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An Assessment of Fish and Fisheries in Impoundments in the Upper Orange-Senqu River Basin and Lower Vaal River Basin
AN ASSESSMENT OF FISH AND FISHERIES IN IMPOUNDMENTS IN THE UPPER ORANGE-SENQU RIVER BASIN AND LOWER VAAL RIVER BASIN Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements in respect of the Doctoral Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in the Department of Zoology and Entomology in the Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences at the University of the Free State by LEON MARTIN BARKHUIZEN 1 July 2015 Promoters: Prof. O.L.F. Weyl and Prof. J.G. van As Table of contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................................ vi Acknowledgements .............................................................................................................................. ix List of tables ....................................................................................................................................... xii List of figures ....................................................................................................................................... xv List of some acronyms used in text .................................................................................................. xviii Chapter 1 General introduction and thesis outline ...................................................................... 1 Chapter 2 General Literature Review ........................................................................................... 7 2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ -
Heritage Report-Paul Roux
Phase 1 Heritage Impact Assessment for proposed new 1.5 km-long underground sewerage pipeline in Paul Roux, Thabo Mofutsanyane District Municipality, Free State Province. Report prepared by Paleo Field Services PO Box 38806, Langenhovenpark 9330 16 / 02 / 2020 Summary A heritage impact assessment was carried for a proposed new 1.5 km-long underground sewerage pipeline in Paul Roux in the Thabo Mofutsanyane District Municipality, Free State Province. The study area is situated on the farm Farm Mary Ann 712, next to the N5 national road covering a section of the Sand River floodplain which is located on the eastern outskirts of Paul Roux . The proposed footprint is underlain by well-developed alluvial and geologically recent overbank sediments of the Sand River. Investigation of exposed alluvial cuttings next to the bridge crossing shows little evidence of intact Quaternary fossil remains. Potentially fossil-bearing Tarkastad Subgroup and younger Molteno Formation strata are exposed to the southwest of the study area. These outcrops will not be impacted by the proposed development. There are no major palaeontological grounds to suspend the proposed development. The study area consists for the most part of open grassland currently used for cattle grazing. The foot survey revealed little evidence of in situ Stone Age archaeological material, capped or distributed as surface scatters on the landscape. There are also no indications of rock art, prehistoric structures or other historical structures or buildings older than 60 years within the vicinity of the study area. A large cemetery is located directly west of the proposed footprint. The modern bridge construction at the Sand River crossing is not considered to be of historical significance. -
Early History of South Africa
THE EARLY HISTORY OF SOUTH AFRICA EVOLUTION OF AFRICAN SOCIETIES . .3 SOUTH AFRICA: THE EARLY INHABITANTS . .5 THE KHOISAN . .6 The San (Bushmen) . .6 The Khoikhoi (Hottentots) . .8 BLACK SETTLEMENT . .9 THE NGUNI . .9 The Xhosa . .10 The Zulu . .11 The Ndebele . .12 The Swazi . .13 THE SOTHO . .13 The Western Sotho . .14 The Southern Sotho . .14 The Northern Sotho (Bapedi) . .14 THE VENDA . .15 THE MASHANGANA-TSONGA . .15 THE MFECANE/DIFAQANE (Total war) Dingiswayo . .16 Shaka . .16 Dingane . .18 Mzilikazi . .19 Soshangane . .20 Mmantatise . .21 Sikonyela . .21 Moshweshwe . .22 Consequences of the Mfecane/Difaqane . .23 Page 1 EUROPEAN INTERESTS The Portuguese . .24 The British . .24 The Dutch . .25 The French . .25 THE SLAVES . .22 THE TREKBOERS (MIGRATING FARMERS) . .27 EUROPEAN OCCUPATIONS OF THE CAPE British Occupation (1795 - 1803) . .29 Batavian rule 1803 - 1806 . .29 Second British Occupation: 1806 . .31 British Governors . .32 Slagtersnek Rebellion . .32 The British Settlers 1820 . .32 THE GREAT TREK Causes of the Great Trek . .34 Different Trek groups . .35 Trichardt and Van Rensburg . .35 Andries Hendrik Potgieter . .35 Gerrit Maritz . .36 Piet Retief . .36 Piet Uys . .36 Voortrekkers in Zululand and Natal . .37 Voortrekker settlement in the Transvaal . .38 Voortrekker settlement in the Orange Free State . .39 THE DISCOVERY OF DIAMONDS AND GOLD . .41 Page 2 EVOLUTION OF AFRICAN SOCIETIES Humankind had its earliest origins in Africa The introduction of iron changed the African and the story of life in South Africa has continent irrevocably and was a large step proven to be a micro-study of life on the forwards in the development of the people. -
History 1886
