DOCSLIB.ORG

A Systematic Revision of the Viola Pedatifida Group and Evidence for the Recognition

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Systematic Revision of the Viola Pedatifida Group and Evidence for the Recognition A Systematic Revision of the Viola pedatifida Group and Evidence for the Recognition of Viola virginiana, a New Narrow Endemic of the Virginia Shale Barrens A thesis presented to the faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science Bethany A. Zumwalde August 2015 © 2015 Bethany A. Zumwalde. All Rights Reserved 2 This thesis titled A Systematic Revision of the Viola pedatifida Group and Evidence for the Recognition of Viola virginiana, a New Narrow Endemic of the Virginia Shale Barrens by BETHANY A. ZUMWALDE has been approved for the Department of Environmental and Plant Biology and the College of Arts and Sciences by Harvey E. Ballard, Jr. Associate Professor of Environmental and Plant Biology Robert Frank Dean, College of Arts and Sciences 3 ABSTRACT ZUMWALDE, BETHANY A., M.S., August 2015, Environmental and Plant Biology A Systematic Revision of the Viola pedatifida Group and Evidence for the Recognition of Viola virginiana, a New Narrow Endemic of the Virginia Shale Barrens Director of Thesis: Harvey E. Ballard, Jr. The genus Viola (Violaceae) encompasses 1,000-1,100 species and includes one of the largest North American groups, the "acaulescent blue" violets (subsection Boreali- Americanae). In the subsection, the Viola pedatifida species group is distinctive in producing only divided leaf blades. Presently the group consists of Viola pedatifida G. Don., Viola brittoniana Pollard, and Viola subsinuata (Greene) Greene. Recent fieldwork in the mountains of Virginia suggested that disjunct populations of V. pedatifida were different than Midwestern populations. Macromorphological, micromorphological, genetic, and ecological data were analyzed to compare taxa. Phenetic analyses of leaf, flower, cleistogamous capsule and seed variables and scanning electron microscopic examinations of seed coats and petal trichomes distinguished four species. Genetic studies using four microsatellite loci and microhabitat data indicated genetic and ecological differentiation among the four species. All evidence support recognition of the Virginia violet as a narrowly endemic species, Viola virginiana Zumwalde & H. E. Ballard. 4 DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to my sister, Amanda Huff 5 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to express my appreciation to my advisor, Dr. Harvey Ballard, for his infinite support, advice, and scientific expertise. I would also like to thank my committee members, Drs. Morgan Vis and David Rosenthal, for their assistance and valuable input. I would like to especially recognize Benjamin Gahagen for his helpful guidance and direction on many fronts of my graduate work. Thank you to Harlan Svoboda for his endless support, nomenclatural expertise, and all of his assistance in the micromorphological section of my research. I would like to recognize Dr. Martin Kordesch and the Department of Physics at Ohio University for granting me access to use their scanning electron microscope and materials. I thank Ohio University and the Graduate Student Senate at Ohio University for providing funding for my research. I would like to recognize and thank those who have contributed their various time and efforts to my research: Donnie Day, Toddrick Roth, Chris Benson, Bailey Hunter, David Robson, Colin Kruse, Anne Sternberger, Alexander Meyers, and Erik Anderson. Also, thank you to John Townsend for his collaboration, monitoring of the new species, and for granting me access and use of pictures. Thank you to Tom Wieboldt, Otto Gockman, Steve Young, Craig Freeman, and Irvine Wilson for sending specimens for ecological and molecular analyses. Additional thanks to the Missouri Botanical Garden (MO), Smithsonian Institution (US), New York Botanical Garden (NY), Harvard University (GH), and the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (VPI) for providing herbarium specimens. 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Abstract ............................................................................................................................... 3 Dedication ........................................................................................................................... 4 Acknowledgments............................................................................................................... 5 List of Tables ...................................................................................................................... 8 List of Figures ..................................................................................................................... 9 Chapter 1: Introduction ..................................................................................................... 10 Taxonomic History of the Viola pedatifida Group ....................................................... 13 A New Endemic Species ............................................................................................... 18 Objectives ..................................................................................................................... 20 Chapter 2: Macromorphological phenetic studies ............................................................ 22 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 22 Methods ........................................................................................................................ 