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American Historical Association ANNUAL REPORT· 1974 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS City of Washington Contents Page Letters of Submittal and Transmittal . v Act of Incorporation .................................. " vii Presidential Address ........... 1 Background ......................................... " 25 Constitution ......................................... " 29 Officers, Council, Nominating Committee, Committee on Committees, and Board of Trustees for 1975 .... " 35 Officers' Reports Executive Secretary ................................. " 37 Visiting Editor ..................................... " 45 Treasurer ......................................... " 48 Membership Statistics ................................. " 58 Minutes of the Council Meetings ......................... " 63 Minutes of the Eighty-Ninth Business Meeting .............. :. 91 Report of the Nominating Committee. .. 93 Report of the Pacific Coast Branch of the American Historical Association .................... " 95 Report of the Program Chairman . .. 10 1 Program of the Eighty-Ninth Annual Meeting. .. 105 iii Letters of Submittal and Transmittal June 15, 1975 To the Congress of the United States: In accordance with the act of incorporation of the American Historical Association, approved January 4, 1889, I have the honor of sub­ mitting to Congress the Annual Report of the Association for the year 1974. Respectfully, S. Dillon Ripley, Secretary SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION WASHINGTON, D.C. June 15, 1975 To the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution: As provided by law, I submit to you herewith the report of the Ameri­ can Historical Association, comprising the proceedings of the Associa­ tion and the report of its Pacific Coast Branch for 1974. This volume constitutes the Association's report on the condition of historical study in the United States. Mack Thompson, Executive Director AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION WASHINGTON, D.C. v Act of Incorporation Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That Andrew D. White, of Ithaca, in the State of New York; George Bancroft, of Washington, in the District of Columbia; Justin Winsor, of Cambridge, in the State of Massachusetts; William F. Poole, of Chicago, in the State of Illinois; Herbert B. Adams, of Baltimore, in the State of Maryland; Clarence W. Bowen, of Brooklyn, in the State of New York, their associates and successors, are hereby created, in the District of Columbia, a body corporate and politic by the name of the American Historical Associa­ tion, for the promotion of historical studies, the collection and pres­ ervation of historical manuscripts, and for kindred purposes in the interest of American history, and of history in America. Said Associa­ tion is authorized to hold real and personal estate in the District of Columbia as far as may be necessary to its lawful ends, to adopt a con­ stitution, and make bylaws not inconsistent with law. Said Association shall have its principal office at Washington, in the District of Columbia, and may hold its annual meetings in such places as the said incorpora­ tors shall determine. Said Association shall report annually to the Sec­ retary of the Smithsonian Institution, concerning its proceedings and the condition of historical study in America. Said Secretary shall com­ municate to Congress the whole of such report, or such portions thereof as he shall see fit. The Regents of the Smithsonian Institution are au­ thorized to permit said Association to deposit its collections, manu­ scripts, books, pamphlets, and other material for history in the Smith­ sonian Institution or in the National Museum, at their discretion, upon such conditions and under such rules as they shall prescribe. The real property situated in Square 817, in the city of Washington, District of Columbia, described as lot 23, owned, occupied, and used by the American Historical Association, is exempt from all taxation so long as the same is so owned and occupied, and not used for commer­ cial purposes, subject to the provisions of sections 2, 3, and 5 of the Act entitled, "An Act to define the real property exempt from taxation in the District of Columbia," approved December 24, 1942. [Approved, January 4, 1889, and amended July 3, 1957.] vii PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS American Historians and the World Today: Responsibilities and Opportunities LEWIS HANKE Nations have long had relations with each other and have acknowl­ edged some responsibilities to each other in the world, but have his­ torians? Members of the American Historical Association (AHA) will increasingly ponder this question as the time approaches for the first meeting in the United States of the International Congress of Historical Sciences (ICHS). Some American historians have attended the other international meetings held in Europe since 1900, but the congress is expected to bring together in San Francisco in August 1975 several thousand historians, most of them Americans. The participants will read or listen to learned papers on the "grand themes of history" as well as on a large number of smaller topics, will attend receptions, and will enjoy the still powerful attractions of northern California. One may well ask to what useful end all this movement, all this expense of time and money will be directed. My answer is a simple one. International congresses of historians do not fully meet the needs of the times and cannot be expected to do so unless the organization that sponsors them is substantially changed and unless national organizations accept far greater international res­ ponsibilities. For the AHA this means that we need to strengthen the teaching and writing in the United States of the history of all regions of the world, to recognize the increasingly significant study abroad of This presidential address was delivered by Mr. Hanke at the annual meeting of the American Historical Association, Chicago, December 28, 1974. The author wishes to acknowledge the valuable assistance received from many persons, beginning with the discussion held with a Spanish railroad track walker while waiting in the Escorial station for a train to Madrid in the summer of 1929. 1 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION our history, and to foster in all possible ways the professional relations of historians on an international scale. For the ICHS to meet its chal­ lenge, this largely Western organization must review its traditional operations in various specific ways, which will be suggested later. This may seem a Utopian proposal to those aware of the political problems encountered by the congresses and to historians everywhere who are often concerned principally with their own history. Conor Cruise O'Brien wrote: Most history is tribal history: written ... in terms generated by and acceptable to, a given tribe or nation. Historians, like other people, tend to identify with a community-not necessarily the one in which they were born-and in the case of modem his­ torians this identification is likely to affect, and interact with, the character of their work, their career, their geographical location, and their public. Normally they write within a convention which suggests these conditioning factors do not exist, or can be ignored. Marxist historians, indeed, emphasize such factors but only as limitations on bourgeois historians.1 If this be true, or partially true, why should Americans concern them­ selves with the history of other tribes and with other tribal historians? Members of that large and diverse tribe which inhabits what is called the Western World can best begin to examine these questions by con­ sidering the consequences of the discovery of America on the writing of history. Herbert Butterfield has emphasized that one of the unique characteristics of the West is its "historical mindedness" and that his­ tory only in modem times has become the kind of subject it is today.2 Yet he and many others ignore Iberian influences, a considerable omis­ sion because in the development of history since 1492 Spain was in the forefront, at least chronologically, of all European nations, and Portugal also made significant contributions. Historians should be grateful for the Spaniards' keen sense of the past and for their almost unconscious though certainly widespread realization that Spanish actions overseas would one day be scrutinized by posterity. Columbus started the practice of writing about America, and many followed his example, for the conquest so stimulated their 1 Conor Cruise O'Brien, States of Ireland (New York, 1972), 16-17. 2 Herbert Butterfield, Man on His Past: The Study of the History of Historical Scholarship (Boston, 1960), vii-xi. 2 PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS imagination that they came to look upon it as the greatest event since the coming of Christ. Even as the conquistadores roamed over vast areas of land and sea and missionaries attempted to Christianize mil­ lions of Indians, they collected historical materials and composed chronicles on a monumental scale. 3 This copious documentation con­ stitutes another kind of treasure from the Indies, distinct from the gold and silver found there, a documentation that still excites historians by its richness and depresses them by its quantity, for every fleet from Spanish America carried homeward thirty or forty boxes of documents, often carefully indexed for convenient study by the council of the Indies.4 Beginning with Viceroy Antonio de Mendoza, who arrived in Mexico in 1535, the principal Spanish officials manifested a keen
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