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Home , Akrodha, Bhaviveka, Buddhadatta, Buddhist Global Relief, Nagasena, Nichirenism

Index

Abbot’s Quarter 351–4 106 Abe, Masao 195 abortion 619–21 abhidhamma-pitaka 2, 74, 75 absorption (jhananga) 390 Abhidhamma 8 accumulation, path of 96 causation 244 act (kriya) 279 in 112–13, 115 action commentaries on 80–3 disposition to 232 creative mental activity 384 good and bad 435–6 focus and canon of 78–80 worldly activity 334–5 schools 193–4 see also /kamma interpreting 117 action- (karma-samsara) 525 Kathavatthu 78 engaged 530–1 language and reality 469 Adhimutta 41 literature 367–8 Advaita 106, 153, 586 meaning of 377 Advice for Travelers on the Path of 130–4 (Candrakirti) 442 as a method 387 , 124 on and samsara 334–55 afterlife 396 open and dynamic 388–9 Agganna Sutta 497 partite things 216 aggregates see five aggregates path shown by arahats 462 ahisma see non-harm philosophical school of 129 Aiken, Robert 639–40 relational reality 218–19 466 taxonomies of existence/experienceCOPYRIGHTED 246 Aksapada MATERIAL Two theory 256 “Aphorisms on Logic”/- 311 Abhidhammatthasangaha () 81–2 Alara Kalama 565, 592 Abhidhammavatara/Introduction to the alcohol 446 Abhidhamma () 82 Alexander the Great 500, 543 Abhidharmakosa () 398–9, 422 Alice in Wonderland (Carroll) 357

A Companion to Buddhist , First Edition. Edited by Steven M. Emmanuel. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Published 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

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bindex.indd 696 07/01/2015 12:12:40 PM index altruism language of teaching 366–74 and 467–8 penultimate goal 87 Mahayana tradition 86–7 nature of in Abhidhamma 78 Ambattha Sutta 498 silent buddhas/paccekabuddha 454–5 Ambedkar, B. R. state of Noble Ones 28–9 The Buddha and His Dhamma 524–5, 530 teaching with narrative 462–3 526, 527, 530–1 Aristotle 121, 431, 432 Ames, William 337 language and reason 307, 308 Amitabha Sutra/Smaller Sutra of Immeasurable on law 498 Life 122 moral philosophy 433 Amitayurdhyana Sutra/ Sutra 122 Nichomachean 478–9 120 realism 214 Amstutz, Galen 486, 488 syllogisms 309–10 Analayo 593–4 universal laws and injustice 686 Ananda 461–2, 500 ethics 477, 478–81, 487 character of 457 ariya- see ; life of 452 Ariyaratna, A. T. 527, 642 /anatman see non-self ariyasangha 453 Anatta-lakkhana Sutta 34, 35–6 armaments 532 anger 373 absence of/akrodha 466 Arthasastra (Kautalya) 492–3 and 402–3 Arthavadins 165 74 Arya-Sura pain 31 Compendium of the Perfections 442 wheel of state 499 89 anicca/anitya see Candrakirti’s commentary on 331 annihilationism 64 Catuhsataka 347 Anuruddha comments on 91 on Buddha’s nirvana 335 Four Hundred Verses 442 commentaries/little finger manuals 81–2 One Hundred Verses Treatise 114 Apadana 463 referencing worldly things 332–3 “Aphorisms on Logic” see Nyaya-sutra self and nirvana 339 (Gautama/Aksapada) outlook 14–15, 18–19 appearance Aryavimuktsena 95 emptiness and 100 89, 90, 95, 112 compared to 105 Bodhisattva Stage 442 apprehension, non- 297 principles of reason 245–6 arahats/arahants (awakened disciples) Yogacara school 93–4 Buddha’s companions 452, 455–7 categories of 454–5 Indian views 14 collecting teachings 1–2 Jainism 23 compassion and 512–13 Yasodhara denounces 460 contrasted with bodhisattvas 442–3 Asian Bioethics Association 614 culmination of noble states 40 Asoka, King ethical training 439–40 character of 496 experience of nirvana 43 model of political Buddhism 536 female 457–8 Pillar Edict 493 five path system 96–7 political paradigm of 542–5 free of distress 42–3 punishment 547 individual stories of 455–62 sponsors doctrine debates 274

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Asoka, King (cont'd) meditation 199 violence and warfare of 634–5 Suchness 207 a wheel-turning monarch 502 awareness (cittavithi) Asvaghosa ’s commentary on 81 Awakening of Faith in the Mahayana 119 Badiner, A. H. Atisa (Dipamkarasrijnana) Zig Zag Zen 626 as a waste of time 281–2 Baizhang 350 attachment (upadana) monastic rules 353 calm and insight 62 paradoxes 360 cause of dukkha 39 Zen monastic code 352 compassion and 466–7 Balinski, Michel 690 conditional co-arising 57–8 Bangladesh 71 to emptiness 204–6 Bankei, Yotaku 202 as a 569–70 Barthes, Roland 359 letting go of dukkha 32 Bartholomeusz, Tessa 645 to opinions 57–8 Beauchamp, Tom 619 giving in to fate 122 Beck, Ulrich 678 Sanlun classification of 115 becoming or being () 48 sensory experience of the world 231 conditioned co-arising 59–60 Atthakavagga (Section of Eights) 77 “Becoming the Buddha in this Body” 120 Atthasalini/The Expositor (Buddhaghosa) Bendall, Cecil 81 A Compendium of Buddhist Doctrine Aung San Suu Kyi 527, 642, 644 (with Rouse) 442 army for self-defense 646–7 Bentham, Jeremy 481 human rights 652 Berkeley, George 155–6, 214 Austin, J. L. 245 Berling, Judith 360 How to Do Things with Words 369 “Between the Horns of and Realism” Austin, James (Priest) 214–21 Zen and the Brain 626 Bhartrhari Avalokitesvara 507 language and empiricism 246 518 theory of sabdabrahma 279 avijja see ignorance, spiritual Vakyapadiya 309 awakened disciples see arahats Bhavanakrama 296 awakening 385 see continuum Buddha’s quest for 26, 567–8 Bhaviveka 89–90, 94, 114, 317 Chan/Zen understanding 123–4 comments on Buddhapalita 92 to emptiness 190 sense and sense data 397 engaged Buddhism 529 syllogisms and inferences 342–4 four stages towards 28, 118 Bielefeldt, C. 371 innate 296–7 , King of Magadha 493 metaphors of light for 250 biomedical issues non-action 203 abortion 619–21 reading of 265 brain death and organ donation 622–3 ultimate truth 262 Buddhist and 616–17 Awakening of Faith in the Mahayana cloning 623–5 (Asvaghosa) 119, 121 death and dying 621–2 Dasheng Qixin Lun translated by diversity of thought 613–14 Paramartha 187–9 Four Principles approach 617–18 tradition and 186–9 medical practice 614–15

698

bindex.indd 698 07/01/2015 12:12:40 PM index psychology and neuroscience 625–7 Bodhisattvayogaracatuhsatakatika (Candrakirti) medical practice 614–15 346–7 stem cell research 625 bodily existence (rupa) transcultural ethics 618–19 arahat’s pain 40–1 birth (jati) birth, aging and death 40 conditioned co-arising 60 development in womb 54 Biyan lu energy of 576 “Mazu’s Four Affirmations and Hundred five aggregates 232, 419 Negations” 361–2 formless beings 175–6 bla 576 not “owned” 38 bliss particular individuals and 6 awareness of 169 physical change and 6–7 gnosis 169–70 process pluralism 63 im/perishable 172–3 scientific framework for 587 Block, Ned 589 tantra 100 The /Biyan lu/Hekiganroku Book of Changes 357–8 (Xuedou) 200, 201, 351 The Book of Equanimity 205 Blumenthal, James “The Book of Gradual Sayings/Anguttara “Indian Mahayana Buddhism” 86–97 Nikaya” 492 Bodhi, 7, 82, 527, 561, 563, “The Book of Long Sayings/Digha Nikaya” 632 492 on feeling 235 “The Book of the Fours” 496 grasping at rules 58 Bötrül 103 Bodhicaryavatara (Santideva) 176, 271, Boucher, Sandy 664 402–3, 470 Brahmadatta, King 497 86–7, 120, 173 Brahmajalasutta Mahayana telos 480 mind-body dualism 396 112 attributed Zen motto 351 27–8 introduces Chan/Zen 123 scriptural interpretation 22 bodhisattvas self and non-Self 35 any skilful means 446–7 Brahmanism Chinese differences 114 the All 231 compassion 471, 482–3 ariya/noble 28–9 contrasted with arahats 442–3 Buddha reconstructs 237 as cosmic beings 443–4 “The Discourse on Threefold Knowledge” emperors of 504–6 226–7 ethical qualities of 281–2 Indian social hierarchy 493–4 five paths system 96 knowledge and 223 kings and 502–3 self/atman 425, 426 The Lotus Sutra 513 study of logic 273–4 Lotus Sutra truth parable 260–2 of self/atman 419–21 Mahayana tradition and 86–7, 442 women and 494 precepts 484 “The of Sala” 434 Santideva’s manual for 402–3 Brannigan, Michael 616 self-immolation 641–2 Buddha (Siddhattha Gotama) study of logic 275 Ambedkar questions 530 teaching ideal of 430 anti-dogmatism 227 virtual acts 486–7 arahat companions 458 Yasodhara as partner 460 armed bodyguard 472

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Buddha (Siddhattha Gotama) (cont'd) Buddha Amitabha/Amitayus 122 awakening of 5, 182 The Buddha and His Dhamma (Ambedkar) on compassion 466 524–5, 530 cultural context of 15–16 buddha-nature (tathagata-garbha) 513 on death 39, 229 bliss and gnosis 171–6 on difficulty of conditioned co-arising emptiness without defilements 156–8 46–7 Kalacakra tantric tradition 164–5 “Discourse on Threefold Knowledge” making manifest 295–6 226–7 no-mind 202 “Discourse to Prince Abhaya” 228 Sanlun 116 “Discourse to the Kalamas” 225–6 Zhenyan tradition 120–1 “Discourse to Vacchagotta on Fire” Buddha 118, 119 228–9 Buddhabhadra 112 ethical themes in original teachings , Bhikkhu 434–41 quenching dukkha 526 faeces of 78–9 Buddhadatta 82 Four Noble Truths 437–40 Buddhaghosa goal of teaching 257 Abhidhamma commentaries 80–1, as Greatly Compassionate ship captain 377–8, 387 473 arahat ethical training 439 on his awakening 567–8 cetasikas and 384–5 identification with in present 100–1 classification of phenomena 377–8 immanent presence 104 false sense of self 389 intellectual biography 13–14 on feeling and craving 65 intention and karma 383 meditating on mental experience as Knower of Worlds 392 378–9 knowledge for liberation 224–5 nama-rupa 391–2 leaves no texts 5–6, 13 The Path of Purification 434 life of 429–30 on sensory contact 379, 382 on meditation 378 metaphysical questions 228–30 Candrakirti’s Madhyamakavatara 331 nature of in Theravada Abhidhamma language on path to 331–2 78 The Lotus Sutra 513 origins of Buddhism 1–2 Madhyamakavatara on 340 own nirvana 334 silent buddhas/paccekabuddha 454–5 parable of the burning house 87–8 skillful means and 372 physical pain of 41–2 universal 518 progressive leader 494 universality of The Lotus Sutra 515–16 reluctant to accept nuns 665 Buddhapalita 89 silence of 370 Candrakirti defends 331 split in followers after death of 72 comments on Nagarjuna 91–2 step-by-step discourse 27 prasanga arguments 343 taught to mother 80 Prasangika school 114 teaches only two things 230 Buddhism after Patriarchy: A Feminist History, therapeutic role of emptiness 336 Analysis, and Reconstruction of thought upon awakening 118 Buddhism (Gross) 664 trusting 400 “Buddhism and Biomedical Issues” (Keown) unanswered questions 77, 350 613–27 unorthodox view 24 “Buddhism and Environmental Ethics” Yasodhara as partner 460 (James) 601–11

