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Mexico–Canada Relations: the Democratic Deficit Poverty: Mexico's

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Mexico–Canada Relations: the Democratic Deficit Poverty: Mexico's JULY 2001 • VOLUME 8 • NUMBER 6 PRACTICAL AND AUTHORITATIVE ANALYSIS OF KEY NATIONAL ISSUES SPECIAL ISSUE ON THE NEW MEXICO UNDER FOX: IS IT HAPPENING? Mexico–Canada relations: FEATURES Mexico–Canada relations: The democratic deficit The democractic deficit Julián Castro Rea, page 109 he assertion that Mexico and BY JULIÁN CASTRO REA Poverty: Mexico’s overwhelming shadow T Canada virtually discovered each Silvia Núñez García, page 109 Julián Castro Rea is a research professor at other over the past few years is common- From the editor, page 110 the Center for Research on North America, place by now. As an unintended result National Autonomous University of Mexico, Los dos amigos: of a similar strategy of seeking institu- and a visiting professor in the Department of The continental slow dance Daniel Drache, page 111 tionalized cooperation to deal with their Political Science, University of Alberta. common foreign priority—the United Over 150 days of Fox’s indigenism Natividad Guitérrez, page 113 States—Canada and Mexico came to re- During the past decade, links between Tex-Mex, border regions, and alize that their parallels go well beyond Mexico and Canada experienced an im- maquiladoras their common neighbour. As a result, pressive quantitative leap forward Alejandro Mercado, page 118 they became aware of the enormous measured in volumes of trade, invest- Building a liberal state in potential for economic and political col- ment, and technical, scientific, cultural, anti-liberal Mexico laboration that had remained untapped and educational cooperation. Some av- Yvon Grenier and Catherine Hirbour, page 122 but now explains the exponential devel- enues for multilateral cooperation were The Mexican energy sector under the opment of the relationship since 1992. Mexico–Canada relations page, 115 Vicente Fox administration Rosío Vargas, page 124 A much-needed fiscal reform Carlos Elizondo Mayer-Serra, page 126 Poverty: Mexico’s Continuity in labour policy: Early signs overwhelming shadow Graciela Bensusán, page 127 From free trade to the basics: Cross-border civil society cooperation “Lack of money is the root of all evil.” BY SILVIA NÚÑEZ GARCÍA in Canada and Mexico — George Bernard Shaw Thomas Legler, page 129 Silvia Núñez García is a researcher at the n an era when Mexico has began to Trading free trade after NAFTA: Center for Research on North America, Do parties play by the rules? Irewrite its history according to “mod- National Autonomous University for Mexico, Isidro Morales, page 131 ern” values—that is, with the rationality and associated scholar with the Center for Canada and Mexico after the imposed by the market economy—a Latin American and Caribbean Studies at Quebec Summit gloomy shadow from the past continues Michigan State University. Edgar J. Dosman and to diminish the country’s expectations Hepzibah Munoz-Martinez, page 134 for a brighter future beyond poverty. In view of recent Mexican experience, Defining Canadian–Mexican relations: The inescapable partnership ... Certainly, the victory of civilian par- we will look at the challenges facing with the United States ticipation that made it possible to over- Vicente Fox’s mandate to strengthen the Arturo Borja, page 136 throw the 70-year ruling-party regime of nation’s capabilities and democratize the the PRI has had an effect on people’s economy. By focusing on the unprec- desires for major change in the political, edented number of Mexicans living in economic, social, and cultural arenas. Poverty, page 120 Canada Watch is a publication of the York University Centre for Public Law and Public Policy and the Robarts Centre for Canadian Studies of York University From the editor PRACTICAL AND AUTHORITATIVE ANALYSIS OF KEY NATIONAL ISSUES Fox’s New Mexico: Is It More Than Smoke and Mirrors? EDITORS-IN-CHIEF Daniel Drache, Robarts Centre for oo few Canadians understand the impor- other necessities. Mexico has one of the most Canadian Studies, York University tance and significance of the Fox admin- leaky tax systems in Latin America and the T Alejandro Mercado, National istration. Not since the coming to power of Castro wealthy—the rich and foreign corporations—do Autonomous University of Mexico over 40 years ago has there been such a signal not pay their fair share. Some experts argue that change in political regime in the hemisphere. the Fox administration does not have to raise MANAGING EDITORS The question is whether the modern presidency taxes but to simply collect the taxes that are Joanne Rappaport and Laura Taman of Fox is all spin thanks to the small army of owed them by rich Mexicans. Its administrative communications specialists he has hired to system is so corrupt and inefficient that one of COLUMNISTS THIS ISSUE give his presidency a modern, forward-looking the first steps the