Manon Lescaut Manon Lescaut
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Julio-Agosto 2004
AÑO XIX Nº 188 Julio-Agosto 2004 6 € 2 OPINIÓN Luigi Dallapiccola, cárceles e islas CON NOMBRE Stefano Russomanno 112 PROPIO Petrassi: la poética artesana como tradición y vanguardia 6 Carlo Maria Giulini Tomás Marco 116 Roberto Andrade Dallapiccola y Petrassi en CD 10 AGENDA Juan Manuel Viana 120 12 ACTUALIDAD ENCUENTROS NACIONAL José van Dam Rafael Banús Irusta 126 38 ACTUALIDAD REPORTAJE INTERNACIONAL Tras las huellas de Antonín Dvorák 52 ENTREVISTA Rafael Banús Irusta 130 Rolando Villazón EDUCACIÓN Bruno Serrou Pedro Sarmiento 134 56 Discos del mes EL CANTAR DE SCHERZO DISCOS LOS CANTARES 57 Sumario Arturo Reverter 136 DOSIER LIBROS 137 105 Dallapiccola Petrassi JAZZ 138 cien años LA GUÍA 140 106 Un siglo de música en Italia Francisco Ramos CONTRAPUNTO Norman Lebrecht 144 Colaboran en este número: Teresa Adrán, Javier Alfaya, Daniel Álvarez Vázquez, Julio Andrade Malde, Íñigo Arbiza, Rafael Banús Irusta, Alfredo Brotons Muñoz, Domingo del Campo Castel, José Antonio Cantón, Paulino Capdepón, Carmelo Di Gennaro, Fernando Fraga, Joaquín García, Manuel García Franco, José Antonio García y García, Mario Gerteis, José Guerrero Martín, Leopoldo Hontañón, Bernd Hoppe, Paul Korenhof, Norman Lebrecht, Luciana Leiderfarb, Juan Antonio Llorente, Fiona Maddocks, Nadir Madriles, Tomás Marco, Santiago Martín Bermúdez, Joaquín Martín de Sagarmínaga, Enrique Martínez Miura, Blas Matamoro, Erna Metdepenninghen, Antonio Muñoz Molina, Miguel Ángel Nepomuceno, Josep Pascual, Enrique Pérez Adrián, Javier Pérez Senz, Pablo Queipo de Llano Ocaña, Francisco Ramos, Arturo Reverter, Justo Romero, Stefano Russomanno, Ignacio Sánchez Quirós, Pablo Sanz, Pedro Sarmiento, Bruno Serrou, Franco Soda, José Luis Téllez, Juan Manuel Viana, Claire Vaquero Williams, Asier Vallejo Ugarte, Pablo J. -
Manon Lescaut
CopertaToPrint_lsc:v 18-01-2010 10:57 Pagina 1 1 La Fenice prima dell’Opera 2010 1 2010 Fondazione Stagione 2010 Teatro La Fenice di Venezia Lirica e Balletto Giacomo Puccini Manon escaut L Lescaut anon anon m uccini p iacomo iacomo g FONDAZIONE TEATRO LA FENICE DI VENEZIA CopertaToPrint_lsc:v 18-01-2010 10:57 Pagina 2 foto © Michele Crosera Visite a Teatro Eventi Gestione Bookshop e merchandising Teatro La Fenice Gestione marchio Teatro La Fenice® Caffetteria Pubblicità Sponsorizzazioni Fund raising Per informazioni: Fest srl, Fenice Servizi Teatrali San Marco 4387, 30124 Venezia Tel: +39 041 786672 - Fax: +39 041 786677 [email protected] - www.festfenice.com FONDAZIONE AMICI DELLA FENICE STAGIONE 2010 Incontro con l’opera Teatro La Fenice - Sale Apollinee lunedì 25 gennaio 2010 ore 18.00 LUCA MOSCA Manon Lescaut Teatro La Fenice - Sale Apollinee venerdì 5 febbraio 2010 ore 18.00 PIERO MIOLI Il barbiere di Siviglia Teatro La Fenice - Sale Apollinee mercoledì 10 marzo 2010 ore 18.00 ENZO RESTAGNO Dido and Aeneas Teatro La Fenice - Sale Apollinee venerdì 14 maggio 2010 ore 18.00 LORENZO ARRUGA Don Giovanni Teatro La Fenice - Sale Apollinee lunedì 21 giugno 2010 ore 18.00 GIORGIO PESTELLI The Turn of the Screw Teatro La Fenice - Sale Apollinee mercoledì 22 settembre 2010 ore 18.00 Clavicembalo francese a due manuali copia dello MICHELE DALL’ONGARO strumento di Goermans-Taskin, costruito attorno alla metà del XVIII secolo (originale presso la Russell Rigoletto Collection di Edimburgo). Opera del M° cembalaro Luca Vismara di Seregno Teatro La Fenice - Sale Apollinee (MI); ultimato nel gennaio 1998. -