700

bindex.indd 700 07/01/2015 12:12:40 PM index Buddhism, engaged 532–4 Cage, John Ambedkar on 524–5, 530–1 Silence: Lectures and Writings 357–8 compassion and universality 539–40 cakkavatti see under kings and statecraft core concepts of 525–7 Cakkavatti Sihanada Sutta 494, 495, 498, The 531–2 646 scope of 527–8 on warfare 633 “Buddhism in Khotan”/ yul bstan pa calm () 504 conditioned co-arising 61 “ and Western Moral development of 41 Philosophy” (Edelglass) 476–88 see also jhana/dhyana 527 Calming and Contemplation in the Five Buddhist Logic (Stcherbatsky) 272 Teachings of Huayan () “: Theory and Practice” 182 (Goodman) 555–71 Buddhist Peace Fellowship 527 liberation movement 527 “Buddhist Perspectives on Gender Issues” Theravada school 71–2 (Gross) 663–73 Campbell, Philip 626 “Buddhist Perspectives on Human Rights” Candrakirti 91 (Tsomo) 651–61 Advice for Travelers on the Bodhisattva Path 442 commentaries on Abhidhamma 80–3 Bodhisattvayogaracatuhsatakatika comparisons with Hobbes 538 346–7 contemporary scholarship 3 comments on Buddhapalita 92 context of realism versus idealism contradictory language about emptiness 214–17 336–9 four Indian intellectual streams of doctrine of two truths 332–4 129–30 emptiness of emptiness 206 inconsistency of 526 four positions (catuskoti) 340–2 letting go rather than aversion 57 influence on Atisa 281 as living tradition 6 Introduction of 271 as nastika/deniers 22 life and works 331 origins of 1–2 Madhyamakavatara 176, 331, path and attainments of 78 340 as religion 657 Madhyamakavatarabhasya 346–7 spread to China and Tibet 2 on nirvana 339–40 therapeutic purpose of 161–2 praises compassion 471 view of reality 6 Prasangika-Madhyamaka 99–100 “Buddhist Philosophy of Logic” (Tanaka) Prasannapada 346 320–7 seeing versus “seeing as” 247 Burma (Myanmar) sense and sense data 397 commentaries/little finger manuals syllogistic inferences of Bhaviveka 81–2 343–4 democracy movement 652 teaching emptiness 335–6 liberation movement 527, 645 two aspects of reality 220 meditation on mental experience 378 valid means of cognition 344–6 Theravada school 71 on worldly activity 334–5 Burton, David “Candrakirti on the Limits of Language and “Emptiness in Mahayana Buddhism” Logic” (Lang) 331–47 151–62 Carroll, Lewis 357 Byrom, Thomas 571 Carter, Olivia 591

701

bindex.indd 701 07/01/2015 12:12:40 PM index Carvaka school 14 see Zen/Chan/Seon heterodox views 22 Buddhism materialist views of 23–4 Chan-jan 604 caste system chance 279 Ambedkar and 530 Chang, Garma 183 Buddhists 524–5 emptiness 204, 205–6 hierarchy of 493–4 chants Indian views 14 “Praise to Amitabha Buddha” 122 Castells, Manuel 677 see also Catuhsataka (Aryadeva) Chanyuan chingquei/Zen’en shingi 353 Candrakirti’s commentary on 347 “Character, Disposition and the Qualities of catuskoti 340–2 the Arahats as a Means of causality Communicating Buddhist Philosophy non-/existence 133 in the Suttas” (Shaw) 452–63 act and result 279 Chatsumarn Kabilsingh see Dhammananda, Buddhist empiricism 243–4 Venerable Chatsumarn causal efficacy (karyakaranayukti) 118 245–6 commentary on Meditative Approaches causal generation (tadutpatti) 253 184–5 conditioning the mind 155 China dependent co-origination 526 arrival and establishment of Buddhism Huayan two theories of 118–19 110–12 interdependent 181 Buddhism spreads to 2 logic and 315 Confucian tradition 110 Madhyamaka concepts of 135, 137–8 eccentric oral teachings 349 between mental and physical events expressions on nature 604 397 Five Mountain monastic system 354 mental-only reality 140, 141–2 oldest versions of Lotus Sutra 513 not moral 396 P’an-Chiao system 88 see also conditional co-arising Sino-Japanese war 637–8 Cavell, Stanley Theravada school in Yunnan 71 Cities of Words 366 traditions and founders 112 The Central Conception of Buddhism and the Chinese Buddhist Association 527 Meaning of the word “” Chinese language (Stcherbatsky) 526 canon and 2 The Central Philosophy of Buddhism () Chisholm, Roderick 276–7 525 Chodron, Pema 673 Cessation and Contemplation in the Five Chögyal 573 Teachings of Huayan/Huayan wujiao Chos-rgyal 'Phags-pa 506 zhiguan 181 Chronicle of Buddhas/ 455 cessationism (ucchedavada) 396 Chrysippus 433 cetana see intention Chuan faboa ji/Den hoboki 350 Chaba Chulalongkorn, King 545 cognitive criterion 413 Ciji Gongdehui 527 correspondence criterion 414–15 Cities of Words (Cavell) 366 disjunctivism 410–11 citta see mind sense-datum theory 409 Citta (disciple) 453, 461 Chaba Chokyi Senge 405 cittamatra see mental-only reality phenomenal objects and perception Cittamatra school see Yogacara school 406–7 clarity 104

702

bindex.indd 702 07/01/2015 12:12:40 PM index Cleary, Thomas 181–2, 566 in modern culture 681 cloning 623–5 peacemaking 643–4 co-dependent arising see conditioned Shambhalan political model 536 co-arising Tiantai tathata 116–17 cognition (pramana) 21 106 affective modes of experience 234–5 violence and 472–4 Candrakirti on valid means of 344–5 virtue ethics 479 and consciousness 385–6 warfare and 633–4, 637 deconstructive analysis 246–8 “Compassion and the Ethics of Violence” false 415–16 (Jenkins) 466–74 Faxiang’s four elements 113 A Compendium of Buddhist Doctrine (Bendall five aggregates and 419 and Rouse) 442 inference and 322–3 Compendium of the Perfections (Arya-Sura) school 406 442 non-conceptual 407 “Compendium on Epistemic Cognition”/ phenomenal character of 406–7 Pramanasamuccaya (Dignaga) 312 pragmatic reasoning and 252–3 concepts six criteria of 412–13 correspondence criterion 416–17 Tibet 99 as mental phenomena 406, 407 types of episodes 412 as phenomena 406, 407 “Cognition, Phenomenal Character, and Concepts of Deity (Owen) 105–6 Intentionality in ” Le Concile Lhasa (Demiéville) 290, 292–3 (Stoltz) 405–16 conditioned co-arising (pratityasamutpada) coherence 37, 91, 181 coherentism 243 12 links/nidanas 50–60 Three Truths theory 266 calm 61–2 Collected Writings on Sources of Knowledge/ concept of 5 Pramanasamuccaya (Dignaga) 400 fathoming 61 Collection on Higher Knowlege/ feelings causing suffering 234–5 Abhidharmasamuccaya II 245 Four Noble Truths and 46–7 Collection on the Sources of Knowledge Four True 49–50 (Dignaga) 251 general nature of 66–7 Collins, Steven 3, 454 khandhas and 50 communications technology 677–8 Mahayana school and 67 “Comparative Reflections on Buddhist meaning and nature of 48–9 Political Thought” (Cummiskey) the 62–5 536–49 principle of conditionality 47–8 compassion (karuna) 439 relationships of condition for arising benefitting self and others 467–8 65–6 biomedical issues 616, 618 sensory input 379 bodhisattvas 513 similes in the suttas 65–6 Buddha on 400, 466 spiritual practice 49–50 as Buddha’s motive 278 temporal links over lives 60–1 consequentialism and 483 Theravada doctrine 76 Dalai 544–55 “The Conditioned Co-arising of Mental and engaged Buddhism 531, 532–4, 539 Bodily Processes” (Harvey) 46–67 for environment 606–7 110, 514 “great” 467 Chan Buddhism and 124 linguistic deconstruction 469 neo- 351 Mahayana tradition 86–7 as religion 657

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bindex.indd 703 07/01/2015 12:12:40 PM index consciousness (vinnana/vijnana) 77 cosmology attention 585, 589 hierarchy 392–3 cetasikas and citta 385 mind as microcosm of 390–1 changing and variable nature 385 in Theravada Abhidhamma 78 conditioned co-arising 47, 52–4 cosmopolitanism 686 development of body 54–5 craving and thirst (tanha/trsna) eight types of mind 143 for being 38 five aggregates 232, 419, 589 cause of suffering 37–8, 77 five Mahayana paths 96 compassion and 466–7 foundational 143 conditioned co-arising 47–8, 55–7 four divisions of reality 384 grasping 57–8 nama bending and 391 for non-existence 38 particular individuals and 6 rooted in delusion 38 and physical processes 63 Second Noble Truth 430, 438, 568 reflexive awareness 95 senses and 38, 231 scientific framework for 589–90 spiritual ignorance 65 of self 424–5 Theravada doctrine 77 sensory modes of 233 volition and free will 427 “stream of” 233 157 support for 52 Culasaccaka Sutta 472 types of 94 Cummiskey, David unconscious no-mind 203 “Comparative Reflections on Buddhist Vijnanavadins 169 Political Thought” 536–49 Yogacara school 93 Cunningham, Alexander 455 consequences cybernetics 152 seeds and fruit 17–18 consequentialism 477, 478 Dadaism 356, 357 Buddhist ethics as 481–3 506–7, 539 constructing activities (sankhara/samskara) afflictive emotions 538 33 Buddha of Compassion 545 accumulation and karma 384 encourages democracy 547 cessation of 48 human rights and 652 cosmology 392 non-adversarial peacemaking 643–4 the “I am conceit” 37 science and 616, 625 ontological constructivism 154 support for nuns 667 spiritual ignorance arising from 49 types of transformation 540 contact/impingment (phassa) 47, 77 universal responsibility 533 continuity (bhavanga) Damasio, Antonio 587, 589–90 male/female 457 Daoan 111 Convention on the Elimination of All forms of Daoism 514 Discrimination against Woman appreciation of nature 604 659–60 Chinese blend with Buddhism 110 conversation, pure (qingtan) language 350 development in China 110 nothingness 195 correspondence as religion 657 cognition criterion 413, 414–15 darsanas conceptual thought and 416–17 nine schools of thought 14–15, Coseru, Christian 19–20 “Reason and Experience in Buddhist the “orthodox” six 20–2 ” 241–54 Dasabhumika Sutra 373, 471, 502

704

bindex.indd 704 07/01/2015 12:12:40 PM index Dasyus dhamma/dharma pre-Vedic outlook 14, 15, 17–18 Abhidharma real/unreal distinction Davidson, Richard 626 130–4 Davis, Bret W. Ambedkar questions 530 “Forms of Emptiness in Zen” 190–208 Aryan views of 19 Davis, Jake H. cessation and nirvana 50 “From the Five Aggregates to Phenomenal compassion and 469 Consciousness” (with Thompson) definition of 193 585–95 engaged Buddhism 528 death Faxiang tradition 112–13 biomedical issues 621–2 function of 77 Buddha’s silence on 39 general nature of conditioned co-arising existence of Tathagata 229 66–7 The Death of Ivan Illyich (Tolstoy) 569 ’s jeweled net 182–3 defilements (klesa) kings and justice 497, 499–501 buddha-nature and emptiness 156–8 The Lotus Sutra 517 conceptuality 157 meaning of 26, 152 Delhi-Topra Pillar Edict 493 non-Self 36 delusion () 39, 395 realism and 216 Demiéville, Paul Setting in Motion of the Wheel 5 Le Concile de Lhasa 290, 292–3 in Theravada Abhidhamma 79 democracy Two Wheels of 645–6 Buddhist 548 Dhammanadna, Bhikkhuni (Chatsumarn difference/sameness non-duality 690–1 Kabilsingh) 666 the general will 546 sex trade and discrimination 660 resistance to 545–6 stories Dengyo Daishi (Saicho) 514 arahats 455 deontology 477 meditation as empty room 198 dependence 245 on warfare 631–3 dependent arising see co-dependent arising Dhammapala 80, 82 dependent origination (pratitya-samutpada) dhammaraja see under kings and statecraft 617 Dhammasangani (Buddhist Psychological Derrida, Jacques 154 Ethics) 74, 79 ethics 484 56 mental factors 379 linguistic idealism 215 Buddhaghosa’s commentary on 81 Descartes, René lists of mental factors 386 self and 420 other factors 388–9 subject of mental states 425 75 desire see thirst and craving (tanha/trsna) Dharma Hall determinism Zen literature 351–4 Carvaka school 24 Dharma, One Vehicle of self and free will 425–8 The Lotus Sutra 514 515–16 Devendrabuddhi 90, 94, 299 dependent co-arising 119 Dewey, Thomas 300 four stages towards awakening dGe-lugs-pa school 506 118 Dhamma-cakka-ppavatana Sutta Huayan tradition 117–19 Buddha’s first sermon 26, 29 Zhenyan tradition 120 five bundles of grasping-fuel 32–4 on true reality 37, 39 Shingon tradition 120–1

705

bindex.indd 705 07/01/2015 12:12:40 PM index 90, 94, 242 “Discourse on of Breathing” epistemology of 95, 129, 297 558 “Gloss on the Means of Epistemic “Discourse on Mindfulness of the Body” Cognition” 309 563–4, 566 influence on Kamalasila 291 “Discourse on Right View” 237 mental events 399–402 “Discourse on the All” 231 metaphysics of 144–9 “Discourse on the Simile of the Snake” 562 pragmatic reasoning 253–4 “Discourse on Threefold Knowledge” 226–7 Pramana-varttika 317, 320, 399 “Discourse to Prince Abhaya” 228 “Proof of the Criterion” 278 “Discourse to Subha” 567 rejects realism 405 “Discourse to the Kalamas” 225–6 seeing versus “seeing as” 247 “Discourse to Vacchagotta on Fire” 228–9 valid cognition 99 “Discourse to Vacchagotta on the Threefold yogic perception 299, 300 Knowledge” 237 90, 112 disjunctivism Dharmaraksa 110, 112, 116 illusion and 410–11 299 Kadam school 408, 410–11 dhatu see realm/context distress 387 Dhatukatha (Discourse on Elements) 74, diversity 79 democracy and 690–1 Buddhaghosa’s commentary on 81 differing-for and differing-from 684–5, difference see diversity 688 digha-nikaya ecosystems 685 mind-body 74, 396 emptiness of identity 682–4 Dignaga 90, 94, 112, 242 equity and 686–8, 696–9 “Compendium on Epistemic Cognition” historical perspective 676–9 312 modern sameness/difference 679–82 criterion of reason 276 variety and 684 develops logic system 91 see also gender; women epistemological-logical school 129 “Diversity Matters: Buddhist Reflections on Indian syllogisms 312–14 the Meaning of Difference” (Hershock) Kadam school disagrees with 411 675–91 language and reason 307 metaphysics of 144–9 admires Rujing 353 moral philosophy 431 “Empty Space” 198 personal experience 399 illusory conceptions 359 Pramanasamuccaya 320, 400 seated meditation 200–1 rejects realism 405 Shobogenzo 353 seeing versus “seeing as” 247 temples 354 triple inferential mark 251–2 use of speech 208 valid cognition 345 Dolce, Linda 518 Dionysius Thrax 308 Dölpopa 102 discernment, three degrees of 280–1 351, 356, 359 The Discipline of Freedom (Olson) 484–5 Dosho 112, 114 discourse doubt liberating (paramartha satya) 180 Buddhas endorsement of 243 “Discourse at Kitagiri” 566–7 teaching emptiness 335–6 “Discourse of the Honeyball” 232–3, dravyasat see under existence: primary 234 dreams of sex 175 “Discourse on Fear and Dread” 567 Dreyfus, George 481

