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Vrl AVIATION in INDIA Master of Business Administration GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF C«VrL AVIATION IN INDIA DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF Master of Business Administration BY SHAMSUDHEEN. P. V. Under the Supervision of Prof. HAFIZ UDDIN M. A. (Eco.), M, Com (Agra) M B A. (C.U. New York), Ph: D, (Alig.) CHAIRMAN DEPARTMENT OF BUSlNtSS ADMINISTRATION AND DEAN, FACULTY OF COMMERCE DEPARTMENT OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY A L I G A R H 1 982 4 DS471 Hafiz Uddin Tel. No. : 6247 M.A. (EcoN.), M.CoM. (AGRA), DEPTT. OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION M.B.A. (CITY UNIVERSITY, NEW YORK) FACULTY OF COMMERCE PH.D. (AUG.) PROFESSOR A CHAIRMAN ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH (INDIA) January 20« 1983 This is to c«rti.£y that the dlseertatlon entitled "GRCifTH AND DEVELOFMEWr OP CIVIL AVIATIOM IN INmA" written by Mr. Shameudheen P.V. has been completed under my eupervicion and guidance. It ie his own werk and te the best ef my knowledge this has not been submitted in this University or anywhere else for the award of any other degree. I am satisfied with the efforts made by Mr. Shamsudheen P.V. in this regard. )IN ) SUPERVISOR t •hmmm^n^ m• mII M,w 1m> PREFACl (i) HISTORY Of AVXATXQK 1 «. S l*i B«tllocm Ascent 3 1«2 The alrshln 3 1*3 The Aeroplane 4 CHAPTl^R - j[I GROWTH OP '^IVIL AVIATICMJ IN INDIA 6 • 14 IX,1 Post war Era 8 11.2 Night Air Mail service 10 11.3 International operations 10 11.4 Air Transport Inquiry Committee 11 11.5 Nationalisation 12 11.6 Post Nationalisation Era 13 CHAPTER - III NATURE /J3D OBJECTIVES OF AIR TRWSPORT 15 » 25 IIX.l Objectives 15 XII«2 Natttre of Air Traniport 17 CHAPTER • |V FACILITIES FOR AIR TRAVEL 26 -37 XV«i TeXeeommmieation service 26 XV«2 Meteorological service 27 XV«3 Surveying a route 26 ZV^t Selection of Aircraft 29 ZV«8 utilisation of Aircraft 31 X1P«ft Pereonnol UtilltNitlon 32 ZV«7 Short-haul opereticms 32 Vf^9 Long-haul qp«nitiont 33 ZT«t Loeel and feeder line Qf»f|NitiQns 34 ^^^ fttatistieel units l» Ai# t««nin»ort 14 UroXAM AIH MH«8 38 - 49 ¥•1 functions of th« corporations 39 V.2 Organisational sat up 41 V,3 Poard of Directors *2 V.4 ?«rforraanca of Indian Airlinas 42 CHAPTER - 32. AIR INDIA 50 -» 78 VI.1 World war II 51 VI,2 Post war period 52 VI,3 Overseas services 53 VI,4 l^ationallsation 54 VI, 5 expansion y^ 55 VI,6 Jet Age y^ 55 VI,7 Trans-Atlant-ic route"'^ 56 VI.8 The Jumbo Ag«s ^7 VI,9 facilities 58 VI, 10 Coirrouterisatlon 59 VI,11 Tourism *0 VI.12 Subsidiary Companies *0 VI,13 Performance of Air-India ^1 CHAPTER » VJi REVIEW AND RECOMMENDATIONS 79 - 10( VII,1 Accidents in India 81 VXI,2 Cargo Transportation 82 VII,3 Export 8^ VII.4 H«w set up 88 VQS Airline Econoriiics 91 VIZ«i India's share in world Traffic 93 VII«7 Gsnsral 'Recommendations 96 CHARTS ""' 1^ PasS«Bgers carried by I-dian Airlines 1971-1980 2m Passengers carried by National carriers 1971-1980 3, ©pefating Revenue earned Domestic Scheduled service 1971-1980 4« il^rating Revenue earned International icheduled services 1971-80 mmmmfomt (i) Air transport In India has vary much axpandad in recent years with the r^^suit that It has helpad in the dsveloiMMHit of national aeonomy and international air traval to India* Vfe can rightly claim tha distinction of having organised the %K>rld*8 first air mail flight as far back as February 1911. But for the next twenty years nothing of significance happened in India and scheduled civil air services did not start until 1932, Since then there has been a spectacular progress in civil aviation. India occupies an important geographical place as a result of which th^re are major air routes of the world located across Indian air space. Consequently# air transnorl: has developed considerably, resulting in increase in trade and world co-^Tmerce, travel and tourist traffic and cummunlcatlon. This disserta*-ion mainly deals with the growth and ^future propects of civil aviation In India. The contents I this dissertation have kmen brought up^to-date except in so for the data/information not available. The first chapter contains a brief history of aviation beginning with the crude expriment of the balloon ascent and finally designing a motor driv«n aeroplane to conguer the sky. Ui) Ifhm mmcenA ehnptcr pr«8«nt9 the grewth of aviation in India. Xt «l«o includes tha nationaliaation of tha civil aviation and its devoloiMiiant in tha post nationalisation ara. Third ehaptar focuses attention on the nature and