DOCSLIB.ORG

The Letters to His FRIENDS^ AMC-5709 (Ab)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Letters to His FRIENDS^ AMC-5709 (Ab) -^pcfw^ <2 L"S. %,- ',<? '•4 CICERO THE LETTEES TO HIS FRIENDS WITH AN ENGLISH TRANSLATION BY W. GLYNN WILLIAMS, M.A. rORMKRLY SCHOLAR OF ST. JOHN'S COLXEOE, CAMBRIDOK AND HEADMASTER OF FRIARS SCHOOL, BANGOR IN THREE VOLUMES II LOXDOX WILLIAM HEINEMANN LTD CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETfS HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRES, MOMLH ^\CHAfi First printed 1928 Reprinted 1943, 195:2 0EC 1 3 ?952 Printed in Great Britain I CONTENTS OF VOLUME II ix Introduction. .... xii Chronological Summary . BOOK VII LETTKBS i.-iv. To Marcus Marius . 2 V. To Julius Caesar ... 22 vi.-xxii. To Trebatius Testa ... 26 xxiii.-xxvi. To Marcus Fadius Gallus . 66 xxvii. To Titus Fadius Gallus . 78 xxvin. To Manius Curius ... 80 XXIX. The same to Cicero . 84 xxx.-xxxi. To Manius Curius ... 86 XXXII.-XXXIII. To PUBLIUS VOLUMNIUS EuTRA- PELUS ..... 90 BOOK via i.-xvii. Marcus Caelius Rufus to Cicero 98 V CONTENTS ROOK IX LETTERS pj^OB i.-viii. To Marcus T6rentius Varro . 184 IX. PuBLius Cornelius Dolabellato Cicero ..... 210 x.-xiv. To PuBLius Cornelius Dolabella 214 XV. -XXVI. To Lucius Papikius Paetus . 232 BOOK X Summary of the Cisalpine Campaign . 286 I. -III. To Lucius Munatius Plancus . 2,90 IV. The same to Cicero. 300 v.-vi. To Lucius Munatius Plancus . 304 vii. The same to Cicero . .310 viii. The same to the Consuls etc. 312 IX. The same to Cicero . , 320 X. To Lucius Munatius Plancus . 322 XI. The same to Cicero . 326 xii.-xiv. To Lucius Munatius Plancus . 330 XV. The same to Cicero . 340 XVI. To Lucius Munatius Plancus . 342 xvii.-xviii. The same to Cicero. 346 XIX. -XX. To Lucius Munatius Plancus . 352 XXI. The same to Cic"ro, . 356 XXII. To Lucius Munatius Plancus . 364 xxiii.-xxiv. The same to Cicero . S66 vi CONTENTS ^*"* LKrrEM xxv.-xxvi. To Gaius Furnius . .378 XXVII. To Marcus Aemilius Lepidus . 386 XXVIII. To Gaius Trebonius . 388 XXIX. To Afpius Claudius . 392 XXX. Seiivius Sulpicius Galba to Cicero 392 / xxxi.-xxxiii. Gaius Asinius Pollio to Cicero 398 xxxiv.-xxxv. Marcus Aemilius Lepidus to Cicero . .418 BOOK XI I. Decimus Junius Brutus to Marcus Brutus and Gaius Cassius 426 ii.-iii. Marcus Brutus and Gaius Cassius to Marcus Antonius 430 IV. Decimus Brutus to Cicero .• 438 v.-viii. To Decimus Brutus . 438 ix.-xi. The same to Cicero . 450 XII. To Decimus Brutus . 458 XIII. The same to Cicero . 460 xiv.-xviii. To Decimus Brutus . 466 xix.-xx. The same to Cicero . 476 XXI.—XXII. To Decimus Brutus , . 482 XXIII. The same to Cicero . 488 vii CONTENTS LBTTERS PAor. XXIV.-XXV. To Decimus Brutus . xxvi. The same to Cicero XXVII. To Gaius Matius 494. xxviii. The same to Cicero 502 XXIX. To Gaius Oppius 510 BOOK XII i.-x. To Gaius Cassius . , .516 xi.-xii. The same to Cicero . 544 xiii. Cassius Parmensis to Cicero . 550 XIV. PuBLIUS LeNTULUS TO CiCERO . 556 XV. The same to the Consuls etc, 566 XVI. Gaius Trebonius to Cicero . 576 xvxi.-xxx. To Qutntus Cornificius . 580 Order op Letters ..... 625 Index, of Names 629 viu INTRODUCTION " This collection of Cicero's " Letters to his Friends was preserved and edited by his secretary Tiro. The collection is inadequately entitled, as it includes several letters, some of them of profound interest, from his friends to Cicero. There are 426 letters, divided into sixteen books, not arranged in any sort of order," chronological or otherwise, except that letters from or to particular correspondents are generally grouped together ; the third book, for instance, consists exclusively of letters from Cicero to Appius Claudius Pulcher, and the eighth book of letters from Marcus Caehus Rufus to Cicero. The earliest letter is one from Cicero to Pompey (x. 7) dated 62 B.C., the year after Cicero's consul- ship ; the latest is one from him to Cassius (xii. 10) WTitten in 43 b.c, the year after the assassination of Caesar, and a few months before his own. These nineteen years from 62 to 43 