706

bindex.indd 706 07/01/2015 12:12:40 PM index “The Drum Wheel of Reason”/Hetu-cakra- Six Perfections and 444 damaru (Dignaga) 312 warfare 632 dualities 201–2 elements arguing about nirvana 339 dhatus in Theravada doctrine 76 equity and diversity 688–9 five 121 illusion of 202 Kalacakratantra interpretation 172 non-conceptual meditation and 301 mind-body relationship 63 see also mind-body dualism physical 130 Duckworth, Douglas rupa 392 “Tibetan Mahayana and Vajrayana” in Theravada Abhidhamma 79 99–106 Eliot, T. S. dukkha see suffering The Waste Land 357 “Dukkha, Non-Self, and the Teaching on Empedocles 121 the Four ‘Noble Truths’ ” (Harvey) empiricism 26–44 supersensory powers and 237 Dumoulin, Heinrich 351 emptiness (sunnata/sunyata) 271 Dunhuang school 291 of all phenomena 164 Durgatiparisodhana Tantra 503 attachment to 205–6 Dus-gsum mKhyen-pa 506 beyond Madhyamaka reality 136 Dushun 112, 181 buddha-nature 156–8 Calming and Contemplation 182 Candrakirti on 335–6 Dutthagamani, King 473 Chinese translation 111 Dylan, Bob 358 compassion and 469–70 criticism of Zen teaching 195 East Asia dhamma/dharma 89 nuns in 666 dharmadhatu 117, 184–6 Yogacara school 89, 90 ecological holism and 602 see also individual countries the empty form 167–8 “” (Green) emptying of 204–6 110–24 formlessness of reality 194–8 Eckel, Malcolm David 608 freedom of 204 Edelglass, William gnosis 167–70 “Buddhist Ethics and Western Moral independent inference 92 Philosophy” 476–88 inexpressible 103 “Effacement” 434 is nirvana 340 efficiency 277 lack of own-being 192–4 “Eight Chapters”/Astadhyayi (Panini) 308, language of 336–9 315 like noumena and phenomena 484–5 Eight Thousand-Lined Perfection of Wisdom like space 167 Sutra 165 The Lotus Sutra 513 Eight Thousand-Lined Perfection of Wisdom Madhyamaka school 90–1, 152–4 Sutra (Sariputra) 170–2 Mahayana bodhisattvas 442 Eightfold Path 430 meanings of 151–2 conditioned co-arising 50 misunderstanding 258 elements of 40 non-dual subject and object of gnosis ethics and 440–1 165–6 good mental factors 387 not nihilism 335 karma as a law of nature 526 of objects 199 Mahayana bodhisattvas 446–7 as “openness” 194 moral philosophy 433 origin of phenomena from 175

707

bindex.indd 707 07/01/2015 12:12:40 PM index

emptiness (sunnata/sunyata) (cont'd) experience as natural process 232–3 other-emptiness 102, 103 experience versus reasoning 251–3 path of preparation 96 four intellectual Indian streams 129 of sameness/difference duality 682–4 four positions 340–2 Sanlun buddha-nature 116 human limitations 228–30 self-emptiness 102–3 idealism 161 six forms of 191–2 inference 324–6 sixteen kinds of 166 Kadam school 405–6 subject-object duality 154–6 Kamalasila’s degrees of discernment teaching 335–6 280–1 as therapeutic 161–2, 336 knowledge and liberation 235–9 Three Truths theory 266–7 knowledge of mind from meditation 567 transcendence 104 modes of knowing 248 translation of sunyata 196–7 non-Buddhist philosophy 283 unity with appearance 100 non-conceptual knowledge 157–8 wisdom of gnosis 167–76 personal verification of knowledge 225–8 without views 158–61 phenomenal disjunctivism 408 of words 206–8 principles without support 250–1 Yogacara school 92–3, 93, 155–6 refuting self-establishment thesis 248–9 “Emptiness in Mahayana Buddhism” rejecting views on reality 159–61 (Burton) 151–62 rise of Buddhist scholarship in 273–6 energy/activity 20 role of inference in 321 “The Enlightened Sovereign: Buddhism and Santaraksita’s 26 topics 279–80 Kingship in and Tibet” (Halkias) seeing versus “seeing as” 246–50 491–507 spiritual value of 273, 281–4 enlightenment theory of exclusion 149 arahats 463 value of meditative states 297–8 practicing 689–90 yogic perception 291 without theology or metaphysics 539 see also logic see also awakening; Eightfold Path; equality nirvana/nibbana diversity and equity 686–8 Enni Ben’en 354 equity as relational 687–8 environmental ethics injustices in universalities 686 climate change 678 esoteric teachings holistic Buddhist teachings 602–3 mikkyo 120 intrinsic value 608 essentialism 102 moral relations 601, 609–11 The Essentials of Buddhist Philosophy reconciling with non-self 606–9 (Takakusu) 526 social and political issues 611 eternalism 64 value of nature 603–6 “Ethical Thought in Indian Buddhism” 161, 432, 433, 498 (Gowans) 429–49 epistemology ethics see moral action (sila) and ethics affective and cognitive experience 234–5 ethnicity and race 675 the All of sensory experience 230–2 eudaimonia 478–80 anti-reflexivity principle 249 Europe Buddha’s teaching on 223–5, 224–5 Theravada school 72 Buddhist context of 8, 241–3 evidence Buddhist logic in 321–4 cognition criterion 413 Dharmakirti and 276–9 exclusion, theory of (apoha) 148–9, disjunctivism and illusions 410–11 315–17

708

bindex.indd 708 07/01/2015 12:12:40 PM index existence particular individuals and 6 Abhidharma real/unreal distinction scientific framework for 587–8 130–4 Theravada doctrine 77 conceptual (prajnaptisat) 152 Ferrer, Jorge conditioned co-arising as middle way Participatory Turn 575 62–3 fishing net (Indra’s) metaphor 118 emptiness of all things 152 five aggregates (khandhas/) 421–2 everything as phenomena 237 abortion and 620 extra-mental 144–5 Buddha’s concept of person 232–3 gnosis of wisdom 168–70 bundles of grasping-fuel 33 intrinsic (svabhava) 152 causal and conditioning factors 244 language and 342–3 concept of “person” 332 Madhyamaka svabhava 134–9 conditioned co-arising 50 of non-existence 170 doctrine of 386 of 344–5 dukkha 32–4 primary (dravyasat) 152 dynamic person 573 true emptiness of 103 empty of intrinsic nature 339 experience end of 43 affective modes and cognition 234–5 essentials for moral character 447 Buddha’s grounding in 224–5 human rights and 659 Buddhist notion of 241, 242 Kalacakratantra interpretation 172 construction world from senses 234 meditation and 593 doctrine of five aggregates 386 model of mind 585, 587–91 mental factors 390 non-self theory 419, 421 as natural process 232–3 not abstraction 462 realization of evidence 246 the particular individual and 6 versus reasoning 251–3 person like a fist 181 in Theravada Abhidhamma 78 positive overturn 101 extrasensory perception 279 sanna/perception 33 Sariputta and 455 Fagushan 527 suffering and 40 fangzhang/hojo 354 Theravada doctrine 76–7, 79 fatalism 24 types of emptiness and 166 Faure, Bernard 360 Vasubandhu on non-self 422–4 Faxiang (Hosso/Beopsang) tradition vedana/feeling 33 112–14 the will 425 /-tsang 119, 186 see also body; consciousness; feelings; commentary on Awakening of Faith 187 perceptions; person; volitions emptiness of identity 683 five paths 96–7 golden lion analogy 195–6 five precepts feelings (vedana) engaged Buddhism questions 531–2 afflictive 538, 541 Florida, Robert E. 617 aspects of suffering 40 Flower Garland Sutra/Avatamsaka 87, 120, conditioned co-arising 47, 55–7 181 consciousness 382 Huayan tradition 117–18 five aggregates 33, 232, 419 Fodor, Jerry 246–7 Four Divine Abidings 566 Foguangshan 527 giving rise to suffering 234–5 form good, bad and neutral 380–1 empty 168 impermanence of 31 like Kantian noumena 485

709

bindex.indd 709 07/01/2015 12:12:40 PM index “Forms of Emptiness in Zen” (Davis) Gathering of the Quiddities/Tattvasamgraha 190–208 (Santaraksita) 279, 280–1 Forster, E. M. 463 Gautama see Gotama, Siddhattha (the Foucault, Michel 215 Buddha) Foulk, Griffith 352 Gavampati 457 Foundations of Mindfulness Sutra 576–7, gay, lesbian and transgender people 670 578 Geluk/Svatantrika school 100, 102–3, 114 Four Divine Abidings 566 differences with Prasangika 342 Four Divine Abidings/ Prasangika-Madhyamaka 105 616 yogic meditation 291 Four Hundred Verses (Aryadeva) 442 Gelukpa order 281 Four Noble Truths (arya-satyani) gender issues Buddha’s teaching 26–7, 29, 437–40, equality and equity 686–7 476 little doctrinal problem 663–4 conditioned co-arising 46–7, 49–50 recent development and awareness Dharmakirti’s epistemology 278 663–5 engaged Buddhism questions 529, see also women 530 generosity (dana) knowledge from meditation 568 one of Six Perfections 443, 444 Madhyamaka svabhava 135 virtue ethics 479 meaning of ariya-sacca 27–9 Gethin, Rupert 4, 388–9, 390–1 moral philosophy 430, 432 Giddens, Anthony 678 role of inference 321 Gillon, Brendan S. spiritual ignorance 51 “Language and Logic in Indian Buddhist Fox, Alan Thought” 307–318 “The Huayan Metaphysics of Totality” globalization, development of 677–9 180–9 “Gloss on the Means of Epistemic Cognition”/ Franco, Eli 344 Pramana-varttika (Dharmakirti) 309 Frankfurt, Harry 426–8 gnosis Fraser, Nancy 675 the apprehended mind 167 Frauwallner, Erich 311 emptiness and 165–6 free will, non-self theory and 425–8 five aspects of 166 freedom, emptiness and 204 self-aware 172–4 “From the Five Aggregates to Phenomenal supreme 165 Consciousness” (Davis and Thompson) of wisdom 167–76 585–95 God/supreme being Fruits of the Homeless Life/Samannaphala Sutta bestowing “sacred” “rights” 656–8 274 cloning and 624 Fundamental Verses on the Middle Way creation 279 (Nagarjuna) 114 Dharmakirti’s epistemology 278 Hegel on 104 Gadamer, Hans-Georg 187 negative theology 205 Sutra 181–2 pantheism 105–6 Gandhi, Mohandas K. (Mahatma) Yogic metaphysics 21 degree of violence 648 Gombrich, Richard 227 satyagraha 28 on accepting the texts 4–5 Ganeri, Jonardon 245 fire imagery 32 Garfield, Jay 338, 347 What the Buddha Thought 525–6 The Gateless Barrier 201, 208 Gómez, Luis O. 3

