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Collecting Landscape Trees and Shrubs in Ukraine for the Evaluation of Aesthetic Quality and Adaptation in the North Central United States Mark P

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Collecting Landscape Trees and Shrubs in Ukraine for the Evaluation of Aesthetic Quality and Adaptation in the North Central United States Mark P NCRPIS Publications and Papers North Central Regional Plant Introduction Station 2001 Collecting landscape trees and shrubs in Ukraine for the evaluation of aesthetic quality and adaptation in the north central United States Mark P. Widrlechner United States Department of Agriculture, [email protected] Robert E. Schutzki Michigan State University Vasily Y. Yukhnovsky National Agricultural University Victor V. Sviatetsky National Agricultural University Follow this and additional works at: http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ncrpis_pubs Part of the Agricultural Science Commons, Climate Commons, Forest Sciences Commons, and the Plant Breeding and Genetics Commons The ompc lete bibliographic information for this item can be found at http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ ncrpis_pubs/46. For information on how to cite this item, please visit http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ howtocite.html. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the North Central Regional Plant Introduction Station at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in NCRPIS Publications and Papers by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 12ARTICLE Plant Genetic Resources Newsletter, 2001, No. 126 Plant Genetic Resources Newsletter, 2001, No. 126: 12 - 16 Collecting landscape trees and shrubs in Ukraine for the evaluation of aesthetic quality and adaptation in the north central United States† Mark P. Widrlechner1, Robert E. Schutzki2, Vasily Y. Yukhnovsky3, and Victor V. Sviatetsky3 1 USDA-Agricultural Research Service, North Central Regional Plant Introduction Station, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-1170, USA 2 Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1325, USA 3 Department of Forestry, National Agricultural University, Kyiv, 252041 Ukraine Summary Résumé Resumen Collecting landscape trees and Un assemblage des arbres et Colección de árboles y shrubs in Ukraine for the arbustes ornementaux dans arbustos de paisaje en Ucrania evaluation of aesthetic quality l’Ukraine pour l’évaluation de para la evaluación de la and adaptation in the north l’esthétique et de l’adaptation calidad estética y adaptación central United States dans la région nord-centrale en la parte central norte de Past experiences with long-term evalu- des États-Unis Estados Unidos ations of woody landscape plants from Certaines expériences avec les évalua- Experiencias en el pasado con evalua- Slovenia, Croatia, and Bosnia- tions à long terme des plantes ligneuses ciones de largo plazo en plantas leñosas Herzegovina in the north central United de la Slovénie, de la Croatie, et de la de paisaje provenientes de Eslovenia, States indicated that a relatively low Bosnie-Herzégovine dans la région Croacia y Bosnia-Herzegovina en la proportion of these introductions were nord-centrale des États-Unis ont indiqué parte central norte de Estados Unidos, well adapted to climatic and soil condi- qu’une portion relativement petite de han indicado que una proporción relati- tions. Based on these results, criteria ces introductions a été bien adapté aux vamente baja de estas introducciones were developed to focus future explo- climats et terroirs régionaux. Fondé sur estuvieron bien adaptadas a las condi- ration for landscape trees and shrubs ces résultats, quelques critères ont été ciones climáticas y de suelo. Con base en from more analogous environments in développées afin de diriger estos resultados, se desarrollaron crite- eastern and central Europe. Application l’exploration future pour les arbres et rios para enfocar futuras exploraciones of these criteria identified the forest– arbrustes ornementaux des environne- de árboles y arbustos de paisaje de am- steppe transition zone in the northern ments plus analogues dans l’Europe ori- bientes más análogos en el este y centro half of Ukraine as a region with great entale et centrale. L’application de ces de Europa. Con la aplicación de estos potential, because of similarities to the critères a reconnu la zone de transition criterios se identificó a la zona de tran- north central United States in climatic entre le bois et la steppe dans l’Ukraine sición bosque–estepa en la mitad norte extremes, soil types and natural plant du nord comme une région du potentiel de Ucrania como una región con gran communities. In 1999, the National Plant considérable, à cause des ressemblances potencial, debido a similitudes con la Germplasm System of the United States à la région nord-centrale des États-Unis parte central norte de Estados Unidos funded