How many bones must you bury before you can call yourself an African? Updated December 2009 A South African Diary: Contested Identity, My Family - Our Story Part D: 1886 - 1909 Compiled by: Dr. Anthony Turton [email protected] Caution in the use and interpretation of these data This document consists of events data presented in chronological order. It is designed to give the reader an insight into the complex drivers at work over time, by showing how many events were occurring simultaneously. It is also designed to guide future research by serious scholars, who would verify all data independently as a matter of sound scholarship and never accept this as being valid in its own right. Read together, they indicate a trend, whereas read in isolation, they become sterile facts devoid of much meaning. Given that they are “facts”, their origin is generally not cited, as a fact belongs to nobody. On occasion where an interpretation is made, then the commentator’s name is cited as appropriate. Where similar information is shown for different dates, it is because some confusion exists on the exact detail of that event, so the reader must use caution when interpreting it, because a “fact” is something over which no alternate interpretation can be given. These events data are considered by the author to be relevant, based on his professional experience as a trained researcher. Own judgement must be used at all times . All users are urged to verify these data independently. The individual selection of data also represents the author’s bias, so the dataset must not be regarded as being complete. -
TV on the Afrikaans Cinematic Film Industry, C.1976-C.1986
Competing Audio-visual Industries: A business history of the influence of SABC- TV on the Afrikaans cinematic film industry, c.1976-c.1986 by Coenraad Johannes Coetzee Thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Art and Sciences (History) in the Faculty of Arts and Sciences at Stellenbosch University Supervisor: Dr Anton Ehlers December 2017 Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za THESIS DECLARATION By submitting this thesis electronically, I declare that the entirety of the work contained therein is my own, original work, that I am the sole author thereof (save to the extent explicitly otherwise stated), that reproduction and publication thereof by Stellenbosch University will not infringe any third party rights and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted it for obtaining any qualification. December 2017 Copyright © 2017 Stellenbosch University All rights reserved Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS Historical research frequently requires investigations that have ethical dimensions. Although not to the same extent as in medical experimentation, for example, the social sciences do entail addressing ethical considerations. This research is conducted at the University of Stellenbosch and, as such, must be managed according to the institution’s Framework Policy for the Assurance and Promotion of Ethically Accountable Research at Stellenbosch University. The policy stipulates that all accumulated data must be used for academic purposes exclusively. This study relies on social sources and ensures that the university’s policy on the values and principles of non-maleficence, scientific validity and integrity is followed. All participating oral sources were informed on the objectives of the study, the nature of the interviews (such as the use of a tape recorder) and the relevance of their involvement. -
Review of Existing Infrastructure in the Orange River Catchment
Study Name: Orange River Integrated Water Resources Management Plan Report Title: Review of Existing Infrastructure in the Orange River Catchment Submitted By: WRP Consulting Engineers, Jeffares and Green, Sechaba Consulting, WCE Pty Ltd, Water Surveys Botswana (Pty) Ltd Authors: A Jeleni, H Mare Date of Issue: November 2007 Distribution: Botswana: DWA: 2 copies (Katai, Setloboko) Lesotho: Commissioner of Water: 2 copies (Ramosoeu, Nthathakane) Namibia: MAWRD: 2 copies (Amakali) South Africa: DWAF: 2 copies (Pyke, van Niekerk) GTZ: 2 copies (Vogel, Mpho) Reports: Review of Existing Infrastructure in the Orange River Catchment Review of Surface Hydrology in the Orange River Catchment Flood Management Evaluation of the Orange River Review of Groundwater Resources in the Orange River Catchment Environmental Considerations Pertaining to the Orange River Summary of Water Requirements from the Orange River Water Quality in the Orange River Demographic and Economic Activity in the four Orange Basin States Current Analytical Methods and Technical Capacity of the four Orange Basin States Institutional Structures in the four Orange Basin States Legislation and Legal Issues Surrounding the Orange River Catchment Summary Report TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 6 1.1 General ......................................................................................................................... 6 1.2 Objective of the study ................................................................................................ -
An Environmental Management Plan for the Merriespruit Slimes Dam Disaster Area
