Aircraft Survivability
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AIRCRAFT published by the Joint Aircraft 18FALL ISSUE Survivability Program Office SURVIVABILITY Onward to Higher Precision: Ballistic Stopping System Shows COVART 7.0 Superior Multiple-Hit Performance page 8 for CV-22 Osprey page 24 The HH-60W LFT&E Program: An Update Autonomous Self-Sealing Fuel page 12 Containment Systems: The Next Step in Fuel Tank Survivability Aircraft Survivability – The Korean page 28 War page 17 Aircraft Survivability is published three times a year by the Joint Aircraft Survivability Program TABLE OF CONTENTS Office (JASPO), chartered by the U.S. Army Aviation & Missile Command, U.S. Air Force Life Cycle Management Center, and U.S. Navy Naval Air Systems Command. 4 NEWS NOTES by Dale Atkinson 6 JCAT CORNER By Lt. Col. Andrew Roberts, CW5 Scott Brusuelas, and CDR Jay Kiser 8 ONWARD TO HIGHER PRECISION: COVART 7.0 by Rodney Stewart The last 45 years have brought great advances in the realms of computing and aircraft design. In terms of computing, we have seen the advent of desktop computing, the Internet, smartphones, cyber security, and a host of other advances that previous generations had hardly anticipated. Likewise, we have seen development and deployment of increasingly complex and technologically advanced aircraft, starting with systems such as the A-10 and F-16 in the 1970s and progressing up to the recently developed F-35 and KC-46 aircraft. The pace of progress has JAS Program Office been rapid since 1973; and, amazingly, COVART has remained a viable tool for performing ballistic 735 S. Courthouse Road vulnerability studies on aircraft all this time. It may have been slow to adapt to advancements in Suite 1100 Arlington, VA 22204-2489 computing technology, but it has remained a tool of choice for studies supporting even the latest http://jasp-online.org/ aircraft. Sponsor Dennis Lindell 12 THE HH-60W LFT&E PROGRAM: AN UPDATE by Samantha Block The Combat Rescue Helicopter (CRH) is an Acquisition Category (ACAT) 1C program based Editor-in-Chief Dale Atkinson at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH, and included on the Office of the Secretary of Defense’s Oversight List. The U.S. Air Force (USAF) program of record calls for 112 helicopters to replace The views and opinions expressed in the Air Force’s rapidly aging HH-60G Pave Hawk helicopters, which perform critical combat this journal are those of the authors and should not be construed as search and rescue and personnel recovery operations for all U.S. military services. The USAF official positions of the U.S. designated this aircraft the HH-60W. The Director, Operational Test and Evaluation (DOT&E) Government or its agencies. Reader views and comments may be determined that the CRH is a covered system for Live Fire Test and Evaluation (LFT&E). Due to directed to the JASPO. the considerable amount of test and combat data available on Black Hawk variants, the program obtained a full-up, system-level Live Fire Test (LFT) waiver. To meet LFT statutory requirements, To order back issues of Aircraft Survivability, send an email to the program developed a DOT&E-approved Alternative Test Plan. This article, which is a [email protected]. follow-on to an article in the fall 2017 issue of Aircraft Survivability, presents an overview of the HH-60W aircraft, the status of the LFT&E program, and an overview of the plan for the next year. On the cover: Ospreys on a Mission in the Western Pacific(U.S. Navy Photo/MC3 A. Sampson) AS Journal 18 / FALL jasp-online.org 2 Mailing list additions, deletions, changes, as well as calendar items may be directed to: 17 AIRCRAFT SURVIVABILITY – THE KOREAN WAR by David Legg “North Korea’s President Kim Il Sung launched his ground forces south of the 38th parallel at 0400 hours on June 25, 1950. Eleven hours later, two propeller-driven North Korean Yak-9P fighters appeared over Seoul International Airport and strafed seven Republic of Korea aircraft. DSIAC Headquarters At nearby Kimpo, two more Yaks shot up the control tower, blew up a fuel tank, then set an 4695 Millennium Drive Belcamp, MD 21017-1505 American C-54 transport on fire.” Phone: 443/360-4600 Fax: 410/272-6763 24 BALLISTIC STOPPING SYSTEM SHOWS SUPERIOR Email: [email protected] DSIAC is sponsored by the Defense MULTIPLE-HIT PERFORMANCE FOR CV-22 OSPREY Technical Information Center (DTIC) by Zachary Atcheson and is operated by the SURVICE An article in the summer 2015 issue of Aircraft Survivability discusses the successful rapid Engineering Company under Contract FA8075-14-D-0001. development of the Advanced Ballistic Stopping System (ABSS) armor developed by The Protection Group (TPG), in conjunction with the U.S. Army Aviation Development Directorate, the DSIAC Program Manager Applied Aviation Technology Directorate, the U.S. Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR), and the Ted Welsh Special Operations Command. The development was achieved in 180 days, a truly remarkable accomplishment in today’s acquisition process. The 2015 article details how the ABSS armor Copy Editor Eric Edwards uses an ultra-high-molecular-weight-polyethylene material that meets strict requirements set forth by the Combat Mission Need Statement (CMNS) in support of CV-22 troop protection. Art Director Under the CMNS, the material went through a rigorous verification and validation test series, Melissa Gestido which included environmental qualification, ballistic qualification, material property characteriza- tion, and structural stress analysis. Distribution Statement A: Approved for public release; distribution unlimited, per DoD Office of Prepublication and Security 28 AUTONOMOUS SELF-SEALING FUEL CONTAINMENT Review, Case No. 18-S-1971. SYSTEMS: THE NEXT STEP IN FUEL TANK SURVIVABILITY by Harry R. Luzetsky While aircraft survivability technology has made significant advances over the years, the United States still relies on self-sealing fuel tank technology that was developed and imple- mented in the early 20th century. Without a self-sealing fuel cell, a penetration event (e.g., ballistic impact) yielding a hole in the tank can result in fuel leakage, which can decrease the vehicle range and result in an in-air fire. The first successful demonstration of a self-sealing fuel tank reportedly occurred in May of 1927 by the Navy Bureau of Standards. The layered-wall tank consisted of galvanized iron walls with felt, gum rubber, and Ivory soap whitening paste sand- wiched in between. By World War II, a more advanced, lighter design was developed and implemented on U.S. military aircraft. This design, which remains largely unaltered on today’s military aircraft, consists of a layer of unvulcanized rubber sandwiched between two layers of vulcanized rubber. Upon penetration by a projectile, fuel flows through the hole, causing the unvulcanized layer to swell and seal the puncture. 3 jasp-online.org AS Journal 18 / FALL By Dale NEWS NOTES Atkinson event was renamed “JMUM” in 2003. The purpose of the JMUM is to bring together community members to share insights and lessons learned and to discuss the latest developments and updates of JASP-sponsored and other models used throughout the aircraft survivability/vulnerability industry. Technical presentations this year were (South Carolina Air National Guard Photo/TSgt J. Intriago) given by representatives of the National Air and Space Intelligence Center AIRCRAFT FIRE HAZARDS, Fire Detection Systems (NASIC); National Ground Intelligence Center (NGIC); Office of Naval PROTECTION, AND Fire Suppression Systems Aircraft Accident Investigation Intelligence (ONI); Air Force Office of INVESTIGATION COURSE Summary of Fire/Explosion Pattern Studies, Analyses, and Assessments; Recognition Air Force Life Cycle Management An Aircraft Fire Hazards, Protection, and Center; AFIT; 704th Test Group; Naval Investigation course is being held from For more information about the course, Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren 30 October though 1 November in contact [email protected]. Division, Naval Air Warfare Center Woburn, MA. The 3-day course, hosted Weapons Division, Aircraft Shoot Down by BlazeTech Corporation, will cover a JMUM CELEBRATES Assessment Team; Army Research wide range of issues associated with Laboratory; Institute for Defense fire and explosion hazards on commer- 20 YEARS Analyses; Booz Allen Hamilton; TETRA; cial and military aircraft, including Raytheon; ManTech/SRS; Cummings fundamental concepts, initiating events On 12–14 June, more than 100 model Aerospace; Lockheed Martin; and the and evolution, systems survivability, users, developers, managers, stakehold- SURVICE Engineering Company. design issues, protection methods, and ers, and other aircraft survivability forensic implications. Specific topics practitioners gathered at the Air Force Topics for the JMUM plenary session will include: Institute of Technology (AFIT) at included the following: Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH, for Flammability of Fuels, Oils, and the 2018 Joint Aircraft Survivability Threat Updates Hydraulics Program (JASP) Model Users Meeting China Integrated Air Defense System Fuel Tank Fire and Explosion (JMUM). This year’s meeting, hosted by Intel/Threat Briefing Engine Fires JASP and administered by the Defense NGIC Models: Threats to Airborne Systems Information Analysis Center Post-Crash Fires Systems th Li- Battery Fires (in Cabins and Cargo) (DSIAC), marked the 20 year of the JMUM Naval Surface-to-Air Missile Flammability of Polymeric Materials gathering, as well as its highest (SAM) Update Cabin Fires attendance to date. Aircraft Combat Data