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Ubice Iz Potaje Varijacije Na Zadatu Temu ARSENASpecijalni prilogL 42 VI[ENAMENSKA OKLOPNA VOZILA TO^KA[I 4H4 Varijacije na zadatu temu OKLOPNI AUTOMOBILI AB-40 I AB-41 Autoblinda RU^NA I PRENOSNA PROTIVOKLOPNA SREDSTVA Ubice iz potaje VI[ENAMENSKA OKLOPNA VOZILA TO^KA[I 4H4 Varijacije na U procesu profesionalizacije Vojske Srbije koja je ove godine u zavr{noj fazi, treba izvr{iti modernizaciju dela mehanizovanih i pe{adijskih bataqona za misije o~uvawa odbrane i bezbednosti Srbije (ukqu~uju}i i u~e{}e u snagama UN). O~ekuje se da se do 2012. te jedinice opreme savremenijim sredstvima. Vozila i oru|a kojima Vojska raspola`e nasle|ena su od biv{e JNA, a uvedena su u operativnu upotrebu pre 30–40 godina, pa su SADR@AJ moralno i fizi~ki dotrajala. Za koja }e se oklopna borbena Vi{enamenska oklopna vozila nadle`ni u sistemu vozila to~ka{i 4h4 odbrane odlu~iti, vide}e se Varijacije na zadatu uskoro, a u ovom tekstu temu 2 Panther (Iveco MLV) ME19 WM na analizirana su oklopna vozila ispitnoj stazi u Britaniji to~ka{i 4h4. Ru~na i prenosna protivoklopna ahvaquju}i tehni~ko-tehnolo{kom na- svakoj diviziji mehanizovanih jedinica bio sredstva pretku u segmentu terenskih i borbenih je opremqen samo jedan bataqon oklopne Ubica iz potaje 16 vozila stvoreni su uslovi (u prvim de- pe{adije. cenijama 20. veka) da se formacije Zkopnene vojske sve vi{e motorizuju (ko- Evolucija mehanizovanih Ruska pu{ka SVT-40 (2) riste vozila samo za transport vojnika) i jedinica @rtva rat nog vre me na 22 mehanizuju (koriste vozila za transport, ali i za borbu iz vozila). U periodu izme|u Pr- Posle Drugog svetskog rata (najpre vog i Drugog svetskog rata eksperimentisano samo u SSSR-u) ponovo se uvode forma- Oklopni automobili AB-40 i AB-41 je sa raznim sastavima mehanizovanih jedi- cije mehanizovanih jedinica, a zapadne Autoblinda 28 nica – kombinacija oklopnih automobila, zemqe ih formiraju po~ev od 1959. godi- tenkova i motorizovane pe{adije. One u od- ne (najpre Francuska i Nema~ka), jer se nosu na oklopne jedinice imaju mawu udarnu uvidelo da mogu biti korisne u uslovima snagu, ali su pogodnije za izvr{avawe ve}eg ve} nastalih brojnih lokalnih ratova. U broja borbenih zadataka na razli~itom zem- SAD se mehanizovane jedinice uvode od qi{tu i, {to je posebno va`no, u naseqe- 1965. po planu ROAD-65, koji predvi|a nim mestima. specifi~nu formaciju sa vi{e mehanizo- Ubrzo, po po~etku Drugog svetskog rata vanih i oklopnih bataqona i artiqerij- po kazuju se nepodesnim za borbu, pa su ras- skih diviziona 105 mm i 155 mm, po jed- formirane. Me|utim, zbog velikih tenkov- nim izvi|a~kim, in`iwerijskim i avio- skih gu bitaka i `eqe da se pro{iri spektar bataqonom, bataqonom veze i pozadin- borbenih osobina jedinica, ponovno se fo - skom jedinicom. rmiraju mehanizovane jedinice, najpre u U posledwih dvadeset godina doktri- SSSR, ve} tokom 1942. (1944. godine SSSR na upo trebe ko pnene vo jske do`ivela je ima 13 mehanizovanih korpusa). Nema~ka zn atne izmene, a prirodni sled tih izme- Urednik priloga uvo di formaciju jedinice oklopne pe{adije, na odrazio se na formacijske sastave i Mira [vedi} od motorizovane pe{adije i bataqona ten- opremawe mehanizovanih jedinica. Ra- kova ili juri{nih topova. Kako u to vreme spadom oru`anih snaga Var{avskog ugo- nije bilo dovoqno oklopnih transportera, u vora, uvo|ewem ameri~ke doktrine va- 2 15. jun 2010. 