22 Results ........................................................................................................................... 26 Leaf Character Analyses ........................................................................................... 26 Floral Character Analyses ......................................................................................... 27 Cleistogamous Capsule and Seed Character Analysis .............................................. 28 Univariate Analyses .................................................................................................. 28 Discussion ..................................................................................................................... 29 Chapter 3: Micromorphological Study ............................................................................. 44 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 44 Methods ........................................................................................................................ 45 Results and Discussion ................................................................................................. 49 Chapter 4: Genetic Study .................................................................................................. 59 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 59 Methods ........................................................................................................................ 60 Results and Discussion ................................................................................................. 63 Chapter 5: Ecological Study ............................................................................................. 68 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 68 7 Methods ........................................................................................................................ 69 Results and Discussion ................................................................................................. 70 Biogeography and Habitat Descriptions ....................................................................... 71 V. brittoniana ............................................................................................................ 71 V. pedatifida .............................................................................................................. 73 V. subsinuata ............................................................................................................. 74 V. virginiana ............................................................................................................. 76 Chapter 6: Taxonomic Revision ....................................................................................... 79 Key to Species of the Viola pedatifida Group .............................................................. 79 Descriptions of the Taxa ............................................................................................... 81 References ......................................................................................................................... 92 Appendix 1: Additional Macromorphological Traits Examined ...................................... 97 Appendix 2: Specimens Examined ................................................................................... 98 Appendix 3: Raw Presence/ Absence (0/1) Data Matrix of Alleles ............................... 110 8 LIST OF TABLES Table 1. A comparison of the major treatments of the V. pedatifida group ..................... 17 Table 2. Variables used in statistical and phenetic analyses ............................................. 25 Table 3. Variable-variate correlation of leaf matrix data .................................................. 33 Table 4. Variable-variate correlation of leaf matrix data following step-wise removal
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Natural Heritage Program List of Rare Plant Species of North Carolina 2016
    Natural Heritage Program List of Rare Plant Species of North Carolina 2016 Revised February 24, 2017 Compiled by Laura Gadd Robinson, Botanist John T. Finnegan, Information Systems Manager North Carolina Natural Heritage Program N.C. Department of Natural and Cultural Resources Raleigh, NC 27699-1651 www.ncnhp.org C ur Alleghany rit Ashe Northampton Gates C uc Surry am k Stokes P d Rockingham Caswell Person Vance Warren a e P s n Hertford e qu Chowan r Granville q ot ui a Mountains Watauga Halifax m nk an Wilkes Yadkin s Mitchell Avery Forsyth Orange Guilford Franklin Bertie Alamance Durham Nash Yancey Alexander Madison Caldwell Davie Edgecombe Washington Tyrrell Iredell Martin Dare Burke Davidson Wake McDowell Randolph Chatham Wilson Buncombe Catawba Rowan Beaufort Haywood Pitt Swain Hyde Lee Lincoln Greene Rutherford Johnston Graham Henderson Jackson Cabarrus Montgomery Harnett Cleveland Wayne Polk Gaston Stanly Cherokee Macon Transylvania Lenoir Mecklenburg Moore Clay Pamlico Hoke Union d Cumberland Jones Anson on Sampson hm Duplin ic Craven Piedmont R nd tla Onslow Carteret co S Robeson Bladen Pender Sandhills Columbus New Hanover Tidewater Coastal Plain Brunswick THE COUNTIES AND PHYSIOGRAPHIC PROVINCES OF NORTH CAROLINA Natural Heritage Program List of Rare Plant Species of North Carolina 2016 Compiled by Laura Gadd Robinson, Botanist John T. Finnegan, Information Systems Manager North Carolina Natural Heritage Program N.C. Department of Natural and Cultural Resources Raleigh, NC 27699-1651 www.ncnhp.org This list is dynamic and is revised frequently as new data become available. New species are added to the list, and others are dropped from the list as appropriate.
