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VOLUME 21, NUMBER 7 JULY 1997

An Official Publication of the American Watchmakers-Clockmakers Institute. CLOCKS & WATCHES

Executive and Editorial Offices AWI Central, 701 Enterprise Drive, Harrison, OH 45030, 10 The Novice Watchmaker, By David A. Christianson Telephone: (513) 367-9800, Fax: (513) 367-1414, Web Conservation, Restoration, and Repair of Watches and Clocks, Part 2 Site: http://www.awi-net.org. Office Hours: Monday tluough Friday 8:00 AM to 4:00 PM (Eastern Standard Time). Closed national holidays. 18 Repairing Mechanical Watches & Clocks, By Henry B. Fried Donna Baas: Editor/Advertising Manager Katherine J. Ortt: Associate Editor Replacing a Barrel Hook Diane M. DeVillez: Art & Production Director William J. Ewbank: Executive Director 27 A Practical Course In Clock Repair, By John P. Kenyon James Lubic: Education & Technical Director Nancy L. Wellmann: General Manager Calculating the Time Between Windings Mary Sansalone: Education Coordinator Sharon McManus: Membership Coordinator 30 Technically Watches, By Archie B. Perkins Nancy Danner: Librarian/Technical Services Mary Beth Huff: Shipping Coordinator Antique Watch Restoration, Part CXXXIX, Debbie Schallick: Clerical Support Adjusting Watches to Five and Six Positions Technical Editors Robert F. Bishop J.M. Huckabee James H. Broughton John P. Kenyon 36 Music Box Clocks, By Leo A. Jaroslaw Fred S. Burckhardt Archie B. Perkins David J. Carlson Robert D. Porter Vienna Clock with Grande Sonnerie and Music Box, Part 23 David A. Christianson Marshall R. Richmond AWi Officers M.R. "Buddy" Carpenter, CMC, CMEW: President 38 A German Wag-on-the-Wall, By David J. Carlson Henry Frystak, CMW: First Vice President Charles Cleves: Second Vice President Fred S. Burckhard!: Secretary DEPARTMENTS James H. Broughton, CMEW, FAWI: Treasurer AWi Directors 2 AWIUpFront 45 Classifieds Robert F. Bishop, CMEW, FAWI Alice B. Carpenter, CMW, CMEW By M.R. "Buddy" Carpenter David A. Christianson, CMW, CMEW & William J. Ewbank 48 Advertising Index Ewell D. Hartman, CMW, FAWI Greg Hostetter, CC Roland R. Iverson, CMC 4 Questions & Answers EDUCATION Gerald G. Jaeger, CMW, CMEW, FAW! From the Henry B. Fried Library Robert A. Nelson, CMW, CMEW, FAWI 26 Education Update Robert D. Porter, CMW Marshall F. Richmond, CMW 6 Ask Huck By James E. Lubic Jack Kurdzionak: Affiliate Chapter Director By J.M. Huckabee Toby Witherspoon: Research & F.ducation Council Director Joseph L. Cerullo, CMW, CMC: Immediate Past President 40 Scholastically Speaking *Fellows oftheAmerian Watchmakers Institute* 8 As A Clockmaker Turns By Ken Pell Robert F. Bishop J.M. Huckabee James H. Broughton Gerald G. Jaeger By J.M. Huckabee George Daniels Robert A. Nelson 41 American Watchmakers­ *Henry B. Fried *Hamilton E. Pease Clockmakers Institute Josephine F. Hagans Milton C. Stevens 24 From The Workshop *Orville R. Hagans *Marvin E. Whitney By Jack Kurdzionak Research and Education Ewell D. Hartman *Deceased Council (REC) Roster of Harold J. Herman Reprinting and reproduction is prohibited without 14 Pickle Barrel Schools written permission from the American Watchmak­ By Marshall F. Richmond ers-Clockmakers Institute. Copyright© 1997 by the American Watchmakers-Clockrnakers Institute. HOROLOGICAL TIMES (ISSNO 145-9546) is published 17 Affiliate Chapter Column SPECIAL INTEREST monthly and copyrighted by theArnerican Watchmakers By Jack Kurdzionak Institute, 701 Enterprise Drive, Harrison, Ohio 45030. 13 1997 Election Results AWi Subscription price for the public is $45.00 per year ($4.50 per copy) in the United States and $50.00 per year ($5 .50 42 Bulletin Board Board of Directors per copy outside the U.S.), members subscription is $14.63 paid with annual dues of $45.00. Second-class postage paid at Harrison, Ohio. POSTMASTER: Send address ON THE COVER: This month's cover was taken by Jack Goldstein of changes to HOROLOGICAL TIMES, 701 Enterprise Drive, Harrison, Ohio 45030. Cranford, NJ. UP FRONT

President's Message Executive Director's Message

As I sit here thinking of the responsibilities I am faced This is as good an opportunity as any to acquaint our with, I feel very humble. There are about 6,000 members readers with how some of our magazine deadlines affect who have placed their trust in me for the past year, and I what is written in topical columns like this. I am working have them to answer to for my every action and word. on deadline to reach an early July publication date. As Believe me, some of you are very vocal, both in support always, I am crowding the deadline mercilessly and earn­ and in constructive criticism, but that's all right. I need ing reproachful looks from the HT editor. Still in the fu­ both. (The person in this office, whether me or someone ture lie a special constitutional election and our annual else, needs both). One four-page letter was received re­ meeting, the outcomes of which are still unknown. To cently concerning one word I had used in this column that compose a column like this, the writer must take a guess was not used properly. My profound apology. as to what the future may hold. Our constitution states, "The President shall be the The future is the topic of this month's column. Spe­ chief executive officer of the Institute and shall preside cifically, we need to start asking hard questions about the over all meetings of the Board of Directors, and other na­ future of AWI. All too often we hear about unspecified tional meetings, as well as appointing all committees." threats to AWI from the murky past. Never have we heard Well, appointing the committees was no easy job, but it that AWI has a plan to engage the future. With our mag­ was done well within the time limits that were set. nificent facilities, solid financial base and talented mem­ One Board of Directors meeting has been presided over bership, AWI has the potential to chart a future course that so far. I was a little anxious about that. Since there was will lead it to become the most influential voice in the no bloodshed at that meeting, I now have much more con­ field of watchmaking and clockmaking. As the new guy fidence about the next one. on the block, I get the uncomfortable feeling that rather I still have some feelings of awe about being called than charting a solid course, AWI is like a beautiful cruise "Chief Executive Officer." If you think about it, it's much ship adrift. In the open sea, a ship and its passengers can like the feeling you get when you first become a father. drift indefinitely without suffering any harm. Unfortu­ You now are responsible for the safety and well being of nately, sooner or later wind and tide will bring a drifting this "person." At the same time, you have "parental feel­ ship against a lee shore. There is simply no good reason ings" concerning your responsibilities and a strong feel­ for the good vessel AWI to find itself aground. All that is ing of commitment. needed is some careful planning, imagination, and the At this point, I must say that no one could feel more willpower to make the future a friend rather than an un­ supported than I have been made to feel by you, the mem­ known and frightening enemy. bership. The mail and phone calls from members all over I would like to share a few of the recommendations the United States have at times lifted my spirits to the "fly­ that I intend to make to our Board of Directors at the an­ ing point." There are those of you out there that I feel a nual meeting. Create a strategic planning committee of very close bond of friendship with, though I have not met members with solid educational, managerial, and techni­ you, because of the warmth in your letters and the encour­ cal expertise. Use Horological Times as a vehicle to in­ agement in your voice over the telephone. form the membership of Board policies and constitutional Some Affiliate Chapter delegates may not know that issues. Above all, allow members a chance to hear both you will be provided one AWI speaker per year, free of sides of an issue and to make a real informed choice. In­ charge. You are privileged to have the AWI President to vestigate new technologies that can be used to break down speak to your Association, also without cost. This policy the professional isolation so many of our members have. was instituted in 1960 when AWI was formed, and has Recruit and develop new talent for the inevitable succes­ been in force since ever since. The original purpose sion of the present generation of teachers, writers, and

Continued on page 6. Continued on page 6. 2 HOROLOGICAL TIMES 0 of

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By example, a spring wire can easily be hardened further. as used in an old American clock is & ANSWERS David A. Christianson, about 1/4" wide and 0.002"-0.003" Chairman, A WI Technical Committee thick. A replacement from that From the Henry B. Fried Library source can very easily cause your QUESTION type of problem. I have a time-only Tiffaney pen­ dulum clock which gains about two Gear Train QUESTION hours in a day. Adjusting the pendu­ Check each wheel and pinion In reading HT articles on repair lum does not help. I took the main­ from the center shaft through the es­ of wheels, I noticed that music wire spring out of the barrel and cleaned cape wheel, that they are tight on and Loctite 262 are used. I tried to both mainspring and barrel with no their respective arbor. A slip on any acquire music wire in an assortment luck at all. The mainspring inside the one of these will cause an unex­ of thicknesses, but the firm I con­ barrel measures one inch wide by plained time gain. tacted said they never heard of it. two inches in diameter. Can you help Where can I buy music wire and me find the solution to this problem. Gear Ratio and Escape Wheel Loctite 262? Anthony Solan, Munster, Indiana Count your gear train and escape Charles Avellino, Cammack, New York wheel teeth. Then calculate the beat ANSWER rate. Compare that value to the pen­ ANSWER Regarding your Tiffaney clock, dulum length from center of suspen­ Loctite adhesives are commonly I'm unable to identify your clock; sion spring to center of the pendu­ found in auto parts stores, there are however, I presume it is a small lum ball. An error of more than several available but #262 should be table-top unit that runs eight days. about± 10-15% may indicate that available there also. This conclusion was drawn from the escape wheel has the wrong Mr. Huckabee gets his music your description of the spring barrel. number of teeth (or another wheel wire or piano wire from a local I'll discuss your problem in the or pinion). hobby store near his home. How­ light of most small pendulum clocks ever, I'm quite sure that it must be a with a similar problem. Movement and Case very large, or at least a very com­ Does the movement appear to be plete hobby store, because the ones Escapement original to the case? Possibly a I've tried don't have it either. Mu­ Study your escapement with change could have been made and sic wire is a very hard and springy great care and determine if it double­ the movement and pendulum are not wire. Apparently his hobby store escapes on one tooth of the escape mates. buys piano wire of various diameters wheel. Two hours per day gain is in and cuts it to length, because piano the region of what I would expect Conclusion wire, available at some music stores, from double-escapement on a wheel The problem you have is not comes in long coils and is rather ex­ that has one short tooth. very common, but one that every pensive, especially if all you need clockmaker experiences from time is a couple of inches. Pendulum to time. I feel confident you will find I'd suggest that you either use Does your pendulum appear to one or more of the foregoing sug­ push rods for radio controlled air­ be original? One that has a smaller gestions will solve your problem. I planes (they're available in differ­ ball (lighter weight) than the origi­ regret that I do not know your spe­ ent diameters at most hobby stores) nal may be overpowered by the cific clock, but these suggestions are or buy an assortment of blued pivot mainspring. If your pendulum's the methods members of our trade wire from your clock supply dealer. lower tip describes an arc of more use to solve similar problems in any This assortment of blued pivot wire than± 3 1/2°, this may indicate a ball type of pendulum clock. will give you an assortment of di­ weight that is less than the original. J.M. Huckabee ameters and, depending on the num­ ber of pieces in the assortment, will Suspension Spring cost from $2 to $9 from most mate­ If my guess is correct on the type rial houses. Blued pivot wire is not of clock you have, the suspension as hard as music wire but it is quite spring is very thin, probably less sufficient for most repivoting jobs. than 0.001" thick. If it has been re- 4 HOROLOGICAL TIMES .Jlttrel For the Best and Latest in .Jlttrel Watchmaker's Tools

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Jules Borel & Co. Order Desk 800-776-6858 .Jlttrel 1110 Grand Boulevard Order FAX 800-776-6862 .Jltn·el Kansas City, MO 64106-2348 Local 816-421-6110 President's Message Continued from page 2.

was for the President to reach as many HUCK members as possible, and to hear their questions and ideas for the betterment By J.M. Huckabee, CMC, FBHI, FAWI of AWI and its members. I have always enjoyed the oppor­ tunity to sit down and talk with you about how you perceive AWL I enjoy answering your questions and listen­ ing to your suggestions. I am sure the AWI President, whether it be me or THE TIRED AMERICAN CLOCK someone else, will welcome your in­ vitation to come meet with you dur­ PART 2 ing your convention. The only restric­ tion would be a conflict in scheduling. I perceive the role of the Presi­ dent, to be one of service to you to the best of my ability. It is the affir­ mation I made when I was sworn in. While this series is in progress, more in diameter, you can assume it It is the overriding criteria on which I Mr. Huckabee will continue to answer will power a movement at least 9-10 proceed each day. questions on other subjects that may days. be sent to him by way of this column. Feel free to continue to direct your Movement Test Run /!11? ~ questions to: "Ask Huck, " clo Horo­ A long-term test run is counter­ M. R. "Buddy" Carpenter logical Times, 701 Enterprise Drive, productive. Inspect your work care­ Harrison, Ohio 45030. fully and make a short test run (a few hours) with your spring let down 9- Executive Director's Message This series continues with the 10 turns. If you can maintain a satis­ Continued from page 2. question of a clock movement that factory rate, you will have no trouble seems to have insufficient power to making a reliable 8-day run. craftsmen. Rebuild the lost relation­ maintain reliable operation. ships with the manufacturing and dis­ Movement Rate tributing sectors of our industry so that How long should the old The old American clocks are not the craftsman can have a real say in Q • American clock be expected good timekeepers by today's stan­ issues that affect his livelihood. Be an to run on a full spring winding? dards. Grandma's clock kept "perfect advocate for the professional watch­ time"; however, that term only means maker and clockmaker to assure that Spring Size and Power that it did not stop. A rate gain of a these unique and special skills are pre­ A • The typical 8-day mainspring minute per day at full wind, and loss served and the public recognition of is about 3/4" wide, 0.017" thick and of a similar amount by the seventh day what a special field this is can finally 8' long. That is lots of power storage is typical. Clocks with a long pendu­ be earned. Take long overdue steps capacity! These old clocks typically lum will do better, and the short-pen­ to assure the future financial stability make about one revolution of the great dulum version may not do so well. of AWI as an institution. wheel per day. Confines of the move­ This series will continue next As your Executive Director, I ment usually permit about 10-14 turns month. hope to have the opportunity to play a of active spring. If your movement is role in making these things happen. in good order, it will run 10-14 days As members, you need to ask why on a full wind. If you have any these things haven't been done before. questions, please write: Testing a Spring "Ask Huck" c/o Horological Times A simple spring test is to remove 701 Enterprise Drive the spring clamp and observe the size Harrison, Ohio 45030 of the relaxed spring. If it is a foot or William J. Ewbank

