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BR Anarchism:Layout 1 10/30/12 7:35 AM Page i ANARCHISM A Documentary History of Libertarian Ideas BR Anarchism:Layout 1 10/30/12 7:35 AM Page ii Anarchism A Documentary History of Libertarian Ideas Robert Graham Copyright © 2013 BLACK ROSE BOOKS No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form, by any means electronic or mechanical including photocopying and recording, or by any informa- tion storage or retrieval system—without written permission from the publisher, or, in the case of photocopying or other reprographic copying, a license from the Canadian Copyright Licensing Agency, Access Copyright, with the exception of brief passages quoted by a reviewer in a newspaper or magazine. Black Rose Books No. OO380 Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Anarchism: a documentary history of libertarian ideas / Robert Grahamn, editor. Cover title. Includes bibliographical references and indexes. Contents: v. 3. The new anarchism (1974-2012) isbn: 978-1-55164-337-3 (bound : v. 3).-isbn: 978-1-55164-336-6 1. Anarchism-History.2. Libertarianism-History. I. Graham, Robert,1958– HX826.A53 2004 335’.83 C2004-905033-8 e-book: 978-1-55164-598-8 C.P. 35788 2250 Military Road 99 Wallis Road CSP Leo-Parizeau Tonawanda, NY London, e9 5ln Montréal, h2x 0a4 14150 England Canada USA UK To order books: In Canada: (phone) 1-800-565-7791 (fax)1-800-221-9985 email: [email protected] In the United States: (phone)1-800-283-3572 (fax)1-800-351-5073 In the UK & Europe: (phone) 44(0)20 8986 4854 (fax) 44(0)20 8533 5821 email: [email protected] Our Web Site address: http://www.blackrosebooks.net PRINTEDINCANADA BR Anarchism:Layout 1 10/30/12 7:35 AM Page iii ANARCHISM A Documentary History of Libertarian Ideas Volume Three The New Anarchism 1974–2012 robert graham Montreal/New York/London BR Anarchism:Layout 1 10/30/12 7:35 AM Page iv BR Anarchism:Layout 1 10/30/12 7:35 AM Page v Contents preface / ix acknowledgments / xii chapter 1: toward an anarchist politics David Graeber: The New Anarchists (2002)/1 Madrid Declaration: For a New Libertarianism (2001)/ 11 The Gaucho Anarchist Federation: Especifismo (2000)/ 20 Alfredo Errandonea: Anarchism in the 21st Century (2001)/ 25 Dimitri Roussopoulos: The Politics of Neo-Anarchism (2012)/ 31 chapter 2: libertarian democracy David Graeber: Democracy and Consensus (2004)/ 45 Eduardo Colombo: On Voting / 49 Amedeo Bertolo: Libertarian Democracy (1999)/ 53 Andrew Flood: Assemblies Are the Revolution (2011)/ 61 chapter 3: revolutionary action Murray Bookchin: From Direct Action to Direct Democracy (1979-82)/ 65 Hakim Bey: Temporary Autonomous Zones (1985)/ 68 Luc Bonet: Beyond the Revolutionary Model (2005)/ 73 Andrea Papi: Violence and Anti-Violence (2004)/ 80 Benjamin Franks: The Direct Action Ethic (2003)/ 85 A.G. Schwarz: The Revolt in Greece (2010)/ 90 CrimethInc: The Egyptian Revolution (2012)/ 93 BR Anarchism:Layout 1 10/30/12 7:35 AM Page vi vi / chapter 4: the state Harold Barclay: Anarchy and State Formation (2003)/ 99 Alan Ritter: Anarchy, Law and Freedom (1980)/ 113 Alan Carter: The Logic of State Power (2000)/ 119 Jeff Ferrell: Against the Law: Anarchist Criminology (1998)/ 130 Uri Gordon: Israel, Palestine and Anarchist Dilemmas (2007)/ 135 chapter 5: technology and power Campaign Against the Model West Germany: The Nuclear State (1979)/ 139 David Watson: Nuclear Power (1979)/ 144 C. George Benello: Putting the Reins on Technology (1982)/ 151 Brian Tokar: Biotechnology (2003)/ 154 chapter 6: anarchy and ecology Murray Bookchin: Toward an Ecological Society (1974)/ 161 Noam Chomsky: Human Nature and Human Freedom (1975)/ 169 Graham Purchase: Anarchism and Bioregionalism (1997)/ 171 Chaia Heller: Ecology and Desire (1999)/ 176 Peter Marshall: Liberation Ecology (2007)/ 180 chapter 7: personal liberation Alan Mandell: Anti-Psychiatry and the Search for Autonomy (1979)/ 186 Rossella Di Leo: On the Origins of Male Domination (1983)/ 192 Nicole Laurin-Frenette: The State Family/The Family State (1982)/ 202 Ariane Gransac: Women’s Liberation (1984)/ 212 Carole Pateman: The Sexual Contract (1988)/ 217 Jamie Heckert: Erotic Anarchy (2006)/ 224 chapter 8: anarchy and culture Ba Jin: Against the Powers that Be (1984)/ 234 Richard Sonn: Culture and Anarchy (1994)/ 238 Max Blechman: Toward an Anarchist Aesthetic (1994)/239 Edward S. Herman: The Propaganda Model—A Retrospective (2003)/ 244 BR Anarchism:Layout 1 10/30/12 7:35 AM Page vii / vii chapter 9: anti-capitalism Brian Martin: Capitalism and Violence (2001)/ 253 Normand Baillargeon: Free Market Libertarianism (2001)/ 261 Peter Marshall: Anarchism and Capitalism (1993)/ 266 Interprofessional Workers’ Union: Russian Capitalism (1999)/ 270 chapter 10: libertarian alternatives Graham Purchase: Green Anarcho-Syndicalism (1995)/ 283 Murray Bookchin: Municipal Control (1986)/ 289 Kevin Carson: Mutualism Reconsidered (2007)/ 292 Adam Buick and John Crump: The Alternative to Capitalism (1986)/ 297 Luciano Lanza: Settling Accounts with Economics (2003)/ 307 chapter 11: beyond the borders Sharif Gemie: Beyond the Borders (2003)/ 318 An African Anarchist Manifesto (1981)/ 324 Sam Mbah and I.E. Igariwey: African Anarchism (1997)/ 326 Mok Chiu Yu: An Anarchist in Hong Kong (2001)/ 334 Mihara Yoko: Anarchism in Japan (1993)/ 339 The Cuban Libertarian Syndicalist Association: Anarchism and the Cuban Revolution (1960/2003)/ 343 Ruben G. Prieto: Anarchism in Uruguay (2001)/ 351 Marina Sitrin: Horizontalidad in Argentina (2003)/ 357 Andrew Flood: What is Different About the Zapatistas (2001)/ 362 CIPO-RFM: Enemies of Injustice / 375 Colectivo Alas de Xue: Strengthening the Anarcho-Indian Alliance (1997)/ 378 Kurdistan: Anarchism and Confederalism (1999-2011) / 384 Bas Umali: Archipelagic Confederation – an Anarchist Alternative for the Philippines (2006)/ 393 Ashanti Alston: Black Anarchism (2003)/ 399 Harsha Walia: No One is Illegal (2006)/ 404 BR Anarchism:Layout 1 10/30/12 7:35 AM Page viii chapter 12: new directions in anarchist theory Todd May: Post-Structuralism and Anarchism (1989)/ 413 Saul Newman: The Politics of Post-Anarchism (2003)/ 423 Jesse Cohn: Anarchism and Essentialism (2003)/ 434 Mark Leier: Bakunin, Class and Post-Anarchism (2009)/ 446 Schmidt & Van Der Walt: Black Flame (2009)/ 453 Daniel Colson: Belief and Modernity (2005)/ 460 Richard Day: Groundless Solidarity and Infinite Responsibility (2005)/ 466 afterword Robert Graham: The Anarchist Current: Continuity and Change in Anarchist Thought / 475 index/ 589 BR Anarchism:Layout 1 10/30/12 7:35 AM Page ix Preface This is the third volume of my anthology of anarchist writings from ancient China to the present day. Volume One, subtitled From Anarchy to Anarchism (300CE-1939), begins with an ancient Daoist text, “Neither Lord Nor Subject” (300CE), and ends with the positive accomplishments and defeat of the Spanish anarchists in the Spanish Revolution and Civil War (1936-1939). Volume Two, subtitled The Emergence of the New Anarchism (1939-1977), deals with the re- markable resurgence of anarchist ideas and movements following the Second World War, particularly during the 1960s. Thisfinal volume canvasses the many different currents in anarchist thought from the 1970s to the present day and an- other remarkable resurgence in anarchist ideas and action within the context of global justice movements against neoliberalism. These movements against neoliberalism are commonly grouped under the rubric of anti-globalization, an inaccurate description for the reasons set forth by David Graeber in Selection1. While anarchists and assorted left libertarians op- pose the global dominance of corporate capitalism, they remain committed in- ternationalists, seeking justice, freedom and equality for all. Anarchists have always been critics of capitalist exploitation and continue to emphasize the interconnections between capitalism, the state, imperialism and domination (Selections2, 17, 19, 69 and Chapter9). Anarchists have been at the forefront of transnational and transclass libera- tion movements (Chapter 11), seeking to develop new and imaginative ways of achieving social liberation, from creating “temporary autonomous zones” (Selec- tion 11) to antiauthoritarian forms of direct democracy (Selections5, 10 and Chapter2). Anarchists have continued to champion various forms of direct action as means of self-empowerment (Chapter3), adapting anarchist tactics to a variety of situations and circumstances around the globe (Chapter 11). Anarchists have sought to uncover the origins of domination, in patriarchal societies and incipient state forms with self-reinforcing and interlocking hierar- chies of power (Selections 17& 32), exploring the interrelationships between BR Anarchism:Layout 1 10/30/12 7:35 AM Page x x/ ANARCHISM the state and the subjection of women (Chapter7), technology, power and cap- italism (Chapter5), and the human subjugation of nature (Selection 26). At the same time, anarchists have continued to present positive alternatives to the sta- tus quo, such as human scale technology (Selection 24), community and worker’s self-management (Selection5 and Chapter 10) and bioregionalism (Selection 28), culminating in a vision of an ecological society where people live in harmony with nature and each other (Selections 26, 29& 30). Rejecting the authoritarian hierarchical relationships of exploitation and dom- ination inherent to capitalist economic forms, anarchists have presented a num- ber of libertarian economic proposals, such as directly democratic control through
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