    [Show full text]
  • Non-Dispersive Phloem-Protein Bodies (Npbs) of Populus Trichocarpa Consist of a SEOR Protein and Do Not Respond to Cell Wounding and Ca2+
    Non-dispersive phloem-protein bodies (NPBs) of Populus trichocarpa consist of a SEOR protein and do not respond to cell wounding and Ca2+ Daniel L. Mullendore1, Timothy Ross-Elliott2, Yan Liu1, Hanjo H. Hellmann1, Eric H. Roalson1, Winfried S. Peters1 and Michael Knoblauch1 1 School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA 2 Biology Department, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA ABSTRACT Differentiating sieve elements in the phloem of angiosperms produce abundant phloem-specific proteins before their protein synthesis machinery is degraded. These P-proteins initially form dense bodies, which disperse into individual filaments when the sieve element matures. In some cases, however, the dense protein agglomerations remain intact and are visible in functional sieve tubes as non- dispersive P-protein bodies, or NPBs. Species exhibiting NPBs are distributed across the entire angiosperm clade. We found that NPBs in the model tree, Populus trichocarpa, resemble the protein bodies described from other species of the order Malpighiales as they all consist of coaligned tubular fibrils bundled in hexagonal symmetry. NPBs of all Malpighiales tested proved unresponsive to sieve tube wounding and Ca2+. The P. trichocarpa NPBs consisted of a protein encoded by a gene that in the genome database of this species had been annotated as a homolog of SEOR1 (sieve element occlusion-related 1) in Arabidopsis. Sequencing of the gene in our plants corroborated this interpretation, and we named the gene PtSEOR1. Previously characterized SEOR proteins form irregular masses of P-protein slime in Submitted 19 February 2018 functional sieve tubes. We conclude that a subgroup of these proteins is involved Accepted 4 April 2018 in the formation of NPBs at least in the Malpighiales, and that these protein bodies Published 17 April 2018 have no role in rapid wound responses of the sieve tube network.
    [Show full text]
  • How to Identify New Brunswick Violets
    How to Identify New Brunswick Violets Sponsored by the New Brunswick Botany Club Introduction : Violets are always exciting to find while walking in the field in early summer. They are so easy to identify as to their genus. However, most people will stop there, because they are not easy to identify at the species level - many minute characteristics must be examined...and they easily form difficult to describe hybrids. Approached in the right mix of adventurousness and humility, sorting out violets can be fun. However, should efforts end in exasperation, just keep in mind that the violets never read the botany books. (Choukas-Bradley 2004). In order to correctly identify violets the following features must be examined : these are stems, leaves and flowers. Above-ground stems are : a) acaulescent (stemless) b) caulescent (stemmed) In acaulescent species the rhizomes or stolons gives rise to a crown of basal leaves and flowers. Care should be taken to assess the position of leaves since some species (i.e. Viola adunca and Viola labradorica - caulescent species) may have very short (less than 1 cm) stems at flowering and may appear acaulescent. Below-ground stems are : a) slender rhizome b) stout rhizome c) taproot Rhizomes are slender (mostly 1 to 3 mm thick) and travel horizontally underground, or stout (mostly 4 to 6 mm thick) and are usually oriented vertically underground - these are the perennials. Annuals have a vertical, fibrous root known as a taproot. To evaluate a slender versus a stout rhizome in the field, just place your thumb and index vertically around the base of a plant, near the soil.