710

bindex.indd 710 07/01/2015 12:12:40 PM index good (kusala) hallucinations Buddhaghosa defines 379 disjunctivism 408 human nature 119 intentionalist theory 410 Goodman, Charles 486–7 as phenomenal objects 406–7 “Buddhist Meditation: Theory and Hamilton, Sue Practice” 555–71 on concept of self 462 consequentialism 482–3 on constructing world 234 Gosala 24 personal destiny and philosophy 16 theory 113 Han Shan 604 Gowans, Christopher W. Harris, I. 609 “Ethical Thought in Indian Buddhism” Harvey, Peter 487, 589 429–49 “The Conditioned Co-arising of Mental and Philosophy of the Buddha 4 Bodily Processes” 46–67 grasping see attachment (upadana) “Dukkha, Non-Self, and the Teaching on the Great Calming and Contemplating () Four ‘Noble Truths’ ” 26–44 115 free flowing mind 202 Great Perfection school 101 hatred innate enlightenment 296 cause of dukkha 39 no-thinking meditation and 295 self-destructive 538 Great Vehicle see Mahayana Buddhism Haughton, Hugh 357 “Greater Discourse on Questions and Hayes, Richard P. 313 Answers” 235 “Philosophy of Mind in Buddhism” greed 538 395–404 Green, Ronald S. 190, 193 “East Asian Buddhism” 110–24 emptiness even of Buddhist doctrine Gross, Rita M. 207 Buddhism after Patriarchy 664 Thich Nhat Hanh’s commentary 194 “Buddhist Perspectives on Gender Issues” Hegel, Georg W. F. 663–73 idealism 214 ground (hetu) 311–12 on the infinite 106 grub rje, mKhas 176 Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion 104 Gu-shri Khan 506 Heim, Maria , bodhisattva 515 “Mind in Theravada Buddhism” 377–93 Guhyasamajatantra 173 Heine, Steven A Guide to the Bodhisattva’s Way of Life “On the Value of Speaking and Not (Santideva) 87 Speaking” 349–62 Gunaratana, Henepola 558 hell realms 399 gunas hermeneutics three qualities of reality 20–1 Vasubandhu’s Commentary 275 Gyonen 122 Hershock, Peter D. “Diversity Matters: Buddhist Reflections Hadot, Pierre 273 on the Meaning of Difference” Hakeda, Yoshito S. 196 675–91 Hakuin, Ekaku virtuosity 16 Praise of 190 Heshang use of 201–2 deadly debate in Tibet 290 Halkias, Georgios T. making Buddha-nature manifest 295–6 “The Enlightened Sovereign” 491–507 Samyé debate 291–4 Hallisey, Charles 485 hetu 387

711

bindex.indd 711 07/01/2015 12:12:40 PM index hetuvidya see logic human rights Hinayana Buddhism (Lesser Vehicle) 441 bestowed “sacred” “rights” 656–8 The Lotus Sutra 513 compassion and reason 659–61 Solitary Realizers and Hearers 87–8, concept of 652 193–4 non-self and 658–9 Hisamatsu Shin’ichi philosophic framework for 653–6 “Oriental Nothingness” 194–5 universality 686 Hobbes, Thomas Hume, David Buddhist political critique of 536 Buddhist political critique of 536–7 concept of nature 542 on self 6–7, 420, 425 individualism 540–1 use of justice 541, 548 Leviathan 537–8 humility (nirmana) Holder, John J. 603 virtue ethics 479 “A Survey of Early Buddhist Epistemology” Hurvitz, Leon 371 223–39 Homer 491 The Idea of Human Rights (Perry) 657 Honda Nissho 519 idealism 161 Honen 122–3 Buddhist context of 217–18 Hong Kong Buddhist Association 527 compassion and 469 Hongzhou school 350 Madhyamaka school 218–19 Hori, Victor Sogen 208, 356 two aspects of reality 220 How to Do Things with Words (Austin) Western philosophy and 214–15 369 Yogacara differences from 155–6 Howard, Angela Falco 499 identity (tadatmya) Howe, Elias 141–2 Dharmakirti’s notion of 253 Hua-Yen 607 ignorance, spiritual (avijja/avidya) Hua Yen Sutra 189 condition for craving 65 Huangbo 350, 352, 360 conditioned co-arising 47, 51 Huayan 181, 182, 183, 186 constructing activities 52 Huayan// school 112, different views on 91 117–19 Mahayana tradition 86 awakening and cultivation 188–9 perception of duality from 94 conditioned co-arising 67 self-destructive 538 metaphysics of 180–8 Theravada doctrine 77 non-duality of difference/sameness Ihara, Craig K. 654 683 Ikeda Daisaku 521 Zen/Chan and 180, 194 Ikkyu, Sojun 197 “The Huayan Metaphysics of Totality” (Fox) illusion 180–9 aspects of reality 220 Huayan Sutra disjunctivism 410–11 dharmadhatu 184 as phenomenal objects 406–7 Huiguo 120 immanence Huike/Eka 123, 208, 358–9 tantra 104 impermanence (anitya/anicca) on Buddhist practice 689 Buddhaghosa’s commentaries on meditation and liberation 199 81 mind-only 200 Buddha’s death and 41 non-abiding mind 204 concept of 5 things arising in mind 202 dukkha and non-self 34–7 Huiwen 112 inversion of perceptions 38

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bindex.indd 712 07/01/2015 12:12:41 PM index Mahayana tradition 89 Introduction to the Madhyamaka (Candrakirti) meditation on 165 271 non-self 462 suffering and 40 Jainism 14 impingement see contact/impingement heterodox views 22, 23 India and Indian thought logic of “may be” 279 context of Gotama’s life 15–16 self and the life principle 35 nine classic schools 14–15 James, Simon P. philosophy or religion? 15 “Buddhism and Environmental Ethics” post-Alexander Indo-Greeks 500 601–11 small monarchies 493–4 James, William 300, 587 Theravada school 71 Japan view of reality 14–15 abortion issue 620–1 view of the world 20 expressions about nature 604 “Indian Mahayana Buddhism” (Blumenthal) Huayan/Kegon tradition 117 86–97 The Lotus Sutra 514 individualism 540–1 and Lotus Sutra 516–19 the general will and 546 519–21 Western philosophy 537 Sino-Japanese war 637–8 see self True Pure Land/Jodo Shinshu 121 Indra’s Net 118, 182, 194 World War II 640–1 inference (anumana) 279, 320 jara-marana see also: bodily existence; death Candrakirti accepts as valid 344–5 Jataka and literature learning from others 317–18 arahats 454–5 as logic 324–6 on 458–9 from others 321 kingship 492, 497 role in epistemology 321, 323–4 role of narrative 463 theory of 147–8 on 459 triple conditions of 324–6 violence and Buddha 472 infinite on Yasodhara 460–1 pantheism and 106 jati see birth Inoue Nissho 520 Jayatilleke, K. N. 243 intention (cetana) Jenkins, Stephen intentional objects 415 “Compassion and the Ethics of Violence” intentionalist theory of perception 466–74 409–10 jhanas/dhyanas 564–5 Kantian ethics 484–5 Buddha’s insights from 27 and karma 383–4 Jigme Lingpa mental formations and 398–9 Wisdom Chats 573 right 440 Jigme Sangye Wangchuk 504 Theravada view of mind 382–3 Jingde chuandeng/Keitoku dentoroku 351 violence and 472–3 Jinpa, Thupten 579 International Network of Engaged Buddhists 112, 114, 115 (INEB) 527 Jnanasrimitra 317 intoxicants Jogye Order 124 modern problems worse than 532 Johnson, Mark 100 Introduction to Enlightened Conduct school 101–3 (Santideva) see Bodhicaryavatara tantra 105 “Introduction to Logic”/Nyaya-mukha joy (somanassa) 387 (Dignaga) 312 Junger, Peter D. 656–7

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bindex.indd 713 07/01/2015 12:12:41 PM index justice intention and 383–4 Buddhist theory of 541–2 as a law of nature 18, 526 as a material force 396 Kabat-Zinn, Jon 556, 586 modern society and culture 681 Kadam school moral conduct and 430, 435–7 correspondence and perception 414–5 no-mind and non-action 203–4 development of 405–6 relation to sensory experience 156 disjunctivism 408 seeds in consciousness 143 Kaginushi Ryokei 205 taking life 631 Kalacakra tantric tradition 101 116 achieving buddhahood 164–5 Theravada Abhidhamma 78 interpretation of emptiness 172–3 transferring 444 Kalama Sutra 243 Vaibhasika school 398–9 Kalupahana, David 231 violence and intention 472–3 Kamalasila 90, 95 volition and 646 Bhavanakrama III on Heshang 292, without thinking 293 293–5 see also rebirth deadly Samyé debate 290–5 Karma Pak-shi 506 degrees of discernment 280–1 Karnakagomin 317 non-conceptual meditation 301 karuna see compassion Salistambasutratika 370 Kassapa (Mahakassapa) 82, 452–3, 457 “Stages of Meditation” 95–6, 291 Kasulis, Thomas 203 theory of exclusion 317 Kasyapamatanga 110 thick description of buddha-nature Kasyapaparivarta 336 297–8 Kathavatthu (Points of Controversy) 74, yogic perception 299, 300 77–8 Kamenka, Eugene 655 Buddhaghosa’s commentary on 81 Kant, Immanuel Katsura, Shoryu 252, 342 categorical imperative 618 Kautalya deontology 477 Arthasastra 492–3 idealism 214 Kawamura, Kodo 359 moral duty to non-humans 605 Keer, Dhananjay 524, 533–4 morality and intention 484–5 kenology see emptiness Kapleau, Philip 611 Keown, Damien 487, 651 Kapstein, Matthew T. “Buddhism and Biomedical Issues” “ ‘Spiritual Exercise’ and Buddhist 613–27 Epistemologists in India and Tibet” human rights 654 270–84 The Nature of Buddhist Ethics 478, karma/kamma 479–81 Aryan view of 19 Ketsumeidan (Blood Pledge Corps) 520 becoming and being 59 Khajjaniya Sutta 589 Buddha’s own teachings 434–7 khandha/ see five aggregates constructing activities 52 74 Dasyu view of 17–18 Khema 82, 453, 458–9 denial of 395 Khotan 504 diversity and 676 Khri gTsug-lde-brtsan (Ral-pa-can) 505 engaged Buddhism 530–1 Khri Srong-lde-btsan 505 forward-looking 437 King, Sallie B. guiding present actions 122 “War and Peace in Buddhist Philosophy” human rights and 654, 660–1 631–48

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bindex.indd 714 07/01/2015 12:12:41 PM index kings and leadership Kukai buddhahood of kings 502–3 “Becoming the Buddha in this Body” early Buddhist views of 491–3 120 elected king/Mahasammata 497–8 Kumarajiva 111, 112, 114, 116 Greek 498 Kumarila Bhatta 317 incarnation succession of Tibet 506–7 kusala/akusala 688 Jataka literature 497 Kutadanta Sutta 494 The Lotus Sutra 514–15, 517–19 monastic communities and 492–3 LaFleur, William 518, 604, 619 qualities of kings 496 Lakoff, George 100 righteous king/dhammaraja 498 Lam rim chen (Tsong kha pa) 291 Sangha check on king 549 Lamotte, Étienne 5 socially progressive Buddhism 493–7 Lang, Karen C. spread of Buddhism and 502–3 “Candrakirti on the Limits of Language Tibetan bodhisattva-emperors 504–6 and Logic” 331–47 warfare 634–41 language wheel-turning king/cakkavatti 498–501, analysis of compassion 469 502, 503–4, 646, 652 construction of the world 215 Klein, Anne Carolyn empiricism and 246 “Seeing Mind, Being Body” 572–82 emptiness of words 206–8 klesa see defilements emptiness paradoxes 336–9 knowledge 236, 237 human reasoning and 307–9 Atisa’s scepticism 281 metaphoric 333–4 human limitations 228–30 name-and-form (nama-rupa) 53–4 measure of 271 non-conceptual knowledge 158 from meditation 567–71 path to buddhahood 331–2 non-conceptual 157–8 radical irreverence 350–1 pragmatic context 253–4 to Chinese 111 role in path to liberation 235–9 of “self” 37 from senses 574–5 silence and 358–9 threefold 226–7 skillful means for teaching 8, 366–74 transcendent versus perceptions 236 techniques of Zen discourse 356 triple conditions of inference 324–5 transforms consciousness 120 see also epistemology word and meaning 279 koans 201–2, 208 and Zen silence 249–51 meaning of non-sense 354, 359–60 “Language and Logic in Indian Buddhist as monastic narrative 360–2 Thought” (Gillon) 307–318 transcendence of words and 349, Language and Phrases of the Lotus Sutra (Zhiyi) 350 115 Koestler, Arthur Lankavatara Sutra/Entrance to Lanka Sutra The Lotus and the Robot 355 89, 123, 199, 502 Koller, J. M. 21 Lanxi temples 354 Kondanna 452, 457 Laos Korea Theravada school 71–2 Huayan/Hwaeom tradition 117 350 Jogye order 124 Laraki, Rida 690 nuns 666 The Large Sutra on Perfect Wisdom koro 142 442 Kublai Khan 506 Larger Emptiness Sutra 198 Kuiji 112, 113–14 Lash, Scott 678