AN ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR THE MERRIESPRUIT SLIMES DAM DISASTER AREA by THEUNIS JOHANNES DUVENHAGE 9605046 MINI-THESIS submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree MASTER IN NATURAL SCIENCES in GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT in the FACULTY OF NATURAL SCIENCES at the RAND AFRIKAANS UNIVERSITY STUDY LEADER: Dr. J.M. Meeuwis JUNE 1998 The Nation is in the position of a man, bequeathed a fortune, has gone on spending it recklessly, never taking the trouble to ask the amount of his inheritance, or how long it is likely to last. National Conservation Commission (1908) Democracy is not a matter of sentiment, but foresight. Any system that doesn't take the long run into account will burn itself out in the short run. Charles Yost, The Age of Triumph and Frustration Acknowledgements My thanks to my parents for supporting me through the initial part of the study; my wife for helping me seeing it through, Frik Senekal for the printing and design, Annette, Desire and Jacqueline for the typing, Maria de Wet and Virginia Publicity Association for some of the photos, Rob Gillmore at Harmony Gold Mine who took the time to supply me with crucial information. This work is dedicated to the seventeen people who died in the disaster and all the people who helped during the disaster. CONTENTS Page TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES iii LIST OF TABLES ABSTRACT vi OPSOMMING vii SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Preamble 1 1.2 Problem Statement 2 1.3 Aims and Objective 3 1.4 Methodology 4 1.5 Studies Completed or in Progress 5 SECTION 2 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 8 2.1 What is an Environmental Management Plan? 8 2.2 The EMP Process 9 SECTION 3 PRE-DISASTER AREA 11 3.1 Locality 11 3.2 Climate 12 3.3 Topography 15 3.4 Geology 16 3.5 Soils 17 3.6 Surface water 18 3.7 Sub-surface water 19 3.8 Pans and wetlands 20 3.9 Biotic component 21 3.9.1 Plants 21 3.9.2 Animals 22 11 3.10 Human aspects 23 3.10.1 Infrastructure 23 3.10.2 Land use 23 SECTION 4 POST-DISASTER AREA 25 4.1 Surface water management 25 4.1.1Surface water quality 25 4. -
A Proposed Procedure for the Identification of Dispersive Soils
Missouri University of Science and Technology Scholars' Mine International Conference on Case Histories in (1988) - Second International Conference on Geotechnical Engineering Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering 02 Jun 1988, 10:30 am - 3:00 pm A Proposed Procedure for the Identification of Dispersive Soils H. J. Von M. Harmse University of Potchefstroom for Christian Higher Education, Potchefstroom, South Africa F. A. Gerber Department of Water Affairs, Pretoria, South Africa Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/icchge Part of the Geotechnical Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Von M. Harmse, H. J. and Gerber, F. A., "A Proposed Procedure for the Identification of Dispersive Soils" (1988). International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering. 3. https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/icchge/2icchge/2icchge-session3/3 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 License. This Article - Conference proceedings is brought to you for free and open access by Scholars' Mine. It has been accepted for inclusion in International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering by an authorized administrator of Scholars' Mine. This work is protected by U. S. Copyright Law. Unauthorized use including reproduction for redistribution requires the permission of the copyright holder. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Proceedings: Second International Conference on Case Histories In Geotechnical Engineering, June 1-5,1988, -
Apartheid Legislation in South Africa
Ralph Glücksmann Apartheid Legislation in South Africa I. Introduction On 31 May 1910 the Union of South Africa was formed as a dominion in the British Empire. It was exactly eight years after the signing of the Treaty of Vereeniging, which had brought the Second Anglo-Boer War to an end and stipulated full British sovereignty over the Boer republics of Transvaal and Orange Free State. Although the South Africa Act 1909 (9 Edw. VII c. 9) was passed by the British Parliament at Westminster, it was wholly constructed by South African representatives in South Africa. Agreement had not been reached without acrimony, and there were times when it seemed that the national convention of representatives of the four colonies Cape, Natal, Transvaal and Orange River might break up among recriminations. Das Kap wurde 1806 britische Kolonie. Davor war das Kap eine niederländische Kolonie, gegründet von der Niederländischen Ostindien-Kompanie (Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie), die vom niederländischen Staat Hoheitsrechte erhalten hatte. Als die Niederlande 1795 im Zuge des ersten Koalitionskrieges von Frankreich be- setzt wurden, nutzten die Briten eine Rebellion in der Kapkolonie, um diese unter ihre Herrschaft zu bringen und den Franzosen zuvorzukommen. 1803 zogen sich die Briten nach dem Frieden von Amiens zunächst wieder zu- rück und überließen das Kap der Batavischen Republik als Rechtsnachfolgerin der 1798 aufgelösten Niederlän- dischen Ostindien-Kompanie. Bereits 1806 annektierte Großbritannien nach der Schlacht von Blauberg die Kap- kolonie jedoch endgültig, nachdem die napoleonischen Kriege in Europa wieder aufgeflammt waren. 1815 wur- de die Abtretung an das britische Kolonialreich auf dem Wiener Kongress von den Niederlanden bestätigt, die als Kompensation die früheren Österreichischen Niederlande erhielten. -