e.g. cover a period of supreme importance in the history of the Roman Repubhc—a period more minutely described and vividly illustrated in these letters, giving us as they do the different points of view of various corre- spondents, than even in the " Letters to Atticus," written by Cicero alone. " The confusion thus caused is to some extent obviated by a summary, in chronological order, prefixed to each volume, of the events in each year covered by the Letters. ix INTRODUCTION The Letters vary greatly in interest and style ; while many of them contain matter of the highest literary or historical value—as, for instance, Cicero's explanation of his political change of front (i. 9), Sulpicius Rufus's letter of condolence to Cicero on the death of his daughter Tullia (iv. 5) and Matius's defence of his friendship for Caesar (xi. 28)—others are no more than merely formal documents. text is The based on that of Nobbe (1849) ; but where there vi'as an obvious call for emendation in that text I have not hesitated to adopt other readings, always with due acknowledgement. Such universally accepted orthographical correc- tions as cum for quum, consili for consilii, and causa for caussa I have made as a matter of course. To Tyrrell and Purser's exhaustive (it has rightly been described as "monumental") Com- mentary on the Correspondefice of Cicero " I have made constant reference, and owe more than I can tell ; I have depended upon it, too, for the dates of the letters. Watson's Select Letters (with the recently revised edition by Mr. W. W, How), and Pritchard and Bernard's Selected Letters for the use of Schools have been of invaluable assistance to me, and I have freely consulted the admirable translations of all or some of the letters by E. S. Shuckburgh, G. E. Jeans, and S. H. Jeyes. To all the above distinguished Ciceronians I acknowledge with gratitude my very deep indebted- " Referred to in my notes for the sake of brevity as 'Tyrrell." INTRODUCTION The Manuscripts The oldest and soundest ms. of the Epistulae ad Familiares is the Codex Mediceus 49. 9» now in the Laurentian Library at Florence. This is kno-WTi as M. Other Mss., each giving some of the letters, are : G, Codex Harleianus 2773, in the British Museum. R, Codex Parisianus 17812, in the Bibliotheque Nationale. (G and R are closely connected, and both in- dependent of M.) T, Codex Turonensis 688, in the Library of Tours. H, Codex Harleianus 2682, in the British Museum. F, Codex Erfurtensis, now Berohnensis, 252, which closely follows H. D, Codex Palatinus, originally at Heidelberg, now in the Vatican. Of these M alone contains all the Epistulae ad Familiares, G, R, and T giving different portions of Bks. L to VIIL, and H, F, and D of Bks. IX. to X\T XI A CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY OF THE PRINCIPAL EVENTS IN THE LIFE OF CICERO DATE B.C. 106. Cicero is born on Jan. 3 near Arpinum. 89. Serves under Cn. Pompeius Strabo in the Marsic War. 86. Writes his De inventione. 80. Dehvers his speech Pro Sex. Roscio Amerino. 79-78, Travels in Greece and Asia. 77. Returns to Rome, and marries Terentia. 75-74. Serves as quaestor for Lilybaeum in Sicily. 70. Accuses Verres. First Consulship of Pompey and Crassus. 69. Curule aedile. 66. Praetor. Speech Pro lege Manilia. 64. Elected Consul with C. Antonius Hybrida (the latter by a small majority over Catihne). 63 B.C. § 1 . Cicero, being now consul, successfully opposes the agrarian law of the tribune P. Servilius Rullus, which was in the interests of Caesar and Crassus, and CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY intended to check the growing power of Pompey. Caesar is elected Pontifex Maximus. Cicero carries in the Senate the proposal of a svpplicatio of unusual length to Pompey in honour of his eastern triumphs. § 2. Having conciliated his colleague C. Antonius by resigning to him the governorship in 62 of the rich proWnce of Macedonia, Cicero felt himself able in the autumn of 63 to oppose the treasonable designs of L. Sergius CatiUna, of which he had full