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bindex.indd 715 07/01/2015 12:12:41 PM index Laumakis, Stephen J. use of inference 324–6 “The Philosophical Context of Gotama’s validity of syllogisms 322–3 Thought” 13–24 Western forms of argument 322 law wheel of grounds 313 enforcement 547–8 Lokayata school 278 necessity of 538 Long chen pa 101, 301, 581 Laws of /Manusmrti 492–3 “Longer Discourse on Mindfulness” 586 learning, path of no more 96 The Lotus and the Robot (Koestler) 355 Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion (Hegel) The Lotus Sutra/Saddharma Pundarika 87–8, 104 116, 503 Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm 218 commentaries and interpretation Leviathan (Hobbes) 537–8 513–14 Levinas, Emmanuel 484 influence of 512 Levine, Michael models of truth 259, 260–2 Pantheism 106 modern interpretations 519–21 Lewis, Stephen J. 486, 488 Nichiren school 516–19 lHa Lama Ye-shes-’od 506 origins of 512–13 lHa-lde 506 radicalism of left and right 521–2 Lhasa, Council of see Samyé debate skillful means and 518–19 liberation (moksa) Tiantai reading of 265 cessation of all 447 universal buddhahood 515–16, 518 Indian outlook 14 Vietnamese self-immolation 641 knowledge central to 223–4 loving kindness (metta-) 559–61 Mahayana path system 95–6 biomedicine and 616 supreme value of 280 in modern culture 681 lightness 388 peacemaking 643–4 Lingpa, Jigme 580–1 Low, Albert 198 Linji 196, 350 literature McCagney, Nancy 194, 196–7 nature and poetry 604 McCarthy, Steven 652 Zen 352–4 MacDonald, Anne 344–6 living beings McLeod, Kenneth 561, 578 Mahayana compassion for 86–7 McRae, John 360 Locke, John 214 Macy, Joanna 607 logic Madhyamaka (Middle Way) Buddhism 62, Bhaviveka’s syllogistic inferences 342–4 88, 89, 90–2 Buddhist context of 271–3, 320 commentaries on emptiness 91–2 developments by Dignaga 91 concept of emptiness 152–4 Dignaga’s theory of exclusion 315–17 conceptual reification 484 double negation 309 conditioned co-arising as 62–5 four intellectual streams 129 constructivism 154–5 four positions/catuskoti 340–2 deconstructing compassion 469 Indian syllogisms 310–14 ecological holism 602 linguistic approach 309 ethics 484 ontic approach 309 the fourth true reality and 40 place in Buddhist philosophy 8 Geluk tradition 102 questioning universals 314–18 hierarchy of tantra 103–5 significance in epistemology 321–4 inference arguments 342–4 thesis/ground/corroboration 311–12 interest in good lives 270–1 universals 315–17 Kalacakra tradition 164

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bindex.indd 716 07/01/2015 12:12:41 PM index moral practice over justification 448 kings and 502–4 Nagarjuna 193 in modern global society 681 tradition 102 moral philosophy 433 overcoming ignorance 91 natural world 604–5 philosophical school of 129 non-abiding nirvana 44 realism versus idealism 218–19 the One Vehicle 525 Santaraksita blends with Yogacara 95 origins of 441–2 Tiantai tradition 117 path system 95–7 variations and interpretations 101–4 Santaraksita’s thinking 95 against views of reality 158–61 Six Perfections and 443–6, 446 see also Candrakirti; Nagarjuna; Sanlun skillful means towards enlightenment tradition 446–7 Madhyamakavatara (Candrakirti) 176, sky/space emptiness 196–7 346–7 study of logic 274 existence of svabhava 337 teaching and practices of 2 towards buddhahood 340 therapeutic purpose of 161–2 332–4 transformation in meditation 569 Maha Ghosananda, Samdech Preah 527 value of liberation 280 Maha-nidana Sutta Mahayanasutralankara (Asanga/) craving and grasping 58 371–2 my “Self” and feeling 57 Maitreya 165, 504 name-and-form 53–4 The Ornament of Clear Realization 95–6 Mahabheriharaka-parivarta-sutra 503 Majig Lapdron 577 Mahahatthipadopama Sutta 456, 588 Majjhima Nikaya 74, 235, 588 Mahakasyapa 351 mental factors 382 165 Makiguchi Tsunesaburo 521 Mahamudra school Malaysia 71 no-thinking meditation and 295 (visual symbols) 503 Mahaparinibbana Sutta 500 the six elements 121 Mahavairocana 121 Zhenyan tradition 119–21 Mahavedallasutta 366 manifestation 413 school Manjusri 516 history of 72–3 Manjusrimulakalpa 502 Pali texts 73 mantras Sri Lanka 75 system of 164 Mahavihara Temple, 72 Zhenyan tradition 119–21 Mahayana Awakening of Faith Treatise/Dasheng Manu 492–3 Qixin Lun 181, 187 Laws of 494 Mahayana Buddhism Marx, Karl 214 altruism and compassion 86–7 material world compassion 471 Buddhaghosa’s commentary on 81 conditioned co-arising 67 consumerism 677 diversity of schools 88 consumption 547 emptiness of fixed identities 682–3 fourfold division of reality 378 ethics 429 male/female 457 Four Noble Truths 27 material beings 23 idealism and 217 matter/prakriti as mode of reality 20 importance of Lotus Sutra 512–13 and mind 391–3 influence in Zen 192 nature of 78 Kamalasila on 293–4 rupa/material form of person 33

717

bindex.indd 717 07/01/2015 12:12:41 PM index materialism part of Three Forms of Training 555–6 Carvaka school 22 path of 96 Santaraksita and 279 pragmatism 300 self and 425 psychology and 626 matika 79 samatha 456 Matrceta 368–9 scientific investigation 591–4 Maturana, Humberto 154 seated 200–1 may be (syadvada) 279 serenity and/or insight 441 Mazu 350 sitting/zazen 124, 485 mind is Buddha 200 Six Perfections 430 meaning of life as source of knowledge 567–71 Aryan accounts of 19–20 on space 167 meditation 9 states of 198–9 abandoning the fetters 569–70 as therapy 300 advanced 391 in Theravada Abhidhamma 78 analytical 291 threefold truth 117 the arahats and 453 Tibetan teachings 2 attention training 585, 588, 591–4 use of koans 201–2, 208 bhavanamayi 271 walking 558–9 boredom 563–4 women 671 breaking dualities 201–2 21 breathing mindfulness 556–8 yogic perception 291 calm/samatha 459 Zen/Chan 123, 198–202 in China 110 Meditative Approaches to the Huayan continuity thesis 298 Dharmadhatu 181, 184–5 deadly Samyé debate 290–5 Menander see Milinda development of calm 41 119 on dharmadhatu 184–5 mental concentration (samadhi) 224, 236 disidentification 561–3 Eightfold Path 440 dynamic body 572–3 Four Noble Truths 476 dynamics of 576–83 non-duality of 202 Eightfold Path 430 states of 198–9 epistemological value of 297–8 mental factors (cetasika) fixed 291 factors of absorption/jhananga 386–7 the four jhanas 564–5 four divisions of reality 378, 384 Four Noble Truths and 568 good, bad and neutral 379, 380–1, importance in Buddhism 555 386–9 independence thesis 298, 299–300 lists of 379, 380–1 Kalacakra tantric tradition 165 meditation on 378 Kamalsila sees stupefaction in 294–5 mental formations (samskara/sankhara) 33 like water 199 dreams and hallucinations 399 on loving kindness 559–61 factors of experience 234 meditative contemplation 479 five aggregates 419 on mental experience 378 influence on unawakened experience mindfulness of body 563–4 390 no-thought/mind 292–5 intentions 398–9 non-conceptual 301 Theravada doctrine 77 non-duality of samadhi 202 world denial 106 one of Six Perfections 443, 445 mental-only reality see mind-only reality

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bindex.indd 718 07/01/2015 12:12:41 PM index mental states and matter 391–3 teaching emptiness 335–6 as microcosm of cosmos 390–1 un-/wholesome 243–4 no-mind 191, 202–4, 292–5 see also mind (citta) One Mind 187–8 Mercier, Cardinal 271, 276–7, 278 of others 245 Merleau-Ponty, Maurice 100 Pali tradition 377–8 meta-ethics see under moral conduct (sila) physical events and causality 397 and ethics purity of mind 51 “Metaphysical Issues in Indian Buddhist self and non-Self 35–6 Thought” (Westerhoff) 129–49 varied Buddhist positions on 403–4 metaphysics wuxin (no-mind) 115 atheistic naturalism 21 Yogacara school 93, 143 Buddha’s lack of interest in 234 see also awareness; consciousness; Dignaga and Dharmakirti schools 144–9 mental factors; mind-only reality four intellectual streams 129–30 Mind and Life Institute 625 of Huayan Buddhism 180–8 mind-body relationship 395 Madhyamaka 134–9 Dharmakirti 400–2 unanswered questions 228–30 processes of 63–4 Yogacara 139–44 “Mind in Theravada Buddhism” (Heim) method (nyaya) 241, 294 377–93 abhidhamma 377 mind-only reality (cittamatra) 395 Abhidhamma as 387 causality 140, 141–2 Pali tradition 377 control of perceptions 140–1, 142–3 metta-citta great mirror wisdom 199–200 compassion and 467 interpersonal regularity 140, 142 468 spatio-temporal regularity 139–40, 141 Mettanando, Bhikkhu 614, 623 tantra 103 Middle Length Discourses 434 mindfulness (/smrti) 52, 479, 586 mikkyo 120 breathing and meditation 556–8 Milinda (Menander), King 421–2 increasing perception 570 conversion of 500–1 for non-humans 607 Milindapanha 421–2, 473 Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction programs Mill, John Stuart 477 556, 586 Mimamsa school 14 Mipam 102 inference arguments 343 Mishima, Yukio “orthodox” darsanas 20, 21–2 The Temple of the Golden Pavilion 355–6 scriptural interpretation 21–2 misunderstanding (avidya) mind (citta) cause of suffering 395 apprehending/apprehended 167 mKhas pa’i dga ston 296 calm and 62 Moggaliputta Tissa causally conditioned 155 “Points of Controversy”/Katha-vatthu creates all things 194 310 defiled 143 Moggallana (Mahamoggallana) 452, 455, Faxiang tradition 112 456–7 five aggregates model 585, 587–91 Mohanty, J. N. 21 four divisions of reality 378, 384 moksa impurities (cittamala) 169 ritual practice 21 is Buddha 200 Moksakaragupta learning from meditation 567 theory of exclusion 317

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bindex.indd 719 07/01/2015 12:12:41 PM index monastic community (sangha) one of Six Perfections 443 Abbot’s Quarter 353 reconstructive approach 448 appeal of non-monasticism 540 Shambalanan political model 539 Asokan model 536 six ethical stances of Samannaphalasutta Baizhang rules 353 396–7 balancing political power 548 themes of 429–31 biomedical issues 613–14, 614–15, three Cardinal Virtues 480 617 Three Forms of Training 555 Dharma Halls 353 utilitarianism 481–2 ethical conduct 485 virtue ethics 477, 478–81 five precepts 479 Western – Buddhist dialogue 485–8 history of Theravada school 72–3 see also biomedical issues; environmental narration of koans 360–2 ethics nikaya 72–3 201–2, 349, 350 political relations 492–3, 501, 506, 539, (hand gestures) 544 the six elements 121 representing Buddha 352 Zhenyan tradition 119–21 rules of 541 mula 387 status of nuns 665–7 Mulamadhyamakakarika/The Fundamental warrior monks 638–40 Verses of the Middle Way (Nagarjuna) see also monks and nuns 90–1 Murdoch, Iris 608 mind-only 395 Murti, T. V. R. monks and nuns The Central Philosophy of Buddhism abandoning ignorance 237 526 Theravada school 71 mystics, silence and 350 moral conduct (sila) and ethics 224 aggregates essential to 447 Naganuma Myoko 521 antithetical approach 448 Nagarjuna 89–92, 165, 191, 192 arahat training 439 absence of identities 683 Aristotle’s virtue theory 487 all ceases in liberation 447 Aryan view of 19 on bodhisattvas 442 Buddha teachings 334 Candrakirti’s commentaries on 331, 332, Buddha’s original teachings 434–41 346–7 compassion 470 causality 397 consequentialism 481–3 challenges rationality 245 Eightfold Path 430, 440–1 emptiness 602 escaping suffering 7 emptiness of emptiness 206 eudaimonia 478–80 four positions/catuskoti 341, 342 five precepts 479 The Fundamental Verses of the Middle Way Four Noble Truths 437–40, 476 90 human nature 119 grasping emptiness wrongly 258 Indian outlook 14, 447–9 influence on Atisa 281 Mahayana Buddhism 430–1, 442–7 on kings 503 meta-ethics 477–8 Madhyamaka school 193 in modern culture 681 moral philosophy 431 moral philosophy in Indian Buddhism Mulamadhyamakakarika 90, 397 431–4 negative statements 342 natural patterns and 17–18 philosophy of mind as distraction 403 not systematized by Buddhists 476–7 Precious Garland 442, 579

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bindex.indd 720 07/01/2015 12:12:41 PM index refuting self-establishment thesis Treatise on Three Natures 217 248–50 see also reality Sanlun treatises 114, 115 The Nature of Buddhist Ethics (Keown) 478, Santaraksita and 279 479–81 self and nirvana 339 (New Vehicle) Buddhism see Stanzas on the Middle Way 247 Buddhism, socially engaged suchness 207 negation two truths 658 negation of 205 Two Truths theory 257, 259–62 true existence 103 Vigrahavyavartani 344 two kinds of 148–9 421–2 neo-Buddhism see Buddhism, socially and Milinda 500 engaged Naiyayika school Nepal, Theravada school in 71 existence of pramanas 344–5 Net of Indra 182 logic 317 Newton, Isaac 218 logic and 314 Ngag-dbang blo-bzang rgya-mtsho 507 nama-rupa 391–2 see name-and-form Ngog Loden Sherab 405, 411 Namacaradipaka/“Illuminating the Action Nhat Chi Mai 642 of the Mind” (Saddhamma-jotipala) Nhat Hanh see Thich Nhat Hanh 82 Nibbedhika Sutta 589 Namarupapariccheda/“The Determination of Nichio 518–19 the Mental and Physical Aggregates” Nichiren school (Anuruddha) 82 lay movement 521 Namarupasamasa/The Summary of Mind and The Lotus Sutra 514, 515 Matter (Khema) 82 modern Nichirenism 519–21 name-and-form (nama-rupa) 53–4 socio-political attitudes 515–19 language and 53–4 Nichomachean Ethics (Aristotle) 478–9 the sentient body 54–5 nidanas Nanamoli, Bhikkhu 7, 561, 563 conditioned co-arising 47, 50–60 Nance, Richard F. nihilism “The Voice of Another” 366–74 compared to emptiness 335 Nancy, Jean-Luc 683 counteracting 347 Madhyamaka tradition 101–2 Sekoddesatika 165 negativity of emptiness 206 nationalism 546–7 not real/non-existent 132 naturalism, atheistic 21 Nikayas see sutta-pitaka nature Nipponzan Myohoji 527 absence of intrinsic nature 297 constructed/parikalpitasvabhava 89, 93 conditioned co-arising 48 dependent/paratantrasvabhava 89, 93, nirvana/nibbana 143 as alternative to birth 60 dualist modes of 20 Buddha’s primary teaching 230 Hobbes on 537–8, 542 cessation of suffering 7 imagined 143 classic views of 20 intrinsic 339 conditioned co-arising 49–50 non-natures (asvabhava) 93 determinism 24 perfected/parinispannasvabhava 89, 93, disengaging with the world 334–5 143 as emptiness 340 doctrine 279 four divisions of reality 378, 384 three types of 143–4 goal achieved by knowledge 224

