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NEWSLETTER 139 October 2015 Registered Charity No Registered Charity No. 105565 NEWSLETTER 139 October 2015 Registered Charity No. 1055654 Boscawen-un Circle, St Buryan. Painting copyright by Millie Holman. 2014 A Reinterpretation of the Rock Art at Boscawen-ûn Stone Circle: Thomas Goskar FSA In 1986 Ian Cooke first recorded, on the north-east side of the central stone at Boscawen-ûn stone circle, the presence of a pair of carvings interpreted as representations of stone axes. This remarkable discovery is relatively obscure and beyond the initial plans to record their location, and beyond Peter Herring’s excellent report in 2000, little research has been undertaken. In early July 2015 the author was kindly taken to Boscawen-ûn by Adrian Rodda and shown the carvings. During this visit the central stone was recorded using photogrammetry, a technique which uses photographs to create a highly detailed 3D surface model. Close analysis of the resulting 3D model of the central stone revealed the carvings clearly. The model was straightened so that they could be inspected more closely. Surface colour was removed and digital techniques were employed to accentuate any surface features. The results were surprising. Fig1.Depth Image of the NE (inner leaning face) of the central stone. Fig 2(Right)). Accessibility shaded image. The carvings appear to represent not two stone axes but a pair of feet, soles outwards, carved in low relief. A row of “toes” can be discerned, especially on the right- hand foot. They bear a striking resemblance, albeit weathered and on coarse Land’s End granite, to those recorded at Dolmen du Petit-Mont at Arzon in Brittany. Barbara Bender noted in 1986 that the stone bearing the feet motif had disappeared. Presumably it was removed or destroyed in WW2. However, the author has discovered a photograph in Pequart & Le Rouzic’s 1927 Corpus des Signes Graves des Monuments Megalithiques du Morbihan, which is reproduced here. The feet are quite similar in appearance, albeit slightly smaller at 230mm (ours are about 450mm long) Fig 3. Plate 77 from Pequart & Le Rouzic 1927, showing the twin feet motif on stone 8 at Dolmen du Petit-Mont. This is not the only surprise at Boscawen-un. The data has revealed about 500mm above the feet a pair of circular features, also in low relief, which appear very similar to carvings interpreted as breasts on some allee- couvertes in Brittany (Tresse, Prajou-Menhir, etc.) Along with the presence of the possible cromlech noted by Dr Borlase, perhaps we could consider that the stone circle was, for reasons unknown, constructed with reused stone from a much larger chambered tomb which incorporated decorated stones in the Breton style. Those symbols may have had potent significance, enough to position them in the centre of a new monument. Reuse of decorated and standing stones is known in Brittany (see Scarre 2011, p 147). Many of the inner faces of the stones at Boscawen-un are flat – perhaps once lining a small passage or chamber. More research is in progress and a more detailed article is in preparation. References: Barbara Bender with Robert Caillaud. The Archaeology of Brittany, Normandy and the Channel Islands: An introduction and Guide. London: Faber and Faber, 1986. Peter Herring. Boscawen, St Buryan, Cornwall: archaeological assessment. Truro: Cornwall County Council, 2000. Martha et Saint-Just Péquart & Zacharie Le Rouzic. Corpus des Signes Gravés des Monuments Mégalithiques du Morbihan. Paris A. Picard & Berger-Levrault, 1927. Chris Scarre. Landscapes of Neolithic Brittany. OUP. 2011. THE PRESIDENT’S PIECE – Nick Johnson By way of introduction, I joined the Society in 1975. It was a time of great change in the archaeological world, with professional archaeological units being formed across the country. Cornwall and Devon were early adopters. I was appointed Rural Survey Officer with the Cornwall Committee for Rescue Archaeology (CCRA). This became the Cornwall Archaeological Unit and later the Historic Environment Service (Cornwall Council). What many Members may not know is that it was Cornwall Archaeological Society that sponsored CCRA in the first place. The Society had been a pioneer of Parish Checklists, which were in effect embryo Historic Environment Records. Professor Charles Thomas (former President of CAS) was chair of CCRA, and Peter Trudgian (CAS Hon Treasurer) its Vice-Chairman, and Mary Irwin (CAS Hon Sec) its Hon Secretary. The Society has been the midwife and long term friend and ally of the professional archaeological service, which has served Cornwall and Scilly since then. It seems an uncomfortable coincidence therefore that 40 years on, at the start of my Presidency, the Society is seeing equally momentous changes in the heritage world. Public sector archaeology is changing dramatically: In the face of huge cuts to Cornwall Council budgets, the Historic Environment Service has been chopped up into four separate units and staff numbers drastically