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I CM-V1000 ...... $399.00 I (Call for information about multiple station systems) The Example assortment of bulk wire. Original wires ASA The example in Figure 1 is from a were made from mild steel. Therefore, Sessions clock built in the early part of this there is little point in using harder mate­ century. The fan is lightly friction-fit onto rial. For example, I do not recommend CLOCKMAKER its arbor. That fit should be just tight enough pivot wire as used to make a balance staff. that it does not slip when in motion. When I cut the wires on the lathe. the strike train makes an abrupt stop, the My wire cutter is a Barrette (bird­ TURNS fan ovenuns to dissipate its stored energy. tongue) file as shown in Figure 7. Grind In the event the fan is too tight, that stored the edge at an angle as shown in that CLOCK MOVEMENT energy causes excess stress on the pinion illustration. and its arbor pivots, the prime cause of its The abrasive disc cuts away the file DAMAGE FROM A high wear rate. The pinion wires will be edge, leaving the teeth as a very sharp fine­ BROKEN MAINSPRING removed and new wires installed. These tooth saw. wires are known by a wide variety of names Tum the file over and place a cross PART 3 in our trade. I use the simple name of wires. mark where the width equals the old pin­ ion wire length. Study Figure 8 for the idea; By J.M. Huckabee, Disassembly this becomes a stick-gauge to measure your CMC, FBHI, FAWI Remove the fan (fly) and inspect how new wires. the wires are held in place. One pinion With the wire in a suitable lathe collet, shroud has through-holes and the other has turn your file (saw) on edge, against the A broken or spilled mainspring may blind holes. It is important that the wires collet, and make a light stroke. This cuts a cause very serious damage to many parts are of proper size and length. Size should ring around the wire. That idea is pictured of a clock movement. The first part of this fill the holes to a snug fit, and length should in Figure 9. Stop, and advance your wire series dealt with a damaged wheel and its almost fill the available space. Wrre ends by the stick-gauge width as in Figure 10. restoration. The second part of the series are best cut square with a slight chamfer Continue until you have a "stick of pinion related restoration of a damaged wheel and on their ends. Along-term debate has never wires." The cut depth is sufficient that the arbor and the associated pivots. This con­ resolved whether the wires should be tight, stick of wires can be easily broken into in­ cluding article involves rebuilding a lan­ or somewhat free to roll. The many ex­ dividual pieces. This example is illustrated tern pinion. All of the material is centered amples of both conditions do not give a in Figure 11. Do not break up the stick of around an American clock in the age range conclusive answer. Figure 2 shows a se­ wires. It will become the handle used to of up to a hundred years old. Most of the ries of burs in the shroud hole mouth. It is load the wires into your pinion. teaching can be adapted to other types of not difficult to keep the wires in place. the same general size and class. The opposite shroud is pictured in Fig­ Finishing the Job ure 3. Wrres must be removed via the other Load the wires into the pinion. As you The Lantern Pinion shroud. Few workers agree on how to re­ do so, break off the handle and move to The lantern pinion is one of the oldest move the wires. I'll show a time-tested and the next hole. Loading up the entire pin­ of pinion types used in mechanical devices. time-efficient method that I use. It is pos­ ion only takes a half-minute. The quick and It is also known as one of the most low­ sible to dislodge one or both shrouds on simple method is shown in Figure 12. friction pinions. In addition, it is known the arbor. The method I use reduces that All that remains is to lock the wires in for its tolerance to center-distance errors risk to almost zero. place. The small bur (cutter) shown in Fig­ and tooth profile variance of its associated Stand the pinion in a suitable hole of a ure 12 is used to gouge the hole mouth to wheel. As such, it made early-day watchmakers bench block Figure4 shows raise up a locking bur. I hold the bur in a clockrnaking in America a successful in­ how the wire is pushed down through the pin vise and use a rocking motion with pres­ dustry. Labor intensity in manufacture has retention knurl of the lower shroud. Use sure to secure the wires. Only a slight in­ caused the demise of its use. chain nose pliers, hold tight, and the wire terference is necessary to hold wires in To a great extent the lantern pinion has breaks through the retention with a snap. place. I don't recall ever knowing of one made possible the ease ofrestoration of old The idea is shown in Figure 4, and an al­ that came out. American clocks. The lantern pinion is re­ ternate view of the same process in Figure pairable in almost all circumstances. Need 5. Further, remove the work from the bench Conclusion for repair may result from the shock wave block and push the wires up through the The job is time efficient and good. The from a broken mainspring, abuse, or long­ shroud as in Figure 6. This was done with method reduces a tedious repair into one term wear. The most common cause is the same pliers. that is easy and a real pleasure to do. wear, and the most common pinion is the This concludes the subject of "Clock striker train governor, called a fan or fly. Make the New W:rres Movement Damage from a Broken This material relates rebuilding that pinion. Select the raw material from an Mainspring." ~ 8 HOROLOGICAL TIMES Figure 1. This fly pinion will be used to Figure 5. Each pinion wire will stop Figure 9. Chuck wi~ stock in the lathe. As demonstrate lantern wire replacement. against the block swface. This permits the edge ofthe file rides chuckswface, saw removal without stress on the arbor a ring around the wire. shroud junction.

Figure 2. The lantern wires are held in Figure 6. Wires may now be pushed Figure 10. Advance the wire the width place by a bur formed in the shroud holes. through the shroud. Tools will be made to of the file at your marker. Cut another cut the new wires from bulk wire stock. ring, etc.

Figure 3. Only one shroud has through Figure 7. Grind the edge ofa Barrette file Figure lJ. Continue until you have a "stick holes. This shroud is adjacent to the fly. to an angle ofabout 75°. This becomes a ofwires . " The cut-depth diameter is about "saw" to cut the wires. one-half ofwire diameter.

Figure 4. Grip the wire with chain-nose Figure 8. Back side of the file has a cross Figure 12. Load the wires into the pinion pliers and force it downward against the mark where its width equals length ofold and "break off' the stick handle. Gouge bench block. It breaks through its pins. Edge indicated is the "saw." shroud hole mouth with the bur shown to retention bur. retain the wires. JULY 1997 9 original maker and must be preserved as such for pos­ terity. This duty transcends the responsibility to the THE NOVICE owner. Since the timepiece will undoubtedly outlive the life of the owner, the owner should understand that his position is that of a custodian of the watch or clock WATCHMAKER and should accept the responsibility of keeping the timepiece in its intended condition. 2. The restorer should not undertake work which he CONSERVATION, RESTORATION, AND knows to be beyond his skills or expertise. But it is REPAIR OF WATCHES AND CLOCKS the responsibility of the restorer to gain those skills needed to become a competent restorer. Part2 3. The owner's budget may limit the work that can be carried out, but the quality of work should remain the By David A. Christianson, CMW, CMEW, FBHI same, whether partially done or complete. Remember a restorer is judged by his worst work rather than his A Code of Ethics for Horologists best. In Part 2 of our article on watch and clock restoration 4. Where replacement parts are necessary, new compo­ we'll present the British Horological Institute's "Code of nents should be made in the correct style of the period Ethics for Horologists," with some literary license taken and of suitable material. It is unethical, however, to to interpret and expand upon this topic. try to antique or otherwise make this new part appear The conservation or restoration of clocks is a profes­ to be original. The new parts should be made identifi­ sion, and as such requires a code of ethics to provide a able as new by marking, graining, or coloring the re­ guide to what constitutes good practice along with a guide placement part. to what constitutes dubious or unacceptable practice. 5. All elements of a dismantled watch or clock should The code is similar to and consistent with the one remain under the direct control of the restorer. Label­ adopted by the International Institute for the Conserva­ ing and storage of a dismantled timepiece must be tion of Historic and Artistic Works. systematic in order to guard against, not only loss or misplacement, but such unforeseen circumstances as A Horologist Has a: bankruptcy, incapacity, or death of the restorer. Duty to the Object If it is necessary to send part of the mechanism to It is the prime responsibility of the restorer/conserva­ someone outside the shop, it is necessary to record and tor to preserve the original character and property of the detail the parts sent and to whom, by what method of trans­ object. port and with sufficient insurance to cover their possible loss. Assume the worst when sending parts away from the Duty to the Owner shop and take careful steps to protect yourself and the The restorer/conservator should deal directly with the timepiece! owner when giving an assessment of an object, the work required, the estimated time for it to be carried out, and The Restorer Has a Duty to the Owner the probable cost. l. When the restorer works directly for a customer who is the owner of the timepiece, his responsibility is Duty to the Profession straight forward. If he employs a third party for any The maintenance of high standards by an individual part of the work, the restorer is still responsible for member of his profession and of his standard of conduct the security of the timepiece and also for the quality with other members of his profession is the most effective standards and craftsmanship of the third-party restorer. way of maintaining respect for the profession and of pro­ Ethical standards run the risk of being compro­ tecting the public from the inferior standards of workers mised when the restorer has to work through an not bound by the professional Code of Conduct. owner's agent, since he doesn't have the opportunity Let's look more closely at this Code of Ethics and its to discuss the extent of work needed and alternative principles: repairs that may be made to the mechanism. Ideally, the restorer should talk directly with the The Restorer Has a Duty to the Object owner because obvious defects can be pointed out and 1. It is unethical to make improvements to the watch or desirable, although non-essential, work can be dis­ clock, to alter the original mechanism or finish, or to cussed. Also, advice can be given and understanding make new combinations of old parts. The timepiece can be reached between client and restorer concern­ should be seen as an example of the work of the ing the wishes of the client within the framework of 10 HOROLOGICAL TIMES the attitudes and standards of the restorer. If work needs to be sent out, the restorer must advise the owner of this possibility. 2. Estimates of the nature and extent of work required should be given up front, as well as the possibility of unforeseen problems, and also the pros and cons of alternative treatments and the costs involved in each case. It is far better to give written estimates, itemiz­ ing the work involved, the time required and the cost estimated, completion date, and method of payment before you actually accept the work. 3. The restorer must guarantee the effectiveness of the mechanism if a full restoration of the watch or clock has been done. If only partial work has been done, RADIO CONTROLLED QUARTZ CLOCK MOVEMENT AND KITS then the quality of the work done must be assured. To Imagine!! A clock movement accurate to less than guard against future disputes, a detailed record of the one second in ONE MILLION YEARS!! With quartz work done should be provided to the owner and a copy accuracy, the movement picks up the time signal from the National Institute of Standards and Time in retained by the restorer. Faults not attended to must Boulder, Colorado (WWVB) and indicates the time be noted, along with the reasons why certain work accordingly. In addition, it takes the time zones into was not performed. The length of guarantee should be account and resets itself automatically for Daylight Savings Time! Movement measures 3 1/2" x 2 1/4" made clear and in writing. with a choice of 2 hand shaft lengths. Uses one AA 4. The restorer's tenns of trade should be made clear in battery (not included) and comes complete with his estimate; and full payment should be required when mounting hardware. 11/16" total hand shaft length, 3/8" thickness for dial the timepiece is picked up or delivered. and mounting surface. Keep in mind that the fee should take into account 812188 ...... $31.95 ea. time and labor, the cost of materials and wastage, nov­ 7/16" total hand shaft length, 3/16" thickness for dial and mounting surface. elty and difficulty of problems, added insurance 812188A ...... $31.95 ea. needed, research time used, as well as the usual shop PLEASE NOTE: The time signal for the entire US is overhead required to do business. transmitted from Colorado so it may be a little weak 5. The restorer should keep detailed records of the name, in some areas as well as inside metal buildings. address and phone number of the owner; a full de­ However, as of October 1997, the signal strength will be 4 times stronger for better reception. Please scription of the watch or clock with accessories left read the complete instruction manual carefully and the work required; the kind and extent of work before starting the movement. authorized by the client. A work diary should include RADIO CONTROLLED CLOCK KITS the methods and materials used; measurements, train Now a complete kit to make your own Radio Controlled Clock. Kit contains a round black plastic counts, photographs; time expended; research done case with plastic lens, dial, the above movement, and data discovered; sketches made and notes of any hands, and the mounting hardware. Kits are avail­ numbers, stamps, hallmarks, and scratch marks or able in two sizes. 10 3/4" case with 8 3/4" dial having 7 3/8"time track. names found. 812188B--10 3/4" complete kit ...... $49.95 kit 6. During restoration there is often the need or at least 812188C--8 3/4" dial only ...... $5.50 ea. the desire to carry out some research into the 13 1/2" case with 11 3/4" dial having a 9 9/16" time track. timepiece's history. A conscientious restorer will keep 812188D--13 1/2" complete kit ...... $52.50 kit a reference library at hand and make constant use of 812188E--11 3/4" dial only ...... $6.50 ea. it. He will also keep at hand a list of specialist librar­ ies and individual specialists with whom he might consult. Many times research is needed to learn the style of parts used in certain periods, as well as techniques used to make them, and even the way some unusual mechanism may have functioned and needs to be set up. 3223 YANCEYVILLE ST., P.O.BOX 21208 GREENSBORO, N.C.27420,USA Principles and Objectives Used in Restoration and PHONE:(910) 621-1936 Conservation FAX: 1-800-537-4513 E-MAIL: [email protected] When a restorer or conservator carries out work on a HOME PAGE: http://www.slarose.com clock which is or may become an antique of significance JULY 1997 11 or value, there are a number of principles and objectives replaced by anchor escapements, and original handmade that should guide him is his work: platform escapements were replaced by far more accurate factory-made platforms. Often the replacement work was 1. Principle of Significance poor and the result was inferior to the craftsmanship of The object has already outlived a number of its previ­ the original, but in most cases the timekeeping was ous owners and is expected to outlive many more. improved. It is the restorer's responsibility to make a value judg­ 2. Objective of Preservation ment as to whether such historical improvements should The purest objective of the restorer or conservator be retained or the mechanism reconverted back to its original. should always be to preserve as nearly as possible the origi­ nal character of the object and the physical evidence of 7. Marriages the work of its maker. Marriages of clock elements refers to the bringing to­ gether of non-original parts which, at some point in their 3. Principle of Reversibility history, have become separated from their original part­ This is a universal principle that a craftsman should ners. We're all familiar with finding movements without always try to observe. It means that whenever possible, cases, cases without movements, missing or non-original the treatment that he applies to a mechanism in the form dials and hands, and weights and pendulums of doubtful of an adjustment, repair, modification or replacement, origin and design. should be done in a way that the object can be put back When a restorer encounters an obvious marriage, he into its previous state. has the responsibility of telling the owner of the marriage, The reason for this is not so much that the treatment and then of deciding if anything is so inappropriate that it will someday be reversed, but more importantly to insure ought to be replaced. Hands of too long or too short a that the treatment done will not alter or detract from the length should be replaced with ones of suitable length and rest of the mechanism. style, but hands of a different style than the original can remain if they look alright aesthetically. A pendulum bob 4. Principle ofAlteration of offensive design should be replaced with something Closely related to the Principle of Reversibility is a close to original, but if it looks OK, don't change it. A dial principle that we'll call "Alteration." Simply stated, if you that does not physically fit the case should be replaced must alter a part to fit, alter the new part (the replacement with one that does fit, but not to the extent of replacing it part) and not it's original mating part. with an original, because you might be accused of trying to improve the value of the timepiece through deceit, mak­ 5. Replacement of Components ing it look to the casual observer or buyer that he is get­ When a part is so damaged or worn that it must be ting something more than what he is. replaced, its appearance should not be spoiled by an obvi­ ous difference in the character or craftsmanship of the origi­ Those Who Live After nal. The new part should be as nearly as possible of the The above principles and objectives all boil down to same shape and size as the original, and may include or­ the following philosophy. A skilled watch- or clockmaker, namentation and graver marks. It is not necessary to match making his living as a restorer, cannot be ruled by extreme exactly, in color or material. In fact it is considered inap­ conservationist principles, but these principles should propriate for the replacement to be indistinguishable from never be far from his mind: the original. Also it is wrong to give it the appearance of 1. He should always remember to do as little as pos­ age because this in itself would be considered faking. If sible to change or deface that which the original the part is large enough, it is good practice to mark it with maker created. the date. 2. He should not do anything to a watch or clock to Parts that have been replaced should be bagged, la­ deceive or defraud the owner or others who might beled, and returned to the owner who should be encour­ come in contact with the timepiece in the future. aged to save these replaced parts. ~

6. Principle of Conversion Watches and clocks with a long history have performed their task of timekeeping through many changes in the science and technology of the craft and in their day were considered strictly functional objects, and in many cases were improved with technology. Folliots on existing clocks were replaced with pendulums, verge escapements were 12 HOROLOGICAL TIMES 1997 ELECTION RESULTS AWI Board of Directors

The tabulation of ballots in AWI' s 1997 election for Board of Directors has resulted in the following candidates being elected to serve three-year terms: M.R. "Buddy" Carpenter, Tarboro, NC; Joseph L. Cerullo, Cranford, NJ; Ron DeCorte, Toledo, OH; Wes Door, Kennewick, WA; and Sue Ann Wysong, Austin, TX. AWi members voting in the 1997 election rejected the proposed amendments to the AWi Constitution. Thanks to all the members who voted in this year's election! Our thanks also go out to the candidates for allowing their names to be placed in nomination.