    [Show full text]
  • Natural Heritage Program List of Rare Plant Species of North Carolina 2012
    Natural Heritage Program List of Rare Plant Species of North Carolina 2012 Edited by Laura E. Gadd, Botanist John T. Finnegan, Information Systems Manager North Carolina Natural Heritage Program Office of Conservation, Planning, and Community Affairs N.C. Department of Environment and Natural Resources 1601 MSC, Raleigh, NC 27699-1601 Natural Heritage Program List of Rare Plant Species of North Carolina 2012 Edited by Laura E. Gadd, Botanist John T. Finnegan, Information Systems Manager North Carolina Natural Heritage Program Office of Conservation, Planning, and Community Affairs N.C. Department of Environment and Natural Resources 1601 MSC, Raleigh, NC 27699-1601 www.ncnhp.org NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2012 Edition Edited by Laura E. Gadd, Botanist and John Finnegan, Information Systems Manager North Carolina Natural Heritage Program, Office of Conservation, Planning, and Community Affairs Department of Environment and Natural Resources, 1601 MSC, Raleigh, NC 27699-1601 www.ncnhp.org Table of Contents LIST FORMAT ......................................................................................................................................................................... 3 NORTH CAROLINA RARE PLANT LIST ......................................................................................................................... 10 NORTH CAROLINA PLANT WATCH LIST ..................................................................................................................... 71 Watch Category
    [Show full text]
  • INDEX for 2011 HERBALPEDIA Abelmoschus Moschatus—Ambrette Seed Abies Alba—Fir, Silver Abies Balsamea—Fir, Balsam Abies
    INDEX FOR 2011 HERBALPEDIA Acer palmatum—Maple, Japanese Acer pensylvanicum- Moosewood Acer rubrum—Maple, Red Abelmoschus moschatus—Ambrette seed Acer saccharinum—Maple, Silver Abies alba—Fir, Silver Acer spicatum—Maple, Mountain Abies balsamea—Fir, Balsam Acer tataricum—Maple, Tatarian Abies cephalonica—Fir, Greek Achillea ageratum—Yarrow, Sweet Abies fraseri—Fir, Fraser Achillea coarctata—Yarrow, Yellow Abies magnifica—Fir, California Red Achillea millefolium--Yarrow Abies mariana – Spruce, Black Achillea erba-rotta moschata—Yarrow, Musk Abies religiosa—Fir, Sacred Achillea moschata—Yarrow, Musk Abies sachalinensis—Fir, Japanese Achillea ptarmica - Sneezewort Abies spectabilis—Fir, Himalayan Achyranthes aspera—Devil’s Horsewhip Abronia fragrans – Sand Verbena Achyranthes bidentata-- Huai Niu Xi Abronia latifolia –Sand Verbena, Yellow Achyrocline satureoides--Macela Abrus precatorius--Jequirity Acinos alpinus – Calamint, Mountain Abutilon indicum----Mallow, Indian Acinos arvensis – Basil Thyme Abutilon trisulcatum- Mallow, Anglestem Aconitum carmichaeli—Monkshood, Azure Indian Aconitum delphinifolium—Monkshood, Acacia aneura--Mulga Larkspur Leaf Acacia arabica—Acacia Bark Aconitum falconeri—Aconite, Indian Acacia armata –Kangaroo Thorn Aconitum heterophyllum—Indian Atees Acacia catechu—Black Catechu Aconitum napellus—Aconite Acacia caven –Roman Cassie Aconitum uncinatum - Monkshood Acacia cornigera--Cockspur Aconitum vulparia - Wolfsbane Acacia dealbata--Mimosa Acorus americanus--Calamus Acacia decurrens—Acacia Bark Acorus calamus--Calamus
    [Show full text]
  • Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Georgia, Working Draft of 17 March 2004 -- BIBLIOGRAPHY
    Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Georgia, Working Draft of 17 March 2004 -- BIBLIOGRAPHY BIBLIOGRAPHY Ackerfield, J., and J. Wen. 2002. A morphometric analysis of Hedera L. (the ivy genus, Araliaceae) and its taxonomic implications. Adansonia 24: 197-212. Adams, P. 1961. Observations on the Sagittaria subulata complex. Rhodora 63: 247-265. Adams, R.M. II, and W.J. Dress. 1982. Nodding Lilium species of eastern North America (Liliaceae). Baileya 21: 165-188. Adams, R.P. 1986. Geographic variation in Juniperus silicicola and J. virginiana of the Southeastern United States: multivariant analyses of morphology and terpenoids. Taxon 35: 31-75. ------. 1995. Revisionary study of Caribbean species of Juniperus (Cupressaceae). Phytologia 78: 134-150. ------, and T. Demeke. 1993. Systematic relationships in Juniperus based on random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs). Taxon 42: 553-571. Adams, W.P. 1957. A revision of the genus Ascyrum (Hypericaceae). Rhodora 59: 73-95. ------. 1962. Studies in the Guttiferae. I. A synopsis of Hypericum section Myriandra. Contr. Gray Herbarium Harv. 182: 1-51. ------, and N.K.B. Robson. 1961. A re-evaluation of the generic status of Ascyrum and Crookea (Guttiferae). Rhodora 63: 10-16. Adams, W.P. 1973. Clusiaceae of the southeastern United States. J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 89: 62-71. Adler, L. 1999. Polygonum perfoliatum (mile-a-minute weed). Chinquapin 7: 4. Aedo, C., J.J. Aldasoro, and C. Navarro. 1998. Taxonomic revision of Geranium sections Batrachioidea and Divaricata (Geraniaceae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 85: 594-630. Affolter, J.M. 1985. A monograph of the genus Lilaeopsis (Umbelliferae). Systematic Bot. Monographs 6. Ahles, H.E., and A.E.
    [Show full text]
  • BWSR Featured Plant: Downy Yellow Violet
    2019 June Plant of the Month BWSR Featured Plant Name: Downy yellow violet (Viola pubescens) Plant family: Violet (Violaceae) Downy yellow Downy yellow violet, AKA hairy yellow violets are an important early violet or smooth yellow violet, is food source for a short (4- to 12-inch-tall), native, pollinators. Fine hairs along the herbaceous perennial that blooms in rounded teeth woodlands, gardens edge of the leaf are a distinguishing and shady areas Plant Stats feature. Brown lines starting in April. It STATEWIDE on the flower petals provides an early lead pollinators to WETLAND nectar and pollen. splash of color and INDICATOR Photo Credits: important early STATUS: FACU Heather Holm season nectar and PRIMARY USES: pollen. Like other Ground cover, shade/pollinator Viola species, this gardens, edibles, plant produces both woodland showy, open cross- restorations pollinating flowers at the top of the plant, and fully closed, self-pollinating flowers that may be found aboveground or underground. The showy flowers bloom before trees leaf out. The closed flowers bloom once the tree canopy leafs out. Planting Recommendations Range Downy yellow violets and can be used as Downy yellow violet is found may not be as an alternative to turf throughout Minnesota. Records aggressive as some grass, along paths and exist in all but a handful of other violets in a woodland borders, counties. It is mostly found east garden, but will spread and can be mixed with of the Missouri River, with a few over time in ideal other short woodland records west of the Missouri. conditions — part plants such as sedges, Its range stretches into New shade and medium to anemones and wild England and north into central dry soils.