Cavalleria Rusticana I Pagliacci Usporedno Sa Sve Brojnijim Izvedbama Prvi Su Put Zajedno Izvedeni 22
P. Mascagni CAVALLERIA RUSTICANA R. Leoncavallo: I PAGLIAccI Nedjelja, 3. svibnja 2015., 18:30 sati. Foto: Metropolitan opera P. Mascagni CAVALLERIA RUSTICANA R. Leoncavallo: I PAGLIAccI Nedjelja, 3. svibnja 2015., 18:30 sati. THE MET: LIVE IN HD SERIES IS MADE POSSIBLE BY A GENEROUS GRANT FROM ITS FOUNDING SPONZOR Neubauer Family Foundation GLOBAL CORPORATE SPONSORSHIP OF THE MET LIVE IN HD IS PROVIDED BY THE HD BRODCASTS ARE SUPPORTED BY Pietro Mascagni CAVALLERIA RUSTICANA Opera u jednom činu Libreto: Giovanni Targioni-Tozzetti i Guido Menasci prema istoimenoj noveli Giovannija Verge NEDJELJA, 3. SVIBNJA 2015. POčETAK U 18 SATI I 30 MINUTA. Praizvedba: Teatro Costanzi, Rim, 17. svibnja 1890. Prva hrvatska izvedba: Druga operna stagiona, Zagreb, 29. svibnja 1893. Prva izvedba ansambla Metropolitana 4. prosinca 1891. u Chicagu Premijera ove izvedbe u Metropolitanu: 14. travnja 2015. ZBOR I ORKESTAR METROPOLITANA SANTUZZA Eva-Maria Westbroek ZBORovođa Donald Palumbo TURIDDU Marcelo Álvarez DIRIGENT Fabio Luisi ALFIO George Gagnidze REDATELJ David McVicar LUCIA Jane Bunnell SCENOGRAF Rae Smith LOLA Ginger Costa-Jackson Tekst: talijanski Stanka poslije Cavallerije rusticane. Titlovi: engleski Svršetak oko 22 sata. Ruggero Leoncavallo I PAGLIACCI Foto:Metropolitan opera Opera u dva čina s prologom Libreto: skladatelj NEDJELJA, 3. SVIBNJA 2015. POčETAK U 18 SATI I 30 MINUTA. Praizvedba: Teatro Dal Verme, Milano, 21. kolovoza 1892. Prva hrvatska izvedba: Treća operna stagiona, Zagreb, 22. travnja 1894. Prva izvedba u Metropolitanu: 11. prosinca 1893. Premijera ove izvedbe u Metropolitanu: 25. travnja 2015. KOSTIMOGRAF Moritz Junge CANIO/PAGLIACCIO Marcelo Álvarez OBLIKOVATELJICA RASVJETE Paule Constable NEDDA/COLOMBINA Patricia Racette KOREOGRAF Andrew George TONIO/TADDEO George Gagnidze KONZULTANT ZA VODVILJ Emil Wolk BEPPE/ARLECCHINO Andrew Stenson SILVIO Lucas Meachem Tekst: talijanski Titlovi: engleski CAVALLERIA RUSTICANA Radnja se događa na Uskrs u sicilijanskom selu. -
[T] IMRE PALLÓ
VOCAL 78 rpm Discs FRANZ (FRANTISEK) PÁCAL [t]. Leitomischi, Austria, 1865-Nepomuk, Czechoslo- vakia, 1938. First an orchestral violinist, Pácal then studied voice with Gustav Walter in Vienna and sang as a chorister in Cologne, Bremen and Graz. In 1895 he became a member of the Vienna Hofoper and had a great success there in 1897 singing the small role of the Fisherman in Rossini’s William Tell. He then was promoted to leading roles and remained in Vienna through 1905. Unfor- tunately he and the Opera’s director, Gustav Mahler, didn’t get along, despite Pacal having instructed his son to kiss Mahler’s hand in public (behavior Mahler considered obsequious). Pacal stated that Mahler ruined his career, calling him “talentless” and “humiliating me in front of all the Opera personnel.” We don’t know what happened to invoke Mahler’s wrath but we do know that Pácal sent Mahler a letter in 1906, unsuccessfully begging for another chance. Leaving Vienna, Pácal then sang with the Prague National Opera, in Riga and finally in Posen. His rare records demonstate a fine voice with considerable ring in the upper register. -Internet sources 1858. 10” Blk. Wien G&T 43832 [891x-Do-2z]. FRÜHLINGSZEIT (Becker). Very tiny rim chip blank side only. Very fine copy, just about 2. $60.00. GIUSEPPE PACINI [b]. Firenze, 1862-1910. His debut was in Firenze, 1887, in Verdi’s I due Foscari. In 1895 he appeared at La Scala in the premieres of Mascagni’s Guglielmo Ratcliff and Silvano. Other engagements at La Scala followed, as well as at the Rome Costanzi, 1903 (with Caruso in Aida) and other prominent Italian houses. -
