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End of Year Report 1 End of year report Tamar, Camel, Fowey and Slapton Ley Catchments May 2004 - May 2005 Dr Polly Bown Mr Toby Russell September 2005 Summary The Westcountry Rivers Trust is the UK partner of the Indicang Project through which four river catchments are being investigated: the Tamar, Camel, Fowey and Slapton Ley. These river catchments are all located in the South-West of the UK. Physical Characteristics of the Catchments The Tamar catchment is the largest of the four with an area of 927.75 km2, followed by the Camel catchment at 413.0 km2, the Fowey catchment 177.5 km2 and the catchment of Slapton Ley 47.4 km2. These catchments all have a strong rural and farming influence and experience climatic conditions typical of Atlantic Britain with mild wet winters and cool, moist summers. Data regarding river flow is available for all the catchments from large datasets held by the UK Environment Agency. These datasets can be obtained and used in the project if found to be relevant. Water Quality data for the Tamar and Camel have been located for 2002-2004 covering a wide range of parameters. More data of this type is available from the Environment Agency but the most relevant data to the project needs to be identified before collection of further information. The locations of dams, weirs and waterfalls have been mapped for all catchments. One dam and a series of weirs in the Tamar catchment, one dam in the Camel catchment and two dams in the Fowey catchment were found to be impassable to fish. Fish would have free circulation throughout the Slapton Ley catchment. Eel Exploitation Initial investigation into eel fishing within the four catchments has produced information from the Environment Agency regarding eel licences and catch returns for 2003 in Devon and Cornwall. Methods identified for capturing elvers and eels are Fyke nets, Dip nets and traps. Future work will involve expanding upon this data. Eel Resource Data concerning the presence and absence of eels in the Tamar catchment has been located for 1987-2004 and length data for the eels for 2002-2004 show an increase in average length with increasing site distance from the tidal limit. Only three specific densities estimates have been found for eels in the Tamar catchment. Further work will involve locating more length and density data for eels within the Tamar catchment. Data concerning the presence and absence of eels within the Fowey catchment have also been located for 1977-2004 spanning the impoundment of Colliford Reservoir and the creation of the impassable fish barrier. Length and density data have also been gathered for 1977-1987 and show increasing average length and decreasing density with increasing site distance from the tidal limit. An elver trap has been established at the entrance to the Slapton Ley catchment through collaboration with the Slapton Ley National Nature Reserve. Project Promotion and Contacts A number of contacts have been established through the Indicang Project such as agencies, research groups, the National Nature Reserve at Slapton Ley, local fishing groups and larger groups such as the Association of Rivers Trusts. Project promotion has included newsletter articles, a press release, a presentation, a BBC radio interview and website promotion. All maps have been reproduced by permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of HMSO. © Crown Copyright and database right 2005. All rights reserved, Environment Agency. Ordnance Survey Licence Number 100026380. INDICANG. End of year report. Tamar, Camel, Fowey and Slapton Ley Catchments. 1 1. INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................ 3 2. THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FOUR UK CATCHMENTS STUDIED FOR THE INDICANG PROJECT............................................................................................................... 4 2.1. THE TAMAR CATCHMENT ............................................................................................... 4 2.1.1. The Physical Environment................................................................................... 4 2.1.2. Rate of River Flow ............................................................................................... 5 2.1.3. Water and Sediment Quality................................................................................ 6 2.1.4. Location of Dams, Weirs and Waterfalls.............................................................. 7 2.2. THE CAMEL CATCHMENT ............................................................................................... 8 2.2.1. The Physical Environment................................................................................... 8 2.2.2. Rate of River Flow ............................................................................................... 9 2.2.3. Water and Sediment Quality................................................................................ 9 2.2.4. Location of Dams, Weirs and Waterfalls.............................................................. 9 2.3. THE FOWEY CATCHMENT............................................................................................. 10 2.3.1. The Physical Environment................................................................................. 10 2.3.2. Rate of River Flow ............................................................................................. 11 2.3.3. Water and Sediment Quality.............................................................................. 11 2.3.4. Location of Dams, Weirs and Waterfalls............................................................ 11 2.4. THE SLAPTON LEY CATCHMENT ................................................................................... 12 2.4.1. The Physical Environment................................................................................. 12 2.4.2. Rate of River Flow ............................................................................................. 13 2.4.3. Water and Sediment Quality.............................................................................. 13 2.4.4. Location of Dams, Weirs and Waterfalls............................................................ 13 3. EEL FISHING WITHIN THE FOUR UK CATCHMENTS ................................................. 14 4. THE EEL RESOURCE WITHIN THE FOUR UK CATCHMENTS................................... 14 4.1. THE TAMAR CATCHMENT ............................................................................................. 14 4.1.1. Presence and absence of eels .......................................................................... 14 4.1.2. Length data ........................................................................................................ 14 4.1.3. Density data ....................................................................................................... 15 4.2. THE FOWEY CATCHMENT............................................................................................. 15 4.2.1. Presence and absence of eels .......................................................................... 15 4.2.2. Length data ........................................................................................................ 17 4.2.3. Density data ....................................................................................................... 18 4.3. THE SLAPTON LEY CATCHMENT ................................................................................... 19 4.3.1. Eel Migration...................................................................................................... 19 5. PROJECT PROMOTION AND CONTACTS ................................................................... 19 6. REFERENCES AND SOURCES OF INFORMATION .................................................... 20 INDICANG. End of year report. Tamar, Camel, Fowey and Slapton Ley Catchments. 2 1. Introduction The International Council for the Exploration of the Seas (ICES) has concluded that the North Atlantic eel stock is now below safe biological limits. The reasons for the decline are unclear although several factors such as changes in the marine environment are generally agreed to be significant (Environment Agency, 2005). Due to the nature of their life cycle, the decline in the stock of eels has occurred across Europe thus it is imperative that all eel fisheries and their habitats are managed to common objectives. The Indicang Project promotes this cooperation and the Westcountry Rivers Trust as the UK partner is to provide data concerning the eel resource, their environment and their exploitation for four river catchments in the UK. INDICANG. End of year report. Tamar, Camel, Fowey and Slapton Ley Catchments. 3 2. The characteristics of the four UK catchments studied for the Indicang Project The following section contains information regarding the physical environment of the four UK catchments that are being investigated through the Indicang Project. The position of the four catchments, the Tamar, Camel, Fowey and Slapton Ley are displayed as Figure 1. DEVON Tamar Catchment Camel Catchment Slapton Ley Catchment CORNWALL Fowey Catchment Figure 1 - Position of the four river catchments in the South West of the UK 2.1. The Tamar Catchment 2.1.1. The Physical Environment The Tamar catchment is the largest of the four UK catchments that are under investigation through the Indicang Project. It is often separated and discussed in terms of the freshwater Tamar and tributaries, and the Tamar estuary and tributaries. For the purpose
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