A Case of Selected JNNURM Cities (Study Focus City: Amritsar)
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A Study Conducted under HUDCO Chair The State of Cities in North-Western India: A Case of Selected JNNURM Cities (Study Focus City: Amritsar) March 2013 RANVINDDER SINGH SANDHU MANOJ KUMAR TEOTIA Centre for Research in Rural and Industrial Development (CRRID) Sector 19, Madhya Marg, Chandigarh – 160 019 (India) A Study Conducted Under HUDCO Chair The State of Cities in North-Western India: A Case of Selected JNNURM Cities (Study Focus City: Amritsar) MMaarrcchh 22001133 RANVINDDER SINGH SANDHU MANOJ KUMAR TEOTIA Centre for Research in Rural and Industrial Development (CRRID) Sector 19, Madhya Marg, Chandigarh – 160 019 (India) Project Team Administration Dr. Sucha Singh Gill Director General Dr S S Sangwan Head, PRI Unit Project Team Mr Manoj Kumar Teotia Principal Coordinator (HUDCO Chair Coordinator) Dr Ranvinder Singh Sandhu Consultant Field Staff Shri Kuldeep Singh Field Assistant Shri Rajender Kumar District Coordinator Shri Ajai Yadav Field Assistant Shri Jagdeep Singh Field Investigator Computer Staff Ashwani Sharma Senior Computational Assistant Anita Gupta Senior Computational Assistant Hem Singh Thakur Computer Operator Jagtar Singh Senior Data Entry Operator Bindu Sharma Senior Data Entry Operator Neetu Bhatia Data Entry Operator Sandeep Kumar Trainee Library Staff Meena Jatana Deputy Librarian Suman Khosla Editorial Research and Publication Officer Sukhwinder Singh Assistant Librarian Ashok Kumar Library Assistant Harsh Rawat Library Attendant Photostat Braham Singh Photostat Machine Operator Contents Chapter 1 Introduction 1 Chapter 2 Urbanization in North Western India and Punjab 7 Chapter 3 Amritsar City: A Historical Sketch 17 Chapter 4 Land Use of Amritsar City 35 Chapter 5 Demographic and Socio-Economic Profile 44 Chapter 6 Housing, slums and Poverty 64 Chapter 7 Infrastructure 87 Chapter 8 Evaluation of JNNURM in Amritsar 105 Chapter 9 Environment 119 Chapter 10 Urban Governance 127 Chapter 11 Perception of Residents 138 Chapter 12 Fact File and Strategies 150 References 163 Annexures i-xx ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS It is our proud privilege to convey our sincere gratitude to Housing and Urban Development Corporation Ltd (HUDCO), New Delhi particularly Shri V.P. Baligar, IAS, Chairman and Managing Director, HUDCO and Shir A.N. Krishnamurthy, ED (Projects-HSMI), HUDCO, for approving this study to CRRID under HUDCO Chair at CRRID. The CMD, HUDCO and ED (Projects-HSMI), HUDCO have been constant source of inspiration to us during entire work. We are thankful to other senior officials at HSMI/HUDCO i.e., Dr S K Gupta, Shri Alok Kumar Joshi, Dr Manika Negi and Shri Atul Kr Srivastava who were very cooperative and encouraging during the study. We are grateful to Dr. Sucha Singh Gill, Director-General, CRRID for taking keen interest in HUDCO Chair activities and including the present study and facilitating its completion. We are also grateful to Professor Jasmeet Sandhu, Chairperson, Department of Sociology, GNDU, Amritsar and Shri B. S. Sekhon, School of Planning, GNDU, Amritsar for their valuable inputs in the study. We express our gratitude to the people who gave their valuable time to give their perception about the infrastructure, services and local governance etc in Amritsar. Our thanks are to the officials of various departments, elected representatives and officials from Amritsar Municipal Corporation and officials from various departments, organizations for discussions on various aspects of this study and making clarifications and suggestions at various stages of the study. We wish to thank our supporting staff Shri Kuldip Singh, Shri Rajender Kumar, Shri Ajai Kumar Yadav, and filed researchers Shri Jagdeep Singh who helped us in data collection, review of literature, preparing contents, list of tables and setting of the soft copy etc pertaining to the study. We are also grateful to our computer department and specially Shri Hem Singh, Shri Ashwini Sharma, Shri Jagtar Singh, Shri Sandeep Singh, Ms Neetu Bhatia and Mrs Anita Gupta for tabulation/data processing, and data entry etc. We are thankful to our colleagues in account department for helping me in maintaining smooth flow of funds throughout the study and facilitating timely release of funds. Last but not least, we are thankful to Shri Braham Singh for Xeroxing the material and study report. Ranvinder Singh Sandhu Manoj Kumar Teotia LIST OF TABLES Table No. Title Page No. Chapter I Table:1.1 Infrastructure Services and their Basic Standards/Benchmark 5 Table:1.2 Proposed land use structure of urban Centre’s in plain areas according to 6 UDPFI Guidelines Chapter II Table: 2.1 Level of Urbanization and Growth Rate in Indian States- 2011 7 Table: 2.2 Level of Urbanization in Northwest India (1971-2011) 8 Table: 2.3 Urbanization in Punjab during 1951-2011 10 Table: 2.4 Urbanization in Punjab and India during 1951-2011 11 Table: 2.5 District-wise Proportion of Urban Population to Total Population in Punjab 12 Table: 2.6 Distribution of Urban Population with Percentage in different Classes of 13 Towns from 1951-2001 Chapter