information from the spy, L, Curius. In the consular elections for 62 Catihne was again defeated. On October 21 Cicero foretold the rising of the Catili- narian Manlius in Etruria on the 27th. Martial law was proclaimed, and the conspirators failed in an attempt to seize Praeneste on November 1, and another plot to murder Cicero was exposed. But Catiline had the audacity to appear in the Senate on November 8, when Cicero so crushingly denounced him that he left Rome to take command of the insurgents in Etruria. § 3. Certain envoys of the Allobroges, having been approached by the conspirators to supply Catiline with cavalry, were arrested, and on the strength of incriminating letters found upon them the following five conspirators were seized and imprisoned — P. Lentulus Sura (praetor), C. Cethegus (senator), L. Statilius, P. Gabinius Cimber, and M. Caeparius ; and at a meeting of the Senate on December 5, mainly at the instance of M, Cato, though Caesar, then praetor elect, was opposed to it, a decree was carried that the five conspirators arrested should be put to death, and that same evening they were strangled under Cicero's supervision. xiii CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY § 4. On December 29 the tribune Q. Metellus Nepos vetoed Cicero's address to the people on going out of office, alleging that " he had put citizens to " death without a trial ; but Cicero's declaration that he had thereby saved his country was received with applause. This Metellus was one of Pompey's officers and was probably instigated by his general, who was chagrined that Cicero, and not he, should have quelled the conspiracy.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Abkürzungsverzeichnis
    625 Abkrzungsverzeichnis Quellen – Quelleneditionen – Zeitschriften und Sammelwerke Quellen Ach. Tat. Achilleus Tatios Acta Acta Apostolorum Aet. Aetios Ail. takt. Ailianos, Taktika Ain. Takt. Aineias Taktikos Aischyl. Prom. Aischylos, Prometheus Aischyl. Agam. Aischylos, Agamemnon Alk. Alkaios Amm. Ammianus Marcellinus Anaxandr. Anaxandros, Fragmente Anaximen. rhet. Alex. Anaximenes, Rhetorica ad Alexandrum Anon. Peripl. mar. Erythr. Anonymus, Periplus maris Erythraei Apoll. Rhod. Argon. Apollonios Rhodios, Argonautika Apollod. Apollodoros, Bibliotheke App. civ. Appianos, Bella civilia App. Ill. Appianos, Illyrica App. Mithr. Appianos, Mithridatius App. Pun. Appianos, Punica App. Samn. Appianos, Samnitica App. Syr. Appianos, Syriaca Apuleius, Metamorph. Apuleius, Metamorphosen Archim. Archimedes Aristeid. panath. Aristeides, Panathenaikos Aristid. Or. Ailios Aristeides, Oratores Aristoph. Ach. Aristophanes, Acharnenses Aristoph. Lys. Aristophanes, Lysistrata Aristoph. Nub. Aristophanes, Nubes Aristoph. Pax Aristophanes, Pax Aristot. an. post. Aristoteles, Analytica posteriora Aristot. Ath. pol. Aristoteles, Athenaion politeia Aristot. cael. Aristoteles, De caelo Aristot. hist. an. Aristoteles, Historia animalium Aristot. metaph. Aristoteles, Metaphysica Aristot. meteor. Aristoteles, Meterologica Aristot. Nikom. Ethik Aristoteles, Nikomachische Ethik Aristot. part. an. Aristoteles, De partibus animalium Aristot. phys. Aristoteles, Physica Aristot. pol. Aristoteles, Politica Aristot. probl. Aristoteles, Problemata Abkrzungsverzeichnis –
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Gallo-Roman Relations Under the Early Empire by Ryan Walsh A
    Gallo-Roman Relations under the Early Empire By Ryan Walsh A thesis presented to the University of Waterloo in fulfillment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Master of Arts in Ancient Mediterranean Cultures Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 2013 © Ryan Walsh 2013 1 Author's Declaration I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. ii Abstract This paper examines the changing attitudes of Gallo-Romans from the time of Caesar's conquest in the 50s BCE to the start of Vespasian's reign in 70-71 CE and how Roman prejudice shaped those attitudes. I first examine the conflicted opinions of the Gauls in