reduced: 1) Planning archaeology and historic buildings; 2) World Heritage Site office; 3) Cornwall Archaeological Unit (project consultancy); 4) Historic Environment Strategy with the Historic Environment Record. The Royal Cornwall Museum, which looks after the huge majority of archaeological finds in Cornwall, has also suffered a dramatic drop in public funding over the last five years, and like most museums has a chronic storage problem and has not accepted archaeological archives for the last five years. At the same time the government’s principal heritage advisor has been split into two parts, with the English Heritage Trust retaining the national collection of historic properties, and Historic England continuing the task of advice, grant support, heritage designation and as the keeper of national archaeological records. Lastly, but by no means least, the Government intends to devolve more responsibility to Cornwall Council for the care of the historic environment as part of a more general devolution package, at a time when the local authority’s heritage advice and information capacity has been reduced by over 75% This is not a good time to be faced with the urgent need for more housing and a more general loosening up of the planning process that is bound to result in much greater pressure on the historic environment. It seems almost sadistic to mention that in the background lurks the inevitability of sea level rise that will affect our historic coastal towns and villages, and the no less dramatic changes that we are seeing in the countryside as we begin to stumble towards green energy. How should CAS react to all this? Do we panic or do we “step up to the plate”?.....in reality we probably should do both! As volunteers we can never hope to replace the lost capacity of the Archaeological Planning Advisors and Conservation Officers in County Hall. Despite this there is a lot that CAS can do and over the next few issues of the Newsletter I hope to explore how the Society can help to ensure that most of the changes mentioned above are turned into opportunities for CAS Members to get even more involved in archaeology around the county. I should finish on a positive note. We must always remember that a massive amount has been achieved over the last 40 years in protecting the archaeological legacy. Cornwall and Scilly now have a very large number and range of designated buildings, monuments and sites. Scheduled Monuments: 1,347 Cornwall; 238 Scilly Listed Buildings: 12,552 Cornwall; 128 Scilly Conservation Areas: 145 Cornwall (4411 ha); 1 Scilly (1603 ha) Registered Parks and Gardens; 37 Cornwall (3709 ha); 1 Scilly (30ha) Registered Battlefields: 4 Cornwall (Civil War) (613 ha) Designated Wrecks: 8 Cornwall; 4 Scilly Protected War Grave wrecks: 5 Cornwall Cornish Mining World Heritage Site that covers (18,222ha, 5.5 % of the county) Tax- exempt Heritage Land properties: 7 Cornwall Cornwall and Scilly have the largest number of designated heritage assets in England, and Cornwall Council owns the largest portfolio of designated heritage assets of any local authority. This is both a cultural blessing and a huge responsibility, and one, which CAS can be involved in. Mick Aston - We were delighted to hear last year that the Society was to receive a legacy from Mick Aston’s estate. Mick joined the Society in 1965 and throughout his illustrious career as Somerset County Archaeologist, extra-mural lecturer, Professor of Archaeology at Bristol, as prolific author, and as the famously tousled stripey- Members of the public were invited to the site to meet the jerseyed Time Team presenter he never lost interest in local diggers, inspect the finds, and try their hand at excavation. archaeological societies and the value of community archaeology. We are now in receipt of a generous benefaction of £8,080.47. After much debate Trustees agreed that the money would be used to match-fund CAS and other organisations’ research and fieldwork projects across Cornwall over the coming years. CBA FESTIVAL OF ARCHAEOLOGY 2015. Tywardreath Priory. As part of the CBA archaeology week, on Sunday 18 July, Help Find Tywardreath Priory ran an open day. Find Tywardreath Priory is a group of individuals who are attempting to locate the exact position of the Anna Tyacke, Finds Liaison Officer for the Portable Antiquities Priory, with long term aims of Scheme was on hand to identify visitors’ finds. running a community archaeology project based around the Priory. There was experimental test-pitting. Tom Goskar hardly had time to draw breath as his presentation on LiDAR was so popular. A display of material, documentary and finds, also attracted a lot of interest. MAG opened up new test pits in the area of the field that had long Many thanks are due to Neill Wood and his student Mike Andow been of interest, containing geophysical anomalies possibly from Camborne School of Mines, University of Exeter, Penryn indicative of settlement features.
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