M.R. "Buddy" Joseph L. Cerullo Ron DeCorte Wes Door Sue Ann Wysong Carpenter Cranford, NJ Toledo, OH Kennewick, WA Austin, TX Tarboro, NC

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JULY1997 13 turn the end making a step (see Figure 4, Point a). This can be done in a watchmakers lathe using a turning PICKLE graver or file or by chucking it in the handpiece of the flex shaft tool. A file can be used to make it fit the hole. When this is done it can be fitted to one end for hard soldering. Use a third hand tool to hold the rod in place while holding the work in heavy-duty tweezers, BARREL weighted down. You can also use a double third hand tool with one clamp holding the work and the other the rod. I usually hold the rod in my hand while soldering. POCKET WATCH This comes with experience and practice and is much quicker as it saves the time needed to set up the job. PENDANT REPAIR Either way it is done, the rod and work must make metal­ to-metal contact or, when heat is applied, the solder is apt to flow to one side or the other. In the soldering PART 1 operation, the case can be dipped in boric acid and al­ cohol solution, then ignited and the alcohol burned off, By Marshall F. Richmond, CMW leaving an antioxidizing coating on the case so it won't tarnish from the heat surrounding the fluxed area. Flux the area for the solder to flow, place a chip of solder on Pocket watch case repair that requires the use of top of the place where the rod meets the pendant-end, heat for hard soldering seems to be considered a diffi­ and apply heat. cult repair for many watchmakers repairing pocket watches and worn pendants, especially where the fit of STEP 4-Ignite the torch, adjust the flame, and apply the bow-ends requires adding metal to the ends of the it to the area to be soldered. Be careful not to allow the pendant. This can be done by silver and gold soldering. heat to get to where the pendant joins the case because Many watchmakers are not experienced in jewelry re­ the pendant is soldered to the case and if too much heat pair so they do not know how to make these repairs. reaches it, there could be separation from the case. Others who are familiar with the use of the torch just While applying the heat, make sure the chip of solder need a little practice on old discarded cases, some in­ flows completely around the rod and pendant end. Be struction, and self-confidence. Self-confidence can be careful not to boil the solder which can leave the joint developed by practice and experimentation. I have made pitted and weak. (See Figures 5 and 6.) Note in Figure many of these repairs. Following is a step-by-step ex­ 5 that the flame being played is not on the cone close to planation of one method of repairing these ends and the torch tip, which is the hottest part of the flame. (The installing a new bow. tip is also an oxidizing part of the flame. The outer flame is a reducing flame.) This will give a better solder joint STEP I-Remove the watch from the case. Remove and be less apt to pull the solder to one side or the other the crown by screwing it off the stem. Next, remove of the joint. Figure 6 shows the completed hard solder the stem and sleeve with a sleeve wrench and remove joint ready to cut off. Note: the rod is long enough to the bow if not already removed. Clean the case, espe­ easily hold it in place with the third hand tool so the cially around and in the pendant, making sure all grease heat can be concentrated where needed, or it can be held is removed. by hand.

STEP 2-File the ends to remove the worn holes for STEP 5-Figure 6 shows the solder joint and can be the bow to fit in and center punch the center of each observed to see if the solder has flowed completely end so a shallow hole can be drilled. Figure 1, Point a around and through the joint, making a solid-appearing shows the point of automatic center punch Point "b." connection. With a jeweler's saw (Figure 7), the rod The automatic center punch can be used with one hand, can be cut off leaving a solid end to be drilled and leaving the other free to hold the work. Next, the shal­ shaped. At this point make certain that this side of the low hole can be drilled on each end using the flex shaft pendant needs no more heat, then prepare the other end tool. (See Figures 2 and 3.) Figure 3 shows the the same as this one. handpiece and drill positioned to make the shallow holes. STEP 6-When the other end is prepared, and the rod end shaped, set up, and hard soldered then cut off with STEP 3-With a piece of rod the diameter of the ends, the jeweler's saw the same as the other. The next step 14 HOROLOGICAL TIMES Figure 4.

Figure 8.

Figure 1.

Figure 5.

Figure 2. Figure 9.

Figure 6.

Figure 10.

Figure 3. Figure 7. Figure 11. JULY 1997 15 can be to drill these ends for the bow to seat in. Choose down in the wind position and smoothly wind the watch. a bow to replace the old worn one and measure for the Sometimes the sleeve needs adjustment in depthing if drill size, the diameter of the ends where they will at­ it is not returned to its exact original position. tach to the pendant (Figure 8, Point a). Chuck the drill in the flex shaft handpiece and prepare the ends by fil­ Materials Needed for Different Color and Quality Cases ing them so each side protrudes the same from the cen­ The old pocket watch cases were hunting cases, ter. Then using the automatic center punch (Figure 1, open faced and made of different metals. The metals point b ), mark each end by depressing it. With the drill used were karat gold, gold-filled, sterling silver, coin chucked in the flex shaft handpiece, drill both ends to a silver, nickel silver, and base metal. The karat gold were depth that will allow the ends of the bow to be flush usually 14K or lOK solid gold. Gold-filled cases were with the pendant (see Figure 3). usually marked as 25-year, 20-year, and 10-year. Also, some were marked rolled gold plate which most likely STEP 7-Shaping the ends can be done in one of sev­ was the 10-year case, with the 20-year and 25-year cases eral ways. Figure 9, Point a shows shaping with a bar­ being gold filled. The 25-year case had a thicker amount rette needle file which has a filing edge on one side. of gold. This will only file on that side and not on the edges, so In repairing the pendant of the karat gold case, it is it will not make file marks where unwanted. The ends best to use karat gold and gold solder. If heavy enough can be shaped in a taper with the edge around the hole round wire is available, it can be applied as explained, wide enough so that the hole is about one-half the size but if not, an alternate method will work and leave the of the end. Figure 10, Point a shows the finished re­ ends of the pendant karat gold. paired pendant and Figure 10, Point b shows the bow Take a piece of karat gold (like a piece cut from a before being installed. The pendant chosen for this re­ karat gold ring when sizing smaller), lay it on the bench pair is called a symmetrical bow because it tapers down heat pad or ceramic block and flux it. Apply heat until to the ends but the very end is larger with a step. The it melts, forming a round sphere. Place a chip of gold other two common bows are plain round and plain oval. solder on it after fluxing, and again apply enough heat The one chosen for this case was the symmetrical be­ to melt and flow the solder around the sphere which cause it was like the original. In doing this type of re­ will make it a little larger. Position the case with the pair it is well to make it as nearly like the original as pendant on the right or left side with the drilled depres­ possible; in fact, on all antique watches pride of work­ sion up, flux it and the sphere in the depression, and manship calls for restoration if at all possible. apply heat. The solder will flow to the pendant-end and then it can be filed and shaped. When both ends have STEP 8-Before installing the bow, the shaping that been brought this far, the ends are drilled for the bow was done with the needle file is ready for polishing. using the same instructions as previously given. A solid Other ways of shaping are numerous as there are all silver case can be repaired either way. shapes of burs and abrasive discs, and wheels small Gold-filled cases are usually gold filled or plated enough and mounted on small mandrels that can be used over a base metal of either brass or nickel silver. Nickel in the flex shaft tool. These can be used to shape or to silver, German silver, silveroid, or silverode contain no remove file marks made with the file. After removing silver but are an alloy of copper, zinc, and nickel. Any all the file and scratch marks with these small rotary of these metals can be soldered with gold or silver sol­ tools, the repaired pendant can then be polished on the der using any good flux. To make repairs on any of these polishing motor using wheel brushes, felt discs and cases, the metal used to add to the ends of the pendant wheels, then cotton or muslin buff wheels starting with can be nickel silver for white metals or brass for yel­ tripoli (course abrasive), and final finishing with jew­ low metals. These metals will polish out pretty well to elers rouge (or other fine abrasive). The entire case match the metal in the pendant. They will be more du­ should be polished and cleaned. It can be cleaned in the rable than karat gold or silver because they are harder ultrasonic tank or hand brushed with jewelry cleaner, and, as the pendant and bow move with constant wear, then heat dried. will last longer. Most of these repairs today are on antique watches STEP 9-The final step is to install the bow and tighten that are keepsakes or collectors' pieces. They will prob­ it with bow pliers. The stem and sleeve can now be in­ ably never be subjected to hard wear, so the finished stalled using the sleeve wrench. If before removing the job should be as close to the original as possible. sleeve, the depth was observed, the sleeve should be The next article will be a step-by-step instruction on threaded down to an equal depth. When the crown and the repair of hinges on pocket watch case hinged lids. 'e movement are installed, the stem should snap out into the set position and move the hands, then snap back 16 HOROLOGICAL TIMES Each local chapter has an immense ideas to the management of the central AFFILIATE responsibility to maintain its own mem­ office for their use on a national basis. bership and to provide them with ser­ We have many chapters publishing very vices that make membership in the lo­ good quality local newsletters for their CHAPTER cal a good bargain. If this is not done, membership. Other chapters feature there is no sense to holding membership workshops throughout the year. Another COLUMN in that group. Every chapter must sell chapter has several members who pro­ itself and our active chapters have done vide lessons in clock and watch repair a good job. They have maintained mem­ for both members and nonmembers. By Jack Kurdzionak bership levels and membership interest Many chapters have an annual conven­ through some difficult times. Recent tion to bring all of their members to­ AWi's Incubator articles in periodicals have frequently la­ gether for a weekend of learning and Every organization needs an incu­ mented the passing of many fraternal social activity. Another chapter has bator. That is the place where ideas are and business organizations. In the face of worked very hard to quickly bring young allowed to grow and be nurtured until that, our local chapters have not only main­ leaders to a position of responsibility in they are mature enough to be useful to tained their membership, but have grown. the chapter. These folks, guided by more the organization. AWI's incubator is the They must be doing something right. experienced members, will be group of Affiliate Chapters. There are During my term as Affiliate Chap­ tomorrow's leaders. They will not only approximately forty of those in number ter Chairman, I quickly learned that I lead their chapters, but some of them will but their importance is far greater than don't have the wherewithal to solve the be leading AWI. The chapters must and it appears on paper. problems facing each chapter. What the will continue to function as the incuba­ These chapters are the fundamen­ chairman does have is the capacity to tor for AWI. The good ideas that are tal building blocks of AWI. Their mem­ coordinate the ideas of the many chap­ locally formulated and nurtured will be bers constitute the ground roots of the ters and share them with each other. He brought to AWI by the Affiliate Chapter organization. This is where AWI touches also has a responsibility to bring those group for the benefit of all. ~ its membership. Each chapter has the right to a seat atAWI's annual business meeting. These chapters are the line of communication between the local mem­ bership and the headquarters organiza­ tion. Each local chapter is one person removed from the central organization. If a chapter has a representative at the annual meeting each year, every mem­ ber of that chapter has a direct contact with someone known to them and AWI. This is fundamental to the governance of AWI. The chapters have direct input into its operation. The local chapters have a more im­ portant role that is often overlooked. They are the place where ideas are for­ mulated, developed, and put into action on a local basis. They incubate ideas. When AWI utilizes one of these locally developed ideas, AWI may modify that idea to suit a national need, but the ideas began somewhere in a local chapter. No matter how good the management and staff of a central organization might be, the small local chapter of the organiza­ tion is where things begin. The manage­ ment of the central group can implement these ideas but the local group is where they begin and develop. JULY1997 17 With the availability of replacement materials for cur­ rent popular watches, the younger watchmaker may be­ REPAIRING come neglectful of the skills needed to make repairs to watches for which materials and replacement parts are unavailable. MECHANICAL Figure 1 shows two types of anchorages for the main­ spring. The upper figure shows a hook type and is used to fasten either a hole-end or tongue-end mainspring. Such a WATCHES & hook is either milled out of the barrel blank at the time of manufacture or it may be a separate piece, threaded or riveted in place. The arrow in the lower illustration points out the most common type of mainspring anchorage for a tongue­ CLOCKS end (Swiss) mainspring. This type is milled out of the thick­ ened barrel wall and is undercut around its lower edge. Occasionally, these will either wear off and in the case COMPLETE SERIES A of the hook, it may tear off due to a faulty mainspring OF BENCH PRACTICES endpiece or frequent mainspring slippage. Attempts to re­ pair these will often result in damage to the barrel itself. REPLACING A BARREL HOOK Therefore, it is better to provide a new hook. If the hook to be replaced is for a hole-end mainspring, By Henry B. Fried, the replacement must be fitted so that the new hook will CMW, CMC, FAWI, FBHI, *FNAWCC align with the mainspring's hole. Should the anchorage © 1997 (All rights reserved by the author) for a tongue-end spring become worn, a new anchorage may be provided by fitting to it a hook as shown in Figure 1. The new hook should be fashioned from a brass taper pin, threaded and fitted through a hole drilled and tapped through the barrel wall. Since the barrel wall is generally very thin, there is not too much support for the threaded pin. Therefore, the hole should be drilled diagonally through this wall. Figure 2 shows two holes, one drilled radially and the other diagonally. Notice that the diago­ nally drilled hole will provide a greater threading surface than the radial hole. Also because of its angle of inclina­ tion, it offers a stronger brace for the mainspring as well. To drill the hole, the blade of a small jewel-screw­ driver is removed and replaced with a pivot drill of the desired size as shown in Figure 3. With this tool, the be­ ginning of the hole on the curved wall of the barrel can be Figure 1. (Top) A hook is used to brace either a tongue­ easily spotted and drilled. The spot where the hole is drilled end or a hole-end mainspring; (bottom) a tongue-end brace on the barrel wall is important. This hole should be made is milled out of the barrel wall. at a point midway from the bottom of the inside of the barrel and the cover-ledge of the wall. To judge this dis­ tance from the outside of the barrel is difficult as the bar­ rel teeth require considerable height and can easily de­ ceive the eye. To start the diagonal hole, the drill must first be pointed towards the center of the barrel and turned until the width of the countersink made by the drill-point is equal to the diameter of the drill as shown in Figure 4. Then, the direction of the drill is shifted to form the di­ agonal hole. If the spring develops counterclockwise (from the endpiece towards the center) as in most barrels, the hole should be drilled in a clockwise direction, shown in Figure 5. Figure 2. More threading surface is obtained by drilling a Some watchmakers thread (tap) the hole in the barrel hole diagonally through barrel wall. after it is drilled but this is not always necessary as the 18 HOROLOGICAL TIMES threaded taper pin itself will do that as it is twisted through the hole. Furthermore, since the hole size increases as the threaded taper is forced in, the initial threading of such a hole is useless. Also, as the threaded taper forces itself in more deeply, the tighter it will become in the hole, creat­ ing the necessary threads. The hook is made from a hardened brass-pin which is filed to a very gradual taper, after which it is threaded along a section of its length which will be fitted to the barrel. The thick end of the pin must be sufficiently thick to per­ mit filing and shaping for the hook. Threading a taper-pin is easily accomplished by placing the taper-pin through a Figure 3. Pivot drill inserted into a jewel screwdriver screwplate hole and threading it as far as it will go as shown makes an efficient hand-operated tool to drill the hole in in Figure 6. It is then withdrawn and threaded through the the barrel. next larger hole, repeating the first threading operation and so on until the threading operation is completed. Most screwplates have graduated holes in half sizes, making the taper-thread a very gradual one. The finished taper pin, threaded, should look like that in Figure 7. The front tip of this pin is left unthreaded so that it can be grasped in a pinvise. Some watchmakers prefer to thread the taper pin into the barrel hole from the outside, claiming that the pull of the mainspring will tighten the taper-threaded hook in­ stead of the possibility of loosening it. However, the bet­ ter watchmaker reasons that the greater danger to the hook Figure 4. Before a diagonal hole can be drilled into the becoming loose is when the mainspring breaks. In such a barrel, a countersink in a radial direction must be made.

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JULY1997• 19 case, if the taper is thicker on the inside, a violent surge of (released) power occurs during breakage and would not eject the hook. The pull of the mainspring compared to this is rather weak and the greatest strain takes place only when the spring is fully wound. With the hook-plug fac­ ing diagonally, this strain is greatly relieved. For these reasons, the taper is inserted from the inside of the barrel outward. After the threaded taper is inserted and its thin end is pointing outward, this section is grasped in a pinvise as shown in Figure 8. Using this taper as a tap, twist it in and Figure 5. After the countersink is cut, the drill's direction out until it is felt by the fingers holding the pinvise that is shifted and the hole drilled through. the taper has been threaded as far as it can go without twisting and breaking off. It should be noted where the thick end of the taper should be cut off to serve as the hook. This is done by running the tweezer across the ex­ cess threads, scratching them. This also serves in locating which is the top of the taper so that when the hook is fash­ ioned, it will point in the correct direction when re-inserted. This is shown in Figure 9. The hook will then assume a position shown by the dotted line of Figure 10. If the hook is to be used for a hole-end spring, it will have to be shaped to fit the hole and should look like that in Figure 11. The amount that the hook protrudes from the barrel wall should not exceed twice the thickness of one coil of the mainspring. Should the hook protrude too far, it may kink the second coil when the spring is unwound. However, it should also be long enough to provide a grip for the endpiece. If the hook is to provide a brace for a tongue-end spring, the hook need have no special shape other than being slightly undercut to provide a positive anchorage Figure 6. Taper pin, held in a pinvise, is threaded through succes­ for the tongue-end brace. sively larger holes in a screwplate to obtain a tapered thread. In this When the taper is re-inserted after shaping its hook, it threading operation, alternate between the two rows ofscrewplate must be turned in tight with the hook facing in the correct holes, proceeding from threading hole to tapping hole, etc. direction needed to catch the spring. The taper outside of the barrel is then cut off close to the outside of the barrel (J:li1mmnimmJ1 wall as shown in Figure 12. To trim this further, a file with a safe edge is used so as not to harm the barrel teeth. Figure 7. Thread the taper pin only slightly more than nec­ This should not be filed flush with the barrel wall, but essary, to appear as shown when finished. rather, a little bit should be allowed to remain. This excess is then burnished over with a fine file whose cutting effi­ ciency is a bit worn. Such a file will only remove some of the excess metal and will burnish over the remaining metal so that it is flush with the barrel wall. The burnished metal will fill up the countersink made by the drill when it started the hole radially. This will secure the hook from both sides of the barrel wall as illustrated in Figure 13. The spring is then replaced with a mainspring winder and tested. It should be pointed out that the outside of the barrel wall must present a smooth surface and the bur­ nished-over pin must follow the round shape of the barrel. Otherwise, if the outside of the taper is permitted to ap­ Figure 8. Insert threaded taper through the inside of the barrel. pear as a bump, this will stop the watch when it comes Grasp the thin end in a pinvise and twist outward until tight. into the pitch-path of the center pinion. 'i 20 HOROLOGICAL TIMES WATERPROOF TESTER Test watches under normal conditions of wear without ontroducing water into the case. This Figure 9. Scratching the threaded portion inside the bar­ easy to use apparatus will be at hand whenever rel indicates the point on the taper where the hook must the watchmaker needs to the check the water be shaped. resistance of a watch case. Has capacity for two watches and an air pressure system that tests up to 3 ATM (safe up to 6 ATM).