Caesar's time and how they eventually banded together against him but were defeated. Next, the activities of each Julio-Claudian emperor are examined to see how they impacted Gaul and what the Gallo-Roman response was. Throughout this period there is clear evidence of increased Romanisation amongst the Gauls and the prominence of the region is obvious in imperial policy. This changes with Nero's reign where Vindex's rebellion against the emperor highlights the prejudices still effecting Roman attitudes. This only becomes worse in the rebellion of Civilis the next year. After these revolts, the Gallo-Romans appear to retreat from imperial offices and stick to local affairs, likely as a direct response to Rome's rejection of them.
    [Show full text]
  • The Hammond Collection
    CATALOGUE OF THE IN THE LAW LIBRARY OF THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF IOWA. COMPILED BY FRANK H. NOBLE, fl.,,. M., LL. B., LIBRARIAN. LAW L\BRAPV DECH 1975 U£1iversity of Iowa lOWA CITY. PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY. 1895. INTRODUCTORY NOTE. The Hammond Historical Law Collection of which the following is a catalogue, has been donated to the State University of Iowa, by Mrs. William G. Hammond, in accor<lance with the wishes of her husband, expressed within a few days of his death, which occured at St. Louis, on April 12, 18<)4. Under the terms· of the gift the collection is to be kept tog~ther in cases specially provided for that purpose in the Law Library, and to remain there as a memorial of Dr. Hammond and of his connection with the Law Department as its Chancellor, from the organization of the Department in 1868 until 1881. The collection comprises twelve hundred and thirty-seven volumes, relating principally to the civil law and to the history of the common law. In the latter branch it covt!rs the legal institutions of the Teutonic tribes in general, and of the Anglo-Saxons in particular, as well- as the early period of the developments of legal institutions in England. Dr. Hammond, while preparing ii.is edition of Blackstone's Commen­ taries, collected copies of all th,e editions of that work published during the authOr's life-time, and this rare collection is included in the gift. In the Library is kept a card catalogue of the whole collection.
    [Show full text]
  • INGO GILDENHARD Cicero, Philippic 2, 44–50, 78–92, 100–119 Latin Text, Study Aids with Vocabulary, and Commentary CICERO, PHILIPPIC 2, 44–50, 78–92, 100–119
    INGO GILDENHARD Cicero, Philippic 2, 44–50, 78–92, 100–119 Latin text, study aids with vocabulary, and commentary CICERO, PHILIPPIC 2, 44–50, 78–92, 100–119 Cicero, Philippic 2, 44–50, 78–92, 100–119 Latin text, study aids with vocabulary, and commentary Ingo Gildenhard https://www.openbookpublishers.com © 2018 Ingo Gildenhard The text of this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). This license allows you to share, copy, distribute and transmit the text; to adapt the text and to make commercial use of the text providing attribution is made to the author(s), but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work. Attribution should include the following information: Ingo Gildenhard, Cicero, Philippic 2, 44–50, 78–92, 100–119. Latin Text, Study Aids with Vocabulary, and Commentary. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2018. https://doi. org/10.11647/OBP.0156 Every effort has been made to identify and contact copyright holders and any omission or error will be corrected if notification is made to the publisher. In order to access detailed and updated information on the license, please visit https:// www.openbookpublishers.com/product/845#copyright Further details about CC BY licenses are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/4.0/ All external links were active at the time of publication unless otherwise stated and have been archived via the Internet Archive Wayback Machine at https://archive.org/web Digital material and resources associated with this volume are available at https://www.
