treasures in Polish Vital Records" 111:1,11-1 3 "19th Century Occupations" 111:2,9-1 3 "Jewish Records Indexing Poland Project Update: Polish State Archives Project" 111:3,11-1 2 "Biuletyn Zydowskiego Instytutu Historycznego w Polsce" - A bibliography 111:3,20-2 1 "Russian-Japanese Wa r of 1904-190 5 - Jewish soldiers injured, killed,or missing i n action" 111:4,3- 5 "The Jewish Population i n the Towns in Sandomierz Province in the Second Half of the Seventeenth Century " 111:4,21-29 "Jewish Records Indexing Poland: 192 9 Business Directory Project" IV : 1,26-29 "A Personal Research Breakthrough" IV:2,9-1 2 "Bibliography: Polish-Jewish Genealogical Research" IV:2,28-2 9 "Metrical and Civil Registration Books in the Polish State Archives" IV:3,3-1 3 "Books of Residents (Ksiçgi Ludnosci) and other Books of Registration" IV:3,23-2 6 "From the Radom Archives Catalog: Preface, History of the Archives, Description of Holdings" IV:4,9-2 0 "Kielce-Radom Landsmanshaft Records at YIVO" V : 1,8-10 "Personnel Records of Rabbis in Radom Gubernia, 1867-1914 " V : 1,16-23 "Hitting a Moving Target - M y Danziger-Naiman Ancestry" V : 1,24-26 "Surname Variations in early 19t h century Olkusz" V:3,2 4 "Jewish Organizations in Kielce Province (1918-1939)" V:3,25-2 8 "From Evreiskaia Entsiklopediia - Kielc e and Radom gubernias" V:3,29-33 .

Book Review: Hamburg Passengers from the Kingdom of Poland and the Russian Empire, Indirect Passage to New York: 1855-June 1873, by Géraldine Moser and Marlene Silverman 1:1,2 4 Book Review: Autumn Leaves, by Lauren B. Eisenberg Davis 11:1,19-2 0 Book Review: Jewish Roots in Poland: Pages from the Past and Archival Inventories, b y Miriam Weiner 11:2,21-2 4 Book Review: The Jews in a Polish Private Town: The Case ofOpatôw in the Eighteenth Century, by Gershon David Hundert IV : 1,9-10 Book Notes: Pinkas HaKehillot, Polen, Volume VII: Lubin & Kielce Districts (Yad Vashem) IV : 1,30-31 Book Notes: Ksiçgi Metrykalne i Stanu Cywilnego w Archiwach Paiistwowe w Polsce [Metrical and Civil Registration Books in the Polish State Archives], edited by Helena Kisiel IV:3, 3 Book Review: Death Comes in Yellow: Skarzysko-Kamienna Slave Labor Camp, by Felicja Karay IV:3,18-2 2 Book Notes: In Their Words: A Genealogist's Translation Guide to Polish, German, Latin, and Russian Documents. Volume I: Polish, b y Jonathan D. Shea and William F. Hoffman. IV:4,2 8 Book Notes: Akta dotyczqce 2ydôw w randomskim Archiwum Panstwowym (1815-1950) [Documents Concerning Jews in the Radom State Archives], compiled by Adam Penkalla. V : 1,11 -15 Book Excerpts: Painted Memories: A Jewish Childhood in Poland Before the Holocaust, b y Mayer Kirshenblatt, Barbara Kirshenblatt-Gimblett. V:4,24-2 7

Occupations, in Polish 1:1,31-3 2 Occupations, i n Cyrillic 11:2,3- 8 Given Names, in Polish and Cyrillic 11:3,7- 9 Glossary

akta Polish vital records, often see n as a column heading in vital record indices and extracts, to denote the record numbers bann document of intent to marry Cyrillic alphabet used for the Russian language:

FHC LDS (Mormon) Family History Center, branch library FHL LDS (Mormon) Family History Library, in Salt Lake City, Utah gubernia geographic/political subdivisio n o f the Russian Empire, similar to a province, which applied to the Kingdom o f Poland from 1844 until World War I (Russian : ry6epHHfl ) HIAS Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society Hilfs Farein help union o r ai d society JRI-Poland Jewish Records Indexing - Poland , a database project hosted on JewishGen landsman someone who originated i n the same village prior to immigration (plural: landsleit) LDS Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, commonly used to denote the Mormon Family History Library, matronymic identification b y mother's given name monogenetic surname from a single progenitor; all bearers of the surname are related obwôd ' district, subdivision o f gubernia palatinate geographical/political subdivisio n of pre-partition Poland, similar to a province patronymic identification b y father's given name polygenetic surname originating from multipl e progenitors; all bearers of the surname are not related powiat district, subdivision of gubernia (Polish ) uezd district, subdivision of gubernia (Russia n Ye3flT > = Polish powiat) USC Urzqd Stanu Cywilnego = Civil Records Office, where vital records less than 10 0 years old are usually stored in each town wojewôdztvva geographical/political subdivisio n of the Kingdom o f Poland until its inclusion i n Russia's gubernia system i n 1844 , and again following Worl d Wa r I through the present

Polish Pronunciatio n Guid e

Polish Alphabet: aqbccdeçfghijkllmnnoôprsstuwyzz z

c = t s $ = om, on ch,h = k h Ç = em, en c, cz, ci = c h j = y s, sz, si = s h dz = j z, zi, rz = z h 1 = w w = V