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Figure 10. To obtain a secure brace for the mainspring, file the hook (in direction shown by the dotted line).

Figure 11. If hook is for a hole-end spring, it must be es­ pecially shaped to fit the hole in the mainspring's end. JULY 1997 21 When the hook in a barrel arbor is worn, it most often can be dressed up with a triangular or a sharp-edged needle file. Sometimes the hook is worn so much that it is im­ possible to shape up the hook from the metal around the arbor. The circumference of barrel arbors are usually shaped in a partial spiral so that the contour of the wound spring may be coiled around the arbor, following its natu­ ral spiral without kinking or marring the spring. There­ fore, to file the arbor excessively to form a new hook would Figure 12. After taper is inserted and tightened securely, cause spring breakage as well as providing a poor hook at cut off excess (not too close to the barrel wall). best. Replacing a new hook is done by filing off the old one and drilling a hole diagonally as shown in Figure 14. Most barrel arbors are quite hard and it may be necessary to draw the temper from it in order to be able to drill into the metal. Since a barrel arbor has more polished bearing sur­ faces than any other part of the watch, these polished sur­ faces must not be burnt by heating the arbor over a direct flame. It can be sufficiently annealed without losing its color by placing it in a pan of fine brass filings and by covering it with the filings so that its surface will not be­ come oxidized during the heating process. To observe the correct annealing color, a polished ratchet wheel screw is pressed into the surface of the filings so that its polished head is exposed. The pan is then heated until the polished Figure 13. By burnishing excess with worn file counter­ screwhead turns to a deep blue, which will indicate that sink is filled, offering greater security for the hook. the buried arbor has reached the same heat. The pan is then removed from the flame and the arbor taken out. The original polish of the arbor will not be affected. The di­ agonal hole is drilled with a drill whose thickness is just a bit smaller than the rim-edge of the arbor. The hole in the arbor should be threaded before thread­ ing in the screw which will become the hook. This is best done by threading a long screw and filing off its front end to a tri-cornered taper, the making of which has been pre­ viously described in the article concerning screws. The tapered screw-top is then made to tap the hole in the barrel arbor, using oil to facilitate the process. When the hole is threaded, the tapered end of the screw is filed Figure 14. After annealing barrel arbor, drill diagonal hole away and the rear part of this screw is threaded into the into its hub. hole until it becomes tight, as shown in Figure 15. After the screw is absolutely secure, the hook is shaped as shown in Figure 16. Here it will be seen that the length of the hook reaches up to the dotted lines representing the true (circular) diameter of the barrel arbor. Notice also that if the hook has been drilled and threaded diagonally, the angle will be sufficient to grasp the spring securely. The width of the hook is filed so that it will fit loosely into the hole in the inner coil of the mainspring as shown in Figure 17. It is very important that this hook should not be left too long as it will kink the coil coming into contact with this hook and every other coil over it. As shown in Figure 15. After hole is threaded, turn plug screw tightly Figure 18, this will give a very inferior performance and into hole. soon cause the mainspring to break.. 'i

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JULY 1997 23 tute for a screw in a woman's or man's literature many years ago. After clean­ FROM THE watch bracelet. When the correct ing the cap and hole jewels, place the original equipment screw or a suitable cap jewel on the bench with the flat replacement screw is not available, I surface up. Carefully place a drop of WORKSHOP go right to that box of old stems. I can oil in the center of the cap jewel's flat usually find one in a minute or less side so as not to cover more than half By Jack Kurdzionak that, when held in a pin vise, will of the diameter with the oil drop. Then screw right into the bracelet. When it carefully, with the tweezers, place the has been screwed in to my satisfac­ hole jewel and its setting upon the cap New Life for an Old Stem tion, I finish off both ends of the stem jewel so that they are held together as I have a large box of old, mixed for appearance and the bracelet is ser­ they would be in the watch. The ad­ Swiss winding stems in the shop that viceable again. This is an excellent hesion in the oil drop supplies enough I have been saving for years. When I way to repair those low cost, fashion force to hold them together. Inspect say large, I mean it contains many watch bracelets, for which no genu­ the two jewels you have adhered to­ thousands of unidentifiable stems. ine materials are available. gether with the oil to be ce1tain the oil Many times I wanted to toss them out, Jack Kurdzionak drop is of the size and quality recom­ but some little voice inside kept say­ mended by the manufacturer. Then ing to me, "save them." The little voice Oiling Incabloc Balance Jewels place the two jewels in the watch and has won and finally I have discovered Inserting oil through the pivot secure with the incabloc spring. This a use for them. Of course I have never hole of an Incabloc jewel setting with method is useful for many other types been able to fit one to a watch to use a dip type oiler is nearly impossible. of shock resistant settings found in as a winding stem. That would be It can be done with a hollow needle today's watches. nearly impossible. A better use that I capillary oiler, but if one of these is Jack Kurdzionak have found is for watch bracelet re­ not available, there is another way. pairs. The threaded portion of those The manufacturer of these jewels rec­ Waltham Mainsprings old stems makes an excellent substi- ommended this method in their Many watchmakers have been

THE SIZE OF AN EVEREADY® ENERGIZER® WATCH BATTERY MAY BE SMALL, BUT IT TAKES STATE-OF-THE-ART TECHNOLOGY TO CREATE. OUR ENGINEERS USE THE COMPUTER TO IMPROVE OUR frustrated with the hole end main­ fine and the transverse line of the bend from steel and they should be pro­ springs because they are not self hook­ must be at the outer end of the hole in tected from the chemical remover by ing in the Waltham's steel safety bar­ the mainspring. This being done, wind coating them with wax. After remov­ rel. The modern white alloy main­ the spring into the barrel about two ing all of the steel from the plate, soak spring that is supplied for these turns and then tum the barrel until the the plate in white vinegar for a day or watches, just will not attach itself to spring hole attaches firmly to the hook two. The steel screw that you wish to barrel hook when pushed out of the in the barrel. You will feel it attach. remove will just be dissolved away ring supplied by the mainspring fac­ Then continue winding the spring into with no discoloration of the plate. The tory. The old literature frequently the barrel. This will work almost steel is attacked very siowly by the mentions filing of the mainspring end 100% of the time. When it does not w!1ite vinegar that you can purchase to make the hook a little sharper, but work, you might have to try it a sec­ in the salad dressing aisle of the gro­ this is usually unnecessary if you just ond time or file the edge of the hole cery store for about $2 per gallon. The reshape the end of the mainspring slightly to present a knife edge to the steel turns to a black powder that is slightly. Before you try to bend one hook. then just washed out of the watch of the white alloy mainsprings, heat Jack Kurdzionak plate. H is a good idea to neutralize the end of the spring with a match until the vinegar by rinsing the watch plate the end is red hot. It usually takes only Not Just for Salad Aymore in a solution of baking soda and wa­ one paper match to do the job. Do not Do you need to remove a piece of ter before drying and cleaning with the attempt to bend one of these springs steel from a watch plate? We have all rest of the watch parts. This is a very without annealing the end, otherwise seen broken screws seized in a watch gentle method of steel removal which you will ha\'.e a two-piece spring. plate or a screw in a blind hole such is perfectly safe for both the watch and Only four or five millimeters of as a dial leg screw that cannot be re­ the watchmaker. No heat is needed, the end of the spring must be annealed. moved. Remove al! steel parts from just a little patience while the vinegar Then bend the end of the spring the watch plate that you do not want does its job. slightly inward toward the center of to chemicaliy remove. Be aware that Jack Kurdzionak the coiled spring. A 20° bend will be some minute wheel posts are made

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By James E. Lubic

The Accutron Class (left to right): At the time of this writing we Chris Gurule, Phil Stoller, Nestor Carol Tillet troubleshoots a watch are getting ready for exam week Hincapie, Will Overturf, Instructor during the Advanced Quartz Watch at the Academy of Watchmaking. Henry Frystak, and Tracy Petrocy. Not Repair course. All seven students will graduate pictured: Chip Lim, Vince Dillon, and June 13 with the title of Certified Bill Pleiman. Watchmaker (if all goes well). We are also preparing for the Academy's Class of '98. We have offered partial scholarships to eight qualified perspective stu­ dents in order to attend the upcom­ ing course that starts this summer on July 14. Be sure to consult the sched­ Advanced Quartz Watch Repair class ule on the back cover of this maga­ (left to right): Phil Stoller, Vince zine for Bench Courses near you, Dillon, Will Overturf, Nestor Bob Bishop (Instructor) points Will as well as Project Extend Courses. Hincapie, Chris Gurule, Bill Pleiman, Overturf in the right direction. If you have any questions about Eric Lincke, Chip Lim, Carol Tillet, AWi's educational programs or and Instructor Bob Bishop. certification, please contact AWi Headquarters. Below are some pictures from recent Academy/Project Extend courses. ~

Accutron student-Tracy Petrocy.

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26 HOROLOGICAL TIMES Since the center wheel turns 192 revolutions in 8 days, to A PRACTICAL calculate the revolutions of the barrel in that period: 192 = 4.8 turns COURSE IN 39.6 Therefore we can conclude that winding the time train main­ spring 4.8 turns will cause the clock to run for 8 days, 2.4 turns for CLOCK REPAIR 4 days, 0.6 turns for 1 day, etc.

Strike Train In the strike train the logical point to start the count is at the UNIT 3 star wheel, which is attached to the third arbor and has 9 points. With this arrangement, we can conclude that this wheel makes 1 CALULATING THE TIME revolution every time the clock strikes nine. Each 24 hours the clock strikes 156 times and 1,248 times in 8 days. This means BETWEEN WINDINGS that the third wheel will tum 138.7 times in an 8-day period:

By John P. Kenyon, CMC 1248 = 138.7 turns 9 Information determined by calculation of the time between windings is useful in the computation of several possible unknown Referring to our train count in Figure 1b, the first wheel with values that occur from time to time at the bench. An analytical 72 teeth drives the second pinion of 10 leaves. This means that approach to this kind of puzzling information will eliminate frus­ the second wheel on the second arbor will turn 7 .2 times for each tration, save time, and can even be fun. In this lesson, we will tum of the first wheel: compute the number of turns required to wind the trains of an 8- day German chime clock. From this data we can determine how 72 = (X) or 7.2 turns long a gear train will operate for each tum of the barrel, thus for 10 each tum of the key. This procedure will be used as a basis for future calculations. The second wheel with 52 teeth drives the third pinion of 9 leaves. This means that the third wheel, on the third arbor will ThneTrain tum 5.8 times for each tum of the second wheel: In the time train we start the count at the center wheel, since the revolution per hour of one is a known value. We can therefore 52 = (Y) or 5.8 turns conclude that this arbor will tum 24 revolutions in a day, and (8 x 9 24) 192 turns in an 8-day period Referring to our train count in Table la, the first wheel with 72 teeth drives the second pinion of To determine (Z), the number of turns of the third wheel for each 10 leaves. This means that the second wheel, on the second arbor tum of the main wheel: will tum 7 .2 times for each tum of the first wheel: (X) x (Y) =(Z) 72 = (X) or 7 .2 turns 7.2x5.8 =41.8 turns 10 Since the third wheel turns 138.7 revolutions in 8 days, to The second wheel with 55 teeth drives the center pinion of calculate the revolutions of the barrel in that period: 10 leaves. This means that the center wheel, on the center arbor will tum 5.5 times for each tum of the second wheel: 138.7 = 3.3 turns 41.8 55 = (Y) or 5.5 turns 10 Therefore we can conclude that winding the strike train main­ spring 3 .3 turns will cause the clock to run for 8 days, 1. 7 turns for To determine (Z), the number of turns of the center wheel for 4 days, 0.4 turns for 1 day, etc. each tum of the main wheel: Chime Train (X) x (Y) =(Z) In the chime train the logical place to start the count is the 7.2 x 5.5 = 39.6 turns locking plate, which is attached to the third arbor and makes one JULY 1997 27 revolution every hour. Each 24 hours the wheel turns 24 revolu­ tions and it turns 192 times in an 8-day period. Referring to our train count in Figure 1c, the first wheel with 71 teeth drives the second pinion of 12 leaves. 'This means that BERGEON the second wheel, on the second arbor will tum 5.9 times for each tum of the first wheel: Press for multi-uses No. 6745-100 To drive in and out pins, to screw and unscrew watch-bracelets. 71= (X) or 5.9 turns 12

The second wheel with 60 teeth drives the third pinion of 10 leaves. 'This means that the third wheel, on the third arbor will tum 6 times for each tum of the second wheel.

60 = (Y) or 6 turns 10

To determine (Z), the numberoftums of the third wheel for each tum of the main wheel:

(X) x (Y) = (Z) 5.9 x 6 = 35.4 turns

Sold through specialized dealers Since the third wheel turns 192revolutions in 8 days, to cal­ BERG EON & CIE SA - CH-2400 LE LOCLE culate the revolutions of the barrel in that period:

192 = 5.4 turns 35.4 ;.:r. EIE'~ivl:Jl!E: : Rtl.ENIN~EB· :· .ltl'E!~~'§'. . " ~~~ ) ~ l ' ' ' . MOMEMENJl1S FRtDM • . . Therefore we can conclude that winding the chime main­ " " :f?> - " spring 5.4 turns will cause the clock to run for 8 days, 2.7 turns for · "~.Jl~·lictrll!iotrt.111 i'i':Ul:rnls~. ~nc. · -"'~ ~ ~' y " ~ "'"' < ' 4 days, 0.7 turns for 1 day, etc. 0 largest distributor of Hermie movements In the next lesson, I will apply this and other information to 0 distributor of Kieninger movements and parts calculate the length of a missing mainspring. In the meantime, 0 exclusive distributor of Urgos movements you should be getting the information organized in a file which • over 100 models in stock--largest selection in the U.S. you can easily refer to for later computations. TOLL-FREE (800) 258-5418 1715 Pearlview Ct. • Muscatine, IA 52761 Practice Calculations Factory-fresh • Most models bronze brushed Same day shipping, 2-year warranty L Calculate the number of times the first wheel must tum to Call for free price list make a Regulator clock with the following train count run for 1 day and 8 days: Support Arbor Wheel Teeth Pinion Leaves The AWi-ELM TRUST First 120 Center 96 16 SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAM Third 90 12 BY SENDING YOUR OLD Escape 30 12 WATCH BATTERIES TO THE 2. Calculate the number of times the first wheel must tum to AMERICAN WATCHMAKERS make a 30-day mantel clock with the following train count run INSTITUTE and strike for 8 days and 30 days: 701 Enterprise Drive Harrison, Ohio 45030 a.) Time Train

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JULY 1997 29 The watch rate charts that follow show watches that are in good mechanical condition and are ready for the TECHNICALLY final position adjustments. Note: The PR and PL posi­ tions are established when the watch is viewed from the WATCHES dial side of the movement. First Example of Adjusting a Watch to Five Positions Figure 1 shows an example of adjusting a 16-size 21- ANTIQUE WATCH RESTORATION, jewel 992 Hamilton pocket watch to five positions. The first test in five positions shows DU +2 seconds, DD +2 PART CXXXIX seconds, PU +1 second, PR +1 second, and PL -10 sec­ onds. The total variation is 13 seconds between the five ADJUSTING WATCHES TO FIVE AND SIX POSITIONS positions. There is an 11-second difference between PR and PL positions. All of the positions are close except PL. By Archie B. Perkins, CMW, FNAWCC, FBHI This position is slower than the other positions which in­ © 1997 (All rights reserved by the author) dicates that there is some trouble in the watch when it is in this position. All of the conditions that could possibly cause this When adjusting watches to positions, the rate of the error were checked and it was found that the total lock on watch is taken in the positions in which the watch will be the L-stone side of the escapement was excessive caused adjusted, then the rate is analyzed to determine where the by too much slide on this side of the escapement. When rate needs improvement. Next, we should determine all the watch was in the pendant-left position, the pallet fork of the possible causes for the unacceptable rate. Then, was over the L-banking pin which was opened too much. through examination of the watch, we should determine This caused more work for the balance wheel to unlock the exact cause of the unsatisfactory position rate. Ad­ the escapement in this position, thus a slower rate. justments are then made to improve the defective rate. This condition was corrected by closing the L-bank­ When making adjustments to correct a defective rate, ing pin until the total locks were even. After this, the watch the effect of an adjustment will differ each time one is was again rated in the five positions which produced the made even on the same make and model of watch. Much following position rate: DU +4 seconds, DD +4 seconds, depends on the conditions of the other sections of the PU +3 seconds, PR +3 seconds, and PL +2 seconds. This watch. The watch must be in excellent mechanical condi­ gives a total variation of 5 seconds between the five posi­ tion to expect a very close position rate before the final tions. This is a very acceptable rate for this particular adjustments are made to obtain the final position rate. watch.