42 Prva realna ve`ba tih snaga – „Stead- fast Jaguar 06” izvedena je juna 2006, a na Samitu u Rigi iste godine objavqeno je da su a zadatu temu snage NRF dostigle kona~ni operacioni ka- pacitet od skoro 25.000 vojnika. Pre toga delovi NRF u~estvovali su u vi{e humani- tarnih operacija: obezbe|ewu Olimpijskih igara u Atini 2004 i predsedni~kih izbora u Avganistanu 2004, pru`awu vazdu{ne po- mo}u stanovni{tvu u SAD, posle nepogode izazvane dejstvom ciklona Katrin 2005. go- dine. Od oktobra 2005. do februara 2006. snage NRF uspostavile su, posle katastro- falnog zemqotresa (osam stepeni Rihtero- ve skale) u Pakistanu, vazdu{ni most za pre- voz 3.500 tona humanitarne pomo}i, a teh- ni~ko i medicinsko osobqe je u tom delu zem- qe pru`alo pomo} `rtvama zemqotresa. Snage NRF sposobne su da na bilo ko- joj lokaciji u svetu izvode gamu borbenih i neborbenih operacija (evakuacija stano- vni{tva, upravqawe krizama tokom kata- strofe, borba protiv terorizma, funkcija „inicijalne snage“ do dolaska zna~ajnih sna- ga). One mogu da se razviju u roku od pet da- na i da izvr{avaju misiju u trajawu od 30 dana ili vi{e, uz dopuwavawe svih potreb- nih resursa. Te snage su formirane i funk- cioni{u na principu rotacije. Naime, zem- qe ~lanice Natoa obezbe|uju jedinice kop- nene vojske, vazduhoplovstva, mornarice i specijalne jedinice na period od {est me- seci. Aktivnom u~e{}u u snagama NRF pret- hodi period obuke (po vrlo o{trim norma- ma) od {est meseci kada se oprema i jedini- zdu{no-kopnene bitke (krajem osamde- francuske i ameri~ke modele. Prekretnica ce testiraju na slo`enim ve`bama. Snage setih), a kasnije (tokom devedesetih) for- je nastala 2002. kada je na Samitu Natoa u NRF objediwavaju kopnene snage kapaciteta mirawem snaga za brzo reagovawe (zbog Pragu lansirana inicijativa da se osnuju jedne brigade, mornari~ku takti~ku grupu sa promene filozofije upotrebe oru`anih zajedni~ke stalne snage za brze intervenci- nosa~ima aviona, amfibijskom grupom i gru- snaga Natoa i zemaqa EU), radikalno se je NRF (Nato Rapid Force). Koncept NRF usvo- pom za dejstvo na kopnu, vazduhoplovnu grupu mewa koncept re{ewa oklopnih borbenih jen je na ministarskom sastanku Natoa u Bri- koja mo`e da ima oko 200 dnevnih naleta, sredstava mehanizovanih jedinica u sa- selu juna 2003. godine. Prvo formacijsko te dopunske specijalne snage koje se mogu stavu snaga za mirovne misije OUN u sve- re{ewe snaga sa oko 9.500 pripadnika pozvati za slu~aj potrebe. Pored toga, tre- NRF ba ista}i da je na~in formirawa tih snaga tu, radi prilago|avawa slede}im zadaci- predstavqeno je 15. oktobra 2003, a godinu ma: borbi protiv terorista u naseqenim inicijalni korak za daqe vojne transfor- dana kasnije na neformalnom sastanku u mestima, pomo}i stanovni{tvu u slu~aje- macije Alijanse. vima prirodnih elementarnih nepogoda. Bra{ovu (Rumunija) komandant zajedni~kih Poznato je da se Vojska Srbije reorga- Formirawe snaga za brze intervenci- snaga