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nirvana/nibbana (cont'd) soteriology and 7 highest value of 280 Theravada doctrine 76, 78 immersion of two minds 167 “The Non-Self Theory and Problems in like eudaimonia 479 Philosophy of Mind” (Tuske) Madhyamaka’s potency 164–5 419–28 Mahayana tradition 86 novelty meaning of 39 cognition criterion 413 non-abiding 44 Nyala Padma Dudul 579 non-Self 35, 36 Nyanaponika not obtained by seekers 339 on dhammas 378 Pure Land tradition 121–2 mental factors 385, 386, 390 pursuit of 512–13 perception of objects 382 recognition of “true names” 529 Nyaya school 14, 273, 332 role of knowledge 235–9 “orthodox” darsanas 20, 22–3 signless state 43 theism of 278 soteriological value of emptiness Nyaya-sutra/“Aphorisms on Logic” (Gautama/ 339–40 Aksapada) 311 Third Noble Truth 430, 438–9 Nyingma school 102–3 in this world 339 tantra 105 unconditioned dharma 197 virtue ethics and 480 obscurations (niravaranata) Nirvana Sutra 116 emptiness and 166 Nishida, Kitaro 197–8, 203 Oetke, Claus 313 Nishitani, Keiji 197, 206 on Milindapanha 422 Niwano Nikkyo 521 on non-self theory 419–21 nominalism Ogawa Takashi 361–2 Dignaga and Dharmakirti 144–5, Olson, Philip 147 The Discipline of Freedom 484–5 non-being (wu) 604 On Sentences and Words/Vakyapadiya non-dualism (Bhartrhari) 309 emptiness of fixed identities 683 “On the Value of Speaking and Not Speaking” non-harm (ahisma) 466 (Heine) 349–62 biomedical ethics 616, 618 One Hundred Verses Treatise (Aryadeva) 114, violence and compassion 472–3 115 non-self (anatman) 89, 190, 279 ontology Abhidharma existence 132 Abhidhamma 388–9 arahat’s freedom 40–1 Buddha doesn’t explore 7 biomedical issues and 616 compassion and emptiness 469–70 Buddha’s goal of teaching 258 Dasyu view of purpose 17 concept of 5, 215 Jain pluralism 23 dukkha and impermanence 34–7 Madhyamaka 104, 152–3 free will and 425–8 nihilism 132, 154 “how” rather than “who” 50 paradoxes of 338 human rights and 658–9 Zen non-being and emptiness 191–2 King Milinda 421–2 see also existence meaning of 36 oral and vernacular tradition not abstract 462–3 reliability of 3 not “no self” 36 Owen, H. P. outline of theory 419–21 Concepts of Deity 105–6 pudgala and 422–4 on the infinite 106

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bindex.indd 722 07/01/2015 12:12:41 PM index paccekabuddha see under arahats one of Six Perfections 443, 445 Patrul Rinpoche Western ideas of Buddhism 472 Words of my Perfect Teacher 577 Padma Kathang 505 Patthana (Conditional Relations) 74, 79, 505 80 pain see suffering (dukkha) Buddhaghosa’s commentary on 81 Pali texts and language Paul, Diana Y. 664 Buddhaghosa’s writing on 80 peacemaking canonical and para-canonical literature being peace 644 74–5 Four Noble Truths 644–5 centrality of knowledge 223–4 liberation movements 642–3 five aggregates 585 non-adversariality 643–4 four jhanas 564 see also warfare and violence lack of capitals 37 Peach, Lucinda Joy 660 75, 79 Pellegrino, E. 618–19 Six Perfections 443 perception (pratyaksa or sanna) Three Baskets/Tipitaka/Tripitaka 429 279 see also under “Discourse” titles; texts, acquiring knowledge from 243 canonical; Theravada school direct of the yogin 298–9 P’an-Chiao system 88 disjunctive theory of 406 Pancappakarana/Exposition of the Five Books duality from ignorance 94 (Buddhaghosa) 81 factor in consciousness 382 Panini five aggregates 33, 589 “Eight Chapters”/Astadhyayi 308, intentionalist theory of 409–10 315 Kadam realism 416 pantheism learning about the world 317–18 Vajrayana as 105–6 mental control of 140–1, 142 Pantheism: A Non-Theistic Concept of Deity modes of consciousness 232–3 (Levine) 106 particular individuals and 6 “Parable of the Arrow” 229–30 phenomenal objects 406 “Parable of the Raft” 256, 257 sense-datum theory of 409 Parakramabahu I six supersensory powers 236–7 reforms under 72 source of knowledge 321 Paramartha 119, 187 temporal aspect 385 Paramarthasamudgata 93 theory of exclusion 148–9 Paramatthavinicchaya/“The Discrimination of ultimate 345–6 of Ultimate Meaning” (Anuruddha) as valid means of cognition 345–6 82 yogic 299 Parivara 74 perfection (paramita) 479 Park, Jin 484 Perfection of Wisdom Sutras 2 Parliament of the World’s Religions Six Perfections 430–1 Declaration towards a Global Ethic system of (paramita-naya) 164 656 The Perfection of Wisdom in Eight Thousand Participatory Turn (Ferrer) 575 Lines 442 particular (visesa) 279 The Perfection of Wisdom Sutras/ Parvizi, J. 589–90 Sutras 2, 87, 89, Path of Purification see 93, 116, 167, 190–1, 193, 196, paticca-samuppada see conditioned 429, 441, 442 co-arising compassion 469 patience (ksanti) 479 the Tathagata 171, 172

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bindex.indd 723 07/01/2015 12:12:41 PM index perpetual wandering (samsara) 435 morality and ethics 431–2, 433 compassion and 467, 471 One Truth position 256 entrapment in 175, 260, 383, 387 “Philosophy of Mind in Buddhism” (Hayes) habitual propensities 169, 174 395–404 hierarchy of the cosmos 390 Philosophy of the Buddha (Gowans) 4 karma and 531 physicalism 396 liberation from 14, 96, 293, 369 Pindapataparisuddhi Sutta 455 like an unhappy family 609 360 and nirvana 117, 262, 334–5, 339 The Platform Sutra of the Sixth Patriarch nirvana and 683 200 world of 89 Plato see also rebirth Meno 250 Perry, Michael J. political thought 494 The Idea of Human Rights 657 Protagoras 498 personal responsibility 396 The Republic 501, 518 persons “Please Call Me by My True Names” (Thich Buddha’s analysis of 232–3 Nhat Hanh) 528–9 continuity and identity 233 Plutarch 501 philosophical debates about 215–16 “Points of Controversy”/Katha-vatthu see also five aggregates 244–5, 310 pessimism 31 “Political Interpretations of the Lotus Sutra” pesticides 532 (Shields) 512–22 phassa see contact/impingement politics phenomena (dharmadhatu) 185 Asokan model 536, 542–3, 549 cessation of 48–9 democracy 545–6 character of cognition 406–7 the general will 546–7 classification of 377 Shambhalan model 536, 539–42, 548, concept and real object 412 549 concepts 406, 407 see also Buddhism, engaged; kings and dependently arisen 237 statecraft disjunctivism 408 poverty and wealth emptiness of 171 inequalities 677 fourfold division of reality 378 power hallucinations/illusion 406 other-power (tariki) 122 noumena and 485 self-power (jiriki) 122 origin from emptiness 175 Powers, John 545 real particulars 406, 407 “Practical Applications of the Perfection of Yogacara school 94 Wisdom Sutra and Madhyamaka in the Zen emptiness 196–7 Kalacakra Tantric Tradition” (Wallace) “The Philosophical Context of Gotama’s 164–76 Thought” (Laumakis) 13–24 pragmatism 347 philosophy meditation and 300 bridges between Buddhists and West reasoning 252–4 8–9 truth 256 therapeutic purpose of 161–2 Praise of Zazen (Hakuin) 190 philosophy, Western 665 ethical dialogue with Buddhism 485–8 Prajnakaragupta human rights 654–5 interprets Dharmakirti 278–9 living well as goal of 270 Prajnakaramati meta-ethics 477 sentient beings and compassion 471

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bindex.indd 724 07/01/2015 12:12:41 PM index Prajnaparamita Sutra see The Perfection of quantum mechanics Wisdom Sutras Huayan dharmadhatu 185 prajnaptisat see under existence: conceptual Queen, Christopher S. Pramana-varttika (Dharmakirti) 317, 320, “Socially Engaged Buddhism” 524–34 400 The Questions of King Milinda 434 Pramanasamuccaya/“Compendium on questions, unanswered 244 Epistemic Cognition” (Dignaga) 320 Zen and 350 pramanavada see epistemology Pramanaviniscaya (Dharmakirti) 320 race and ethnicity Prasangika-Madhyamaka school 105, 114, human rights and 659 176 Rahula 453, 459 differences with Svatantrika 342 Rahula, Walpola roots in Tibet 99 What the Buddha Taught 4 Tsongkhapa’s interpretation 102 Randle, Herbert Niel 311 Prasannapada (Candrakirti) 346 Raparupavibhaga/The Classification of Forms and Prasenajit, King of Kosala 493 Formless Things (Buddhadatta) 82 pratijna see thesis rationality see reason pratityasamutpada see conditioned Ratnakarasanti 95 co-arising Rawls, John 537, 542 “Precepts of Debate” (Vasubandhu) 311 A Theory of Justice 676 Precious Garland (Nagarjuna) 442, 579 realism preparation, path of 96 Buddhist context of 215–16 Priest, Graham Madhyamaka school 218–19 accepting true contradictions 338 rejection of direct 405 “Between the Horns of Idealism and relational reality 218–19 Realism” 214–21 scientific 155 Principles of Commentary/Vyakhyayukti Vaisesika pluralism 22 (Vasubandhu) 275 Western philosophy and 214–15 Prinz, Jesse 587 reality The Profound Meaning of the Lotus Sutra (Zhiyi) Abhidharma 130–4, 388–9 115, 117 the “All” 231 pudgala see five aggregates; self appearance of mental propensities 166 Pudgalavadins 165 error 237 Puggalapannatti (A Designation of Human buddha-nature as Absolute 157 Types) 74, 79 central Buddhist view of 6 Buddhaghosa’s commentary on 81 common-sense position 145 Pundarika constructivism 154 bliss and buddhahood 172–5 dualist modes of 20 commentary on Kalacakratantra 165 emptiness and 219–21 on formless beings 175–6 eternity and infinity 228–9 unthinking gnosis 171–2 general nature of conditioned co-arising Vimalaprabha 172 66–7 527 Indian view of (Dasyus) 14–15 Pure Land (Jingtuzong/Jodo/Jeongtojong) interdependent causality 181 school 112, 121–3 language and 469 Pyrrhonian Skepticism 432 mind-only/cittamatra 139–44, 161 Pythagoreans 121 of momentary perceptions 144–5 non-duality of two 167 Quakers 532 the oneness of the universe 121 quality (guna) 279 patterns of nature 17–18