WATCH RATE CHART

MAKE OF WATCH __ tl_t:\._M.LLT_QN__ DESCRI PTION __99.2. ___ 16s 21J DU +2 +2 +4 +4 DD +2 0 +4 0 PU +1 -I +3 - I PR +1 0 +3 0 PL -10 -I I +2 - I

TOTAL VARIATION __ __l 3 __ __ 5_

Figure I. Figure 2.

30 HOROLOGICAL TIMES Opening and Closing the Banking Arrangement The banking arrangement of the above watch is made up of two eccentric banking screws. Each screw has an off-center banking pin extending from the end of the screw. The pallet fork banks against each pin. The space be­ A tween the two pins is adjusted by turning the banking screws. However, other types of bankings can be found in other watches which are not as easily adjusted as the watches that have banking screws. Figure 2 shows a watch that has two banking pins which are frictioned into the watch plate. The space be­ tween these two pins is adjusted by bending the pins. A round face hollow staking tool punch that fits the banking pin can be used to adjust a banking pin, but a more deli­ cate tool can be made up for this purpose. The banking pin bender that is shown in Figure 2 is made up of a hard­ ened and tempered steel plug which has a hole to fit one size of banking pin. This plug is frictioned into a handle ~ a made from a piece of aluminum knitting needle rod with a diameter of 3.50 mm. This makes a light sensitive tool 0 which allows a sensitive touch when bending a banking 0 pin. A set of three or four of these tools can be made to cover most friction banking pin sizes. Frictioned banking pins should be kept parallel to each other. Banking pins that are not parallel can cause the dial positions to be unequal. Sometimes frictioned banking Figure 3.

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JULY1997 31 pins must be given a bayonet type of bend in order to have WATCH RATE CHART them parallel to each other where the pallet fork hits them. The bayonet bend is gotten by bending the pin next to the MAKE OF WATCH __ JJ. .LlNQLS __ DESCRI PTION_J9_s__ L('.J_ plate in one direction, then making a bend in the opposite direction further out on the pin. This type of bend needs DU +3 +3 +2 +2 to be done only in some rare cases.

DD +2 l-1 +1 -I Solid Banking Arrangement Figure 3, View A shows a solid banking arrangement. PU -10 -12 +2 +1 When this type of banking needs to be adjusted, the nib on the plate that the fork banks against must be sawed so PR 0 +10 0 -2 the nib can be bent for adjustment. (See "a" in View A, Figure 3.) PL 0 0 0 0 Another type of banking is shown in View B, Figure 3. This banking is adjustable. The bankings have been sawed at the factory at points "a," so the nibs "b" can be moved in or out for adjusting the angular motion of the TOTAL VARIATION ____2_2_ --~- pallet fork. Figure 4. Second Example of Adjusting to Five Positions Figure 4 shows an example of adjusting a 16-size 17- jewel Illinois pocket watch to five positions. The first test in five positions produced the following rate: DU +3 sec­ onds, DD +2 seconds, PU -10 seconds, PR 0 seconds, and PL 0 seconds. PU shows the greatest error since this posi­ tion is 12 seconds slower than DD and 13 seconds slower PU than the DU position. The total variation is 22 seconds I I between five positions. When checking the watch over for the possible cause of the slow PU position, it was found that the hairspring was pinned at the collet so the first 180° of the first coil was below the collet when the watch was placed in the PU position. This is shown in Figure 5, View A. To speed up the slow PU rate, some of the inner coil A -- was removed and the hairspring repinned so the first 180°

WATCH RATE CHART

MAKE OF WATCH _____ ~_1-=9_!N_ ___ DESCRI PTION __ L~~-?l-! I PU DU +2 +2 +5 +5 DD +2 0 +5 0 PU 0 -2 +2 -3 PR -10 -10 +2 0 PL 0 +10 +2 0

TOTAL VARIATION -- --~-Q- ----~

Figure 5. Figure 6.

32 HOROLOGICAL TIMES of the inner coil is above the collet when the watch is in the PU position. This is shown in View B, Figure 5. The WATCH RATE CHART broken line shows the hairspring before breaking out part MAKE OF WATCH __~Q.l,JJ:tl __ f3J;J:J_D DESCRI PTION_J!')_s__ ~L-! . of the coil and repinning the hairspring. After this adjustment was made, the watch was too fast. One small pair of timing screws was removed from DU 0 0 +5 +5 the balance wheel and replaced with a larger pair of screws which brought the watch to time. DD 0 0 +5 0 The position rate was taken again which showed the following: DU +2 seconds, DD +1 second, PU +2 sec­ PU 0 0 +2 -3 onds, PR 0 seconds, PL 0 seconds. The total variation was 4 seconds which is an excellent five-position rate. PR -10 -10 +2 0

Third Example of Adjusting to Five Positions PL +10 H-20 +2 0 Figure 6 shows an example of adjusting a 16-size 21- jewel Elgin pocket watch to five positions. The first five­ position test gave the following rate: DU +2 seconds, DD TOTAL VARIATION---30--- 8 + 2 seconds, PU 0 seconds, PR -10 seconds, and PL 0 sec­ onds. In this case, the greatest loss is in the PR position Figure 8. which is 10 seconds. When the watch was placed in the PR position, it was found that the loss was caused by the outside regulator being bent toward the hairspring stud out of alignment with the inside regulator pin. This condi­ tion is shown in Figure 7, View A. When the watch is in a position where the hairspring is resting more solidly against the bent pin, the watch will be slower than when the watch is in the opposite position. View B, Figure 7 shows how bellmetal tweezers are used to straighten and re-align the regulator pins. After the regulator pins were aligned, the rate of the watch was taken in 5 positions. The following rate was gotten: DU +5 seconds, DD +5 seconds, PU +2 seconds, PR +2 sec­ onds, and PL +2 seconds. This gives a total variation of 8 seconds in five positions. Figure 9.

WATCH RATE CHART

A MAKE OF WATCH __l:lAMH,,19J:L DESCRIPTION __~~-~!;! __ COUNTERPOISED COLLET 16s 21J DU +5 +5 0 0 DD -5 -10 0 0 PU +2 +7 +2 +2 PR +3 +1 +3 +I PL -2 -5 -2 -5 PD 0 +2 0 +2

TOTAL VARIATION __ Jl__ _ 7__

Figure 7. Figure 10. JULY 1997 33 Fourth Example of Adjusting to Five Positions The first six-position test produced the following rate: Figure 8 shows an example of adjusting a 16-size 21- DU +5 seconds, DD -5 seconds, PU +2 seconds, PR +3 jewel South Bend pocket watch to five positions. The seconds, PL -2 seconds, and PD 0 seconds. This gave a first five-position rate shows the following: DU 0 sec­ total variation of 17 seconds between the six positions. onds, DD 0 seconds, PU 0 seconds, PR -10 seconds, and The greatest error falls between DU and DD positions. PL + 10 seconds. This leaves a total variation of 30 sec­ The error amounts to 10 seconds between the two positions. onds between the five positions. The error is between the All of the possible causes for this position error were PR and PL positions. This error is +20 seconds. The cause checked out, and it was found that there was a twist in the of this error could be one of the following: balance wheel tongue of the hairspring at the collet which caused the out of poise, hairspring off-center at the collet, body of second coil of the hairspring to be lower than the tongue hairspring off center, or eccentric development of the hair­ and collet hole. This condition is shown in Figure 11, spring, among other causes. It was found that the body of View A. When this type of error is present, the hairspring the hairspring was slightly off-center with the wide spaces exerts a downward pressure on the balance staff causing in a downward direction when the watch was placed in more friction on the lower pivot against its cap jewel. This the PR position as shown in Figure 9. Note: This illustra­ causes a slower rate in this position. tion shows the condition over-exaggerated for this amount When the watch is placed in the opposite dial posi­ of rate error. This made PR slower than PL. When the tion, the hairspring will cause a lifting action on the bal­ watch was placed in the PL position, the watch was faster. ance staff which will reduce the friction on the downward After centering the hairspring and making sure that it pivot and its cap jewel. This produces a faster rate in this breathed concentrically, the five-position rate was again position. Views B and C, Figure 11 show how to correct taken with the following results: DU +5 seconds, DD +5 this hairspring condition. The first coil is lifted with the seconds, PU +2 seconds, PR +2 seconds, and PL +2 sec­ tweezers 90° from the tongue of the hairspring to remove onds. This left a total variation of 8 seconds between five the twist in the tongue. View B shows the hairspring after positions. This is an acceptable five-position variation. the twist has been removed and the first coil of the hair­ spring leveled with the collet. Next, the body of the hair­ Fifth Example of Adjusting Watches to Positions spring is leveled with the tongue by lifting up on the first Figure 10 shows an example of adjusting a watch to coil where it is the lowest. View C shows the corrected six positions. This particular watch is a 16-size 21-jewel hairspring. Hamilton 992B railroad watch. This watch is capable of After the hairspring was trued to the collet, the watch being adjusted to six positions because it has a counter­ had the following rate: DU 0 seconds, DD 0 seconds, PU poised hairspring collet. The counterpoised collet com­ +2 seconds, PR +3 seconds, PL-2 seconds, PD 0 seconds. pensates for the dynamic out-of-poise condition of the This gave a total variation of 7 seconds in six positions spiral hairspring and balance wheel assembly. which is a satisfactory six-position rate.

A WATCH RATE CHART

MAKE OF WATCH __ .WA~TtiAM._ DESCRIPTION_!9~--~l_J_ "LOSSIER INNER TERMINAL" V/1 JGUARn DU +2 +2 +3 +3 B DD +2 0 +3 0 PU +2 0 +2 - 1 PR +s +6 +1 -I c PL -8 -16 -I -2 PD 0 +s 0 +1 •1

TOTAL VARIATION __ __2_4_ __5_

Figure 11. Figure 12. 34 HOROLOGICAL TIMES Sixth Example of Adjusting a Watch to Positions Figure 12 shows an example of adjusting a 16-size 21-jewel Waltham Vanguard pocket watch to six positions. This model has a "LOSSIER INNER TERMINAL" hair­ The Ship's spring which makes the watch capable of being adjusted to six positions. The Lossier Inner Terminal, when cor­ Chronometer rectly shaped, causes the motion of the hairspring around the collet to be concentric. This eliminates any side thrust By Marvin E. Whitney, CMW, CMC, FAWI of the balance staff pivots against their jewel holes. The first position rate taken was as follows: DU +2 First published in 1985, this 1991 revised and seconds, DD +2 seconds, PU +2 seconds, PR +8 seconds, updated edition is a comprehensive treatise on PL -8 seconds, and PD 0 seconds. This gave a total varia­ ship's chronometers. There are 499 pages of tion of 24 seconds. The greatest error was between PR scholarly research, profusely illustrated with and PL positions. It was suspected that there was a bal­ photos, charts, and original easy-to-understand ance poise error present causing this rate difference. The drawings. A must for the practical watchmaker balance wheel was checked and found to be slightly out and for every serious student of these remark­ of poise. After the balance wheel was poised, the rate was able timepieces. Printed on glossy, heavy stock again taken and found to be improved greatly, as is shown. quality paper. Written by Marvin E. Whitney, The position rates are now DU +3 seconds, DD +3 sec­ author of the popular book Military Timepieces. onds, PU +2 seconds, PR +1 second, PL -1 second, and $75.00 PD 0 seconds. This made a total variation of 5 seconds between the six positions which is an excellent six-posi­ tion rate. ~ BIBLIOGRAPHY Military DeCarle, Donald. Practical Watch Adjusting. London: N.A.G. Press, 1964. Timepieces

DeCarle, Donald. Practical Watch Repairing. London: By Marvin E. Whitney, CMW, CMC, FAWI N.A.G. Press, 1946. Marvin Whitney began his extensive research Fritts, Charles Edgar. The WatchAdjuster's Manual. Phila­ for this book in the mid-eighties. He took ad­ delphia, PA: The Keystone Press, 1904. vantage of archives records in Washington, D.C. and travelled extensively in New York, Jendretzki, H. "Watch Adjustment," Swiss Watch and Jew­ Pennsylvania, and New England searching out elry Journal. Lausanne, Switzerland, 1963. little-known facts. In 1986 Mr. Whitney began to reduce his voluminous notes and sketches to Kleinlein, Walter J. Rules and Practices for Adjusting formally written articles about these timepieces, Watches. Waltham, MA, 1948, pp. 70-76. and authored a long-running series, "The Ship's Chronometer," in the Horological Times. This Van Haaften, E. "Why the Counterpoised Collet?", H.I.A. was followed by his popular series, "Military Journal. Horological Institute of America, September and Time". There are 32 chapters which make up October, 1946. this book. The book contains hundreds of pho­ tographs and many illustrations and diagrams. This book is probably the most complete compi­ lation on military timepieces to date. $75.00

TO ORDER: Send your name, address and phone number along with payment (check, Visa or Mastercard) to AWi Central, 701 Enterprise Dr., Harrison, OH 45030; Phone 513-367-9800, Fax 513-367-1414 3.1.3. Hold finger on escape wheel and unlock the train. With MUSIC Box finger pressure, control the rundown of the time train. CAUTION: IF THE MOVEMENT IS RELATIVELY DIRTY OR TIIE OILS ARE DRIED/GUMMY, IT MAY CLOCKS BE NECESSARY TO MANUALLY DRIVE TI1E TRAIN. THIS IS ACCOMPLISHED BY APPLYING PRESSURE WITH A FINGER AGAINST TIIE THIRD OR FOURTH VIENNA CLOCK WITH GRANDE WHEEL. THIS SHOULD BE CONTINUED UNTIL YOU SONNERIE AND MUSIC Box, PART 23 ARE CERTAIN THAT THE SPRING IS FULLY LET DOWN. By Leo A. Jaroslaw ©1997 (All rights reserved by the author) 3.2. Quarter Strike train. (See Figure 23.2.) futroduction 3.2.1. Hold or tie the rack hook (15) away from the rack (16). In Part 22 we discussed the springs and spring barrels in this This will allow the gathering pallet (17) to rotate and lift the rack movement; let's continue. continuously. Continue until the spring no longer has the power The design of these spring barrels makes it difficult to disas­ to drive the gathering pallet. (SEE PRECEDING CAUTION.) semble this movement for cleaning and repair. Since the click is on the inner face of the mainwheel, it is actually inside the barrel 3.2.2. Release the quarter strike rack hook. when assembled. Therefore it is not accessible for spring let down. (See Figure 23.1.) View A shows the ratchet wheel/arbor assem­ 3.3. Strike train let down. (See Figure 23.2.) bly (10), assembled into the mainwheel (6). View B shows the mainwheel with click (7) and clickspring (8) within the recess in Note: After the quarter train spring has been let down, make the mainwheel. sure thatthe quarter rack isfally gathered with the pallet against the pallet swp (18). ln this position the strike warning lever (19) 3. Spring let down. is in its released position. This will allow the strike train f,o run down. Note: This has f,o be done carefally and slowly. 3.3.1. Set up the strike rack hook as you did on the quarter strike 3.1. TimeTrain. let down by holding or tying it away from the rack.