objectives of air transport. The progress of civil aviation depends a great deal on the nxjunber of airports and facilities available there. The fourth chapter discusses the essential facilities needed for air travel. A detaili»d discussion of the statisfctcal unit and terms used In air transport is giv«m at the end of this chapter. , Indian Airlines corporation, Jts functions, organlsa- tional set up and its performance In the rec«»nt years have heen discus:sed in the fifth chapter. An economic analysis of its operations has becmearried out here. The sixth chapter is wholly devoted to air-India. It mainly deals with the formation of tha eorporation, its development during the fifty years of service and a aritical analysis of its operations sinoe its inception. A considerable share of time and space is devoted to this topic« The seventh and the last chapter of this work presents the review of civil aviation and general reconmiendation^* (iii) ACKW0WliSPQEM8t»T I would lik« to convey my profound gratitude to Prof, Hafiz Uddin chairman* D«partm«nt of Buslnctss Administration and Dean, Faculty of <x)OTnerce, under whose supervision this dissertation was carried out. He offered his indispensable advice and guidance with greatest generosity, I am also grateful to my teachers. Or, N, Hasan, Mr, K.M, Khan, Mr, S,A. Haleem and Mr, &,M, Ozalr for giving their ideata from time to time, I would be failing in my duty if I do not acknowledge T)r, S, Ehatt, Deputy r)irector Air Transport who very kindly extended every possible assistance in nursuading the stvidy at Delhi, I also express my immense gratitude to Mr, Jafri, Library inchSrge, DOCA office, Delhi, Mrs, Prakash, Public Relations officer, Air-India and Mrs, Kumar, laison officer, Air-India for their most painst'aking and friendly fA^ooperation , -Ih^^X." SHAMSUDHSEN P,V. 1 HISTORY OF AVIATION Th« first att«mpt to fly of ^ich pro6f existswas in 1507 by tha Italian. John Damian* ii<ho was attached to the court of King James IV of Scotland* He made wings from feathf»rs and Jumped into air from the top of the wall of sterling castle, fell to the ground and broke his leg, A Frenchman, Marquis de Bacguisville met a similar fate in 1742 in an attpmnt to glide. These and various othr«r widely scattr-red and unrelated ex'^eriments reached their climax in 1783 when the first huTian flioht was at last achieved in a balloon dpvin«d by Montaolfier "rothrrs, '^ey constructiod a balloon of llnenllnod car^r which had a circumference of 110 feet vflien it was released June 5, 1783 it rose to the heioht of 6000 f«»et. In September they tried a big bslloon. In a basket attached to bhis balloon a sheap, a cock and a duck were carried. Immediately thereafter the idea of constructing a balloon v^ich could carry men aboard took shape and in November 1783, all the world was startled by the story of pAlatre d« Rolser and Marquis of Arlande's flight in the balloon* This miEMnorable event took place in front of the kin^ and queen of franee and a larg«> public. The balloon rose to a h«lQht of about 400 fe«t and sallod ma^eatieallT •cross th« eity of Paris* About the sama period hydrogen was discovered and a £r«nchmsai# Ceasar Chetrlea made his first aac«it on the first of Dee©n«b»?r 1783 in a hydrogen balloon. ( Two years later, on 7th January 1785# the first balloon voyage across the English channel was accomplished by the celebrat^^ aeronaut, Jean Pierri Blancherd and Dr, Jaffrles, an American physician. I.l BALLOON ASCKNTS IN INDIA i The credit for the first balloon ascpnt in India belongs to f'r. Joseph Ly^n who t ok off from the Lol ^agh gardens in Bombay at 4.40 pm, on the 24th November ir77. The alloon descended at Dadir after having an elevalon of 7500 feet, Mr, Perclvel Sponcer also made an accent in 1B89, / The aeronaut of today may look disdainfully at the balloon or' dt'~"' ^'^*^ "'^y ignore it as crude experiment during the evolutionary stage of aviation technology. But it is undeniable that the balloon occupies a place of unrivalled honour in the galaxy of inventions and discoveries on which the progress and develoiMnen^ of aviation thrives. 3 XA IftSl* Henri QiMmrAs th« irell irnenm frraich desipier of railway loeoitiotiv«« 6mvmlopmA a ISO lb«« St«aRi ongin* of 3 H,P, Two yaara later thi» «ngine he mounted on an hydrogen filled aircraft and took off from Hippo drome in Petris to a height of 6000 feet* Flying at a speed of six miles per hour* he d«tnon8trat*»d the iroinoeuverability of the apparatus by turning in circles in the air.
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