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reality (cont'd) Regan, Tom 609–10 pre-Vedic 16–18 Reiyukai Kyodan 520 principle of natural reasoning 246 rejecting any views concerning 158–61 Madhyamaka reality 136 second True Reality 37–9 religion Tiantai interpretation 117 Buddhism as 657 transcendent versus perceived 170, 237 Indian thought and 15, 16 ultimate 345–6 self-validation 279 universals as fiction 144–5 Repetti, R. 426, 427, 428 universals in logic 315–17 The Republic (Plato) 501 water, fire and air 20 reverence (adara) world denial 106 virtue ethics 479 Yogacara three aspects 155–6 Rewata Dhamma 82 see also dhammas/dharmas Ricard, Matthieu 626 reason 353 examination/ground (yukti) 241, 245, dualities 201–2 246 koans 201 versus experience 251–3 Rissho Gokokudo (Righteous National five perspectives of 308–9 Defense Temple) 520 human rights and 659–61 Rissho Koseikai 520, 521, 527 internal, objective and immediate criteria rites and rituals 276–8 grasping at 58 language and 307–9 Mimamsa school 21–2 logical inquiry (tarka) 241 Rorty, Richard 300 Nagarjuna’s challenge 245 Rouse, W. H. D. natural 246 A Compendium of Buddhist Doctrine (with Nyaya school 22 Bendall) 442 pragmatic 252–4 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques reasoned reflection (cintamayi) 271 Buddhist political critique of 536, “Reason and Experience in Buddhist 537 Epistemology” (Coseru) 241–54 the general will 546–7, 549 rebirth (samsara) Rujing 353 arahat’s state 40–1 “Rules of Debate”/Vada-vidhi (Vasubandhu) Aryan view of 19 311 Buddha’s own teachings 434–7 Rumi 582 craving for annihilation 38 rupa see material world Dasyu view of 17 Dharmakirti on 278 Sa-skya school 506 engaged Buddhism 531 Saccasankhepa/“Brief Account of the Truths” eternalism or annihilationism 64 (Dhammapala) 82 femininity/masculinity 457 Saddhamma-jotipala 82 gender value 664 Saddhatissa 631 holism of cycle 602 Sadhuputra Indian views of reality 14 Sekoddesa-tippani 167–8 Jainism 23 Saffron Revolution 642 pessimistic view of life 30–1 Saicho (Dengyo Daishi) 514 as purifying 653 Saivism 106 without material form 63–4 Sakkapanha Sutta 688 see also karma/kamma Reeves, Gene 518 yogic meditation 291

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bindex.indd 726 07/01/2015 12:12:41 PM index Sakyabuddhi 90, 94 Tattvasamgraha 424 Sakyadhita International 527, 665 theory of exclusion 317 Sakyamuni 351, 492, 518, 565 Yogacara-Madhyamaka 95 buddhahood of 502 Santideva iconography of 501 benefitting self and others 468 intellectual streams of thought 129 Bodhicaryavatara 87, 176, 271, 402–3, life and work of 493 470, 581 on previous life 500 on compassion 471 teachings as a raft 207 controlling mind 484 Salistambasutratika (Kamalasila) 370 pain of self and others 448 Salistambha Sutra 280 positive aspect of suffering 483 Salzberg, Sharon 539 on Six Perfections 445 samadhi see mental concentration universal compassion 633–4 Sariputta 518 Candrakirti on nirvana 339 on Buddha’s death 41 metaphoric language 333–4 character of 455–6 Samannaphalasutta on conditioned co-arising 46–7 six ethical stances 396–7 on feelings 31 Samdhinirmocana Sutra/The Sutra Unraveling importance of 455 the Thought 89 Khema and 458 Samkhya school 14 life of 452 five elements 121 truth parable 260 metaphysics of 21 school 193 “orthodox” darsanas 20–1 conditioned co-arising 60 Sammaditthi Sutta 456 Sarvodaya Shramadana 527, 642, Sammohavinodani/Dispeller of Delusion 644–5 (Buddhaghosa) 81 satya samsara see perpetual wandering doctrine of 216, 219–21 Samyé monastery 505 meaning of 27–8 debate 290–5 Satyadvayavatarasutra Samyutta Nikaya /Connected Discourses of ultimate and conventional truth the Buddha 58, 74 339 metaphoric language 333–4 Satyakaparivarta Sutra 473 Sangiti Sutta 456 Sautrantika school 88, 139 Sangpu Monastery 405 extra-mental existence 144–5 sankhara/samskara see constructing perceptions 146–7 activities; mental formations; mental tantra 103 volitions , Mahasi 593 Sanlun/Sanron/Samnon school 112, Schmithausen, Lambert 603–4 114–15 science sanna see perception Dalai Lama and 616, 625 Sanskrit language theoretical frameworks 585–7 lack of capitals 37 see also biomedical issues Mahavihara tradition and 73 Searle, John 154 Pali canon and 2 Seeds of Peace: A Buddhist Vision for Renewing translation into Chinese 111 Society (Sivaraksa) 532 Santaraksita 90, 94 “Seeing Mind, Being Body” (Klein) Gathering of the Quiddities/Tattvasamgraha 572–82 279 seeing, path of 96 influence in Tibet 99 Sekoddesa-tippani 167–8, 169

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bindex.indd 727 07/01/2015 12:12:41 PM index self (atman) 237 Seon see Zen/Chan/Seon Buddhism agency and 424–5 Setting in Motion of the Wheel Dhamma 5 arahants and 442–3 sex Aryan view of 19 bestiality 173 awareness in meditation 169 in dreams 141–2, 175 Brahman 22, 419, 420 at meditation centers 671 Chan/Zen 123 modern problems worse than 532 dukkha 38–9 non-human arahants 79 false sense of 389 renunciation of sensual 440 as a fetter 569–70 sex trade and women 660 five aggregates 6, 32–4 as skillful means 446 grasping at 57–8 on spiritual path 460 Hume on 6–7 yoga 172–5 I-consciousness 424–5 Shambhalan kingdom 548 liberation of 34–5 model of political Buddhism 536 metaphorical language and 333, political model 539–42 334 122 nature of 279 Sharf, Robert 340 power of 122 Shaw, Sarah “spirit self” 21 “Character, Disposition, and the Qualities Western “ownership” theory 420 of the Arahats” 452–63 see also name-and-form; non-self Shenxiu self-awareness The Platform Sutra of the Sixth Patriarch critiques of Kalacakra tradition 176 200 self-cherishing 466 Shibayama, Zenkei self-love on speech 208 Hobbes on 537–8 Shields, James Mark semantics “Political Interpretations of the Lotus non-dualistic interpretation 135–6 Sutra” 512–22 Seno’o Giro 520–1 Shin school senses moral teachings 488 awareness of sense data 397–8 Shingon school see Zhenyan/Shingon bases in Theravada Abhidhamma 79 tradition conditional co-arising 55 123 consciousness of 143 Shinto school 604 constructing world from 234 Shobogenzo (Dogen) 353 183–4 “The Shorter Discourse on the Lion’s Roar” extrasensory 279 237 Kalacakratantra interpretation 172 “The Shorter Exposition of Action” 434 knowledge from 574–5 Shotoku Taishi 514 mental factors 379, 382 Siderits, Mark 315, 338–9 rejection of “All” 230–2 Siksananda 119 Santaraksita and 279 Silabhadra 112 seeing versus “seeing as” 246–7 silence self-aware gnosis and 172–4 Zen and 358–9 sense-datum theory 409 Silence: Lectures and Writings (Cage) sense fields (ayatanas) 47, 55, 76 357–8 six sense fields (salayatana) 77 sin, Buddhist view of 51 ultimate 377 Singapore, Theravada school in 71 see also feeling; perception Singer, Peter 609–10

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bindex.indd 728 07/01/2015 12:12:41 PM index Sivaraksa, Sulak 540 non-Self 36 engaged Buddhism 525 problem of suffering 5 Seeds of Peace 532 value of emptiness 339–40 Six Perfections (Paramitas) Soto school 353 ethical teachings 443–6 soul, identity with body 229 Mahayana morality 442 South-East Asia moral philosophy 433 Theravada school 71–2 “The Six-phased Yoga of the Abbreviated space and time Wheel of Time Tantra” (Vajrapani) emptiness like space 167 167 mental-only reality 139–40, 141 skandhas see five aggregates reality of objects 146 skepticism/doubt (vicikiccha) 161 sky/space emptiness 196–7 as a fetter 569–70 Spinoza, Baruch Madhyamaka 160 blessedness 106 Pyrrhonian 160 pantheistic ontology 104 see also doubt spirit (purusa) skillful means () 180, 195 mode of reality 20, 21 speech for teaching 370–3 spiritual beings 23 biomedicine and 618 “ ‘Spiritual Exercise’ and Buddhist The Lotus Sutra 513, 515, 518–19 Epistemologists in India and Tibet” Mahayana tradition 87–8, 446 (Kapstein) 270–84 Two Truths model 262–3 spiritual practice virtuous acts 483 conditioned co-arising 49–50 Skilling, Peter 83 see also meditation Skilton, Andrew Sri Lanka “Theravada” 71–83 just war 645 sleep Mahavihara Temple, Anuradhapura wind of prana 175 72 Smaller Emptiness Sutra 198 Mahavihara tradition 75 Smith, A. D. 411 nuns 666 Snyder, Gary 607 Theravada school 71 Soames, Scott 270, 271 Yasodhara as folk heroine 461 social justice 532–4 Srimala, Queen 503 compassion and 467 Srimaladevi Simhanada-sutra 503 difference 675–6 Srong-brtsan-sgam-po, King 504 progressive Buddhism 494–7 “Stages of Meditation” (Kamalasila) 291 see also Buddhism, socially engaged Stanzas on the Middle Way/ social norms, Aryan view of 19 Mulamadhyamakakarika (Nagarjuna) socialism, Seno’o Nichirenism and 520–1 247 “Socially Engaged Buddhism” (Queen) statecraft see kings and leadership; 524–34 politics softness 388 Stcherbatsky, Theodore 278, 284 520, 521, 527 Buddhist Logic 272 156 The Central Conception of Buddhism 526 Soni, R. L. 614 Stengs, Irene 545 soteriology Sthavira community 72–3 concept of non-self 7 Sthiramati 90 Four Noble Truths 430 161, 273, 432 Madhyamaka potency 164 common ground with Buddhism 484 Mahayana tradition 86, 95–7 craving and 433

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bindex.indd 729 07/01/2015 12:12:41 PM index Stoltz, Jonathan sensory input 55 “Cognition, Phenomenal Character, and social engaged view of 526, 528–31 Intentionality in Tibetan Buddhism” supersensory understanding 237 405–16 threefold practice 7 Stone, Jacqueline 517 see also Four Noble Truths Strawson, P. F. suicide, craving for 38 on self 420, 421 Sukhavativyuha Sutra/Larger Sutra of Struggle Movement/Third Way 642 Immeasurable Life 122 Subhakarasimha Suksamran, Somboon 542 Zhenyan tradition 120 sunyata see emptiness Subhuti 165, 167 superimpositions subjectivity cognition criterion 413 being aware 104 supersensory powers 236–7 Madhyamaka tantra 104 Surangama Sutra 195 substance () The Surta Unraveling the Thought 93 six categories of 279 “A Survey of Early Buddhist Epistemology” suchness (Holder) 223–39 inexpressibility of 207 Sutra of Cosmology/Shih chi ching 499 “The Sudden Awakening to the Originally Sutra of Golden Light 503 Real” 291–2 Sutra of the Humane Kings/Renwang jing Suddenists 296 503 suffering (dukkha) sutta-pitaka (Pali Nikayas) 4 all of nature 607, 609 Sutta-vibhanga 74 arising from feelings 234–5 suttas/sutras Buddha’s primary teaching 230 on being 59–60 causes of 7, 56–7, 395, 651–2 Buddha-nature 101 central to canonical texts 5 Buddhaghosa 389 cessation of 7, 40–4 concept of self 36 Chinese worldview and 111 critical understanding of 275 common-sense view of reality and illusory appearance 105 146–7 language of teaching 370 conditioned co-arising 49, 64 Mahayana teaching 88–9 conventional versu ultimate real 132 narratives of paths 463 engaged Buddhism 525 not moral philosophy 442 First Noble Truth 430, 437–8 Pure Land tradition 122 five aggregates 32–4 roots of dukkha 56 Four Noble Truths 29, 476 similies for nidanas 65–6 human rights and 654–7 sutta-pitaka discourses 73–5 institutional causes of 492–3 Zen defiling 350 meaning of 26, 29–31, 43–4 Suzuki, D. T. 605 medicine and 615 no-mind as unconscious 203 meditating upon 568 svabhava metaphysics of 181 existence of 337 nirvana and 43 intrinsic nature of dharmas 130, 132 non-self 462 Madhyamaka existence 134–9 past, present and future 367 see also under existence: intrinsic positive aspects of 483 svalaksana pragmatic approach to ending 256–7 dharma characteristics 130 quenching 526 Svatantrika see Geluk/Svatantrika school of self and others 448 Swearer, Donald 525

730

bindex.indd 730 07/01/2015 12:12:42 PM index Taiwanese nuns 666 majjhima-nikaya 74 Takakusu, Junjiro moral philosophy 442 The Essentials of Buddhist Philosophy 526 Pali 2, 73–6, 74 Takuan Soho Zenji 639 Parivara 74 tama (inertia/dullness) 20 Patthana 74, 79, 80 Tanaka Chigaku 519–20 Puggalapannatti 74, 79 Restoration of Our Sect/Shumon no ishin reliability of 3 520 samyutta-nikaya 74 Tanaka, Koji scriptural interpretation 21–2 “Buddhist Philosophy of Logic” 320–7 sources of 1–3 tanha see craving and thirst Sutta-vibhanga 74 Tanluan 112, 122 Tipitaka 2 Vibhanga 74, 79 associations with term 120 74, 79 Buddha-nature 101 see also suttas/sutras; individual titles clarity 104 Thailand divine appearances 105 monarchy of 545 Madhyamaka hierarchy of 103–5 Sarvastivada school 75 physical being 100 Theravada school 71 practice in Tibet 99 A Theory of Justice (Rawls) 676 self-awareness and 169 603 Tantric Buddhism (Vajrayana) 2 “Theravada” (Skilton) 71–83 Tathagatagarbha tradition Theravada Buddhism Guhyasamajatantra 173 arahat’s experience of nirvana 43, 44 meditation 199 Asokan paradigm 542–5 Perfection of Wisdom Sutra 171, 172 becoming and being 59–60 tathata (thatness) 116–17, 217 Dhammasangani 57 Chan/Zen 123 doctrine 76–7 power to cleanse 119 “doctrine of the Elders” 72 Tattvasamgraha (Santaraksita) 424 ethics 485 Tawney, R. H. 657 Four Noble Truths and 27 Taylor, Mark 356 grasping 57, 58 The Temple of the Golden Pavilion (Mishima) history and context 71–3 355–6 mindfulness meditation 592, 593, school 517 594 texts moral philosophy 433 abandoning dualistic thinking 301 “new” 83 abhidhamma 377 nirvana like eudaimonia 479 abhidhamma-pitaka 74 non-returners 63–4 anguttara-nikaya 74 nuns 666, 667 authority of 279 Pali texts 2, 3, 73–6 Buddha and 1–2 Sivaraksa questions 532 commentaries on 80–3 Stream-Winners 569, 578 Dhatukatha 74, 79 structure and focus of Abhidhamma digha-nikaya 74 77–80 Kathavatthu 74, 79 warfare and violence 473, 631–3, Khandhaka 74 635–7, 648 khuddaka-nikaya 74 Therigatha 665 language of teaching 370–74 thesis (pratijna) letting go of 5–6 see also logic

