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Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini: Brachysternina) University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Papers in Entomology Museum, University of Nebraska State September 2002 REVISION OF THE SOUTH AMERICAN GENUS BRACHYSTERNUS Guérin-Méneville (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE: RUTELINAE: ANOPLOGNATHINI: BRACHYSTERNINA) Mary Liz Jameson University of Nebraska State Museum, [email protected] Andrew Smith University of Nebraska State Museum, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/entomologypapers Part of the Entomology Commons Jameson, Mary Liz and Smith, Andrew, "REVISION OF THE SOUTH AMERICAN GENUS BRACHYSTERNUS Guérin-Méneville (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE: RUTELINAE: ANOPLOGNATHINI: BRACHYSTERNINA)" (2002). Papers in Entomology. 19. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/entomologypapers/19 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Museum, University of Nebraska State at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Papers in Entomology by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. The Coleopterists Bulletin, 56(3):321±366. 2002. REVISION OF THE SOUTH AMERICAN GENUS BRACHYSTERNUS GUE RIN-ME NEVILLE (COLEOPTERA:SCARABAEIDAE:RUTELINAE: ANOPLOGNATHINI:BRACHYSTERNINA) MARY LIZ JAMESON AND ANDREW B. T. SMITH W-436 Nebraska Hall University of Nebraska State Museum Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0514 U.S.A. [email protected], [email protected] Abstract The southern South American genus Brachysternus GueÂrin-MeÂneville is revised and now includes seven species: B. angustus (Philippi and Philippi), B. germaini (Ohaus) new combination, B. marginatus Germain, B. olivaceus Philippi and Phi- lippi, B. patagoniensis Jameson and Smith new species, B. prasinus GueÂrin-MeÂne- ville, and B. spectabilis Erichson. The following species names are new synonyms of B. prasinus: B. vicinus GueÂrin-MeÂneville, B. sinuatifrons Germain, B. pubescens Germain, B. viridis Germain, B. dilatatus Germain, B. viridipes Ohaus, and B. hirtus Ohaus. The following species names are new synonyms of B. olivaceus: B. chloris Philippi and Philippi, B. riverae Germain, B. herbaceus Germain, and B. araucanicus Ohaus. The following names were incorrect: ``B. viridis GueÂrin-MeÂneville'' (lapsus calami), ``B. viridis Laporte'' (lapsus calami), ``B. viridis Solier'' (incorrect author), and ``B. fulvescens Germain'' (misapplication). Lectotypes are designated for the following names: B. araucanicus Ohaus, B. chloris Philippi and Philippi, B. dilitatus Germain, B. fulvipes GueÂrin-MeÂneville, B. hirtus Ohaus, B. marginatus Germain, B. obscurus Philippi and Philippi, B. olivaceus Philippi and Philippi, B. philippii Ger- main, B. pubescens Germain, B. riverae Germain, B. spectabilis Erichson, B. vicinus GueÂrin-MeÂneville, B. viridipes Ohaus, and B. viridis Germain. Neotypes are desig- nated for B. germaini (Ohaus) and B. prasinus GueÂrin-MeÂneville. Keys to adults, diagnostic characters, descriptions, and distributions are presented. ResuÂmen Se revisoÂelgeÂnero Brachysternus GueÂrin-MeÂneville. Este geÂnero, presente al sur de SudameÂrica, ahora incluye siete especies: B. angustus (Philippi y Philippi), B. germaini (Ohaus) nueva combinacioÂn, B. marginatus Germain, B. olivaceus Philippi y Philippi, B. patagoniensis Jameson y Smith nueva especie, B. prasinus GueÂrin-MeÂneville, y B. spectabilis Erichson. Las siguientes especies son nuevos sinoÂnimos de B. prasinus: B. vicinus GueÂrin-MeÂneville, B. sinuatifrons Germain, B. pubescens Germain, B. viridis Germain, B. dilatatus Germain, B. araucanicus Ohaus, B. viridipes Ohaus, y B. hirtus Ohaus. Los siguientes nombres son nuevos sinoÂnimos de B. olivaceus: B. chloris Philippi y Philippi, B. riverae Germain, B. herbaceus Germain, y B. araucanicus Ohaus. Se encontro que los siguientes nombres son incorrectos: ``B. viridis GueÂrin-MeÂneville'' (lap- sus calami), ``B. viridis Laporte'' (lapsus calami), ``B. viridis Solier'' (autor incorrecto), y``B. fulvescens Germain'' (nombre aplicado incorrectamente). Se designaron lectotipos para los siguientes nombres: B. araucanicus Ohaus, B. chloris Philippi y Philippi, B. dilitatus Germain, B. fulvipes GueÂrin-MeÂneville, B. hirtus Ohaus, B. marginatus Ger- main, B. obscurus Philippi y Philippi, B. olivaceus Philippi y Philippi, B. philippii Ger- main, B. pubescens Germain, B. riverae Germain, B. spectabilis Erichson, B. vicinus GueÂrin-MeÂneville, B. viridipes Ohaus, y B. viridis Germain. Se designaron neotipos para B. germaini (Ohaus) y B. prasinus GueÂrin-MeÂneville. En este estudio se presentan claves para la identi®cacioÂn de adultos, caracteres diagnoÂstico, descripciones y distribuciones. 