Macfarren 2 660306-07 Bk Macfarren 16/08/2011 14:22 Page 16
660306-07 bk Macfarren 2_660306-07 bk Macfarren 16/08/2011 14:22 Page 16 2 CDs George Alexander MACFARREN Robin Hood Spence • Jordan • Ashman • Mackenzie-Wicks Hulbert • Molloy • Hurst • Knox John Powell Singers Victorian Opera Chorus and Orchestra 8.660306-07 16 Ronald Corp 660306-07 bk Macfarren 2_660306-07 bk Macfarren 16/08/2011 14:22 Page 2 George Alexander MACFARREN (1813-1887) Robin Hood A romantic English Opera in three acts Libretto by John Oxenford (1812-1877) Performing Edition by Valerie Langfield Robin Hood (in disguise as Locksley) . Nicky Spence, Tenor Sir Reginald d’Bracy (Sheriff of Nottingham) . George Hulbert, Baritone Hugo (Sompnour, Collector of Abbey dues) . Louis Hurst, Bass Allan-a-Dale (a young peasant) . Andrew Mackenzie-Wicks, Tenor Little John John Molloy, Bass (Outlaws) Much, the Miller’s son} { Alex Knox, Baritone Marian (daughter of Sheriff) . Kay Jordan, Soprano Alice (her attendant) . Magdalen Ashman, Mezzo-soprano Villagers, Citizens and Greenwood men . John Powell Singers and Victorian Opera Chorus Knighted at Windsor Castle on the same day in 1883 George Macfarren was knighted for his services to English music at the same time as Arthur Sullivan, composer (another Royal Academy of Music alumnus), and George Grove, first director of the Victorian Opera Orchestra Royal College of Music and Grove!s Musical Dictionary founder. Ronald Corp Musical Director: Ronald Corp Assistant Conductor: Duncan Ward • Chorus-masters: Marc Hall and John Powell Executive Producer: Raymond J Walker • Research: David Chandler -
Theater Plakate
ZUR PERSON Geboren am 17. Juni 1940 in Berlin • Tischlerlehre und Tätigkeit in verschiedenen Berufen • Hochschulreife an der ABF (Arbeiter- und Bauernfakultät) • Werbe-Grafik-Ausbildung an der FAK (Fachschule für ange wandte Kunst Berlin) 1969 Anerkennung als Gebrauchsgrafiker beim VBK 1972 Anerkennung als Bühnenbildner beim VBK • Seit 1964 etwa 30 Arbeiten als Gestalter nationaler und internationaler Messen 1965–1967 Ausstellungsbau und -grafik, Konzeption, Publi- kationen und Plakate im Museum für Ur- und Frühgeschichte Potsdam 1970–1973 Entwurfsarbeiten und Entwicklung verschiedener Schau- fenster- und Ausstellungssysteme für VEB Exquisit 1987–1991 etwa 10 Arbeiten baugebundener Kunst: z. B. Denkmal „Stühle“ in Berlin- Hohenschönhausen (mit R. Rehfeldt), Umgestaltung einer Schule in Berlin-Friedrichshain, Innenausbau und Wandgestaltung Kinokomplex Cinemaxx in Essen 1966 erste Arbeit am Theater (Schauspiel „Mac- beth“ in Parchim) 1967–1971 Bühnenbild-Assistent an der Komischen Oper Berlin 1972–1999 Bühnenbildner an der Komischen Oper Berlin TE Mehr Informationen finden sie unter www.hartmut-henning.de A K A L P R THEATE HARTMUT HENNING HENNING HARTMUT THEATER HARTMUT HENNING PLAKATE THEATER HARTMUT HENNING PLAKATE THEATER HARTMUT HENNING PLAKATE WWW.HARTMUTHENNING.DE ML = Musikalische Leitung . R = Regie . CH = Choreographie . I = Inszenierung B = Bühnenbild . K = Kostüme . D = Dramaturgie Plakatverzeichnis Der tolle Tag Deutsches eater Berlin . .6 Die Hochzeit des Figaro ballett classic Komische Oper Berlin . .8 Komische Oper Berlin . 70 Umwege Friedrich-Wolf-eater Neustrelitz . 10 Don Giovanni Komische Oper Berlin . 72 Don Carlos Opera i Operetka w Bydgoszczy . 12 Orpheus und Eurydike Komische Oper Berlin . 74 Aschenbrödel Komische Oper Berlin . 14 Das Rheingold/Die Walküre/Siegfried/ Moses und Aron Staatstheater Dresden . 16 Götterdämmerung Landesbühne Magdeburg 76 Mahagonny Komische Oper Berlin . -