    [Show full text]
  • The Assassination of Julius Caesar 44 BC
    Realizado por Elena Martín Gordón (IES Doñana, ALMONTE) The Assassination of Julius Caesar 44 B.C. Julius Caesar was a great general and an important leader in ancient Rome. His conquest of Gaul extended the Roman world to the North Sea, and he also conducted the first Roman invasion of Britain. Caesar began a civil war in 49 BC, and after that he became the master of the Roman world. He was proclaimed "dictator for life”, and he had the absolute power over the empire. After assuming control of the government, he began important reforms of Roman society and government. The Romans even named a month after him, the month of July for Julius Caesar. Most people liked Julius Caesar because he told To solve : the people that he could solve Rome's problems. Certainly, the resolver Republic had problems: crime was everywhere, taxes were very Taxes: high, and the people were hungry. impuestos Why did Julius Caesar have enemies among the rich and powerful? Among : entre As Julius Caesar became more powerful, and more popular with the people, To worry : leaders in the Senate began to worry . They were afraid that Julius Caesar preocuparse wanted to govern Rome as a king. The Roman senators did not want to return to To be afraid : the time of kings. They were afraid to lose their power. tener miedo, temer Julius Caesar had many enemies in Rome. Because of Julius Caesar's military victories, he was very popular with the Romans. His soldiers were very loyal to Loyal : leal, fiel their leader.
    [Show full text]
  • Marcus Tullius Cicero, on Old Age (De Senectute) [44 BC]
    The Online Library of Liberty A Project Of Liberty Fund, Inc. Marcus Tullius Cicero, On Old Age (De Senectute) [44 BC] The Online Library Of Liberty This E-Book (PDF format) is published by Liberty Fund, Inc., a private, non-profit, educational foundation established in 1960 to encourage study of the ideal of a society of free and responsible individuals. 2010 was the 50th anniversary year of the founding of Liberty Fund. It is part of the Online Library of Liberty web site http://oll.libertyfund.org, which was established in 2004 in order to further the educational goals of Liberty Fund, Inc. To find out more about the author or title, to use the site's powerful search engine, to see other titles in other formats (HTML, facsimile PDF), or to make use of the hundreds of essays, educational aids, and study guides, please visit the OLL web site. This title is also part of the Portable Library of Liberty DVD which contains over 1,000 books and quotes about liberty and power, and is available free of charge upon request. The cuneiform inscription that appears in the logo and serves as a design element in all Liberty Fund books and web sites is the earliest-known written appearance of the word “freedom” (amagi), or “liberty.” It is taken from a clay document written about 2300 B.C. in the Sumerian city-state of Lagash, in present day Iraq. To find out more about Liberty Fund, Inc., or the Online Library of Liberty Project, please contact the Director at [email protected].
    [Show full text]
  • SPEECH in DEFENCE of TITUS ANNIUS MILO Marcus Tullius Cicero
    52 BC SPEECH IN DEFENCE OF TITUS ANNIUS MILO Marcus Tullius Cicero translated by Charles Duke Yonge, A.B. Cicero, Marcus Tullius (106-43 BC) - Rome’s greatest orator, philosopher, and rhetorician, he developed a style of speaking that was emulated for centuries thereafter. Cicero was influential in the development of Latin as more than just a utilitarian language. Speech in Defence of Titus Annius Milo (52 BC) - Milo, a candidate for consulship, and Clodius, a candidate for the praetorship, were in- volved in a streetfight in which Clodius was slain. Milo was tried for his murder. THE ARGUMENT Titus Annius Milo, often in the following speech called only Titus Annius, stood for the consulship while Clodius was a candidate for the praetorship, and daily quarrels took place in the streets between their armed retainers and gladiators. Milo, who was dictator of Lanuvium, his native place, was forced to go thither to appoint some priests, etc.; and Clodius, who had been to Africa, met him on his road. Milo was in his carriage with his wife, and was accompanied by a numerous retinue, among whom were some gladiators. Clodius was on horseback, with about thirty armed men. The followers of each began to fight, and when the tumult had become general, Clodius was slain, probably by Milo himself. The disturbances at Rome became so formidable that Pompey was created sole consul; and soon after he entered on his office, A.U.C. 702, Milo was brought to trial. This speech, however, though composed by Cicero, was not spoken, for he was so much alarmed by the violence of Clodius’s friends, that he did not dare to use the plain language he had proposed.