321 322 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 56(3), 2002 Species in the genus Brachysternus GueÂrin-MeÂneville are distinctive mem- bers of the scarab subfamily Rutelinae. These bright green, moderately sized (about 2 centimeters) scarabs are commonly observed feeding on Nothofagus (Nothofagaceae) trees or congregating at lights at night in mid-elevation forests in southern South America. In Chile, the common name for this insect is ``pololos'' (beetles), ``pololos verdes'' (green beetles), ``San Juanes,'' and ``San Juanitos.'' Although members of the genus are distinctive, no reliable source has been available for identi®cation of the species. This research pro- vides a revision of species in the genus and discusses the taxonomic history and distribution of the group. Since the description of the ®rst species in the genus Brachysternus,24 species or subspecies have been included in a genus that, based on our work, includes only seven valid species. This over description of species was brought about due to several factors: 1) lack of communication between concurrent ruteline workers, 2) high intraspeci®c variation, 3) poor characterization of the species and of related genera that led to taxonomic confusion, 4) paucity of specimens for examination that led to a narrow characterization of species, 5) and a series of taxonomic mistakes that were compounded over 150 years. The genus Brachysternus is characterized by the following: 1) labrum pro- duced vertically with respect to the clypeus, 2) mentum at the apex with a narrow, median process (Fig. 3), 3) elytral margin with a membranous border (Fig. 9), 4) apex of the protibia lacking an apicomedial spur (Fig. 8), 5) male genitalia with well developed ventral and lateral sclerites (Figs. 28±34), 6) last abdominal sternite of the female moderately or deeply emarginate (Figs. 12± 13), and 7) generally green or greenish dorsal coloration. The genus is a mem- ber of the monophyletic subtribe Brachysternina (tribe Anoplognathini) (see Smith 2002). Although we have demonstrated that the Brachysternina is a monophyletic group, we believe that phylogenetic analyses at the tribal level are needed to address relationships among the orthochilous rutelines: Spo- dochlamyini, Geniatini, Anoplognathini, and Adoretini. As a result of our con- tinuing studies with the Rutelinae, we have discovered many shared characters between the Geniatini and Anoplognathini. Generally, the Geniatini possess expanded and dorsoventrally ¯attened tarsomeres (see Jameson [1990] for a key to tribes of Rutelinae) which separates them from the Anoplognathini. However, some taxa within these groups cannot be separated using this char- acter. For example, Geniatosoma Costa Lima (Geniatini) lacks expanded and ¯attened tarsomeres, and Mimadoretus Arrow (Anoplognathini) possesses slightly expanded and ¯attened tarsomeres. Results of phylogenetic analyses of the orthochilous rutelines may substantially revise our understanding of ruteline evolution and biogeography. This paper is the ®rst in a series of three in this issue of The Coleopterists Bulletin that revises the subtribe Brachysternina. The second part is a synopsis of Hylamorpha by Ratcliffe and Ocampo (2002). The third part is a revision of Aulacopalpus and phylogeny, biogeography, key to genera, and catalog of the Brachysternina by Smith (2002). Taxonomic History of the Genus Brachysternus GueÂrin-MeÂneville named Brachysternus for its short (brachy-) mesosternum (-sternus) which is not produced beyond the apex of the mesocoxae. The genus was established in 1831 by GueÂrin-MeÂneville in the Atlas of the ``Voyage Autour du Monde. La Coquille'' (date veri®ed by Sherborn and Woodward THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 56(3), 2002 323 Fig. 1. Dorsal habitus of Brachysternus prasinus GueÂrin-MeÂneville, female. 324 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 56(3), 2002 Table 1. The usage of the speci®c epithet ``viridis'' in the Brachysternina. Species name and attributed author Nomenclatural status Accepted name and previous usage Aulacopalpus viridis GueÂrin- valid name 5A. viridis GueÂrin-MeÂneville MeÂneville, 1838 See Smith 2002 for a full account of this taxon. Aulacopalpus viridis Burmeister, lapsus calami, unavailable 5Hylamorpha elegans (Burmeister) 1844 name Arrow (1899) mistakenly used this name when transferring the name Aulacopalpus elegans to Hylamorpha. Hylamorpha viridis (Burmeister, lapsus calami, unavailable 5Hylamorpha elegans (Burmeister) 1844) name Machatschke (1972) erroneously used the name as the type species for Hylamorpha. Brachysternus viridis GueÂrin- lapsus calami, unavailable 5B. prasinus GueÂrin-MeÂneville MeÂneville, 1831 name First used mistakenly by Laporte (1840) who intended to redescribe B. prasinus. Brachysternus viridis Laporte, 1840 lapsus calami, unavailable 5B. prasinus GueÂrin-MeÂneville name First used by Ohaus (1918)
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