    [Show full text]
  • Flora of New Jersey Project Approved Nomenclature
    FLORA OF NEW JERSEY PROJECT APPROVED NOMENCLATURE FNJP Authority Name: William Olson Date: March 14, 2010 Violaceae – Violet Family New Jersey Violet Family (synonyms as indented) Hybanthus Jacq. Hybanthus concolor (T.F. Forst.) Spreng. Eastern Green-Violet Syn. – Cubelium concolor (T.F. Forst.) Raf. Syn. – Viola concolor T.F. Forst. Viola L. Viola affinis Le Conte - Sand Violet, Le Conte’s Violet Syn. – Viola chalcosperma Brainerd Syn. – Viola rosacea Brainerd Syn. – Viola sororia ssp. affinis (Le Conte) R.J. Little Syn. – Viola sororia var. affinis (Le Conte) McKinney Viola arvensis Murr. - European Field Pansy EXOTIC Syn. – Viola tricolor var. arvensis (Murr.) Boiss. Viola bicolor Pursh - Field Pansy EXOTIC Syn. – Viola kitaibeliana var. rafinesquei Fern. Syn. – Viola kitaibeliana auct. non J.A. Schultes Syn. – Viola rafinesquei Greene Viola blanda Willd. - Sweet White Violet var. blanda var. palustriformis Gray RARE Syn. – Viola incognita Brainerd Syn. – Viola incognita var. forbesii Brainerd THE FLORA OF NEW JERSEY PROJECT IS A VOLUNTEER EFFORT AIMED AT THE PRODUCTION OF A MANUAL TO THE VASCULAR FLORA OF NEW JERSEY. Viola brittoniana Pollard - Northern Coastal Violet RARE var. brittoniana RARE Syn. – Viola pedatifida ssp. brittoniana (Pollard) McKinney var. pectinata (Bickn.) Alexander RARE Syn. – Viola pectinata Bickn. Viola canadensis L. - Canadian White Violet, Canada Violet var. canadensis RARE Syn. – Viola canadensis var. corymbosa Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray Viola cucullata Ait. - Marsh Blue Violet, Marsh Violet Syn. – Viola cucullata var. microtitis Brainerd Syn. – Viola obliqua Hill Viola hirsutula Brainerd - Southern Woodland Violet RARE Viola labradorica Schrank - Alpine Violet, American Dog Violet Syn. – Viola adunca var. minor (Hook.) Fern. Syn. – Viola conspersa Reinchenb.
    [Show full text]
  • New York Natural Heritage Program Rare Plant Status List May 2004 Edited By
    New York Natural Heritage Program Rare Plant Status List May 2004 Edited by: Stephen M. Young and Troy W. Weldy This list is also published at the website: www.nynhp.org For more information, suggestions or comments about this list, please contact: Stephen M. Young, Program Botanist New York Natural Heritage Program 625 Broadway, 5th Floor Albany, NY 12233-4757 518-402-8951 Fax 518-402-8925 E-mail: [email protected] To report sightings of rare species, contact our office or fill out and mail us the Natural Heritage reporting form provided at the end of this publication. The New York Natural Heritage Program is a partnership with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation and by The Nature Conservancy. Major support comes from the NYS Biodiversity Research Institute, the Environmental Protection Fund, and Return a Gift to Wildlife. TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction.......................................................................................................................................... Page ii Why is the list published? What does the list contain? How is the information compiled? How does the list change? Why are plants rare? Why protect rare plants? Explanation of categories.................................................................................................................... Page iv Explanation of Heritage ranks and codes............................................................................................ Page iv Global rank State rank Taxon rank Double ranks Explanation of plant
    [Show full text]
  • Great Basin Silverspot Butterfly (Speyeria Nokomis Nokomis [W.H
    Great Basin Silverspot Butterfly (Speyeria nokomis nokomis [W.H. Edwards]): A Technical Conservation Assessment Prepared for the USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Region, Species Conservation Project April 25, 2007 Gerald Selby Ecological and GIS Services 1410 W. Euclid Ave. Indianola, IA 50125 Peer Review Administered by Society for Conservation Biology Selby, G. (2007, April 25). Great Basin Silverspot Butterfly (Speyeria nokomis nokomis [W.H. Edwards]): a technical conservation assessment. [Online]. USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Region. Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/r2/projects/scp/assessments/greatbasinsilverspotbutterfly.pdf [date of access]. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This assessment was prepared for the Rocky Mountain Region of the USDA Forest Service under contract number 53-82X9-4-0074. I would like to express my appreciation to the USDA Forest Service staff with whom I worked on the project: Richard Vacirca reviewed earlier drafts, Gary Patton provided valuable general oversight for the project and suggested improvements for the final draft, John Sidle reviewed the final draft, Nancy McDonald provided final editorial review of the pre-publication manuscript, and Kimberly Nguyen prepared the manuscript for Web publication. The entire staff, including Richard Braun, the contracting officer, provided the flexibility and contract extensions needed to bring this assessment to final publication. Two anonymous reviewers also provided valuable feedback. Their careful review and editorial input helped to improve the quality of the final product greatly. I would also like to express my appreciation to Natural Heritage Program personnel and other experts (professional and amateur) that took time from their busy schedules to provide information and data needed to complete this assessment.