    [Show full text]
  • Performance and Rhetoric in Cicero's Philippics * in Recent Years, the Idea Of
    Performance and Rhetoric in Cicero's Philippics * In recent years, the idea of 'performance' has become a more and more important concept for the analysis of literary texts, even if the notion of 'performance' in literary criticism still does not denote a single agreed theory, but is a collective term referring to a number of different aspects and methods. The performance approach seems obvious for some literary genres, like drama and also oratory, for which performance is an essential char­ acteristic. In the case of orations, in antiquity already a detailed doctrine of the perfect performance was established, both in theory and practice. Building on this knowledge and trying to recover the quintessential context of a speech, people have successfully attempted to explore a Roman orator's potential and to contexrualize Roman orations by reconstructing the delivery of sample speeches.' However, there are further levels of performance to be looked at in a Roman speech if the term 'performance' is understood in a more specific way: there is not only the actio that determines the performance of a complete speech; the texts of transmitted speeches also exhibit passages where the wording shows that the orator bases his argument on the performance situation, particularly by making use of the active participation of the audience. Reactions from the audience are deliberately elicited by the orator, for instance by taking on certain roles; these techniques stem from his rhetorical training (for example, ethopoiia); however, considering and commenting on these reactions subsequently yield a performative dialogue with the audience, mirrored in the text. That opens up the opportunity to reconstruct a performance situation which goes beyond identifying how rhetorical techniques have been realized by the orator.
    [Show full text]
  • Public Construction, Labor, and Society at Middle Republican Rome, 390-168 B.C
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2012 Men at Work: Public Construction, Labor, and Society at Middle Republican Rome, 390-168 B.C. Seth G. Bernard University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Ancient History, Greek and Roman through Late Antiquity Commons, and the History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons Recommended Citation Bernard, Seth G., "Men at Work: Public Construction, Labor, and Society at Middle Republican Rome, 390-168 B.C." (2012). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 492. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/492 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/492 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Men at Work: Public Construction, Labor, and Society at Middle Republican Rome, 390-168 B.C. Abstract MEN AT WORK: PUBLIC CONSTRUCTION, LABOR, AND SOCIETY AT MID-REPUBLICAN ROME, 390-168 B.C. Seth G. Bernard C. Brian Rose, Supervisor of Dissertation This dissertation investigates how Rome organized and paid for the considerable amount of labor that went into the physical transformation of the Middle Republican city. In particular, it considers the role played by the cost of public construction in the socioeconomic history of the period, here defined as 390 to 168 B.C. During the Middle Republic period, Rome expanded its dominion first over Italy and then over the Mediterranean. As it developed into the political and economic capital of its world, the city itself went through transformative change, recognizable in a great deal of new public infrastructure.
    [Show full text]
  • Discovering a Roman Resort-Coat: the Litus Laurentinum and The
    DISCOVERING A ROMAN RESORT-COAST: THE LITUS LAURENTINUM AND THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF 1 OTIUM* Nicholas Purcell St John's College, Oxford I. Introductory Otium - the concept of leisure, the elaborate social and cultural definer of the Roman elite away from its business of political and military power - is famous. We can see in Roman literary texts how the practice of otium patterned everyday experience, and how it was expressed in physical terms in the arrangement, on a large and on a small scale, of all aspects of Roman space. The texts likewise show that much of what we would regard as social life, and nearly all of what we think of as economic, belonged in the domain of otium. The complexities and ambiguities of this material have been much studied.2 Roman archaeology equally needs to be an archaeology of otium, but there has been little attempt to think systematically about what that might entail. Investigating the relationship between a social concept such as otium and the material culture that is the primary focus of archaeology must in the first place involve describing Roman culture in very broad terms. The density of explicit or implicit symbolic meaning, the organisation of space and time, degrees of hierarchy of value or prestige: it is at that level of generalisation that the archaeologist and the cultural historian will find the common denominators that enable them to share in the construction of explanations of Roman social phenomena. In this account, which is based on research into a particular locality, we shall have to limit ourselves to one of these possibilities.
