Background and Concept Paper for Investigative Monitoring
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European Union Water Initiative Plus for the Eastern Partnership (EUWI+ 4 EaP) - Results 2 and 3 ENI/2016/372-403 BACKGROUND AND CONCEPT PAPER FOR INVESTIGATIVE MONITORING Investigative Monitoring Report Armenia Final version Responsible EU member state consortium project leaders Alexander Zinke; Umweltbundesamt (AT) EUWI+ country representative in Armenia Vahagn Tonoyan Authors Gayane Shahnazaryan Alina Zurnachyan Vardan Qaryan Anna Zatikyan Armine Gabrielyan Vahagn Tonoyan Philipp Hohenblum Alexander Zinke Arnulf Schönbauer Daniel Trauner Kristina Schaufler Zurab Jincharadze Yannick Pochon Florence Pintus Disclaimer: The EU-funded program European Union Water Initiative Plus for Eastern Partnership Countries (EUWI+) is im- plemented by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), the Organisation for Economic Co- operation and Development (OECD), both responsible for the implementation of Result 1, and an EU Member States Consortium comprising the Environment Agency Austria (UBA, Austria), the lead coordinator, and the In- ternational Office for Water (IOW, France), both responsible for the implementation of Results 2 and 3. The pro- gram is co-funded by Austria and France through the Austrian Development Agency and the French Artois-Picar- die Water Agency. This document was produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The views expressed herein can in no way be taken to reflect the official opinion of the European Union or of the Governments of the Eastern Partnership Countries. This document and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of, or sovereignty over, any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries, and to the name of any territory, city or area. Imprint Owner and Editor: EU Member State Consortium Umweltbundesamt GmbH Office International de’l Eau (IOW) Spittelauer Lände 5 21/23 rue de Madrid 1090 Vienna, Austria 75008 Paris, FRANC Responsible IOW Communication officer: Chloé Dechelette [email protected] May 2021 Investigative Monitoring Report Armenia PREFACE Scope of this document is to address the principles of the EU Water Framework Directive’s concept of investigative monitoring. Part I of the document describes the background and relevant technical details of this concept, which are of general relevance for all countries that intend to carry out this tool in line with the WFD. It describes the agreed concept and fundamentals to establish an investigative monitoring. This part, consequently, is the official basis for the national investigations and are integral part of the relevant contracts which lay down the execution of the practical investigation. Part II addresses specific national considerations, which have been identified in the course of EUWI+. They build the basis for national investigations which were carried out in autumn 2020. Thus, this doc- ument acted as a living document and shall summarize the investigative monitoring process for one EUWI+ country from the first considerations to the final conclusions. Part II was intended to be the template for reporting of national results, conclusions and lessons learnt within the practical investiga- tion. It is integral part of the contracts and lay down the execution of the practical investigation. Thus, Part II of this document presented a template for reporting after the survey, once the fieldwork was accomplished. The activity concludes with reflections on lessons learned. ENI/2016/372-403 3 Investigative Monitoring Report Armenia CONTENTS PREFACE ................................................................................................................................................ 3 1 PART I – General Issues .................................................................................................................. 7 2 Scope of the Document ...................................................................................................................... 8 3 General Terms and Definitions ,......................................................................................................... 9 4 General Aspects of Investigative Monitoring .................................................................................... 11 4.1 Planning and preparedness ...................................................................................................... 11 4.2 Suggested pool of institutions to be involved ........................................................................... 11 4.3 Design of concept for investigative monitoring within EUWI+ .................................................. 12 5 Planned Implementation within EUWI+ ............................................................................................ 15 5.1 Break down to national requirements, Workshop and practical implementation ...................... 15 5.1.1 Identification of national entities ..................................................................................... 15 5.1.2 Identification of subjects for investigative monitoring ..................................................... 15 5.1.3 Workshop ....................................................................................................................... 15 5.1.4 Pilot exercise in EaP countries ....................................................................................... 16 5.1.5 Data management, evaluation, reporting ....................................................................... 16 PART II - National chapter Armenia ................................................................................................... 18 1 National questionnaire on stakeholders ........................................................................................... 19 2 Rationale for an investigative monitoring exercise in Armenia ........................................................ 20 2.1 Description of problem and determination of sites ................................................................... 20 2.2 Pressure sources selected for the investigative monitoring ..................................................... 23 2.3 Sampling period ........................................................................................................................ 29 2.4 Responsibilities ......................................................................................................................... 30 3 Methods ............................................................................................................................................ 31 3.1 Sampling and field methods ..................................................................................................... 31 3.2 Laboratory analyses ................................................................................................................. 32 3.3 Quality assurance ..................................................................................................................... 33 4 Results .............................................................................................................................................. 34 4.1 Field protocols and data ........................................................................................................... 34 4.2 Chemical analyses .................................................................................................................... 34 4.3 Biological analyses ................................................................................................................... 39 5 Discussion of results ........................................................................................................................ 41 6 Conclusions ...................................................................................................................................... 46 7 Lessons learned ............................................................................................................................... 47 8 Annex ............................................................................................................................................... 47 4 ENI/2016/372-403 Investigative Monitoring Report Armenia General Abbreviations ADA ...................... Austrian Development Agency DoA ....................... Description of Action DG NEAR ............. Directorate-General for Neighbourhood and Enlargement Negotiations of the European Commission EaP ....................... Eastern Partnership EC ......................... European Commission EECCA ................. Eastern Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia EMBLAS ............... Environmental Monitoring in the Black Sea EPIRB ................... Environmental Protection of International River Basins ESCS .................... Ecological Status Classification Systems EU ......................... European Union EU-MS .................. EU-Member States EUWI+ .................. European Union Water Initiative Plus FD ......................... Floods Directive GEF ...................... Global Environmental Fund ICPDR ................... International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River IM .......................... Investigative monitoring INBO ..................... International Network of Basin Organisations IOWater/OIEau .... International Office for Water, France IWRM .................... Integrated Water Resources Management MSFD .................... Marine Strategy Framework Directive NESB .................... National Executive