Fox presidency needed to Julián Castro Rea Rosío Vargas image as a branded product. Canadians also take was to reform the government. So far there Silvia Núñez García Thomas Legler want to know whether, beyond the glitter and is little evidence that this task is a priority on his Daniel Drache Graciela Bensusán hoopla, unannounced and unheralded, there legislative agenda. is a quiet revolution happening in Mexico, a Some reform is happening but it is at the Natividad Guitérrez Isidro Morales transition from one-party rule to modern de- edges of government and there is little sign that Alejandro Mercado Edgar J. Dosman mocracy. If there is, what’s the evidence for it? Fox has the political commitment to make a Yvon Grenier Hepzibah Munoz-Martinez This special issue of Canada Watch, “The clean break with the past. Catherine Hirbour Arturo Borja New Mexico Under Fox: Is It Happening?” of- The paradox is that Mexico, like Canada, Carlos Elizondo Mayer-Serra fers a unique behind-the-scenes examination has highly organized, sophisticated, and expe- of the first six months of the Fox administra- rienced social movement groups, which could PRODUCTION tion. All of the contributors are specialists and be a formidable opponent to Fox’s rather disap- WordsWorth Communications the issue is a joint effort of the Robarts Centre pointing start. The fact that increasingly it is the for Canadian Studies and Center of North Ameri- domestic arena that defines Mexico’s foreign CONTACT FOR INFORMATION can Studies (CISEAN), UNAM in Mexico City. policy interests will surprise few. The high-profile Canada Watch Fox, like Chrétien, was elected as a reformer issues for Mexico’s civil society are not those of 227 York Lanes, 4700 Keele St. and an alternative to the discredited neo-liberal the hemisphere. Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3 policies of his predecessor. But the public’s Where does this leave Canada and its relation- Phone (416) 736-5499 confidence with newly elected governments ship with Mexico? Our trade with Mexico is quickly turns to disillusionment if promises are small, even if growing. To raise it to 5 percent of Fax (416) 650-4321 not kept. The result is public apathy, low voter our total exports from its current mini-levels as www.robarts.yorku.ca turnout, and cynicism. As many Mexican con- a share of total exports would take nothing short ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION RATES tributors to this issue contend, the Fox adminis- of a revolution on Canada’s and Mexico’s part. (6 ISSUES PER YEAR) tration enjoyed one of the highest approval rat- Simply put, the glue between Canada and Institutions: $75 ings of any modern presidency, but in many Mexico will never be economic; rather, it will be policy areas the change in political power has geopolitical, to limit U.S. intrusion into Canadian Individuals: $35 been one more of style than substance. Will and Mexican affairs. As contributors to this spe- Students: $20 voter apathy and disillusionment be far behind? cial issue of Canada Watch underline, the fit be- (Outside Canada, add $10) Many Mexicans have become Fox skeptics tween the dos amigos has never been easy, and have lost their innocence about Mexico’s even if (in theory) the timing for a much closer Canada Watch is produced jointly by the York University Centre for Public Law and transition to democracy. Why? relationship could not be better. Politics in inter- Public Policy, and the Robarts Centre for national relations is never a theoretical exercise. Canadian Studies of York University. PUBLIC APATHY AND ANGER So far a closer Canada–Mexico accord has not Copyright © 2001 The Fox government has learned to manage happened naturally, spontaneously, or effortlessly. Centre for Public Law and Public Policy; the public rather than serve its needs and inter- Public policy experts need to get up to speed the Robarts Centre for Canadian Studies ests. So far his administration has not ad- and figure out where the obstacles are. Canadi- Printed in Canada dressed Mexico’s crushing debt. Public sector ans and Mexicans need to look at the different ISSN 1191-7733 debts amount to 48 percent of GDP. With such kinds of initiatives and frameworks that would indebtedness, Fox will have precious few re- lead to a strategic alliance. It seems a lot to ex- sources for addressing Mexico’s most pressing pect and much is riding on it. For 50 years Mexi- social issues—poverty, public housing, health cans and Canadians have been looking at each care, a modern education system, environ- anxiously across the continental dance floor mental issues, and labour reform. and it’s time they learned to fox-trot together. It is disturbing that initially Fox wanted to —Daniel Drache tax the poor more for food, medicine, and Editor-in-chief 110 Canada Watch • July 2001 • Volume 8 • Number 6 HEMISPHERIC RELATIONS Los dos amigos: The continental slow dance A COMMON INTEREST WITHOUT BY DANIEL DRACHE below or on the poverty line.
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