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Accident Black Spots in Ondo State, Nigeria: Implications for Transportation Planning

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Accident Black Spots in Ondo State, Nigeria: Implications for Transportation Planning Journal of Geography and Planning Sciences Volume 3, Number 2, 2018 ISSN 2006 – 1226 ACCIDENT BLACK SPOTS IN ONDO STATE, NIGERIA: IMPLICATIONS FOR TRANSPORTATION PLANNING OGUNBODEDE, Emman Funlayo 1 , OLURA NKINSE, Felix 2 , OLABODE, Abiodun Daniel 1 and ALE, Adeniyi Samuel 1 Department Of Geography & Planning Sciences 1 and Department Of Accountancy2, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria. [email protected] Abstract Road Traffic Accidents (RTAs) is a major source of tragedies. Information at different levels is therefore required for development of warning system for its (RTA’s) reduction. This study therefore identified major accident black spots in Ondo State and evaluated perception of residents around the dominant accident spots (blackspots) in the state The accident black spots in Ondo State were obtained from Ondo State Police Command and supplemented by accident reports from the State office of the Federal Road Safety Corps (FRSC), and perception of residents within 600 m radius of identified accident scene were purposively examined (with questionnaire)to elicit information on major causes of accident , rescue techniques each time it occurs, frequency of accidents at the spots and solutions to accidents in the area. Findings showed that black spots were characterized by bends, pot holes, over speeding and vehicular overtakes hill brows. The objective of this study is to identify major accident black sports in Ondo State and determine reasons why accidents are peculiar in such areas. Accident occurs in a flash and cause damages to vehicles as well as human bodies. With this study, road traffic accidents can be classified in three categories in Ondo state: Minor accidents (light damage to vehicle, no injury), Serious accidents (heavy damage to vehicle with injury but no death) and 66 Journal of Geography and Planning Sciences Volume 3, Number 2, 2018 ISSN 2006 – 1226 Fatal accidents (when death occurs) .To ensure that Road Traffic Crashes are reduced to the barest minimum in Ondo State, constant maintenance of Roads should be embarked upon, road worthy Vehicles should be encouraged and drivers should be trained and retrained from time to time. The paper therefore recommends that Road safety issue should not be left alone for the agents like police and FRSC. It should be the joint responsibilities of the commission, the state government and everybody. Keywords: Traffic, Accident, Black spot, and Planning 1.0 Introduction Road Traffic Accident is unarguably one of the major tragedies confronting man in the world today. The magnitude is on the increase while the trend cuts across all tribes and races and discriminates no boundary (Austin 2010). Unfortunately, the rising tide of global problem has continued to outstrip all efforts to curtail it. Such efforts in major parts of the world especially in all motorizing nations are yet to provide solutions to this problem. Accident has dealt devastation blows to families, communities and the country at large whenever it occurs (Federal Road Safety Commission 2005). This has resulted to loss of manpower as a result of injury or death. During year 2004, World Health Day Anniversary, it was revealed that RTA kill approximately 1.2 million people and injure or disable about 50 million around the world each year with over 80 percent of these causalities occurring in developing countries (Akinola, 2005) Therefore, the issue of RTA in Ondo State poses a great problem which has led to the need to ascertain the true position. Some reports have it that Ondo now ranks tenth in road accident mortality rate in Nigeria in spite of different measures put in place by the Federal Government to curb the surge on the Nigeria roads. 1.2 Statement of Problem To battle road crashes, it is important for all road users to obey the rules and regulations governing the use of high ways. Unfortunately, incessant disobedience to traffic rules and regulations on the part of road users has been noted to be one of the major causes of road traffic accident mostly in the developing nations like Nigeria and more importantly in the study area. Equally germane to the enactment of road usage is stringent enforcement by enforcement agents on road usage regulations. This is because laws by themselves are not sufficient deterrent, if machinery for regulation and apprehension is not institutionalized. For laws to be effectual, stringent enforcement, regulations, and sanctions must be properly put in place (Akinola 2005) The environmental factor consists principally of the weather and climatic conditions. Torrential rainfalls and extreme sunshine subject roads to early deterioration. "Driving becomes much more difficult and hazardous when visibility is blurred by weather conditions such as rain, moist, fog, harmattan, dust or other related factors". Roads become slippery when they are wet and become impassable