Tema 7. Escenografía
WAGNERIANA CASTELLANA Nº 53 AÑO 2005 TEMA 7. ESCENOGRAFÍA TÍTULO: “REGIETHEATER”, EL VENENO DE LA OPERA AUTOR: Marcel Prawy “Las palabras bellas no son verdad, las palabras veraces no son bellas.” Esto es lo que cree Lao- Tse. “Regietheater” es un teatro dictado y dominado por el regidor. Esto es para el mundo de la ópera lo que el Sida para el cuerpo humano. Es deber del regidor contar clara y comprensible, al público de hoy, la obra creada por el autor. Cuando lo cuenta de manera incomprensible, si cabe más incomprensible que la pieza misma, ha fracasado. Cuando cuenta la obra de manera diferente a como el autor la ha previsto – cuando según su antojo cambia el contenido de la pieza – engaña al público y este tiene derecho a pedir que le devuelvan el dinero de la entrada. La libertad artística del regidor, en su proyecto visual, tiene los mismos límites que tiene el director de orquesta ante la música. La puesta en escena ha tenido siempre una gran importancia en la historia de la Ópera. Hoy esto es ignorado por los regidores y además, si lo saben, no les importa nada en absoluto. ¿Cómo se logra a través del decorado que sean comprensibles las diferentes fases de la acción? ¿Cómo se crean entradas impresionantes? ¿Cómo se ilumina de manera que la mujer aparezca bella? ¿Dónde se coloca un cantante para que su voz suene lo mejor posible? Es peligroso que el regidor sea quien reparta los papeles, cosa frecuente hoy en día, cuando lo mejor es que sea el director de orquesta quien los escoja. -
The Maid of Artois (Canpion Cameo - Cam€O 2042-3)
L7 Kay Jordan does very well indeed with a title-role straight out of the Guinness Book of Records, the beautiful sounds she makes truly evoke the glamour of its unique progenitor and would have justified this project even if the orchestra and conductor had not been so good. In fact both are excellent. The presentation of the recording, its packaging, its sound quality, its notes with complete libretto, all are first-rate. As an example of resource, of clarity, of sheer resiliance, Victorian Opera from its Northem fastness shows the inert Metropolis what can be done with modest means. Is it too much to hope that the latter will one day learn some lessons? A\ry The Maid of Artois (Canpion Cameo - Cam€o 2042-3) We live in a strange land whcre the collective mind seems to revolve around cars, beer to excess, the latest chipboard kilchens, golf and the media. The remarkable thing is that amidst this cultural desert there are people who care and who have an enthusiasm that often puts oth€l nations io shame. I think of the Avison Ensemble in Newcastle reviving the music of Charles Avison (1709-1790), a fine baroque comlnser who proves that there were others than simply Handel composing music of worth in 'the land without music'. Now we can add to Newcastle, Wilmslow. Wilmslow? Where's that? It's somewhere up North. What good has ever come out of Wilmslow? Quite simply the revival of William Balfe's The Maid ol Artois! But then I guess most people in this educationally impoverished country have never heard of Balfe, less still of his opera composed for Malibran in 1836. -
Madama Butterfly Temporada 2005-2006