The Boers and the Anglo-Boer War (1899–1902) in the Twentieth-Century Moral Imaginary
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by South East Academic Libraries System (SEALS) Victorian Literature and Culture (2003), 429–446. Printed in the United States of America. Copyright C 2003 Cambridge University Press. 1060-1503/03 $9.50 THE BOERS AND THE ANGLO-BOER WAR (1899–1902) IN THE TWENTIETH-CENTURY MORAL IMAGINARY By M. van Wyk Smith IN 1891 LORD RANDOLPH CHURCHILL, father of the more famous Winston, visited South Africa and the soon-to-be Rhodesia on a trip that was intended to combine big-game hunting with the even more exciting prospects of entering the gold mining business. During the eight months of the visit, Churchill contributed a series of letters to the Daily Graphic on his thoughts and experiences, in one of which he had this to say about the Boers: The Boer farmer personifies useless idleness. Occupying a farm of from six thousand to ten thousand acres, he contents himself with raising a herd of a few hundred head of cattle, which are left almost entirely to the care of the natives whom he employs. It may be asserted, generally with truth, that he never plants a tree, never digs a well, never makes a road, never grows a blade of corn .... He passes his day doing absolutely nothing beyond smoking and drinking coffee. He is perfectly uneducated. With the exception of the Bible, every word of which in its most literal interpretation he believes with fanatical credulity, he never opens a book, he never even reads a newspaper. -
19Th Century Tragedy, Victory, and Divine Providence As the Foundations of an Afrikaner National Identity
Georgia State University ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University History Theses Department of History Spring 5-7-2011 19th Century Tragedy, Victory, and Divine Providence as the Foundations of an Afrikaner National Identity Kevin W. Hudson Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/history_theses Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Hudson, Kevin W., "19th Century Tragedy, Victory, and Divine Providence as the Foundations of an Afrikaner National Identity." Thesis, Georgia State University, 2011. https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/history_theses/45 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of History at ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in History Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 19TH CENTURY TRAGEDY, VICTORY, AND DIVINE PROVIDENCE AS THE FOUNDATIONS OF AN AFRIKANER NATIONAL IDENTITY by KEVIN W. HUDSON Under the DireCtion of Dr. Mohammed Hassen Ali and Dr. Jared Poley ABSTRACT Apart from a sense of racial superiority, which was certainly not unique to white Cape colonists, what is clear is that at the turn of the nineteenth century, Afrikaners were a disparate group. Economically, geographically, educationally, and religiously they were by no means united. Hierarchies existed throughout all cross sections of society. There was little political consciousness and no sense of a nation. Yet by the end of the nineteenth century they had developed a distinct sense of nationalism, indeed of a volk [people; ethnicity] ordained by God. The objective of this thesis is to identify and analyze three key historical events, the emotional sentiments evoked by these nationalistic milestones, and the evolution of a unified Afrikaner identity that would ultimately be used to justify the abhorrent system of apartheid. -
Robert E. Brown (United States) V. Great Britain
REPORTS OF INTERNATIONAL ARBITRAL AWARDS RECUEIL DES SENTENCES ARBITRALES Robert E. Brown (United States) v. Great Britain 23 November 1923 VOLUME VI pp. 120-131 NATIONS UNIES - UNITED NATIONS Copyright (c) 2006 120 GREAT BRITAIN/UNITED STATES by the existing land lines and specified by the Spanish military superior autho- rities. It was, therefore, according to that report, "indispensable to meet this necessity by replacing the land telegraph lines by submarine cables, which will permit the maintenance at all times of connexion and communication between the strategic points of the island" ; and among them, those situated on the south coast between Cienfuegos and Santiago de Cuba were mentioned as being not of less need and importance. In these circumstances the right of the United States to take measures of admittedly legitimate defense against these means of enemy communication was fully justified; if some compensation was due to the Company for the damage done to the cable, it was for the Spanish Government to make it. always supposing that such compensation had not been already considered in the terms agreed upon under the concessions. In our opinion, not only is there no ground of equity upon which an award should be made against the United States, but equity appears to us to be on the side of the United States in their refusal to pay the damages claimed. Now, therefore: The Tribunal decides that the claim be disallowed. ROBERT E. BROWN (UNITED STATES) v. GREAT BRITAIN (November 23, 1923. Pages 187-202.) INTERPRETATION OF MUNICIPAL LAW BY INTERNATIONAL TRIBUNAL, DENIAL OF JUSTICE.