if there is flood. Other factors that may cause environmental hazards include indiscriminate dumping and abandoning of wrecked vehicles, wrongly-packed broken- down vehicles, trees and poles, animal herding, abandoned stones, woods or other hard objects used for raising vehicles or as chocks when motorists change deflated tyres on the road. These objects often cause accidents because other vehicles may run into them if they are not properly 67 Journal of Geography and Planning Sciences Volume 3, Number 2, 2018 ISSN 2006 – 1226 disposed off after use. The aim of this study is to identify major accident black spots in Ondo State and determine reasons why accidents are peculiar to such areas. In view of this, the researchers therefore, assumed that: First, Most of the accidents that occurred in Ondo State happen along some particular spots. Second, that in spite of the fact that such accidents occurred at a particular spot, Government has not deemed it fit to examine the causes of such accident with a view to using it to suggest solutions to the problems of RTA in Ondo State, third,that road safety facilities are not adequate and in use in Ondo State especially Towing Trucks and patrol vehicles. Forth, most of the accidents that occurred and are fatal in Ondo state, happen in the night and lastly the presence and patrol of FRSC on the high ways have cautioned the drivers and by implications reduced RTA on our roads. 2. CONCEPTUAL/THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK No matter how one drives, these is always a chance that accident will happen and no one can predict when it may happen. In other words, road accident is unpredictable. It usually occurs at any given time with or without warning signal(s) to motorists and other road users. However, accidents do not just happen, every accident has a cause. The cause may be external to the individual or it may be within or it may result from both sources. But with broad based knowledge of road safety, the worst road accident can be prevented or avoided. Many are the causes of RTA; however, there are four major ones namely; Human, Mechanical, Road and Environmental. Human Factor is capable of causing RTA and it often results from unsafe interaction with other road users or any other causative agent of road accidents. According to Oyeyemi (2003) "Human factor constitute about 80 percent of the causes of road traffic accidents recorded in the country". Ogunbodede, Olurankinse and Ilesanmi (2008) identified "road user's error" as the main cause of at least 70 percent to road accidents. Onakomaiya, (1988) agreed that a greater percentage of accident is attributable to human factor and regarded the highways and vehicles as mere passive agents of mobility. The Revised Highway Code highlighted some specific avoidable causes of road accident to include the following: Over- confidence: Drivers often feel that they are masters of the vehicle. Speeding: Accident at high speed are more disastrous than accidents at low speed. Concentration: Drivers often talk, eat, gesticulate, wave to and stare at passing friends, light cigarettes, smoke, calling and receiving phone calls and change cassettes while driving. This lack of concentration is dangerous as it takes only seconds for accident to occur. Similarly, driving long distance, driving after a heavy meal or over-working can cause fatigue. Alcohol intake can cause over-confidence, poor judgment and recklessness. Drivers often do not check their vehicles to ensure that they are in good condition for the road before setting out on a journey. Some drivers of broken down vehicles do not give adequate warning signs to approaching vehicles and as such others run into their vehicles. Careless overtaking and poor judgment combine to cause accidents. Mechanical Factor: Mechanical factor is the issue of the road worthiness of a vehicle. This has to do with the mechanical fitness of the motor vehicle. If all of the vehicles plying Nigerian roads, especially the commercial ones, are subjected to Potential Mechanical Defect Test (PMDT), the percentage that will contravene existing traffic rules and regulations will be noticeably unbelievable as majority will rank as junks. Oyeyemi (2003) observed that: "The abundance of mechanically defective vehicles is common sights on our roads". According to 68 Journal of Geography and Planning Sciences Volume 3, Number 2, 2018 ISSN 2006 – 1226 Oyeyemi (2003) "Many of these vehicles lack minimum vehicle safety standards". However, it will be difficult to shy away from the fact that popularity of rickety vehicles and the general use of imported second hand vehicles called Tokunbo are not unconnected with the economic realities of the country, albeit maintenance culture is also lacking. More often than not, mechanically induced accidents are incidental to human errors or acts of omission or commission. To keep a vehicle in good mechanical condition, some of the devices that require particular attention are brakes, tyres, steering mechanism, propeller, shaft, lights, trafficators (direction indicators), windscreens, horn and mirrors.
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