731

bindex.indd 731 07/01/2015 12:12:42 PM index Thich Nhat Hanh 193 teachings and practices of 2 commentary on Heart Sutra 194 Wheel of Life 61 degree of violence 647–8 see also Kadam school emptiness of water 198 Tibetan Liberation Movement 642, 645 engaged Buddhism 525, 526, 527 “Tibetan Mahayana and Vajrayana” non-adversarial peacemaking 643, 644 (Duckworth) 99–106 “Please Call Me by My True Names” Tillemans, Tom J. F. 528–9 “Yogic Perception, Meditation, and social transformation 539, 540 Enlightenment” 290–301 Thich Quang Duc 533 time things, thingness of 65 Santaraksita and 279 thirst and craving see craving and thirst Tissa Thompson, Evan abhidhamma text 78 “From the Five Aggregates to Phenomenal “To Potaliya” 434 Consciousness” (with Davis) Tolstoy, Leo 585–95 The Death of Ivan Illyich 569 thought Toulmin, Stephen 686 consciousness of 143 training, threefold (tisikkha) 224, 555 Huayan four patterns of 118 tranquility () 382, 387–8 “Three Baskets”/Sutta Pitaka like Greek eudaimonia 432–3 ethical themes 434 suspending judgment 160 “Three Baskets”/Tipitaka/Tripitaka 429 Treatise on Consciousness-Only 113 three natures (svabhavas) Treatise on the Prajnaparamita Sutra 116 rejection of 90 Treatise on Three Natures/Trisvabhavanirdesa Yogacara school 93–4 (Vasubandhu) 217 “The Three Truths in Tiantai Buddhism” “Treatise on Truth”/Rú shí lù (Vasubandhu) (Ziporyn) 256–69 311 three truths model 117, 256 Trungpa, Chogyam 539 understanding conventional truth truth (satya) 263–4 Aristotelian syllogisms 309–10 threefold knowledge 226–7, 236, 237 ariya-sacca 27–9 Tiansheng guangdeng lu/Tensho dentoroku Candrakirti’s two truths doctrine 351, 358 332–4 Tiantai (Tendai/Cheontae) school 112, concealing 403 115–17, 193 conventional 89, 153, 258–62, 263–4, conventional truth as obstructing 262 332–3, 339 The Lotus Sutra 513, 514 direct perception 346 Three Truths model 256, 262–9 doctrine of two satyas 216, 219–21 Tibet emptiness 102 Bodhisattva-Emperors 504–6 four positions/catuskoti 340–2 Buddhism spreads to 2 highest goal 403 deadly Samyé debate 290 human use of language 307–8 incarnation succession 506–7 Madhyamaka traditions 103 Madhyamaka school 89, 90–2 modifier theory of 216 nuns 666–7 moral claims 396 realist view of perception 405 multiple forms of validity 256–8 resistance to democratic rule 545 One Truth position 256 scholastic traditions 272 rejecting views on 159–61 study of pramana 282 of religious teaching 225–7 tantra traditions 99 Santaraksita’s thoughts on 95

732

bindex.indd 732 07/01/2015 12:12:42 PM index semantic non-dualist interpretation self and non-Self 35 135–6 transcendent knowledge 236 skillful means (upaya) 180 upaya see skillful means three truths model 117, 263–9 Upaya-kausalya Sutra 371, 372, 634 two truths theory 256, 257, 259–62 Buddha’s past life 473 ultimate 89, 153, 259–62, 339, 471, Uppalavanna 453, 458 658 character of 459 Yogacara 143–4 utilitarianism 481–2, 618 Tsomo, Karma Lekshe 665 “Buddhist Perspectives on Human Rights” vacaspatimisra 291 651–61 Vaibhasika school 88 Tsongkhapa 176, 295, 506 karma and intentions 398 commentary 92 overcoming ignorance 91 Geluk tradition 102 primary and conceptual existence Lam rim chen mo 291 152 philosophical Vajrayana 100 Vairocana Buddha 120 “Proof of Pramana” 281, 282–4 Vaisesika school 14 Tuske, Joerg categories of substance 279 “The Non-Self Theory and Problems in five elements 121 Philosophy of Mind” 419–28 “orthodox” darsanas 20, 22–3 Twelve Gate Treatise (Nagarjuna) 114, 115 pluralist realism 22 Two Truths doctrine 332–4 theism of 278 Vajira Uddyotakara 317 five aggregates 35 UNESCO Bangkok Bioethics Roundtable 614 Zhenyan tradition 120 Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Vajrapani Human Rights 614 “The Six-phased Yoga” 167 uniqueness Vajrayana school cognition criterion 413 /teacher 671 United Nations Declaration of Human Rights identification with the Buddha 100–1 655–6 kings and 502–4 United Nations Development Programme nuns 666, 667 1999 Human Development Report 677 as pantheistic 105–6 universality philosophical 100–1 engaged Buddhism 539 subjectivity 104 global vision of values 676–9 tantra 103–5 injustice from 686 in Tibet 100 The Lotus Sutra 514, 515–16 see Tantric Buddhism Shambhalan model 540 Valleé Poussin, Louis de La 346 (color) 19 absolute being versus emptiness 204 see also caste system the All 231 Vasubandhu 90, 95, 112, 141–2 being and self 27 Abhidharmakosam 398–9 54 meanings and phrases 367 five elements 121 moral philosophy 431 knowledge for liberation 223 Principles of Commentary 275 meaning of life 19 rejects existence of self 422–4 monism 23 “Rules of Debate”/Vada-vidhi 311 name and form 54 Tarka-sastra 311, 312

733

bindex.indd 733 07/01/2015 12:12:42 PM index

Vasubandhu (cont'd) volition (cetana) 588 Thirty Verses on Consciousness-Only 113 consciousness 53 Treatise on Three Natures 217 five aggregates 33 Yogacara school 93–4 non-self and free will 425–8 Vatsiputriyas particular individuals and 6 self/pudgala 423 in Theravada Abhidhamma 78 Veatch, Robert 619 in warfare 646–7 vedana see feeling/sensation vyanjana 373 Vedanta school 14 Wallace, B. Alan 626 orthodoxy of 20 Wallace, Vesna A. veda as knowledge 223 “Practical Applications of the Perfection of Vedic outlook Wisdom Sutra” 164–76 Indian context 14–15 Wang Xi pre-Vedic 14, 15, 17–18 and the deadly debate 292 primordial Cosmic Man 279 memoir of Samyé debate 290, 294 Velez de Cea, Abraham 481 “War and Peace in Buddhist Philosophy” Vibhanga (The Book of Analysis) 74, 79, 81 (King) 631–48 Victoria, Brian Daizen A. 640 warfare and violence Vietnam Buddhists engaging in 634–41 Buddhist self-immolation 641–2 compassion and 472–4 nuns 666 degree 647–8 Theravada school 71 intention and 472–3 Third Way movement 642, 643, 644 just war theory 645–8 viewpoints Mahayana 633–4 right and wrong 57–8 self-immolation 641–2 vigor (virya) Theravada and 631–3 one of Six Perfections 443, 445 Two Wheels of Dhamma 645–6 Vigrahavyavartani (Nagarjuna) 344 wrong views and 57–8 vihesa see also peacemaking meaning of 42 Warren, Mary Anne 620 Vijnanavadins 165, 169 The Waste Land (Eliot) 357 Sutra 124, 208, 350, 353–4 Watson, Burton 187 Vimalaprabha (Pundarika) 172 Watts, Alan 358 Vimsika/Vimsatikakarika 399 Westerhoff, Jan (monastic code) “Metaphysical Issues in Indian Buddhist collected after Buddha’s death 1–2 Thought” 129–49 vinnana see consciousness modes of knowing 248 violence see peacemaking; warfare and What the Buddha Taught (Rahula) 4 violence What the Buddha Thought (Gombrich) virtues 19 526 Visakha 453 wheel of life 76 Visuddhimagga /Path of Purification 74, 391 illustration of ten realms 116 commentary by Buddhaghosa 75, 80, Wheeler, J. R. 154 434 Wieger, Leon 355, 360 vitalism 616–17 Williams, Paul 613 “The Voice of Another: Speech, approaches to emptiness 199 Responsiveness and Buddhist willing (ceteti) 52 Philosophy” (Nance) 366–74 Wilson, Jeff 614

734

bindex.indd 734 07/01/2015 12:12:42 PM index Winograd, Terry 154 Xuedou wisdom (panna/) 224 The Blue Cliff Records 200 achieving knowledge 236 biomedicine 616 Yamada Koun 196 bodhisattvas and 403 Yamaka (“The Pairs”) 74, 79 Chinese developments 110 Buddhaghosa’s commentary on 81 Eightfold Path 430, 440 Yanagida, Seizan of emptiness 170–6 mirror mind 200 escaping suffering 7 Yasodhara (Rahulamata) forms of 167 varied stories and importance of 459–62 Four Noble Truths 476 Yasutani, Hakuun 198 immeasurable/amitabha 122 Yeshé wang po 296 from meditation 568–9 Yogacara school 88 mirror 200 conditioned co-arising 67 in modern culture 681 denies extra-mental existence 144–5 Sanlun levels of 115 East Asian strains 113 the Six Perfections 430, 443, 445–6 emptiness of subject-object duality Three Forms of Training 555 154–6 three grades of 271 Fazang influenced by 186 virtue ethics 479 gotra theory 113 women idealism of 217–18, 219 arahats 457 Indian schools of thought 14 in Buddhist doctrine 457 within Madhyamaka tradition 92–4 as Buddhist teachers 671–3 meditation 21, 199 discrimination against 659–61 metaphysics of 21, 139–44 engaged Buddhism 532 mind-only (cittamatra) 154–5, 161 lay Buddhists 668–71 “orthodox” darsanas 20, 21 The Lotus Sutra 516 philosophical school of 129 progressive Buddhist views 494 “Proponents of False Representations” scholarship 672 94 Theravada nuns 71 Santaraksita blends with Madhyamaka Woncheuk 114 95 189 three aspects 155–6 484 three natures 93 workableness 388 see also Faxiang world, eternity and infinity of 228–9 “Yogic Perception, Meditation, and Wright, Dale 352 Enlightenment” (Tillemans) Zen discourse 354–5 290–301 Wu, Empress 186 yogic practices Wu, John 362 deadly debate over 291–5 Wu Zetian, Empress 119 Indian views 14 Wumen 200 perception of 299, 345–6 attachment to emptiness 205–6 six-phased meditation on space 167 on speech and silence 207, 208 Tibetan teachings 2 Wumenguan koans 358, 359 truth and 403 wuxin (no-mind) 115 yogipratyaksa direct perception 298–9 111, 112, 113–14, 186 Youth League for Revitalizing Buddhism Xue Yu 638 520

735

bindex.indd 735 07/01/2015 12:12:42 PM index Yuanwu 200 seated meditation 200–1 yukti see under reason silence and 358–9 Yuktisastika (Nagarjuna) 345 sitting meditation (Zazen) 485 temples 354 zazen (seated meditation) 124 warrior monks 639–40 Zen and the Brain (Austin) 626 Zongmi on awakening 187–9 Zen/Chan/Seon Buddhism 112, 123–4 527 Abbot as Buddha’s representative 352 Zhenyan/Shingon tradition 112, 119–21, awakening to emptiness 190 517 buddha-nature in environment 604 Zhiyi 193 compared to Huayan 180 commentaries on The Lotus Sutra 513–14 cultural practices 124 Lotus Sutra truth parable 260–2 Dharma Hall/Abbot’s Quarter literature The Profound Meaning of the Lotus Sutra 351–4 117 discourse sense and nonsense 354–60 Tiantai doctrine 115–17 Heshang’s debate 291–2 186–7 influence on Western culture 356–7 forgetting ordinary thought 350 351 looking for wordless man 359 lack of own-being 192–4 rigid boundaries of language 207 meaning of emptiness 196–8 Zig Zag Zen (Badiner) 626 meditation 592 Ziporyn, Brook 197 meditative consciousness 198–202 “The Three Truths in Tiantai Buddhism” non-verbal sounds 349 256–69 practicing enlightenment 689–90 Zongmi 187–8, 187–9

736

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