Madama Butterfly Temporada 2005-2006 4) Fundacio Gran Teatre del Liceu Generalitat de Catalunya Ministerio de Cultura Ajuntament de Barcelona Diputaci6 de Barcelona Societat del Gran Teatre del Liceu Gonsell de Mecenatge Madama Butterfly Opera en tres actes Llibret de Giuseppe Giacosa i Luigi Illica basat enl'obra teatral hornonima de David Belasco, inspirada en el relat de John Luther Long 1 Musica de Giacomo Puccini Dimarts, 13 de juny de 2006, 20.30 h, torn D Dimecres, 14 de juny de 2006, 20.30 h, torn PC Divendres, 16 de juny de 2006, 20.30 h, torn C Dissabte, 17 de juny de 2006, 20.30 h, torn PB Diumenge, 18 de juny de 2006, 18.00 h, torn F Dilluns, 19 de juny de 2006, 20.30 h, torn H Dimecres, 21 de juny de 2006, 20.30 h, torn B Dijous, 22 de juny de 2006, 20.30 h, torn E Diumenge, 25 de juny de 2006, 17.00 h, torn T Dilluns, 26 de juny de 2006, 20.30 h Dimarts, 27 de juny de 2006, 20.30 h, torn PA Dimecres, 28 de juny de 2006, 20.30 h, torn G Diumenge, 2 de juliol de 2006, 17.00 h, torn PD Dilluns, 3 de juliol de 2006, 20.30 h, torn A Dimarts, 4 de juliol de 2006, 20.30 h Dimecres, 5 de juliol de 2006, 20.30 h, turno PE Dilluns, 10 de juliol de 2006, 20.30 h Dissabte, 22 de juliol de 2006, 20.30 h Dimarts, 25 de juliol de 2006, 20.30 h Dimecres, 26 de juliol de 2006, 20.30 h Divendres, 28 de juliol de 2006, 20.30 h Dissabte, 29 de juliol de 2006, 20.30 h , Index CON FIE EN NUESTRA EXPERIENCIA PARA LLEVARLE A La MAs ALTO. -
Manon Lescaut : Wagner E Il Settecento
3. MANON LESCAUT : WAGNER E IL SETTECENTO MANON E MANON LESCAUT Ora Puccini era pronto per confrontarsi col capolavoro di Massenet, per di più trattando un soggetto tipicamente francese. Il romanzo di Prévost risaliva al 1731, ed era stato portato all’attenzione dei romantici nel 1820 dall’adattamento drammatico di Étienne Gosse, Manon Lescaut et le chévalier Des Grieux. L’attualità della vicenda stava nella tematica trattata, l’eterno scontro fra vizio e virtù nell’orbita di una passione romantica ante litteram. Non poco peso nella scelta di Puccini dovette avere il fatto che il vero protagonista fosse Des Grieux, in cui poté identificarsi. Prévost finse infatti, come avrebbe fatto Merimée in Carmen, che la storia gli fosse stata raccontata da un giovane sventurato che l’aveva vissuta in prima persona. Ciononostante fu la figura femminile a imporsi fin dal primo importante adattamento per le scene liriche, l’opéra-comique di Scribe per Auber (1856).1 Allo stesso genere apparteneva Manon di Massenet, e anche Puccini dichiarò a Praga che «era sua intenzione musicare un’opera comica nel senso classico della definizione» (ADAMI, pp. 42-3). Le differenze fra i due lavori sono profonde. Manca in Puccini la figura chiave del Conte des Grieux, padre di Renato, che pone fine alla felicità della coppia riprendendosi il figlio con la forza. Solo in conseguenza di questo gesto, di cui è stata forzosamente complice, Manon accetta, con scarso entusiasmo, l’offerta di essere l’amante di Brétigny. Massenet frappone sempre uno schermo galante fra la realtà e la forza dei sentimenti, attribuendo un peso maggiore all’ambiente di nobili e cortigiane in cui gravita la protagonista, mentre Puccini, attenuando il peso delle costrizioni sociali, rende Manon, sazia di 1 In precedenza il soggetto era stato trattato nei due balli pantomimici Manon Lescaut di Jean Pierre Aumer (1830) e di Giovanni Casati (1846), per la musica rispettivamente di Jacques-François-Fromental Halévy e dei fratelli Bellini. -
Director, Actor