3 .1.1. Lock the time train with a thin screwdriver or similar in­ 3 .3.2. Let down the strike train similar to the procedure above for strument through the escape wheel. the quarter strike train. (Refer to step 3.2.)

3.1.2. Remove verge. Set aside. 4. Disassembly of movement.

CAUflON: MAKE NOTES AND SKETCHES/PHOTOS AS YOU DISASSEMBLE. TO MAKE CERTAIN OF LO­ CATIONS WHEN REASSEMBLING THIS COMPLI­ CATED MOVEMENT.

Quarter Strike Hammer Tail (see Figure 23.3).

This hammer tail has a very unusual design. It requires some description of its design, reason and operation, as it is contrary to the design of most other hammer tails. This odd design is re­ quired because the pinwheel turns clockwise as viewed from the front. The hammer strikes counterclockwise against a center View A ViewB mounted gong. The tail horizontal section, which I call the horizontal arm 6 Mainwheel 8 Click Spring (26), is flat and at 90" from the hammer arbor (24). In rotation the 7 Click 10 Ratchet Wheel/Arbor Assembly pins pass under the horizontal arm (see View A). The curved hammer tail, which I call the actuating arm (27), drops down Figure 23.1. Click system. from the horizontal arm to just clear the pinwheel (see View C). 36 HOROLOGICAL TIMES The pins, after passing under the horizontal arm, contact the actu­ terclockwise and the hammer strikes the gong. Figure 23.3, View ating arm (see View B). As the pin travels down the curve it ro­ A, shows one pin just coming out from under the horizontal arm, tates the hammer arbor clockwise. while another is just contacting the actuating arm. View B shows The spring shoe (25) attached to the arbor, compresses the the pin just about to be let off. hammer spring (30). When the pin lets off the end of the actuat­ This ends Part 23. fu Part 24 we will start on the Grande ing arm the compressed spring powers the spring shoe/arbor coun- Sonnerie and music box controls. ~

--16

-18

15 Quarter Strike Rack Hook 18 Quarter Pallet Stop 21 Strike Rack 16 Quarter Rack 19 Warning Lever 22 Strike Gathering Pallet 17 Quarter Gathering Pallet 20 Strike Rack Hook 23 Strike Pallet Stop

Figure 23.2. Front plate strike controls.

ViewB Vi.ewe

_21 ..-28 28 27 2 2r-- 28 29-

24 Hammer Arbor 27 Actuating Arm 30 Quarter Hammer Spring 25 Spring Shoe 28 Pin 26 Horizontal Arm 29 Quarter Strike Second Wheel (Pin Wheel)

Figure 23.3. Quarter strike hammer tail assembly. JULY 1997 37 ratchet problem. Figure 4 shows the components of the great wheel before assembly including the new sleeve. A GERMAN Figure 5 is a side view showing the great wheels where the strike great wheel is on the left towards the rear of the clock. WAG-ON­ The question of lubrication is of concern when over­ hauling this type of clock. Clearly, the escape wheel, es­ capement, and the chain wheels should be lubricated since THE-WALL they have metal-to-metal surfaces. Pivot holes in the wooden plates should not be lubricated unless they have brass bushings. Polishing the pivots to a high gloss and By David J. Carlson cleaning out the pivot holes will minimize friction and restore the clock to its original performance.

The German Wag-on-the-Wall shown in Figure 1 was Alarm System brought into the shop for overhaul. According to the owner, A side view of the pin wheel which drives the alarm the clock was originally purchased by his family in Ger­ system is shown in Figure 6. The bell hammer is located many and later brought to America in the early 1900s. The beneath the bell. It swings back and forth, hitting both the clock had been in storage for almost 70 years based on the front and rear of the bell. The alarm actuating lever is newspapers dated 1928 which were used to pack the clock. shown in Figure 7. The front and rear view of the alarm The clock is typical of Black Forest Clocks made in set dial is shown in Figure 8. The front cover of the dial is the early 1800s. It has wooden plates, wooden arbors, and thin brass stamped with the numbers 1 through 12. The a bell strike. A novel feature is the "12 hour" alarm which rear portion of the dial is made from wood and is notched is set by the brass hour numbered disk in the center of the to receive the actuating lever (Figure 8). Through several dial. Functionally the alarm works the same as early Ameri­ generations of repair, the wood immediately behind the can clocks which use the same method of setting the alarm. brass cover was badly cracked and partially missing. A As received, the clock would not run and the chain on the two-part epoxy compound, PC-7, was used to replace the strike train could not be wound. missing wood and provide a good bond with the brass cover plate. Overhaul After the dial was removed, the clock was taken apart. Alarm Operation The components are shown in Figure 2 with the strike side Power for the alarm is supplied by a grooved wheel on the left and the time side on the right. After takedown, and ratchet which is located behind the pin wheel in Fig­ the clock was cleaned. The wooden frame and end plates ure 6. Unlike the chain wheels in the time and strike trains, were cleaned with fine steel wool and the pivot holes with the grooved wheel does not have studs or pins around the pegwood. All of the gears except the escape wheel have perimeter of the groove to prevent the chain from slip­ wooden arbors and had to be cleaned dry. The pivots were ping. Experimentally, the only way I could make the drive first inspected and then polished with a steel wire brush in work is to use two weights, the smaller one chosen to pre­ a rotary tool. The steel brush both cleans and burnishes vent slippage and the larger one to supply the necessary the pivots if the wheels are slowly rotated as the steel brush drive power. I would be interested in hearing from any is applied to the pivots. The brass gears and arbors can be reader having knowledge in this area (Please send c/o AWI cleaned with a combination of steel wool and a brass brush Central). in the rotary tool. The winding problem in the strike train was caused Installation by the strike great wheel which was very loose on its ar­ The clock was originally designed to be hung on a bor which in tum caused failure of the ratchet. When the long nail driven into the wall at a slight upwards angle. wheel was taken apart, a poorly fitted rolled up piece of The hole for the nail can be seen behind the bell in Figure metal had been substituted for the metal sleeve. The metal 6. When hung on the wall, the clearance for the crutch and sleeve is used to provide a bearing surface for the chain suspension system is supplied by the position on the nail wheel to prevent excessive wear on the wooden arbors. and two feet on the lower back of the movement which The assembly is shown schematically in Figure 3. The are visible in Figure 3. The stress on the movement from sleeve is held in place on the wooden arbor by three nails raising the weights and self support is quite high when which also act to retain the chain wheel. A mild steel sleeve using a nail. As an alternative, I am working with the cus­ was made for the strike great wheel which provided cor­ tomer to design a simple bracket to support the movement rect tolerance for the wheel and thereby eliminated the from the bottom. ~ 38 HOROLOGICAL TIMES Figure 4. Great wheel components.

Figure 7. Alarm actuating lever.

Figure I. German Wag-on-the-Wall. Figure 5. Side view showing great wheels.

Figure 2. Clock components. Figure 6. Pin wheel alarm drive.

OWNVIHEEL

Figure 3. Great wheel assembly. Figure 8. Front and back of the alarm dial.

JULY 1997 39 of instruction to 3,000 hours and be­ As all of the REC members know so SCHOLASTICALLY yond provided food for thought on the well, this is one of the rewarding as­ various options each school must con­ pects of teaching. sider as they to keep their programs Although many of the REC in­ SPEAKING in focus. structors regularly attend the AWI During the following two days, seminars that are offered near their By Ken Pell the teachers found themselves in a cities to brush up on their skills, it was "role reversal." They were the students a special treat to be in a training ses­ and had the pleasure of having Roy sion with their peers. Horological in­ Hovey as their instructor. The subject structors are becoming more and more of the course was "turning between scarce as the number of schools dimin­ centers." For those who teach clock ish. Recent emphasis by the watch in­ repair, the project was to make a ship's dustry and the trade associations has The 1997 Research and Education chronometer balance staff. For watch been on strategies to help fill open­ Council Meeting, April 11, 12, and repair instructors, the staff would be ings that will be left by the many 13, AWI Headquarters for an English fusee. Once the staffs highly skilled craftsmen of our pro­ were annealed and tempered properly, fession who plan to retire in the com­ Each year, horology instructors they were cut to approximate size on ing years. We must not lose sight of whose schools are members of AWI the American watchmaker's lathe. the fact that the few remaining instruc­ hold their annual meeting in Cincin­ Before the projects began, Roy ex­ tors of horology also must take that nati. This year, the following teachers plained the entire lathe program he has same path. Who will be around to re­ represented their schools: Ken Pell developed. It would have been nice to place them? and Tom Bransford, Winter Park, FL; have the extra time to experience the Please refer to the updated listing Joseph Juaire, St. Paul Technical Col­ entire program, instead of just two of REC member schools. lege, St. Paul, MN; Chuck McKinney, days. He gave tips on mounting car­ Any school not on this list that Ohio Valley Watchmaking School, bide gravers and special sharpening offers a full-time program in watch or Cincinnati, OH; Toby Witherspoon, techniques. He also explained how he clock repair may be eligible for mem­ Kilgore College, Kilgore, TX; Frank could conduct any of these training bership in the AWI Research and Edu­ Poye, Texas Institute of Jewelry Tech­ sessions for schools. cation Council. Contact the AWI staff nology, Paris, TX; Tony Knorr, North The next phase was to use the for information. ~ Seattle Community College, Seattle, Swiss-type lathe to form the pivots. WA; Jim Lubic, Bill Ewbank and Roy As an added feature Roy demonstrated Hovey, AWL use of the Jacot tool to burnish the piv­ The REC business meeting was ots. Fortunately for some of us, our held Friday afternoon, April 11. After students weren't around to see that we the previous year's meeting minutes are not infallible, but some surprise were read and approved, officers for visitors did stop by to offer some "en­ the next two years were elected. Ken couragement" -none other than Pell, Winter Park Tech, Winter Park, Buddy and Alice Carpenter. Although Florida, is the incoming Chairman and they stopped short of picking up a The 1997 Research and Education Director, and Joe Juaire, St. Paul Tech­ graver and "digging in," they did of­ Council annual business meeting. nical College, St. Paul, Minnesota, is fer some tips. Roy concluded with an the incoming Secretary and Director. overview of some of the antique pivot A discussion ensued on "measures of polishers and other related devices success" for the schools and how each from ages past. school uses creativity to accomplish The teachers learned more than these goals. Among the major issues technical skills from this experience. discussed were recruiting arid adver­ They also benefited from Roy's pro­ tising, class size, placement efforts, fessional approach to the art of teach­ and curriculum development. Schools ing. His influence will have a lasting must constantly be aware of chang­ effect on the teachers and their stu­ ing needs in the industry and focus on dents alike. Roy readily admits that he Ken Pell, '97- '98 REC Director; Joe how to adapt their programs to fill too learns something new each time Juaire, '97- '98 REC Secretary; and these needs. A discussion on the vari­ he teaches a class as he provokes in­ Toby Witherspoon, outgoing REC ous programs ranging from 750 hours teresting questions from the students. Director. 40 HOROLOGICAL TIMES AMERICAN WATCHMAKERS-CLOCKMAKERS INSTITUTE RESEARCH AND EDUCATION COUNCIL (REC) ROSTER OF SCHOOLS

ALABAMA MISSISSIPPI Paris Mobile Ellisville Paris Junior College (19653) Bishop State Community College (19704) Jones County Jr. College (19642) Texas Institute of Jewelry Technology Southwest Campus Elbert Lewis, Instructor Frank Poye, Horology Dept. Stephen Lange, Instructor Ellisville, MS 39437 2400 Clarksville Street 925 Dauphin Island Pkwy. 601-477-4075 Paris, TX 75460 Mobile, AL 36605-3211 601-477-4152 (Fax) 903-782-0361 334-479-7476, Ext. 26 903-782-0452 (Fax) 334-473-2049 (Fax) NEW YORK http://www.paris.cc.tx.us/tijt Woodside E-mail: [email protected] FLORIDA Joseph Bulova School of Watchmaking Winter Park (19634) WASHINGTON Winter Park Tech (22029) Frank Shank, Warner Rupert, Instructors 4 0 - Seattle Clock & Watch Repair School 24 62nd Street North Seattle Community College (19649) Tom Bransford, Dept. Head Woodside, NY 11377-4963 Tony Knorr, Horology Dept. Ken Pell, Instructor 718-424-2929 9600 College Way N. 901 Webster Ave. 718-335-0545 (Fax) Seattle, WA 98103 Winter Park, FL 32789 206-526-0173 407-647-6366, Ext. 278/293 OHIO 206-527-3635 (Fax) 407-647-6366, Ext. 700 (Fax) Cincinnati www.ocps.kl2.fl.us Ohio Valley Watchmaking (19650) CANADA Horology Dept. Quebec ILLINOIS Chuck McKinney, Instructor The National Watchmaking School (19655) Quincy 10600 Springfield Pike 946 Saint-Paul Street Gem City College (19638) Cincinnati, Ohio 45215 Trois-Ri vieres School of Horology 513-771-4800, Ext. 499 Quebec, Canada G9A 113 7th and State Street 513-771-4959 (Fax) Michael Plourde, Instructor P.O. Box 179 819-379-8057 Quincy, IL 62306 OKLAHOMA 819-379-2189 217-222-0391 Okmulgee 217-222-1557 (Fax) Oklahoma St. Unv/Okmulgee (19651) Wit SWITZERLAND **Home Study Course: Watch Repair Jarochowski, Watch Repair Neuchatel 1801 E. 4th Street Watchmakers of Switzerland (23305) MICHIGAN Okmulgee, OK 74447-3901 Tech. & Ed. Program (WOSTEP) Plainwell 918-756-6211, Ext. 499 Rue des Saars 99 Michigan Career & Technical Institute 918-756-1315 (Fax) CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland Jerry Jerue, Instructor (19660) www.osu-okmulgee.edu/watch.htm 41 32 729 00 30 11611 W. Pine Lake Road E-mail: [email protected] 41 32 729 00 35 (Fax) Plainwell, MI 49080-9254 616-664-4461, Ext. 251 PENNSYLVANIA 616-664-5850 (Fax) Johnstown Hiram G. Andrews Center (20988) Sterling Heights Harry Hinzy, Horology Dept. Career Preparation Center (19635) Office of Rehab. Arnold Van Tiem, Horology Dept. 727 Goucher Street 12200 15 Mile Road Johnstown, PA 15905 Sterling Heights, MI 48312 814-255-8371 810-825-2818 814-255-3406 (Fax) 810-825-2839 (Fax) TEXAS MINNESOTA Kilgore St. Paul Kilgore College (19644) St. Paul Technical College (19656) Toby Witherspoon,Watchmaking Dept. Joseph Juaire, Instructor 1100 Broadway 235 Marshall Ave. Kilgore, TX 75662 St. Paul, MN 55102 903-984-8531, Ext. 220 612-221-1408 903-983-8220 (Office) 612-221-1416 (Fax) 903-983-8600 (Fax) E-mail: [email protected]

JULY 1997 41 BULLETIN BOARD

A. NEW REQUESTS

Rolling Ball Clock Bernard Petit, Dothan, AL, seeks information on what he describes as a "rolling ball clock." Spare parts, service or manual, whatever you have will help.

Paolo Watch Crystal Edward Buchwald, Cleveland, OH, is looking for a special crys­ tal for a lady's Paolo watch, model 7 51, by Gucci. He tried to contact the Nicolet Watch Com­ pany in Newark, NJ, the listed distributor and service agent for tion about since I haven't been the Paolo Watch Co. This company able to find anything in any of the is no longer at the Newark ad­ books that I have researched. dress. Any information you can The case is a demi-hunting provide will be appreciated. case made of .800 silver with ro­ man numeral on the outer case. Urania Watch Company The inner lid on the back of the Robin Laughlin, Sidney, OH, re­ case is marked Urania, No. cently sent in the following request: 253844, Ancre ligne droite, 5 I have a customer who has a rubis. The dial is missing so I pocket watch that we would like don't know if it had a porcelain to know if there is any informa- dial or not. The hour wheel and minute wheel are also missing. I have drawn pictures of the hallmarks inside the watch case to help determine the age of the case of the watch. I have also enclosed photos of the movement of the watch. Any help you can give me on determining the age of the watch German Silver Mark .800 .800 Coin Silver would be appreciated.