    [Show full text]
  • Conservation Assessment for Great-Spurred Violet
    United States Department of Agriculture Conservation Assessment Forest Service for Great-spurred Violet Rocky Mountain Region in the Black Hills National Black Hills National Forest, South Dakota and Forest Custer, South Dakota Wyoming April 2003 J.Hope Hornbeck, Carolyn Hull Sieg, and Deanna J. Reyher Species Assessment of Great-spurred Violet in the Black Hills of South Dakota J. Hope Hornbeck, Deanna J. Reyher, and Carolyn Hull Sieg J. Hope Hornbeck is a Botanist with the Black Hills National Forest in Custer, South Dakota. She completed a B.S. in Environmental Biology (botany emphasis) at The University of Montana and a M.S. in Plant Biology (plant community ecology emphasis) at the University of Minnesota-Twin Cities. Deanna J. Reyher is an Ecologist/Soil Scientist with the Black Hills National Forest in Custer, South Dakota. She completed a B.S. degree in Agronomy (soil science and crop production emphasis) from the University of Nebraska – Lincoln. Carolyn Hull Sieg is a Research Plant Ecologist with the Rocky Mountain Research Station in Flagstaff, Arizona. She completed a B.S. in Wildlife Biology and M.S. in Range Science from Colorado State University and a Ph.D. in Range and Wildlife Management (fire ecology) at Texas Tech University. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Great-spurred violet (Viola selkirkii Pursh ex Goldie; Violaceae) is an early spring flowering herb that occurs in the boreal and Rocky Mountain regions of North America, and cool temperate regions of Eurasia, eastern China and Japan. In the Black Hills, the species is restricted to spruce-dominated forests in cold, shady ravines from 5,400 to 7,000 ft (1,645 to 2,135 m) elevation on soils derived from granitic parent material.
    [Show full text]
  • UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS Instituto De Biologia
    UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS Instituto de Biologia TIAGO PEREIRA RIBEIRO DA GLORIA COMO A VARIAÇÃO NO NÚMERO CROMOSSÔMICO PODE INDICAR RELAÇÕES EVOLUTIVAS ENTRE A CAATINGA, O CERRADO E A MATA ATLÂNTICA? CAMPINAS 2020 TIAGO PEREIRA RIBEIRO DA GLORIA COMO A VARIAÇÃO NO NÚMERO CROMOSSÔMICO PODE INDICAR RELAÇÕES EVOLUTIVAS ENTRE A CAATINGA, O CERRADO E A MATA ATLÂNTICA? Dissertação apresentada ao Instituto de Biologia da Universidade Estadual de Campinas como parte dos requisitos exigidos para a obtenção do título de Mestre em Biologia Vegetal. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Fernando Roberto Martins ESTE ARQUIVO DIGITAL CORRESPONDE À VERSÃO FINAL DA DISSERTAÇÃO/TESE DEFENDIDA PELO ALUNO TIAGO PEREIRA RIBEIRO DA GLORIA E ORIENTADA PELO PROF. DR. FERNANDO ROBERTO MARTINS. CAMPINAS 2020 Ficha catalográfica Universidade Estadual de Campinas Biblioteca do Instituto de Biologia Mara Janaina de Oliveira - CRB 8/6972 Gloria, Tiago Pereira Ribeiro da, 1988- G514c GloComo a variação no número cromossômico pode indicar relações evolutivas entre a Caatinga, o Cerrado e a Mata Atlântica? / Tiago Pereira Ribeiro da Gloria. – Campinas, SP : [s.n.], 2020. GloOrientador: Fernando Roberto Martins. GloDissertação (mestrado) – Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia. Glo1. Evolução. 2. Florestas secas. 3. Florestas tropicais. 4. Poliploide. 5. Ploidia. I. Martins, Fernando Roberto, 1949-. II. Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Instituto de Biologia. III. Título. Informações para Biblioteca Digital Título em outro idioma: How can chromosome number
    [Show full text]