a collaborative seed-collection en les extrêmes climatiques, les types de con respecto a los extremos climáticos, mission involving researchers from the sols, et les associations naturelles de la tipos de suelo y comunidades naturales United States Department of Agricul- végétation. En 1999, le Système Nation- de plantas. En 1999, el Sistema Nacional ture, Michigan State University and the al du Matériel Génétique Végétal a fi- de Germoplasma Vegetal de los Estados National Agricultural University of nancé une mission collaborative afin de Unidos financió una misión colaborati- Ukraine. The exploration trip took place rassembler les semences, engageante va para colección de semilla involucran- between 7 and 26 September 1999 and les chercheurs du Département do investigadores del Departamento de encompassed ca. 3200 km of travel to d’Agriculture des États-Unis, Agricultura de Estados Unidos, la Uni- wooded sites through the forest–steppe l’Université de l’État du Michigan, et versidad Estatal de Michigan y la Uni- transition zone. Eighty-nine seed collec- l’Université Agricole de l’Ukraine. versidad Agrícola Nacional de Ucrania. tions, including 26 genera and 45 species L’excursion d’exploration a eu lieu entre El viaje de exploración se realizó entre el of trees, shrubs and herbaceous peren- le 7 et le 26 septembre 1999 et a em- 7 y el 26 de septiembre de 1999 y abarcó nials were obtained. The mission, its col- brassé vers 3200 km des voyages aux aproximadamente 3200 km de recorri- lections and conditions at collection sites bois à travers la zone de transition entre do a sitios arbolados a través de la zona are described in this report. le bois et la steppe. Nous avons obtenu de transición bosque-estepa. Se obtuvi- 89 échantillons de semences, contenant eron ochenta y nueve colecciones de 26 genres et 45 espèces d’arbres, ar- semilla, incluyendo 26 géneros y 45 es- Key words: Climatic analogue, forestry, bustes, et herbacées plantes vivaces. pecies de árboles, arbustos y herbáceas genetic resources, ornamental, plant Dans notre rapport, nous décrirons la perennes. En este reporte se describe la community, plant exploration mission, ses collections, et les conditions misión, sus colecciones y las condiciones aux lieux de collection. de los sitios de colecta. † Journal Paper No. J-19028 of the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames, Iowa, Project No. 1018, and supported by Hatch Act and State of Iowa. Plant Genetic Resources Newsletter, 2001, No. 126 13 Introduction 1996, distribution maps for many of the target species were The north central United States is a region of climatic extremes, located (Sokolov et al. 1977–1986). Taken together, the results of and many parts of the region have alkaline soil that developed these efforts indicated that an exploration focusing on native tree under grasslands. Because of these conditions, the diversity found and shrub populations adapted to the transition zone between in commercially available woody plants adapted to the region is the central European deciduous forest and the Ukrainian steppes considerably less than that found in many other parts of the should be most productive. United States. Most of the woody vegetation in the forest–steppe transition Eastern and central Europe are potentially important sources has been cleared for agriculture. A figure in Sheljag-Sosonko et al. of well-adapted landscape plants for the nursery industry in the (1982) indicates that remnant forests constitute 10% or less of the United States. Many commonly produced shade trees and shrubs historic forest–steppe transition zone. Ukraine is densely popu- cultivated in urban areas in the eastern United States, such as lated (>100 inhabitants/km2 in the target region) and, as land- Acer campestre and platanoides, Ligustrum vulgare, Quercus robur use patterns change with changing economic systems, native and Tilia cordata, are native throughout much of Europe, but are vegetation will likely face new threats from both urbanization thought to be primarily of western European provenance because and the modernization of agricultural practices. The nation’s two of previously restricted access to regions further east. Western largest cities, Kyiv and Kharkiv, are also located in the target European sources are often poorly adapted to the climatic and region. edaphic stresses found in the north central region, leading to A status report of the Woody Landscape Plant Crop plant loss and frequent replacement. But the native ranges of Germplasm Committee (1996) identified Ukraine as a geographic many valuable European landscape plants extend east into the priority for exploration. A survey of the Germplasm Resources more continental climates and grassland soils of central and Information Network (GRIN) database (http://www.ars- eastern Europe, creating opportunities to acquire and evaluate grin.gov/npgs) and of U.S. arboreta and botanical
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