    [Show full text]
  • Thesis Draft 3.23.2014.Docx
    Cicero and Caesar: A Turbulent Amicitia by Adam L. Parison June, 2014 Director of Thesis/Dissertation: Dr. Frank E. Romer Major Department: History Though some study into the relationship between Cicero and Caesar has occurred, it is relatively little and the subject warrants more consideration. This is a significant gap in the historiography of late republican history. This thesis examines and attempts to define their relationship as a public amicitia. By looking at the letters of Cicero, his three Caesarian speeches, and his philosophical dialogue de Amicitia, I show that the amicitia between these two men was formed and maintained as a working relationship for their own political benefit, as each had something to gain from the other. Cicero’s extant letters encompass a little more than the last twenty years of Cicero’s life, when some of the most important events in Roman history were occurring. In this thesis, I examine selected letters from three collections, ad Quintum fratrem, ad Familiares, and ad Atticum for clues relating to Caesar’s amicitia with Cicero. These letters reveal the tumultuous path that the amicitia between Cicero and Caesar took over the years of the mid-50s until Caesar’s death, and , surprisingly, show Cicero’s inability to choose a side during the Civil War and feel confident in that choice. After Caesar’s victory at Pharsalus in 48, the letters reveal that Cicero hoped that Caesar could or would restore the republic, and that as time passed, he became less optimistic about Caesar and his government, but still maintained the public face of amicitia with Caesar.
    [Show full text]
  • The Letters of Cicero : the Whole Extant Correspondence in Chronological
    Ex Libris C. K. OGDEN BOffN'S CLASSICAL LIBRARY THE LETTERS OF CICERO VOL. Ill LONDON: G. BELL & SONS, LIMITED, PORTUGAL ST. LINCOLN'S INN, W.C. CAMBRIDGE: DEIGHTON, BELL& co. NEW YORK : THE MACMILLAN CO. BOMBAY : A. H. WHEELER & CO. THE LETTERS OF CICERO THE WHOLE EXTANT CORRESPONDENCE IN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER TRANSLATED INTO ENGLISH BY EVELYN S. SHUCKBURGH, M.A. LATE FELLOW OF EMMANUEL COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE AUTHOR OF A TRANSLATION OF HOLYBIUS, A HISTORY OF ROME. ETC IN FOUR VOLUMES VOL. III. B.C. 48-44 (FEBRUARY) LONDON G. BELL AND SONS, LTD. 1915 AND CO. CHISWICK PRESS : CHARLES WHITTINGHAM TOOKS COURT, CHANCERY LANE, LONDON. LETTERS IN VOLUME III VI LETTERS IN VOLUME III LETTERS IN VOLUME III Vll Vlll LETTERS IN VOLUME III Att. XIII. INTRODUCTION HPHE correspondence in this volume (January, B.C. 48- J- February, B.C. 44) opens with a letter to Atticus from Pompey's headquarters in Epirus. There are only nine letters during the fifteen or sixteen months Cicero at which intervene between Cicero's ' departure Pharsalia. One of these is from Cselius . August, B.C. 48. (p. 4), foreshadowing the disaster which soon afterwards befell that facile intelligence but ill-balanced character in- ; and one from Dolabella (p. 6), spired with a genuine wish in which Caesar shared that Cicero should withdraw in time from the chances and dangers of the war. Cicero's own letters deal mostly with the anxiety which he was feeling as to his property at home, which was at the mercy of the Csesarians, and, in case of Pompey's defeat, would doubtless be seized by the victorious party, except such of it as was capable of being concealed or held in trust by his friends.
    [Show full text]