Junghans Clock Don Lindsay, Alexandria, LA, writes: I have a Junghans clock, model unknown, for which I need the chime and strike setup, and the chime sequence. The clock has on movement five hammers on the back; three are attached near the top and are operated by the chime drive wheel, 42 HOROLOGICAL TIMES ity and interest in hairspring vi­ brating we would like to develop sources to have hairsprings vi­ brated for the trade and sources offering supplies for those who choose to vibrate their own. Your input will be a benefit to AWI members.

Bezels for Both Clocks and ;r Watches 0 We continue to receive requests 0 v1~&,;;, ~- from members seeking tradesmen .!f'till ~-~ D who custom-make clock bezels and watch bezels. From time to time we can help them with a source for watch bezels, but have not had a source for clock bezels Junghans-model unknown for a number of years. Front View Antique German Clock with and two are attached on the back Two Weights at points "A" and "B". "A" and Kenneth B. Clements, Hendersonville, "B" operate each quarter. "B" also TN, has an antique German tall operates as the fourth hammer clock with two weights but three when striking. striking strings. It strikes the quar­ ter-hour and then switches to an­ B. RESPONSES other "set" to strike the hour. The problem is that something is miss­ At press time, no answers were received ing that keeps the mechanism en­ to last month's ''Bulletin Board" requests. gaged with the hour-strike set. He asks, "can one of your experienced Early Rolex C. ITEMS STILL NEEDED readers tell or guess what is miss­ Mr. John B. Lyons, Mt. Airy, MD, ing?" On the back of the move­ sends the following request: A Source for Hairsprings and ment are the markings: Enclosed please find several Supplies D.R.P. photographs of an early Rolex Robert Mohr, Manhattan, KS, No 54033 11.5 line. Please excuse the dark seeks a source for supplying/mak­ 6826 prints. This is what I know/believe ing new hairsprings for pocket to be true of this watch which may watches. Tradesmen who vibrate not be self-evident. hairsprings for the trade today are The case number is 1416983591. very few; also, hairsprings of all The number is stamped on the sizes (especially pocket watch back cover. It is an early Rolex size) for those who can vibrate product, approximately 1925. It them are difficult to find. appears to be an AS caliber made AWI instructor, Joseph Cerullo, prior to ETA's purchase of AS. does teach a traveling workshop on The dial says Automatic Wind­ vibrating hairsprings and the course ing in a semi-circle with Athlete is taught at Project Extend. Our between the two words. Antimag­ video library has an excellent tape netic is in a semi-circle over the on hairspring vibrating featuring in­ seconds bit. M is stamped at the structor Cerullo, and produced by pallet. Robot Watch Co. is lightly Zantech. It is available for loan to scratched on the movement and case. AWI members. Mr. James Dowling, in En­ Because of the renewed activ- gland, knows of only four others JULY 1997 43 in existence and believes it is a sources to have enameled watch second division watch. (i.e.: Tudor and clock dials repaired or repro­ type). I have searched all the fin­ duced completely. There are a gerprint material I have and can­ couple of sources in England that not further identify the movement. we are aware of; we would like to Can anyone provide me with locate something in the United the following information? Who States. is the manufacturer? Is it possible to obtain a fourth wheel pinion? Staff/Stem Conversion Charts: (Is there a reasonable chance that Bestfit to Quickfit a pinion from another caliber Louie Burwinkel, Dry Ridge, OH, could be substituted?) Who would is seeking reference charts that you recommend that could make will allow him to convert Bestfit a fourth wheel pinion? Do you system staff and stem numbers to know of any major Rolex collec­ Quickfit system numbers. tors who may have additional information? Jaeger Lecoultre Aircraft/Tank Clock Prentice Standard Calendar Louis Delouise, Nenana, AK, is Clock seeking an exploded view of a Jae­ David L. Adams, Pittsfield, NH, ger LeCoultre aircraft clock or has a Prentice Calendar clock like tank clock. One is type l 65R, the the one illustrated here. Can a other has serial number M20. reader supply a copy of the in­ struction booklet that came with Girrard Perregaux Ebauche the clock? Would someone send a Information for Later Models drawing of the correct bends of the IJS, Indianapolis, IN, is seeking a wires holding the date cards? chart giving the Swiss ebauche for the more recent Girrard Perregaux calibers; calibers released since the Best-Fit book was published.

Junghans Spare Parts and Photo Stephen Gergely, Moncton NB, Canada, seeks spare parts informa­ tion and/or a photo, sketch, or drawing of Junghans caliber D09, an old Westminster movement. Any information you can provide will be appreciated. e

Winding Coils for Accutrons A member in Austin, TX, is at­ tempting to develop a method to wind coils for Accutron watches. He is searching for a source for the wire and needs the recommenda­ tion of a solvent which will dis­ solve the coating on the old coils.

Enameled Dials, Repair and Reproduction A WI is frequently asked for 44 HOROLOGICAL TIMES HAMILTON ELECTRIC WATCH REPAIR Expert, experienced service on all Hamilton 500 and ATMOS BY JAEGER-LECOULTRE CLASSIFIED 505 Electric watches. Hamilton Electric watches Overhauled with a and parts always wanted. Rene Rondeau, P.O. Box three-year (3) warranty on all labor 391, Corte Madera, CA 94976. Tel: (415) 924-6534. MIKE'S CLOCK CLINIC ADVERTISING Fax: (415) 924-8423. 1326 Stanford Street Santa Monica, CA 90404-2502 Established in 1982 & AWi Trained HIGH QUALITY I also overhaul 400-day clocks CLOCK & WATCHMAKERS TOOLS Please Call (310) 828-6707 BRITISH MADE http://www.webcom.com/z4murray/ Depthing Tools, Milling Spindles, Pivoting & Jacot Tool, Wheel & Pinion Cutters and many other preci­ REGULATIONS & RATES sion tools for the Clock & Watchmaker. Also all materials for the Clock Restorer. 'Illustrated cata­ ALVIN KRUTOLOW FOR logue: $10. J. Malcolm Wild, l2 Norton Green Ads are payable in advance 85¢ per word, ROLEX SERVICE 95¢ per word in bold type; minimum ad is Close, Sheffield SS 8BP England. U.S. Contact: Master Watchmaker, 47 years experience. M.M. Ambrosino, Fax (718) 358-7750. $30.00. Classified display ads are $35.00 Awarded technical certificate from Rolex in per column inch, 2-1/4" wide. Ads are not 1977. Service includes case & bracelet commissionable or discountable. The pub­ refinishing & waterproofing of case. All watch lisher reserves the right to edit all copy. Price VINTAGE POCKET WATCH RESTORATION parts are genuine Rolex. We specialize in Twenty years experience, guarantee, free estimates. lists of services will not be accepted. Confi­ the repair of high-grade watches & clocks. The Escapement, Box 606, Chenango Bridge, NY dential ads are $7.50 additional for postage Not affiliated with RolexWatches, Inc. USA. and handling. The first of the month is issue 13745; (607) 648-3777. Ask for Alvin or Marcus, (203) 792-4539. date. Copy must be received 30 days in ad­ vance (e.g. September issue closes for copy on August 1st). Quality Watch Repair has moved to sunny Southern California and is seeking new accounts!! For informa­ HOROLOGICAL TIMES tion, call Richard Mazza at (818) 907-9643 or Fax ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT SERVICE 701 Enterprise Drive (818) 501-7727. Address: 12358 Ventura Blvd., Suite We are Factory Authorized Service for: Harrison, OH 45030 326, Studio City, CA 91604. E-mail: • VIBROGRAF & PORTESCAP Phone (513) 367-9800 [email protected]. • TICK-0-PRINT & L&R Fax (513) 367-1414 We service all makes of ultrasonics, all makes of watch rate recorders. and related equipment, 25 years experience. CUTTERS cycloidal for clock wheels and pinions. JACK PHILLIPS Module 0.2 to l.O. Constant profile producing tradi­ ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT SERVICE tional square bottomed teeth, 104 sizes. Escape 757 Lincoln Ave., #26 San Rafael, CA 94901 TRADESMAN cutters: recoil (set of seven sizes), dead beat (set of For Information four sizes). Ratchets 60° and 70°. All cutters made in 8% cobalt M42 High Speed Steel and heat treated Call (415) 453-9266 under vacuum. Also cutter grinding wheels, Grit and CHRONOMETERREPAIR&RESTORATION CBN. Send for Information Sheet, prices, and order BY FELLOW OF THE BRITISH HOROLOGI­ forms to : P.P. Thornton (Successors), Ltd., Horol­ CAL INSTITUTE. All work to high standards. I am ogical Cutter Makers, The Old Bakehouse, Upper CLOCK WHEEL AND also looking to buy old chronometers, parts, boxes, Tysoe, Warwickshire, CV35 OTR, England; Tele­ PINION CUTTING etc. Phil Howard, 4220 Virginia Beach Blvd., Vir­ phone 0295-680454, Fax 0295-688176. ginia Beach, VA 23452; (757) 481-7633, Fax (757) Fast service -- Write for free Bro­ 481-1784. chure and price list. Fendleys, POCKETWA TCH CASE REPAIR-- Bezels, hinges, 2535 Himes St., Irving, TX springs, dents, etc. HARRY MAZAR, Tick-Tock TRADE WATCH REPAIR Specialties, 308 N. McLeansboro St., Benton, IL 75060. (214) 986-7698. Jewel Lever Watches & Quartz Watches. Quick 62812. Phone (618) 439-6995. turnaround. Call Mike (972) 307-5434. CLOCK, MUSIC BOX MAINSPRINGS, GEAR PINION CUTTERS, MATERIAL & PARTS ,------, DIALREFINISHINGCO.FASTSERVICE,FIN­ CUSTOM MADE. TANI, Box 338, Atwater, OH DIAL EST QUALITY, quantity works welcome. Special­ 44201 ; (330) 947-2268. Catalog $3 .00. ize on changing dial feet positions to fit the quartz REFINISHING movement. Send your works to: KIRK DIAL OF SEATTLE, 4th & Pike Bldg., Suite 625, Seattle, WA 98101 ; (206) 623-2452. RESTORATION & PARTS MANUFACTURING FOR ALL ·11 ' 2 • , 2 · TYPES OF WATCHES & CLOCKS We restore all types of watches including • CerUDed Master Watcbmaker tuning fork, electronic, quartz, mechani­ 4 . Joatlwl Ron cal, antique, high grade, etc. All types of clock restoration and custom watch, clock 8rllBs Tnllled - WOS'l'BP parts manufacturing including gear cut­ BEFORE AFTER REPAIR & RESTORATION ting, balance staffs all types, stems (regu­ Quartz Conversions From Anttque Verge Fusee to Modem Quartz lar and oversize), repivoting, etc. Over 35 Diamond Dial Conversions Case Repair years experience in watch, clock restora­ Emblem & Name Personalization SPBCIIUZIN& IN CllllONOGUPllS tion and parts manufacturing. J.S. Park, CMW, CMEW, member AWi & NAWCC. Write for Brochures TM Services Satisfaction guaranteed. WATCHES UN­ INTERNATIONAL DIAL CO., INC. LIMITED, 222 Century Plaza Mall, 7500 58 W. SUGARTREE (Time Master) Crestwood Blvd., Birmingham, AL 35210; P.O. BOX 970 1290 Front St., Suite 125, Binghamton, NY 13901 Phone 1-800-352-7056or (205) 595-2022. WILMINGTON, OH 45177 Hours: Mon.-Sat. 10-9; Sun. 1-6. For more info telephone (607) 775-3302 L ______(513) 382-4535 _J

JULY 1997 45 TRADESMAN ROLEXsTYLE WATCH MOVEMENTS & PARTS PRECISION REGULATING WRENCH 100% Money Back Guarantee If Not Fully Satisfied Miyota, Pulsar, Morioka, Tokei-Shiojiri, ETA, Harley, FE, SE, ISA, Etc. TIMING MACIDNES -- NEW AND REFUR­ BISHED. Quality Service and Repair. DON Spring Bars, T Bars, HOLDEN, Box 56, Penna. Furnace, PA 16865, Japanese/Swiss Batteries, Crowns, (UPS Del. - 6866 W. Whitehall Rd.) Call (814) 692- Send 524.95 plus 52 Shipping and Handling to: 2285. Michael Donnellan Mineral Glasses & Watch Hands, Etc. P.O. Box 591543 San Francisco, CA 94159

NOT AFFILIATED WITH "-OLEX U~ IN ANY WAY Available at Export Prices. CRYSTAL CUTTING SERVICE No Minimum Order Requirements Flat Mineral Glass Crystals Contact Quality Work I-Day Turnaround Send $3.00 for our new SOMAL INTERNATIONAL (Canada) R.A. Time Capsule clock supply catalog! 106 Michigan Ave. Montoursville, PA Tlmesavers Brampton, Ont. L6Y 4N6 Canada You'll love our price. Box 12700 Tel. 905 450 1458 Fax 905 450 8976 For more information call Scottsdale, AZ 85267 1-800-WATCH-50 602-483-3711

Watchmakers tools, equipment, material, and sup­ CLOCKS: gear cutting, repivoting, jeweling, plies, mostly used. Sold by free list, available from CASIO WATCH PARTS rebushing. Aircraft clocks. ROY H. NIEGEL, CMC, Dashto, Tom Mister, 2557 Sandpiper Rd., Virginia No Minimum Order Required CMW, N31552 Saint Joe Drive, Spirit Lake, Idaho Beach, VA 23456; Phone (757) 426-1155, Fax 83869-9544. SASE or CALL (208) 623-4330. (757) 426-3133; e-mail: [email protected] Kaben Enterprises 3529 Chamblee Tucker Road NEW CLOCKS Atlanta, GA 30341 High domed crystals for fusee watches. Must have Howard Miller & Ridgeway Grandfather, Wall Official Casio Distributor watch or bezel. 0. Frye, 2040 E. Rancho Dr., Phoe­ & Shelf Clocks. Best prices anywhere. Mel Tay­ nix, AZ 85016. ORDERS (800) 418-2345 lor, A Time to Remember, Call Toll Free 1-800- INFORMATION (770) 939-4511 267-7756. ARTICLES FOR SALE SCHOHL MACHINE, INC. CRYSTAL CUTTING TOOL BUSINESS FOR SALE MINI QUARTZ MOVEMENTS. Guaranteed low­ est prices--as low as $2.30. Two-year guarantee. Large selection of hands and numerals. Free delivery. SASE WATCH REPAIR SHOP: Busy retail and trade or call (704) 333-0221. HALL CLOCK SHOP, 1512 shop in university and capital #1 city. Owner re­ Central Ave., Charlotte, NC 28205. tiring. Contact: M.R. Gabriel, 2317 S. Stoughton Rd., Madison, WI 53716. Phone (608) 221-0416.

HAMILTON MILITARY MATERIAL. Many parts available for 992B, 4992B, M23, M22 deck OWNER WISHES TO RETIRE watch, M2 l marine chronometer, brass hardware for 47 Years Same Location • Turnkey Sale • Business boxes. Robert Ravel Co., Box 32, Devon, PA 19333. Real Estate - Building (option) Phone (610) 644-4272. Watch, Clock, Jewelry - Sales and Service Wilmington, Delaware - Center City USER FRIENDLY Stong Customer Base MORBIER AND OTHER EUROPEAN The machine uses the watch bezel itself to trace and cut (302) 655·2183 CLOCKS AND OVAL DOMES a precise pattern on the mineral glass material. You For Sale, Also Parts & Cases simply break off at the cut, grind and finish the edges. THEO BURGER You can make crystals for both men's and ladies' watches 3335 Birch St., Palo Alto, CA 94306 in 6-7 minutes at a nominal cost. Phone/Fax (415) 917-8775 SCHOOLS r sencrrr:t0row-~9~1TIJ~,I CRYSTAL GRINDER 1 Parts Catalog This is the ulti­ I HERMLE, REGULA,BERGEON,REUGE,&MOREI mate mate for the I -t=Black Forest Imports, Inc.I Schohl Crystal WINTER PARK TECH f!rJ!t. 22865 Savi Ranch Pkwy. #D Cutting Machine. Yorba Lind.a,CA92887 I I 5-inch diamond Learn I vou •~Cl.OCE.NO""""' (714) 637-4307 I wheel grinds L ~AR.~~·~9!L_ ------..J quickly without WATCH & CLOCK REPAIR heat or buildup. A light spray of Established 1972 A complete selection of Windex is all spare parts for the (407) 647-6366, ext. 278 or 293 Golden Hour Clock that's needed. Contact your supplier or call direct 901 Webster Ave. The Golden Hour Clock Co. 7745 East Redfield Road #500 208 Barber St., Spring Lake, Ml 49456 Scottsdale, AZ 85260 Winter Park, Florida 32789 602-483-3711 Phone 1-800-47o-4217 Fax (616) 842-2198

46 HOROLOGICAL TIMES Excellent Position For Qualified Watchmaker HELP WANTED Swiss manufacturer of high quality timepieces seeks watchmaker for its U.S. location. Experience in high grade mechanical and quartz required, certification desirable. Experience in high grade watch repair a plus. Successful candidate will be sent to Swiss head­ quarters for training, including repair of complicated movements. Competitive salary plus extensive ben­ efits package. Send resume and salary history to: Box H.W797, c/o Horological Times, 701 Enterprise Dr., Harrison, OH 45030.