objavio je da NRF ima po~etni opera- nizuje prema standardima Natoa, te je lo- je zahtevalo je da se one popuwavaju tivni kapacitet od oko 17.000 vojnika. gi~no da }e radi wenih priprema za aktiv- iskqu~ivo profesionalnim osobqem, koje nosti u okviru Partnerstva za mir, biti or- treba da bude osposobqeno da izvr{ava BROJ ganizovana i materijalno modernizovana, dvojnu misiju – borbenu, ako u~estvuje u bor- shodno o~ekivanom u~e{}u u mirovnim i benim operacijama (tipa anga`ovawa Na- U svetu je do sada realizovan veliki drugim humanitarnim misijama. Prema ra- toa u Iraku i Avganistanu), i civilnu, ako broj modela oklopnih vozila to~ka{a. spolo`ivim podacima, u sastavu brigada u~estvuje u humanitarnim operacijama (tipa Navodi se 163. Od toga je 86 modela vo- kopnene vojske (ukupno ~etiri) ima osam me- anga`ovawa snaga UN u nekim afri~kim zila 4h4, 42 modela vozila 6h6, 34 mode- hanizovanih bataqona i sedam pe{adijskih zemqama i Bosni, snaga Kfora na Kosmetu la 8h8 i jedan model vozila 10h10. Tako bataqona, a u specijalnoj brigadi postoje radi za{tite mawinskog stanovni{tva ili u je prema{en broj modela guseni~nih vozi- jedan bataqon za protivteroristi~ka dej- za{titi stanovni{tva pri elementarnim la. Prema nameni, naj~e{}i tipovi su: stva i jedan izvi|a~ko-diverzantski bata- qon. U procesu profesionalizacije VS koja nepogodama – zemqotres, orkanski vetar, transporter osnovne borbene jedinice, je ove godine u zavr{noj fazi, a radi ospo- po`ar, poplava). borbeno vozilo pe{adije, borbeno vozi- sobqavawa dela mehanizovanih i pe{adij- Snage za brze intervencije formira- lo za neposrednu podr{ku, borbeno vozi- lo za protivoklopnu borbu, izvi|a~ko vo- skih bataqona i za u~e{}e u me|unarodnim ne su tokom posledwih 15 godina pro{log misijama, za o~ekivawe je da }e se u skoroj veka u vi{e zapadnih zemaqa, po ugledu na zilo, komandno vozilo i sanitetsko. 3 budu}nosti (do 2012) opremati i sprovoditi uspostavi masovna i jeftinija proizvodwa, organizacione modifikacije upravo u na- neki od proizvo|a~a formirali su, za pred navedenim bataqonima Vojske. proizvodwu finalnog proizvoda, poslovne integracije razli~itih oblika (kupovinom Tr`i{te – generator dela akcija, koncerna). Motivi za poslovno razvoja i proizvodwe povezivawe su razli~iti: naj~e{}e, radi po- vezivawa preduze}a specijalizovanih za Interaktivno dejstvo izme|u promena u proizvodwu komponenata (hodni deo vozila, doktrini upotrebe sistema naoru`awa i motori, transmisije, naoru`awe, hidrau- stawa tehni~ko-tehnolo{kog nivoa re{ewa li~ke komponente, optoelektronika, siste- pojedina~nih komponenata i celovitog siste- mi upravqawa); zatim, zbog povoqnijih uslo- ma naoru`awa jeste uzro~no posledi~no. Ta- va finansirawa proizvodwe; eventualno, ko je i promena misije mehanizovanih jedi- zbog of-set aran`mana prilikom ugovara- nica pospe{ila (ve} po~etkom devedesetih) wa prodaje. razvoj oklopnih vozila to~ka{a (OVT) nove Opravdanost tehnolo{kih i ekonom- koncepcije, {to je za posledicu imalo ubr- skih integracija evropskih proizvo|a~a zano formirawe snaga za brze intervenci- mnogo je jasnija ako se navede procena da su je.
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