Gunther Kittler | Director, Actor - www.gkittler.com Photo © Björn Struck 2013 Gunther Kittler, born in Vienna, Austria, is a young director and skilled stage manager. Among drama training, passed university courses in media information, philosophy, and comparative literature and linguistics, he obtained university degrees in theater studies, film aesthetics and media science. In 2000 he made his professional television debut (Inspector Rex) and he worked in various other movie and TV productions (Inspector Rex, SOKO Donau, Isenhart, Katharsis, Echte Wiener II, The Monuments Men) as an actor as well as behind the scenes since. His stage performances include Im weißen Rössl (The White Horse Inn), Die Fledermaus, Hansel and Gretel. He also started voice acting in 2012. He learned the Art of Directing early on in 2001, under the care and supervision of film directors Wolfgang Glück and Peter Patzak and especially distinguished opera director Christine Mielitz, whose directing assistant he became from 2006 to 2010. His work as directing assistant to Paul Flieder, Peter Pawlik, Beverly Blankenship, Dominik Wilgenbus, Markus Kupferblum, Olivier Tambosi, Barrie Kosky and Sven-Eric Bechtolf allowed him to work internationally at the Schauspielhaus Vienna, the Kammeroper Wien, the Volksoper Vienna, the Vienna State Opera and the Musiktheater Dortmund, where he became senior director in 2008. In the repertory seasons 2010/2013 he took an engagement as directing assistant and stage manager at the Deutsche Oper Berlin. There he worked with distinguished directors such as Christoph Loy, Robert Carsen, Roland Schwab, Philipp Stölzl, Katharina Thalbach, Marco Arturo Marelli as well as conductors Alberto Zedda and Donald Runnicles. -
(“You Love Opera: We'll Go Twice a Week”), Des Grieux Promise
MANON AT THE OPERA: FROM PRÉVOST’S MANON LESCAUT TO AUBER’S MANON LESCAUT AND MASSENET’S MANON VINCENT GIROUD “Vous aimez l’Opéra: nous irons deux fois la semaine” (“You love opera: we’ll go twice a week”), Des Grieux promises Manon in Histoire du Chevalier des Grieux et de Manon Lescaut, as the lovers make plans for their life at Chaillot following their first reconciliation.1 Opera, in turn, has loved Manon, since there exist at least eight operatic versions of the Abbé Prévost’s masterpiece – a record for a modern classic.2 Quickly written in late 1730 and early 1731, the Histoire du Chevalier des Grieux et de Manon Lescaut first appeared in Amsterdam as Volume VII of Prévost’s long novel Mémoires d’un homme de qualité.3 An instantaneous success, it went 1 Abbé Prévost, Histoire du Chevalier des Grieux et de Manon Lescaut, ed. Frédéric Deloffre and Raymond Picard, Paris: Garnier frères, 1965, 49-50. 2 They are, in chronological order: La courtisane vertueuse, comédie mȇlée d’ariettes four Acts (1772), libretto attributed to César Ribié (1755?-1830?), music from various sources; William Michael Balfe, The Maid of Artois, grand opera in three Acts (1836), libretto by Alfred Bunn; Daniel-François-Esprit Auber, Manon Lescaut, opéra comique in three Acts (1856), libretto by Eugène Scribe; Richard Kleinmichel, Manon, oder das Schloss de l’Orme, romantic-comic opera in four Acts (1887), libretto by Elise Levi; Jules Massenet, Manon, opéra comique in five Acts and six tableaux (1884), libretto by Henri Meilhac and Philippe Gille; Giacomo Puccini, Manon Lescaut, lyrical drama in four Acts (1893), libretto by Domenico Oliva, Giulio Ricordi, Luigi Illica, Giuseppe Giacosa, and Marco Praga; and Hans Werner Henze, Boulevard Solitude, lyric drama in seven Scenes (1951), libretto by Grete Weil on a scenario by Walter Jockisch.