IV Table:4.1 Existing Land Use plan for Amritsar City, 2010 36 Chapter V Table:5.1 Population Growth of Amritsar city (1868-2011) 44 Table:5.2 Population Density in Amritsar City 47 Table:5.3 Density of Population in Wards of Amritsar City, 2004 49 Table:5.4 Population Density in various Wards of the City 52 Table:5.5 Sex Ratio in Amritsar City 53 Table:5.6 Literacy Rate in Amritsar 53 Table:5.7 Schedule Castes Population in Amritsar city 54 Table:5.8 Classification of Main Workers in Amritsar city 1991 and 2001 55 Table:5.9 Status of Industrial Development in Amritsar District and City from 2007 to 57 2012 Table:5.10 Incidence of Crime in Amritsar City (2010-2012) 60 Table 5.11 Crime Rate in Amritsar city (2010-12) 62 Chapter VI Table No. Title Page No. Table: 6.1 Growth of Households and Occupied Residential Houses in M.C. Amritsar 65 Table: 6.2 Pattern of Use of Census Houses in Municipal Corporation, Amritsar (2001) 66 Table: 6.3 Distribution of Houses according to type of Structure 67 Table: 6.4 Percentage Distribution of Households According to Ownership and Number 68 of rooms (2011) Table: 6.5 Distribution of households according to number of Rooms (2011) 70 Table: 6.6 Pattern of Use of Census houses -Category wise (2011) 71 Table: 6.7 Growth of City and Slum Population 76 Table: 6.8 Classification of Slums according to Population Size 78 Table:6.9 Ownership of Land under Slums in Amritsar 78 Table:6.10 Basic Services & Amenities Existing in Slums of Amritsar 80 Table:6.11 Demographic characteristics of Slums in Amritsar 82 Table:6.12 Estimated Budget of 2012-13: Scheduled & Development Works (Water 83 Supply Deptt.): Non Committed Expenditure Table:6.13 Availability of Funds and Expenditure on SJSRY in Amritsar City from 2002 86 to 2012 Chapter VII Table.7.1 Educational Institutions in Amritsar City 88 Table.7.2 Educational Services of Amritsar for 10,000 persons 89 Table.7.3 Teacher Pupil Ratio in Government Schools of Amritsar city 90 Table.7.4 Number of Govt Hospitals (Allopathic) and Medical Services Available in 91 Amritsar Table.7.5 Number of Govt Dispensaries (Allopathic) and Medical Services Available in 92 Amritsar Table.7.6 Percentage Distribution of Households in Punjab and Amritsar according to 93 Source of Drinking Water Table.7.7 Distribution of Water Connections in Amritsar City 94 Table.7.8 Distribution of Sewerage Connections in Amritsar City 96 Table.7.9 Typical Wastewater Effluent 99 Table.7.10 Number of Registered Vehicles 101 Table.7.11 Increase in Vehicles 103 Table No. Title Page No. Table 7.12 Number of Traffic Accidents in Amritsar from 2009-12 103 Table 7.13 Number of Traffic Challan in Amritsar 2009-12 103 Chapter VIII Table.8.1 Details of projects undertaken in Amritsar city 108 Table.8.2 Detailed Assessment of ULB level Reforms in Amritsar Municipal 112 Corporation Chapter IX Table.9.1 Comparative Values of RSPM/SPM, SO2 &NOxug/m3 For the years 2009- 120 2012 Table.9.2 Comparative Values of RSPM/SPM, SO2&NOxug/m3 For the years 2009- 120 2012 Chapter X Table:10.1 Divergence in the Performance of Municipal Functions from the Norm of 130 Article 243W of 74th CAA Table:10.2 Income and Expenditure of MCA from 2007-08 to 2011-12 131 Table:10.3 Expenditure of Municipal Corporation, Amritsar for the Period up to March, 132 2008 Table:10.4 Expenditure of Municipal Corporation (2008-2009) 133 Table:10.5 Expenditure of Municipal Corporation (2009-2010) 133 Table:10.6 Expenditure of Municipal Corporation (2010-2011) 134 Table:10.7 Expenditure of Municipal Corporation (2011 2012) 134 Chapter XI Table:11.1 Distribution of Respondents according to Age 138 Table:11.2 Distribution of Respondents according to Sex 139 Table:11.3 Distribution of Respondents according to Marital Status 139 Table:11.4 Distribution of Respondents according to religion 139 Table:11.5 Distribution of Respondents according to Type of Family 140 Table:11.6 Distribution of Respondents according to Family Size 140 Table:11.7 Distribution of Respondents according to Educational Qualification 140 Table:11.8 Distribution of Respondents according to Occupation 141 Table:11.9 Distribution of Respondents according to Household Monthly income 141 Table No. Title Page No. Table:11.10 Distribution of Respondents according to Size of Plot 142 Table:11.11 Distribution of Respondents according to Type of Tenancy 142 Table:11.12 Respondents according to Level of Satisfaction with Physical Infrastructure 143 Table:11.13 Opinion of Respondents about the Physical Infrastructure in last Five Years 144 Table:11.14 Respondents according to level of satisfaction with Educational and Health 144 Facilities Table:11.15 Respondents according to level of Satisfaction with the Municipal Governance 145 Table:11.16 Distribution of Respondents according to level of satisfaction with the working 147 of MC and Municipal Councillors Table:11.17 Distribution of Respondents according to “whom they approach in case of 147 Problem” Table:11.18 Level of Safety and Security in Amritsar City 147 Table:11.19 Major Problems of the Citizens within the City 148 Table:11.20 How Do you Rate Improvement in Your Area? 149 Table: 12.1 Fact file of Amritsar City 150 LIST OF MAPS Map No.