JEWELERS & MANAGERS For full service jewelry/watch repair centers in metro Atlanta, Georgia. Reply by letter including references and experience to: Box H.WJ97, c/o Horological Times, 701 Enterprise Dr., Harrison, OH 45030. Experienced CLOCK REPAIRER NEEDED: Position available WATCHMAKERS for experienced clock & watch repairer in Chicago North suburban clock shop. Exp. in all kinds of clocks including spring and weight driven and quartz, man­ For our expanding service locations tel, floor, wall. Watch repair for quartz, mechanical and self-winding. Salary commensurate with experi­ in Dallas-Ft. Worth and San ence. Contact David Lee. Fax resume/application and Francisco. Competitive benefit salary req. (847) 234-7286. package offered; salary commensu­ rate with experience. Please send/ WATCHMAKERS fax resume or letter of interest to Universal Geneve Service Center Cartier, Inc., Box 610508, DFW Top Salary & Benefits Airport, TX 75261-0508; Fax: 972- Southfield, Ml 574-2635. An equal opportunity (810) 358-9084 employer.

SITUATIONS WANTED

WATCHMAKER Formal watch school education and SELF WINDER WOSTEP graduate seeking an established reputable fine jewelry store requiring quality Carlyle & Co. Jewelers is looking for a watchmaker as service of high grade mechanical timepieces. Strong interest in vintage chronographs, precise and reliable as the finest Swiss timepiece. wrist/pocket watches. Able to relocate. Re­ ply to: Box SW77797, c/o Horological Times, Crystal Clear Benefits 701 Enterprise Dr., Harrison, OH 45030. Excellent Pay Seven Paid Holidays Per Year Medical, Dental & Vision Christmas Bonus Paid Vacation Travel Paid Personal Leave Relocation Package WANTED TO BUY

Must be completely proficient in all phases Buying pocket watches, movements, cases. Need Arn. keywinds, fusees, bull'seye crystals & Breitling of watch repair, including care and use of Navitimer movement. Bob Niemeyer, RR#!, authorized Rolex equipment. Please send Spencerville, OH 45887; Phone (419) 647-4818. resume in strictest confidence to: NWCSC Manager TOP BUYERS OF WATCHMAKERS TOOLS, MA­ TERIALS, EQUIPMENT, ETC. We travel for prompt P.O. Box 21768 settlement. Retirements and estate specialists. Please Greensboro, NC 27420 call Tom Mister at (757) 426-1155, Fax (757) 426- 3133; e-mail: [email protected]

Antique French Clock Movement to fit 2-3/16" CARLYLE &Co. opening, with vertical rear platform. 0. Frye, 2040 ~Samii.'& ~Jeweier&n:.1922. E. Rancho Dr., Phoenix, AZ 85016. JULY 1997 47 WANTED TO BUY ADVERTISING INDEX WANTED I • Watches: Rolex, Patek Philippe, Audemars Piguet, Vacheron, Lecoultre, IWC, Etc. American Perfit Crystal Corp ...... 26 Also Buying Low Grades--Gold-Filled & Gold {Hamilton, Bulova, Elgin, Gruen, Etc.) • Sterling & Plated Trays, Dishes, Service Sets, Etc. ROUX • PATEi< PHILIPPE Bergeon & Cie SA ...... 28 VACHERON & CONSTANTI • Scrap--Gold-Filled, Gold, Silver, Platinum, AUDEMARS PIGUET Watch Batteries (Silver or Mixed) BREITUNG • CARTIER & OTHERS CALL TOLL FREE 1-800-426-2344 Borel & Co., Jules ...... 5 When you're ready to ell SPECIAL TY METALS '1;Ca// Toll Free REFINING COMPANY 1O Bay Street 1-800-842-8625 Butterworth Clocks, Inc ...... 28 Always prompt payment/ Westport, CT 06880

Members: Better Business Bureau Jewelers Board ofT rade Cas-Ker Co ...... inside back cover Roo Fried, President Our 147th Consecutive Ad

Esslinger & Co .... inside front cover ANYTIIlNG ILLINOIS Want to buy Illinois wristwatches, dials, movements and cases (complete or parts) in any condition for avid private collector. Please call 800-421-1968, Eveready Battery Company .. 24, 25 x5520, Fax 714-725-9787 or mail to Fred Friedberg, c/o TAMS, P.O. Box 2068, Tustin, CA 92681-2068.

WATCH MATERIAL DISTRIBUTORS Grobet USA-Vigor ...... 17 We pay 97% of market for karat gold scrap (any Please call us if you are interested amount)! Also, buy filings, gold fill, sweeps, silver, platinum! Immediate 24-hour payment return mail! in selling your business. Ship insured/registered mail to: AMERICAN MET­ All replies confidential. ALS COMPANY, 253 King St., Dept. HT, Char­ Contact Pat Cassedy S. LaRose, Inc ...... 11 leston, SC 29401. Established 1960. Phone (803) 722-2073. Cas-Ker Co. (513) 241-7073 Livesay's, Inc. ·· ·······················-···· 21 WOULD LIKE TO BUY: Used watches, move­ WANTED: Paying high prices for chronograph and ments, materials, cleaning, and timing machines, high grade watches, movements, dials, cases, & etc. Mayo's Repair Services, (904) 389-2019. parts. Dean Samelle, 25 W. Beverley St., Staunton, VA 24401, phone & fax (540) 885-6064. McCaw Company, William S ...... 3

Tired of fixing one watch a month? Got a basement full of stuff you'll never use again? I'll buy your old Newall Manufacturing, Inc ...... 23 WANTED movements, cases, dials, crystals, etc. I also buy working watches. I'll even pay the shipping costs or GOLD FILLED SCRAP travel to you. Call Mike Bailey at (847) 741-1289 or SILVER, GOLD, PLATINUM write P.O. Box 531, Elgin, IL 60121. Smith Supply House ...... 19 WORN OR BROKEN WRIST & POCKET WATCH CASES FOAMING NEW Twin City Supply ...... 29 •WATCH BANDS (GF & GP) •CHAINS• LOCKETS•BRACELETS•EYEGLASSES AWi CHAPTERS NO ASSAY or RIFININQ COIT United Tool & Material Co ...... 23 NO MINIMUM AMOUNT AWi members can greatly DAILY QUOTH - FAIT PAYllllNT RICllNT PlllCU benefit from belonging to a local WATCHBANDS .....•.....••.•. $1211..B. chapter or guild. '/ 12K Vibrograf U.S .A. Corp ...... 31 20 G.F...... $7711.B. 20 YR. P.W. CASES ...•.•... $100/LB. If you are interested in GF SPECIALITIES, LTD. establishing a group in your area P.O. Box 17216 • MilwalMe, WI 53217 Witschi Electronics USA Ltd ...... 13 t-800-351-6928 •IRV BARD contact Mon • Fri 1o · 4 Cenlral Time - 30 Y••111 of EJtpen.nc. - AWi CENTRAL (513) 367-9800 Zantech ...... 7 48 HOROLOGICAL TIMES Our 1Ve1111 Assort111ents Provide the Cro1111ns You Need at Unbeatable Prices!

CK-90 Dustproof Assortment Assortment CK-90 contains 1 each yellow and white Assortment CK-91 contains 1 each yellow and white dustproof crowns, 12 numbers, 24 pcs. total. s141s waterproof crowns, 36 numbers, 72 pcs. total. $'J995 CK-90 Dustproof Crown Asst, 24 pcs ...... CK-91 Waterproof Crown Asst, 72pcs ...... ~ Refills ...... $2.75ea $5.5513 $9.00/6 :1 5.00/12 Refills ...... $2.75ea $5.55/ $9.00/6 5.00/12

-- $66.00 Value if $198.00 Value if Bought Individually Bought Individually Assortment CK-90 contains 1 each yellow and white Assortment CK-91 contains 1 each yellow and white dustproof crowns in these sizes: crowns in these sizes: Post Post Post Post Btl O.D. Q_pen Ta ·-Lngth Thick Btl O.D. Open Ta e__l_ngth Thick Btl O.D. Tap Length Thick Btl O.D. Ta e._ Length Thick I -- 1 3.0 1.50 12 Flush 1.60 19 3.5 1.60 10 + 1.00 1.60 1 2.8 13 0.65 1.35 7 3.0 12 1.25 1.30 2 3.0 1.50 13 Flush 1.60 20 3.5 1.60 11 + 1.00 1.60 2 3.0 10 0.50 1.30 8 3.5 10 0.65 1.30 3 3.0 1.60 10 -0.10 1.60 21 3.5 1.60 12 + 1.00 1.60 3 3.0 11 0.50 1.30 9 3.5 11 0.65 1.30 4 3.0 1.60 11 - 0.10 1.60 22 3.5 1.80 10 Flush 1.95 4 3.0 12 0.50 1.30 10 3.5 12 0.65 1.30 5 3.0 1.60 12 - 0.10 1.60 23 3.5 1.80 10 Flush 1.95 5 3.0 10 1.25 1.30 11 4.0 10 0.65 1.70 6 3.0 1.60 13 - 0.10 1.60 24 3.5 1.80 12 Flush 1.95 6 3.0 11 1.25 1.30 12 4.0 11 0.65 1.70 7 3.0 1.60 10 - 0.10 1.95 25 3.5 2.00 10 Flush 2.00 8 3.0 1.60 11 -0.10 1.95 26 3.5 2.00 11 Flush 2.00 "Satisfaction Guaranteed 9 3.0 1.60 12 -0.10 1.95 27 3.5 2.00 12 Flush 2.00 10 3.0 1.60 10 + 1.00 1.60 28 3.5 2.00 10 -0.10 2.10 or Your Money Back" 11 3.0 1.60 11 + 1.00 1.60 29 3.5 2.00 11 - 0.10 2.10 12 3.0 1.60 12 + 1.00 1.60 30 3.5 2.00 12 - 0.10 2.10 You can buy from cas-Ker with confidence, 13 3.5 1.60 11 - 0.15 1.95 31 3.5 2.00 10 +--- 0.50 2.00 14 3.5 1.60 11 - 0.15 1.95 32 3.5 2.00 11 + 0.50 2.00 knowing that if you are not satisfied with your 15 3.5 1.60 12 - 0.15 1.95 33 3.5 2.00 12 + 0.50 2.00 order when it arrives, you can return it for a 16 3.5 1.60 10 + 0.50 2.00 34 4.0 2.00 10 - 0.10 2.50 prompt exchange or refund. 17 3.5 1.60 11 +a.so 2.00 35 4.0 2.00 11 - 0.10 2.00 18 3.5 1.60 12 + 0.50 2.00 36 4.0 2.00 12 - 0.10 2.00

2121 SPRING GROVE AVE PO BOX 14069 Cas·~&rJCo. CINCINNATI OH 45250-0069 CALL TODAY 1•800•487•0408 FAX 1-800-487-5848 AWi Bench Courses AWi Project Extend To register for these courses, please send your Bench Course registration and AWi's continuing Education Program offers one-week and two-week classes fee to: AWi Central, 701 Enterprise Drive, Harrison, OH 45030. PLEASE in various phases of watch & clock repair techniques. Work alongside recog­ NOTE: Registrations are limited and will be selected by the eartiest postmarks. nized leaders in the field of horology. See how they handle the everyday You may register by fax if you wish; if so, please include your Visa or situations we all encounter. All Project Extend classes are held in AWi's train­ Mastercard number, card expiration date, signature, and phone number. ing rooms in Harrison, Ohio. Call or write for information and details for the Registrations cannot be taken by phone. All registration fee checks and classes that interest you! Registration deadline is 30 days prior to class. AWi charges are processed immediately upon receipt. Registration deadline is 30 Central, 701 Enterprise Dr., Harrison, OH 45030; Phone (513) 367-9800, dayspriortoclass. FAX(513)367-1414 • PHONE(513)367-9800 Fax(513)367-1414 * Indicates Bench Courses held in conjunction with a convention. PROJECT EXTEND CLOCK CLASSES DATE CLASS LOCATION DATE CLASS FEE INSTRUCTOR FEE INSTRUCTOR

JULY 1997 SEPTEMBER 1997 12-13 Advanced Pocket Watches Orange County, CA 8-12 Introduction to Clock Repair $250.00 Alice B. Carpenter $100.00 Jim LaChapelle 19-20 Repair of the Atmos Clock Grand Junction, CO 15-19 Chiming & Striking Mechanisms $250.00 Gerald G. Jaeger $100.00 Buddy Carpenter 26-27 400-Day Clock Repair Dallas, TX 22-26 French Clock Repair $250.00 Ron Iverson $100.00 Ron Iverson

AUGUST1997 OCTOBER 1997 6-10 Clock Case Repair 15 Introduction to Watch/Clockmakers Lathe* Austin, TX $250.00 James Williams Roy Hovey $62.00 13-17 Antique Clock Restoration $250.00 16-17 Hairspring Vibrating Orange County, CA David Christianson Joseph L. Cerullo $100.00 20-24 Clock Escapements 23-24 Repair of the Atmos Clock $250.00 Winsor, Ontario Jerry Faier Gerald G. Jaeger $100.00 27-31 Organize Your Work Habits for Success $250.00 Robert Ockenden SEPTEMBER 1997 5-7 Repair of the Bulova Accutron* Johnstown, PA NOVEMBER 1997 Henry Frystak $162.00 3-7 Advanced Cuckoo Clock Repair $250.00 12-15 Phase IV-B - Wheel Cutting Operations Charlotte , NC James Williams for the Watch/Clockmaker - Roy Hovey $380.00 10-14 Clock Repair Operations $250.00 19-20 Hairspring Vibrating* Effingham, IL David Carlson James E. Lubic $100.00 17-21 Wooden Clock Movement $250.00 20-21 Repair of the Atmos Clock San Jose, CA David Christianson Gerald G. Jaeger $100.00 25-26 Basic Lathe Operations* Ocala, FL Roy Hovey $112.00 PROJECT EXTEND WATCH CLASSES 27-28 Hairspring Vibrating Grand Junction, CO DATE CLASS FEE Joseph L. Cerullo $100.00 INSTRUCTOR

OCTOBER 1997 AUGUST 1997 4-8 Machine Shop Practices 2-3 Repair of the Atmos Clock* $250.00 Waterloo, NY Tim Schlotter Gerald G. Jaeger $100.00 18-30 Lathe Operations for Watch/Clockmaker (12 days) $780.00 17 Clock Barrel & Wheel Repair* Eagan, MN Roy Hovey Ron Iverson $50.00 19-20 Micro Milling (Rack & Snail)* Eagan, MN SEPTEMBER 1997 Roy Hovey $125.00 8-12 Introduction to the Watch Movement $250.00 James E. Lubic NOVEMBER 1997 15-19 Watch Cases, Bands & Crystals $250.00 7-10 Phase I - Lathe Program Orange County, CA David Christianson Roy Hovey $290.00 22-25 Basic Jewelry & Watch Case Repair $200.00 14-16 Advanced Clock Repair Sacramento, CA Marshall F. Richmond Ron Iverson $150.00 26-27 Watch Case Finishing $100.00 15-16 Repair of the Atmos Clock Phoenix, ,,;z. Dennis Warner Gerald G. Jaeger $100.00 OCTOBER 1997 JANUARY 1998 6-10 Time Train, Dial Train & Friction Jeweling $250.00 23-26 Phase II - Lathe Program Orange County, CA James E. Lubic Roy Hovey $200.00 27-31 Adjusting &Repairing the lever Escapement $250.00 James E. Lubic FEBRUARV 1998 27-March 2 Phase Ill - Lathe Program Orange County, CA NOVEMBER 1997 Roy Hovey $200.00 10-14 Balance Assembly, Staffing, Truing & Poising $250.00 James E. Lubic