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Chapter 3-Deicing /Anti-Icing Fluids

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Chapter 3-Deicing /Anti-Icing Fluids When in Doubt... Small and Large Aircraft Aircraft Critical Surface Contamination Training For Aircrew and Groundcrew Seventh Edition December 2004 2 When in Doubt…TP 10643E How to Use This Manual This manual has been organized and written in chapter and summary format. Each chapter deals with certain topics that are reviewed in a summary at the end of the chapter. The manual is divided into two parts: Part 1-for aircrew and groundcrew; Part 2-additional information for ground crew. The final chapter contains questions that any operator may utilize for their ground icing program examination. The references for each question are listed to assist with answers. The Holdover Tables (HOT) included in the appendix are solely for the use with the examination questions and must not be used for operations. Contact Transport Canada from the addresses located later in this document for the latest HOT. Warnings These are used throughout this manual and are items, which will result in: damage to equipment, personal injury and/or loss of life if not carefully followed. Cautions These are used throughout this manual and are items, which may result in: damage to equipment, personal injury or loss of life if not carefully followed. Notes These are items that are intended to further explain details and clarify by amplifying important information. Should Implies that it is advisable to follow the suggested activity, process or practice. Must Implies that the suggested activity, process or practice needs to be followed because there are significant safety implications. Comments or suggestions with respect to this publication should be referred to: Transport Canada Place de Ville, Tower C Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0N8 Telephone: (613) 998-8168 Facsimile: (613) 990-6215 email: [email protected] 3 When in Doubt…TP 10643E Record of Revisions REVISION DATE DESCRIPTION AFFECTED INITIALS OF CHANGES PAGES 4 When in Doubt…TP 10643E Part 1: Aircrew and Groundcrew Training 5 When in Doubt…TP 10643E Table of Contents How to Use This Manual........................................................................................ 2 Record of Revisions ............................................................................................... 3 PART 1: AIRCREW AND GROUNDCREW TRAINING ...................................... 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................. 5 LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES ................................................................. 9 Foreword ...................................................................................................................10 CHAPTER 1- AIR LAW, THE CLEAN AIRCRAFT CONCEPT .......................... 11 History .......................................................................................................................11 AIR LAW, THE CLEAN AIRCRAFT CONCEPT ............................................. 14 Summary-Chapter 1 ..................................................................................................17 CHAPTER 2-THEORY AND AIRCRAFT PERFORMANCE ................................ 18 Frozen Contaminants ......................................................................................... 19 Freezing Rain Conditions ..................................................................................... 19 Freezing Drizzle ................................................................................................... 20 Ice Pellets ............................................................................................................. 20 Snow Pellets ......................................................................................................... 20 Hail ....................................................................................................................... 20 Frost ...................................................................................................................... 21 Hoarfrost ............................................................................................................... 21 Frost on the Fuselage ............................................................................................ 21 Snow ..................................................................................................................... 21 Holdover Time Guidelines – General .................................................................. 23 Summary-Chapter 2 ..................................................................................................25 CHAPTER 3-DEICING /ANTI-ICING FLUIDS ................................................ 27 Deicing and Anti-icing of Aircraft ....................................................................... 27 De/Anti-Icing........................................................................................................ 27 Fluid Properties .................................................................................................... 28 Fluid Description .................................................................................................. 28 Industry Fluid Specifications................................................................................ 29 Qualified Fluids .................................................................................................... 29 Freezing Characteristics of FPD Fluids................................................................ 29 FPD Fluid Strength When Applied ...................................................................... 29 Recommended Practices....................................................................................... 30 Colour ................................................................................................................... 30 SAE Type I Fluids (Orange) ................................................................................ 31 SAE Type II Fluids (Clear or Pale Straw) ............................................................ 31 Type III Fluids (TBA ) ........................................................................................ 32 SAE Type IV Fluids (Emerald Green) ................................................................. 32 Aerodynamics ....................................................................................................... 33 High Speed Test ................................................................................................... 33 Low Speed Test .................................................................................................... 33 Freezing Point....................................................................................................... 34 Qualified Fluids .................................................................................................... 34 6 When in Doubt…TP 10643E FPD Temperature Buffer ...................................................................................... 34 Lowest Operational Use Temperature of Types I, II, III, & IV fluids ................. 35 Type II and Type IV Fluid Dryout ....................................................................... 35 Summary Chapter 3 ..................................................................................................37 CHAPTER 4-PREVENTATIVE MEASURES AND DEICING PROCEDURES ......... 39 Hangars ................................................................................................................. 39 Wing Covers ......................................................................................................... 39 Manual Methods ................................................................................................... 40 Brooms ................................................................................................................. 41 Scrapers ................................................................................................................ 41 Ropes .................................................................................................................... 41 Portable Forced Air Heaters ................................................................................. 42 Hand Sprayers ...................................................................................................... 42 Deicing and Anti-Icing the Airframe ................................................................... 43 Deicing the Engine Area ...................................................................................... 46 Ground Deicing/Anti-Icing With Main Engines and/or APU Running ............... 47 Central and Remote Deicing ................................................................................ 47 Variables That Can Influence Holdover Time ..................................................... 48 Sufficient Lead Time ............................................................................................ 49 Exchange of Vital Information Prior to the Deicing / Anti-Icing Fluid Application .............................................................................................................................. 49 Pre De/Anti-icing ................................................................................................. 50 Final Anti-icing Fluid Application Start Time ..................................................... 50 Communicating Problems to the Pilot.................................................................. 50 Aircraft Alignment During Deicing ....................................................................
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